In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: in reaching this conclusion, the court stated that it believed the sequence of events as documented in kinney's arrest report that the officer was beginning to pat down defendant when defendant dropped the backpack.

Answer: non-overruling


Question: we see no abuse of discretion, and we therefore affirm the admission of dr. parran's expert testimony.

Answer: non-overruling


Question: accordingly, to the extent our decision in ashness is inconsistent with this opinion, we decline to follow it.

Answer:
overruling


