You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

In this context, we decided to study the three main types of architectures which have demonstrated promising results over traditional systems: 1) Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) BIBREF5, BIBREF6 which uses Markov assumptions (i.e. conditional independence between predictions at each time step) to efficiently solve sequential problems by dynamic programming, 2) Attention-based methods BIBREF7, BIBREF8 which rely on an attention mechanism to perform non-monotonic alignment between acoustic frames and recognized acoustic units and 3) RNN-tranducer BIBREF0, BIBREF9, BIBREF10 which extends CTC by additionally modeling the dependencies between outputs at different steps using a prediction network analogous to a language model. 
 Question: What are the existing end-to-end ASR approaches for the French language?
Output:
1) Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) 2) Attention-based methods 3) RNN-tranducer