Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Example Input: What is the best way to find a stud in a wall? How far apart are they? Use a stud finder. This is the simplest, most effective way to find studs. By sliding the stud finder across the wall, the stud finder will beep and/or light up when it crosses a stud. If you don't have a stud finder, there are several methods that can be effective in finding studs. When a home is framed, the wall studs are usually spaced 16 or 24 inches apart. If you start in a corner and measure out 16 inches and you don't find a stud, you should find one at 24 inches. You can also try holding a flashlight against a wall and looking down the wall to see if you can tell where two pieces of drywall meet. When you are undertaking huge home remodeling projects, it is almost impossible to avoid dealing with wall moving, demolition, and construction. Before you do anything with your walls, understand a few things about wall framing. Yes. The main type of lumber for walls is the 2x4, also called a stud. Yes. And there are no exceptions to this rule. A load-bearing wall supports the weight of the house above it; the non-load-bearing wall supports only its own weight. The wider the header above the window, the larger the window. Thus, more air and light. Wall studs are usually placed about 12 to 18 inches apart depending on the type of construction and the building codes in your particular area. The closer together the studs a … re located, the stronger the structure becomes. Locate Nearby Studs. If you are hanging wide shelving, you may want to know how far apart your studs are so that you can anchor both ends. In most homes, they are placed 16 inches apart, but occasionally, you will find them spaced 24 inches apart. Measure the distance and use the steps above to locate your second stud. Wrap the head of your hammer in a dish towel or other cloth to prevent wall damage and rap gently on your wall where you suspect the stud should be. If you hear a hollow sound, then the stud is to the right or left. Bearing walls (walls that carry a heavy roof or floor load) need studs no more than 16 inches apart. Non-bearing walls can generally have the studs spaced 24 inches apart.Standards vary according to location, so it is a good practice to find out what the building codes in your area are. The normal spacing for studs in modern construction is 16 inches apart. One way to find a stud for hanging shelving is to measure in 16 inch increments from the outlet or switch until you get to the place where you want to hang your shelf. 24'stud wall they want to place the studs 24 apart on center how many studs will they need? If there are no windows, doors or partitions in the wall and no corner walls on the end you will need 13 studs, 24 feet of bottom plate and 48 feet of top plate. Bearing walls (walls that carry a heavy roof or floor load) need studs no more than 16 inches apart. Non-bearing walls can generally have the studs spaced 24 inches apart. Standards vary according to location, so it is a good practice to find out what the building codes in your area are. Bearing walls (walls that carry a heavy roof or floor load) need studs no more than 16 inches apart. Non-bearing walls can generally have the studs spaced 24 inches apart. Query: how far are wall studs apart
Example Output: When a home is framed, the wall studs are usually spaced 16 or 24 inches apart.

Example Input: The total time can have many different interpretations but usually it is interpreted as: 1  The time from entering the hospital, getting registered to the radiology department, receiving the CT exam and finally hearing from the doctor/radiologist the diagnosis based on the results. 1 Assuming that you are already inside the CT scanner ready to get scanned. CT scan without contrast (head, sinus, orbits, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar and dental scans) take approximately 15 minutes. CT studies with contrast of the chest, pelvis, head or neck take approximately 30 minutes. The scans are reported by a radiologist after the technician finishes the scan. The time taken to read and report the scan depends upon many factors like contrast used and comparison with a previously done CT Scan. Usually the report is available within 24 hours. Visit What is CT scan. Detailed note on CT scan Tests - ChooseDoctor At our hospital, it'd be very unusual for a CT scan to take more than an hour or two to be read, most are done within 30 minutes. From there, the question is how long does it take for the report to get to the ordering doctor? If the CT is sent to offsite radiology interpretation, it might take 2, no longer than 3 days to get the report to your physician. This is what you would expect in most areas of the country. 12.3k Views · View Upvoters Whereas, aortic contrast studies may take up to 45 minutes. Most cardiac CT studies will take 60 minutes. Assuming that you are not inside the CT scanner, prior to the actual scan, patient registration and meeting with the technologist takes approximately 30 minutes. The time that the procedure of the CT examination lasts and the time that the results are reconstructed in the radiologists computer. Expected time: between 5 and 30 minutes. More specifically, the scan time, the time you are actually in the machine as it acquires images, depends on a number of factors. If it was ordered as a routine versus ordering it as a stat, a routine CT results could be available within 1 to 2 days from the time of the scan was taken to a stat CT being reported within hours of the actual scan . The latest research from I-ELCAP shows that patients diagnosed with lung cancer as a result of annual CT screening have an overall cure rate of 80%, regardless of stage and type of treatment. When cancers are found at the earliest stage (85% of the patients) and are immediately removed with surgery, the research shows a cure rate of 92%. A chest x-ray shows only two views of your chest (front and side), while a CT scan shows cross-sectional images all through your chest-from the very top of your lungs through the lung bases. Thus, tiny abnormalities (that could be early stage lung cancer) can be found which would never have been seen on a chest x-ray. Query: how long does it take to report on a ct scan to your doctor?
Example Output: Usually it takes 24 hours to report on a ct scan.

Example Input: Fluoride supplements were developed in the 1950s based on the incorrect and outdated notions that (a) fluoride’s benefit to teeth comes from being swallowed during childhood, and that (b) children in unfluoridated communities have a deficiency of fluoride intake. For example, the use of a series of four or more topical applications should be considered for a patient with a severe caries problem. Likewise, a reduced topical application time of 30 seconds as opposed to four minutes may be adequate to maintain a patient with little or no current caries activity. Check with your child's doctor for any other special instructions. 1  Your child can eat and drink right after the fluoride varnish is applied. But only give your child soft foods and cold or warm (not hot) foods or liquids. 2  Do not brush or floss teeth for at least 4 to 6 hours. Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride which is applied to the tooth's surface, by a dentist, dental hygienist or other health care professional, as a type of topical fluoride therapy.[1] It is not a permanent varnish but due to its adherent nature it is able to stay in contact with the tooth surface for several hours. When is Fluoride Varnish not used? Fluoride varnish is not used if there are noticeable sores in the mouth or on the gums. It is also not used if there is an allergy to one of the ingredients in the varnish or to pine nuts. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or dentist. The first use of adjusted fluoride in water for caries control began in 1945 and 1946 in the United States and Canada, when the fluoride concentration was adjusted in the drinking water supplying four communities (2--5). Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. The evidence quality was poor. The CDC recommends that in communities where natural fluoride levels are high, parents should give kids water from other sources. The ADA also recognizes that infants need less fluoride than older kids and adults. Some infants may be getting too much fluoride in the water used to reconstitute infant formula. Fluoride supplements can be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years who are at high risk for tooth decay and whose primary drinking water has a low fluoride concentration. 2, 21 Tablets and lozenges are manufactured with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg fluoride. 2, 3 Most supplements contain sodium fluoride as the active ingredient. 2 To maximize the topical effect of fluoride, tablets and lozenges are intended to be chewed or sucked for 1–2 minutes before being swallowed; 2, 3, 5 for ... A 1992 census found that, for U.S. public water supply systems reporting the type of compound used, 63% of the population received water fluoridated with fluorosilicic acid, 28% with sodium fluorosilicate, and 9% with sodium fluoride. Query: at what age should fluoride be used
Example Output:
Fluoride supplements should be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years.

