Answer the question from the given passage. Your answer should be directly extracted from the passage, and it should be a single entity, name, or number, not a sentence.

Let me give you an example: Passage: Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. Suddenly, and while I was occupied with far different thoughts, he wrote to Wenceslaus Link, “the Lord has plunged me into marriage. At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old. Question: In a letter who did Luther credit for his union with Katharina?
The answer to this example can be: the Lord
Here is why: The paragraph clearly states that, Luther has credited the Lord for his union with Katharina, hence the Lord is correct answer.

OK. solve this:
Passage: The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled 'Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction' based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the 'hockey stick graph'. This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century. The schematic was not an actual plot of data, and was based on a diagram of temperatures in central England, with temperatures increased on the basis of documentary evidence of Medieval vineyards in England. Even with this increase, the maximum it showed for the Medieval Warm Period did not reach temperatures recorded in central England in 2007. The MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000, using differing data and methods. The Jones et al. and Briffa reconstructions were overlaid with the MBH99 reconstruction in Figure 2.21 of the IPCC report. Question: When was the paper published that the 'Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction' graph was based on?
Answer:
1999