Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

[EX Q]: That would be alot of work, only replace what you need to. Unless it is your sewer line then i would replace it all to the main. I agree with answer # 1. IN ADDITION: Back in the day, cast iron joints were sealed together with hot lead. Depending on the position of the cast iron pipe and the size of it. Either one can cut the cast iron piping and clamp PVC to it or you can melt the old lead out of the cast iron joints and place PVC piping inside and then recork (reseal) it with prattley putty to prevent it from leaking. the flow of water: slow drainage is often the first indication of a problem, and homeowners may find themselves calling the plumber every six months to clear out the pipe. The average lifespan of cast iron drain/sewer pipe is 50 to 65 years. It is easily recognized by the thickened female “hub” at each pipe segment connection. Rust eventually eats through cast iron, primarily from the inside out, as shown in the photo below. Because corrosion is accelerated by moisture, pipe with light effluent flow and installed in a dry environment can survive 20 to 30 years longer. So keep cast iron piping or cast it out? Older cast iron waste pipes should be judged on a case-by-case basis. First hire an experienced home inspector to collect information about the drain waste system’s performance. Ask your home inspector to do a visual inspection of the pipes if possible. If your inspector is any Trenchless Pipe Lining LLC matches that warranty with a 50-year labor warranty since the liner has turned into rock inside the pipe and cannot move, shrink, or be displaced in any way. Interestingly, the hardened pipe liner actually DOES flex a little which allows it to accommodate ground settlement without cracking, unlike clay or cast iron sewer pipes. Re: Cast Iron Drain Pipe - Life Expectancy. I simply put cast-iron and galvanized piping will rust from the inside to the outside and eventually will need updating. If mineral deposits are noted as reported as a leak. Also be aware I have found vent pipes totally rusted out behind the wall. A good quality cast iron pipe, installed under ideal conditions, has a life expectancy of 75 – 100 years, and possibly even more. Cast iron does rust but when it does the rust actually forms a barrier layer over the remainder of the pipe which helps protect it from further rusting. Since most cast iron pipes were thick walled to begin with even with some rusting inside they can handle the lower pressures of waste water disposal quite well and last a long time. Cast iron also provides many other benefits in home waste systems that still makes it a good choice for homes. For all of its good points cast iron does have some problems related to it. One of the problems had to do with the varying quality of the pipe that was manufactured in earlier years. Standards for cast iron pipe have been around since the 1800’s but like anything else they are voluntary standards. Cast Iron and galvanized drain pipe may appear to be in fairly good condition from the outside. When I had some cast iron drain pipe replaced, we found sever... Cast Iron and galvanized drain pipe may appear to be in fairly good condition from the outside. When I had some cast iron drain pipe replaced, we found several potential problems that would have surfaced in the near future. The estimated life expectancy for cast iron drain pipe is 60 years. I couldn't find any good estimates for the life span of galvanized pipe, however, my 2 inch pipe from the kitchen drain was almost rusted closed. What kind of paint for a cast iron drain pipe? If you want to prime it first, latex is fine or oil base by itself. You can probably get by with latex directly on the pipe, but there may be oils or dirt on it that will blee … d through. Query: how long does cast iron drain pipe last
[EX A]: The average lifespan of cast iron drain pipe is 50 to 65 years.

[EX Q]: The Qin dynasty was brief in duration (221-206 BCE) but very important in Chinese history. It followed the Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and... The Qin dynasty was brief in duration (221-206 BCE) but very important in Chinese history. It followed the Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and it ended when Liu Bang became the king of Han in 206 BCE (the formal beginning of the Han dynasty). Despite its brevity, the Qin dynasty left important marks on Chinese culture. The imperial era was 221 BC – 1912 AD, from China's unification under Qin rule till the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China era from 1912, and the modern China era from 1949. Timeline of Chinese History The short-lived Qin Dynasty was the first to unite China as a country under an emperor instead of a ruling clan. A bureaucratic government was introduced, and was continued by the less-extreme Han Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC) was the first and shortest imperial dynasty in China, famous for great building projects like the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army. Liu Bang, a peasant leader, overthrew the unpopular Qin regime and established the Han Dynasty. Written By: Shang dynasty, Wade-Giles romanization Shang, the first recorded Chinese dynasty for which there is both documentary and archaeological evidence. The Shang dynasty was the reputed successor to the quasi-legendary first dynasty, the Xia (c. 2070–c. 1600 bce). Bronze gu from Anyang, Henan province, China, Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 bce); in the William Rockhill Nelson Gallery and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Mo. China is one of the world's four ancient civilizations, and the written history of China dates back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), over 3,000 years ago. Pre-1600 BC China is charted mainly by legend and pre-historic evidence. The ancient China era was c. 1600–221 BC. Assorted References. 1  major treatment (in China: The first historical dynasty: the Shang) 2  archaeological discoveries (in Li Chi) (in archaeology: Developments in the 20th century and beyond) 3  Chinese architecture (in Chinese architecture: Neolithic and Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 bce)) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search 漢朝 The Han Dynasty ← 206 BC – 220 → → → Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Chang'an (202 BC–9 AD) Luoyang (25 AD–190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History - Establishment 206 BC - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC - Interruption of ... The Han Dynasty was ruled by the prominent family known as the Liu (劉) clan. The reign of the Han Dynasty, lasting over 400 years, is commonly considered within China to be one of the greatest periods in the history of China. To this day, the ethnic majority of China still refer to themselves as People of the Han.. Hope that helps. 1 The dates given for the founding of the Shang dynasty vary from about 1760 to 1520 bce, and the dates for the dynasty’s fall also vary, from 1122 to 1030 bce. The period of the dynasty’s rule has traditionally been dated 1766–1122 bce. The latter part of the Shang dynasty, from the reign of the Pangeng emperor onward (i.e., c. 1300 bce), has also been called the Yin dynasty. Query: how long ago was the qin dynasty
[EX A]: The Qin Dynasty is from 221 BC to 206 BC.

[EX Q]: Quickly convert Pacific Standard Time (PST) to time in Austin, Texas with this easy-to-use, modern time zone converter. Austin, Texas, Information Known for its casual and playful nature, Austin is the playground of Texas. Situated at the centre of the Lone Star State, it stands as the gateway to the Texas Hill Country and the Highland Lakes. Getting Started. 1  1 Add locations (or remove, set home, order) 2  2 Mouse over hours to convert time at a glance. 3  3 Click hour tiles to schedule and share. + 4  Sign in to save settings - it's FREE! Converting PST to Austin Time This time zone converter lets you visually and very quickly convert PST to Austin, Texas time and vice-versa. Simply mouse over the colored hour-tiles and glance at the hours selected by the column... and done! Austin, TX City of Austin, Capital of Texas, USA . Current time now incTime Zone: America Chicago (USA Central Time) Converting PST to Austin Time. This time zone converter lets you visually and very quickly convert PST to Austin, Texas time and vice-versa. Simply mouse over the colored hour-tiles and glance at the hours selected by the column... and done! PST stands for Pacific Standard Time. Austin, Texas time is 2 hours ahead of PST. Pacific Standard Time (PST) to Austin, Texas ( in Austin) 12 am PST: is : 2 am in Austin: 1 am PST: is : 3 am in Austin: 2 am PST: is : 4 am in Austin: 3 am PST: is : 5 am in Austin: 4 am PST: is : 6 am in Austin: 5 am PST: is : 7 am in Austin: 6 am PST: is : 8 am in Austin: 7 am PST: is : 9 am in Austin: 8 am PST: is : 10 am in Austin: 9 am PST: is : 11 am in Austin: 10 am PST: is : 12 pm in Austin Austin, Texas, Information. Known for its casual and playful nature, Austin is the playground of Texas. Situated at the centre of the Lone Star State, it stands as the gateway to the Texas Hill Country and the Highland Lakes. As the state capital and home to the University of Texas, the city supports a politically charged and culturally rich environment. Blessed with a temperate year-round climate and 300 days of sunshine a year, Austin lives for the outdoors. Nature trails, parks and wilderness preserves create an oasis in the heart of the city. Town Lake bisects the centre of downtown and is bordered by 10 miles of hike-and-bike trails where devoted joggers, walkers and cyclists flock every hour of the day. Austin, Texas, Websites . City of Austin website . Visit Austin website . Austin, Texas, Information . Known for its casual and playful nature, Austin is the playground of Texas. Situated at the centre of the Lone Star State, it stands as the gateway to the Texas Hill Country and the Highland Lakes. Query: austin is what time zone
[EX A]:
Austin is in USA Central Time zone.

