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Q: Further testing will involve more specific tests for confirmation of cat scratch fever. Growing, or culturing, the causative organism from a blood sample remains the most reliable method for diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a more advanced test for detecting bacterial DNA, which may be done by taking a sample of tissue from the lesion. Cat fleas are respon- sible for horizontal transmission of the disease from cat to cat, and on occasion, arthropod vectors (fleas or ticks) may transmit the disease to humans. Cat-scratch disease is commonly diagnosed in children, but adults can present with it as well. The causative microorganism, B. henselae, is difficult to culture. Until around 15 years ago, only three human diseases were recognized as clearly attributable to Bartonella organisms: cat scratch disease (CSD, also sometimes referred to as cat scratch fever), caused by B. henselae; Carrion's disease, caused by B. bacilliformus (and limited to South America); and trench fever, caused by B. quintana. Adult fleas feed on cat blood; in young kittens this can cause weakness, anaemia and death. Fleas are important in the transmission of ‘cat scratch disease’ between cats and to humans. This is an infection with the bacterium Bartonella hensellae, and is spread when fleas feed on blood. Some dogs and cats develop an allergy to flea bites, which causes them to scratch excessively or develop skin disease. Cat fleas can cause itchy bites on sensitive humans, typically around the ankles . These are older products that have been on the market for decades and have been causing deaths for decades. They also do not do a very good job of killing fleas! Avoid these scrupulously in geriatric cats, as they require metabolism and/or clearance by the liver or kidneys to remove the product from the body. Patients with typical late cat scratch disease who has demonstrated constant improvement in the clinical manifestations of the involved lymph node. Atypical cat scratch disease (e.g. encephalitis, pneumonitis, osteomyelitis). Drug: prednison and azithromycin. 1  Patients with typical cat-scratch disease will be treated with a 5-day course of prednison and azithromycin. 2  Cap Azithromycin 500 mg qd (first day), then 250 mg qd for 4 days and Tab prednison 1 mg/kg/day, not exceeding 60 mg/day, qd, for 5 days. Control fleas. 1  Keep your cat's nails trimmed. 2  Apply a flea product (topical or oral medication) approved by your veterinarian once a month. BEWARE: Over-the-counter flea products may not be safe for cats. 3  Check with your veterinarian before applying ANY flea product to make sure it is safe for your cat and your family. Bilavsky E, Amit S, Avidor B, Ephros M, Giladi M. Cat scratch disease during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Mar. 119(3):640-4. . Arvand M, Schad SG. Isolation of Bartonella henselae DNA from the peripheral blood of a patient with cat scratch disease up to 4 months after the cat scratch injury. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jun. 44(6):2288-90. . Watch out for cat scratch disease. Cat scratch disease, the commonest disease spread by cats, is caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. Cats act as a reservoir for the disease, and it's especially prevalent among young cats and cats with fleas.
A:
effective methods for treating cat scratching disease