Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

Example Input: She took throne after her father's death at fifty six. Maria Theresa took over the territories when she was twenty six. Maria Theresa was the only woman to take the leadership position in over 600 years. Before Charles IV's death, he was the last remaining male of the Hapsburg dynasty. The last woman as a leader was during the Hapsburg family's dynasty. Maria Theresa (1717-1780). Habsburg Empress, Co-Regent of the Empire. Without male heirs, Charles IV altered Habsburg family law by the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which proclaimed the indivisibility of his lands and designated his eldest daughter, Maria Theresa, as his successor. Maria Theresa did so many good things for Austria and that is what made her such a great ruler. When Fredrick the Great heard about the death of her, he stated, This woman’s achievements were those of a great man. In 1741, another claimant to the Austrian throne appeared, one Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, who was elected Charles VII in Frankfurt the following year. Maria Theresa was forced to cede Lower Silesia to Prussia in 1741, then the entire province in 1742. With the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, the Habsburgs lost Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, and the Milanese territories west of the Ticino. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina[1] (German: Maria Theresia [maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a]; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. Maria Theresa took over the territories when she was twenty six. Maria Theresa was the only woman to take the leadership position in over 600 years. Before Charles IV's death, he was the last remaining male of the Hapsburg dy nasty. The last woman as a leader was during the Hapsburg family's dynasty. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. rming laws as an enlightened monarchy. In 1774, they introduced mandatory education. In 1780, Maria Theresa passed away in Vienna. She was the only woman who ruled in the 650-year-long Hapsburg dynasty. Her son, Joseph II, took rule after her death. Maria Theresa ruled for forty years the wide empire of Austria. Maria Theresa's first challenge was Prussia. They tried to occupy Silesia after the death of her father. Maria Theresa was born on May 13, 1717 in Vienna, Austria. She was the oldest child of Charles IV and Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbttl. She married her cousin, Francis of Lorraine. He later became duke of Tuscany and then emperor. Query: how long did maria theresa rule
Example Output: Maria Theresa ruled for forty years.

Example Input: by Jerry Search, Southern California Speed Skating Association. From an article originally appearing in The Racing Blade, November 1994: For many years I have heard various statements of the actual speed in miles per hour (MPH) that speed skaters skate, anywhere from 20 to 40 MPH. Long Track Speedskating Preview The U.S. and long track speedskating are synonymous. Boasting 67 Olympic medals, including 29 golds, Team USA is traditionally poised to reach the medal stand each Olympic Winter Games due to the team’s historic success. And remember that the stop-and-go tactics of pack-style skating also influence times, and true speed. Therefore... If you have the opportunity to have timed flying 1-laps, then this would be your fastest true speed (although you could probably skate a little faster in a long track straight-away sprint of maybe 100 meters). The Olympic long track competition will be held at the Gangneung Oval, which is situated next to the short track speedskating venue in the coastal city of Gangneung. The venue seats up to 8,000 people and also hosted the 2017 ISU World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships in February 2017. Short track speed skating takes place on a smaller rink, normally the size of an ice hockey rink, on a 111.12 m oval track. Distances are shorter than in long-track racing, with the longest Olympic individual race being 1500 meters (the women's relay is 3000 meters and the men's relay 5000 meters). Most speed skating races are held on an oval course, but there are exceptions. Oval sizes vary; in short track speed skating, the rink must be an oval of 111.12 metres, while long track speed skating uses a similarly standardized 400 m rink. Inline skating rinks are between 125 and 400 metres, though banked tracks can only be 250 metres long. Before you use the Speed Calculator, please keep in mind two very important points. First, in Short Track speed skating, the skaters rarely skate the actual measured distance on the track, usually skating a somewhat wider track, and therefore farther than the measured 111.12 meters per lap. If you cannot get a flying lap timed, just enter your best time in a short race, like a 333 (300 for Long Track) or a 500. Just to answer the big question of How fast can a speedskater really skate?, try entering the current (2001) 500 meter World Record for Long Track, 34.32. The long track speed skating track is more than three times the length of the short track. Speed skating is broken up into 12 events at the Olympics for both men and women. Men compete at distances of 500 meters, 1,000 meters, 1,500 meters, 5,000 meters, 10,000 meters and a team event. Speed skating. The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally. It is one of two Olympic forms of the sport and the one with the longer history. An international federation was founded in 1892, the first for any winter sport. Query: how long is a speed skating track
Example Output: The standard speed skating track is 400 meters long.

Example Input: When you are being sold aged meat, be sure to ask whether it's been dry-aged or wet-aged. If they don't know the answer or are unwilling to share, it's best to assume the worst. The other drawback to wet-aging: It can't be carried out for as long as dry-aging. It seems counterintuitive, considering that a wet-aged hunk of meat is largely protected by the outside environment. But if even a smidge of harmful anaerobic bacteria makes its way into that bag, the meat will rot inside its cover, giving no indication that it's done so until you open it up. 31 Comments Latest May 24, 2012 by Tom34. 1  1POINT21GW May 21, 2012 You can keep it for up to 45 - 60 days past the sell by date (depending on the temperature it's kept at - store it in the bottom... 2  a. 3  a. 4  TraderJoe May 21, 2012 I wet age for two weeks minimum in cryo as a standard SOP fopr every steak house I have run. Since wet aged beef is more economical than dry aged beef, you're more likely to find it in restaurants and grocery stores. You can easily wet age cuts of beef at home if you own a vacuum-sealer. While it may lack the depth of flavor you'll find in dry-aged beef, this process tenderizes the meat without reducing its weight. Enzymes break down muscle tissue as the beef ages, resulting in a tender cut of meat. Things You'll Need Now, you can’t just grab any brisket out of the meat cooler and plan on aging it because you have no idea how long it’s been packaged. Meat is only good for so many days fresh – and then it will spoil. The only way to know when meat was packaged is to see the actual date it was packaged. From this date you can determine your window for wet aging. The kill/package date is printed on every case… and that’s the only way to know. So you have 2 options: You can buy it by the case – which saves you a little money anyway. It means that if you try to wet-age a vacuum sealed package of meat in the back of your fridge, you are taking a gamble. You may end up with good, more tender wet aged beef, or you may end up with off-tasting spoiled beef that gives you a tummy ache (unless you overcook it, after which it will be dry and off-tasting). So, Should I Age Beef at Home? This Post Has 4 Comments. 1  Tell us, if this practice of aging is only used or needed in beef. Great explanation for everyone to use for their personal choice. 2  Jenn-thx for the great explanation. Just had this same convo when I dropped our heifer off this week. You did a much better job of explaining the why’s! (East)Norwich. NY, customer who purchased Dry Aged Prime Strip Steaks. All too often you will read a menu or an ad or a review saying “ the beef is aged 21 days” or “our beef is wet aged for 30 days” or even, “ their beef is dry aged up to 6 weeks”. And the impression in some cases is that it is all the same thing. Two: Unwrap the beef, rinse it well, and pat it dry with paper towels. Do not trim. Wrap the roast loosely in a triple layer of cheesecloth and set it on a rack over a rimmed baking sheet or other tray. Three: Refrigerate for three to seven days; the longer the beef ages, the tastier it gets. Beef aging - References. ^ 1  DeGeer, S. L.; Hunt, M. C.; Bratcher, C. L.; Crozier-Dodson, B. A.; Johnson, D. E.; Stika, J. F. (2009). ^ 2  Semley, John (18 August 2017). 3  Ahnström, M. L.; Seyfert, M.; Hunt, M. C.; Johnson, D. E. (2006). 4  DeGeer, S. L.; Hunt, M. C.; Bratcher, C. L.; Crozier-Dodson, B. A.; Johnson, D. E.; Stika, J. F. (2009). Quality dry aging makes the beef you buy not only more tender, but concentrates flavor and produces meat that is superb in taste and texture. Dry Aging occurs when beef is processed and stored in a 30 - 35 degree cooler. During this time, enzymes in the meat work to break down the fibers and tenderize the beef. Most beef is aged a minimum of 72 hours; however, it's better if the beef is aged longer. Maximum tenderness occurs at 10 - 11 days of aging, but superior flavor occurs when the beef is aged longer. The longer you dry age beef, the more you increase the density of the beef (due to water loss) which concentrates the flavor. Dry Aged Beef, The Darkened Outer Layers Are Cut Away During the dry aging process, mold and bacteria forms on the outermost layers of the beef which must be cut off and thrown away. Query: how long can you wet aged beef
Example Output:
You can wet aged beef for 30 days.

