Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: The Bush administration did not develop new diplomatic initiatives on al Qaeda with the Saudi government before 9/11.
Sent 2: Vice President Cheney called Crown Prince Abdullah on July 5, 2001, to seek Saudi help in preventing threatened attacks on American facilities in the Kingdom.
Sent 3: Secretary of State Powell met with the crown prince twice before 9/11.
Sent 4: They discussed topics like Iraq, not al Qaeda.U.S.-Saudi relations in the summer of 2001 were marked by sometimes heated disagreements about ongoing Israeli- Palestinian violence, not about  Bin Laden.
Sent 5: The confirmation of the Pentagon's new leadership was a lengthy process.
Sent 6: Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz was confirmed in March 2001 and Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas Feith in July.
Sent 7: Though the new officials were briefed about terrorism and some of the earlier planning, including that for Operation Infinite Resolve, they were focused, as Secretary Rumsfeld told us, on creating a twenty-first-century military.
Sent 8: At the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Shelton did not recall much interest by the new administration in military options against al Qaeda in Afghanistan.
Sent 9: He could not recall any specific guidance on the topic from the secretary.
Sent 10: Brian Sheridan-the outgoing assistant secretary of defense for special operations and low-intensity conflict (SOLIC), the key counterterrorism policy office in the Pentagon-never briefed Rumsfeld.
Sent 11: He departed on January 20; he had not been replaced by 9/11.
Sent 12: Rumsfeld noted to us his own interest in terrorism, which came up often in his regular meetings with Tenet.
Sent 13: He thought that the Defense Department, before 9/11, was not organized adequately or prepared to deal with new threats like terrorism.
Sent 14: But his time was consumed with getting new officials in place and working on the foundation documents of a new defense policy, the quadrennial defense review, the defense planning guidance, and the existing contingency plans.
Sent 15: He did not recall any particular counterterrorism issue that engaged his attention before 9/11, other than the development of the Predator unmanned aircraft system.
Sent 16: The commander of Central Command, General Franks, told us that he did not regard the existing plans as serious.
Sent 17: To him a real military plan to address al Qaeda would need to go all the way, following through the details of a full campaign (including the political-military issues of where operations would be based) and securing the rights to fly over neighboring countries.
Sent 18: The draft presidential directive circulated in June 2001 began its discussion of the military by reiterating the Defense Department's lead role in protecting its forces abroad. 
Question: In 2001, the draft presidential directive circulated how many months after the leadership of Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz was confirmed?.
[EX A]: 3.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: Clarifying the Record The defense of U.S. airspace on 9/11 was not conducted in accord with preexisting training and protocols.
Sent 2: It was improvised by civilians who had never handled a hijacked aircraft that attempted to disappear, and by a military unprepared for the transformation of commercial aircraft into weapons of mass destruction.
Sent 3: As it turned out, the NEADS air defenders had nine minutes' notice on the first hijacked plane, no advance notice on the second, no advance notice on the third, and no advance notice on the fourth.
Sent 4: We do not believe that the true picture of that morning reflects discredit on the operational personnel at NEADS or FAA facilities.
Sent 5: NEADS commanders and officers actively sought out information, and made the best judgments they could on the basis of what they knew.
Sent 6: Individual FAA controllers, facility managers, and Command Center managers thought outside the box in recommending a nationwide alert, in ground-stopping local traffic, and, ultimately, in deciding to land all aircraft and executing that unprecedented order flawlessly.
Sent 7: More than the actual events, inaccurate government accounts of those events made it appear that the military was notified in time to respond to two of the hijackings, raising questions about the adequacy of the response.
Sent 8: Those accounts had the effect of deflecting questions about the military's capacity to obtain timely and accurate information from its own sources.
Sent 9: In addition, they overstated the FAA's ability to provide the military with timely and useful information that morning.
Sent 10: In public testimony before this Commission in May 2003, NORAD officials stated that at 9:16, NEADS received hijack notification of United 93 from the FAA.
Sent 11: This statement was incorrect.
Sent 12: There was no hijack to report at 9:16.
Sent 13: United 93 was proceeding normally at that time.
Sent 14: In this same public testimony, NORAD officials stated that at 9:24, NEADS received notification of the hijacking of American 77.
Sent 15: This statement was also incorrect.
Sent 16: The notice NEADS received at 9:24 was that American 11 had not hit the World Trade Center and was heading for Washington, D.C. In their testimony and in other public accounts, NORAD officials also stated that the Langley fighters were scrambled to respond to the notifications about American 77,178 United 93, or both.
Sent 17: These statements were incorrect as well.
Sent 18: The fighters were scrambled because of the report that American 11 was heading south, as is clear not just from taped conversations at NEADS but also from taped conversations at FAA centers; contemporaneous logs compiled at NEADS, Continental Region headquarters, and NORAD; and other records. 
Question: Who coordinated the defense of US airspace on September 11?.
[EX A]: FAA.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: A flood occurs when a river overflows its banks.
Sent 2: This might happen because of heavy rains.
Sent 3: Floodplains In very flat regions, flood water may spread out on the surface of the land.
Sent 4: It then slows down and drops its sediment.
Sent 5: If a river floods often, a floodplain develops.
Sent 6: A floodplain is an area where a thick layer of rich soil is left behind as the floodwater recedes.
Sent 7: Thats why floodplains are usually good places for growing plants.
Sent 8: They are very flat areas and they have very rich soils.
Sent 9: The Nile River valley is a great example of a floodplain.
Sent 10: Each year, the Nile River rises over its banks.
Sent 11: This floodwater carries a lot of sediment.
Sent 12: This sediment has been eroded off areas of land from upstream.
Sent 13: This sediment is dropped as the water slows down after spreading across the land.
Sent 14: What is left behind is a very rich soil.
Sent 15: Thats why crops can be raised in the middle of a sandy desert.
Sent 16: Natural Levees A flooding river often forms natural levees along its banks.
Sent 17: A levee is a raised strip of sediments deposited close to the waters edge. 
Question: What may cause a river to flood and overflow its banks?.
[EX A]:
Heavy rains.

