In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

However, no prior work has explored the target of the offensive language, which is important in many scenarios, e.g., when studying hate speech with respect to a specific target. 
 Question: What are the differences between this dataset and pre-existing ones?
no prior work has explored the target of the offensive language

While manually analyzing the raw dataset, we noticed that looking at the tweet one has replied to or has quoted, provides significant contextual information. We call these, “context tweets". As humans can better understand a tweet with the reference of its context, our assumption is that computers also benefit from taking context tweets into account in detecting abusive language.

As shown in the examples below, (2) is labeled abusive due to the use of vulgar language. However, the intention of the user can be better understood with its context tweet (1).

(1) I hate when I'm sitting in front of the bus and somebody with a wheelchair get on.

INLINEFORM0 (2) I hate it when I'm trying to board a bus and there's already an as**ole on it.

Similarly, context tweet (3) is important in understanding the abusive tweet (4), especially in identifying the target of the malice.

(3) Survivors of #Syria Gas Attack Recount `a Cruel Scene'.

INLINEFORM0 (4) Who the HELL is “LIKE" ING this post? Sick people....

Huang et al. huang2016modeling used several attributes of context tweets for sentiment analysis in order to improve the baseline LSTM model. However, their approach was limited because the meta-information they focused on—author information, conversation type, use of the same hashtags or emojis—are all highly dependent on data.

In order to avoid data dependency, text sequences of context tweets are directly used as an additional feature of neural network models. We use the same baseline model to convert context tweets to vectors, then concatenate these vectors with outputs of their corresponding labeled tweets. More specifically, we concatenate max-pooled layers of context and labeled tweets for the CNN baseline model. As for RNN, the last hidden states of context and labeled tweets are concatenated. 
 Question: What additional features and context are proposed?
using tweets that one has replied or quoted to as contextual information

Task processing: converting data exploration tasks to algebraic operations on the embedding space by following task-specific conversion templates. Some important tasks and their conversion templates are discussed in Section SECREF5.

Query processing: executing semantic query on the embedding space and return results. Note that the algebraic operations on embedding vectors are linear and can be performed in parallel. Therefore, the semantic query is efficient. 
 Question: What data exploration is supported by the analysis of these semantic structures?

Task processing: converting data exploration tasks to algebraic operations on the embedding space Query processing: executing semantic query on the embedding space and return results

