Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: Hundreds of thousands of years before China was to become the world's longest-running civilization, the prologue was enacted by means of the flicker of a carefully tended fire.
Sent 2: Peking Man, a forebear of Homo sapiens, achieved a mastery of fire.
Sent 3: We might call it the first Chinese invention.
Sent 4: Not that he devised flint and steel, matches, or any other way of creating fire.
Sent 5: Peking Man simply learned how to capture flame, perhaps from a forest fire, and keep it alight.
Sent 6: He thus enjoyed two revolutionary luxuries: light and heat.
Sent 7: Technologically and sociologically, it was a phenomenal breakthrough: with fire, communities could live year 'round in one cave, in which cooking and even smelting could be pursued.
Sent 8: And so, by 600,000 b.c., about 50 km (31 miles) southwest of present-day Beijing, the ancestors of mankind were ready to settle down.
Sent 9: Several hundred thousand years later, when Marco Polo reached the capital of China, he was astonished by a further development in fire technology.
Sent 10: The Chinese, he announced, used black stones dug out of mountains as fuel.
Sent 11: Europeans did not yet have a word for "coal," nor had they discovered a use for it.
Sent 12: The First Dynasty The confluence of mythology and history in China took place around 4,000 years ago during what is referred to as the Xia (Hsia) Dynasty.
Sent 13: This was still the Stone Age, but the people are thought to have made silk from thread produced by the worms they cultivated on the leaves of their mulberry trees.
Sent 14: And written language (which evolved as early as 4,500 to 5,000 years ago) was already in use, originally by oracles and then by official scribes — China's first scholars.
Sent 15: During the second of the quasi-legendary dynasties, the Shang (from about the 16th to 11th centuries b.c.), the Chinese developed an interest in art.
Sent 16: Careful geometric designs as well as dragon and bird motifs adorned bowls and implements.
Sent 17: And with the arrival of the Bronze Age, the Chinese created bronze vessels of such beauty and originality that, until modern times, archaeologists refused to believe they were cast 3,000 years ago.
Sent 18: The Shang Dynasty gave rise to the concept of one Chinese nation under one government. 
Question: When the Xia Dynasty came about was written language already in place?.
[EX A]: Yes.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: Have you ever seen an egg?
Sent 2: Some animals do not have live births.
Sent 3: Instead, they lay eggs.
Sent 4: The eggs contain the embryo.
Sent 5: The embryo matures in the egg.
Sent 6: With time, it will hatch.
Sent 7: Some animals hatch and do not need care from their parents.
Sent 8: They are ready to live on their own.
Sent 9: Other animals will still need the care of their parents.
Sent 10: Sea turtles break out of their shells.
Sent 11: They immediately walk to the ocean.
Sent 12: They do this with no help from an adult.
Sent 13: Birds stay in the nest for many weeks.
Sent 14: They are cared for by their parents.
Sent 15: They leave the nest when they are strong enough to fly.
Sent 16: Some animals give birth to live offspring.
Sent 17: Animals like horses, cows, and whales give live birth.
Sent 18: Their offspring are born looking like mini adults. 
Question: How do sea turtles behave after being born?.
[EX A]: Sea turtles break out of their shells.
Sent 11: They immediately walk to the ocean.

[EX Q]: Paragraph- Sent 1: After the death of Spitamenes and his marriage to Roxana (Roshanak in Bactrian) to cement relations with his new satrapies, Alexander turned to the Indian subcontinent.
Sent 2: He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara, in the north of what is now Pakistan, to come to him and submit to his authority.
Sent 3: Omphis(Indian name Ambhi Kumar), the ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended from the Indus to the Hydaspes (Jhelum), complied, but the chieftains of some hill clans, including the Aspasioi and Assakenoi sections of the Kambojas (known in Indian texts also as Ashvayanas and Ashvakayanas), refused to submit.
Sent 4: Ambhi hastened to relieve Alexander of his apprehension and met him with valuable presents, placing himself and all his forces at his disposal.
Sent 5: Alexander not only returned Ambhi his title and the gifts but he also presented him with a wardrobe of "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1000 talents in gold".
Sent 6: Alexander was emboldened to divide his forces, and Ambhi assisted Hephaestion and Perdiccas in constructing a bridge over the Indus where it bends at Hund (Fox 1973), supplied their troops with provisions, and received Alexander himself, and his whole army, in his capital city of Taxila, with every demonstration of friendship and the most liberal hospitality.
Sent 7: On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5000 men and took part in the battle of the Hydaspes River.
Sent 8: After that victory he was sent by Alexander in pursuit of Porus, to whom he was charged to offer favourable terms, but narrowly escaped losing his life at the hands of his old enemy.
Sent 9: Subsequently, however, the two rivals were reconciled by the personal mediation of Alexander; and Taxiles, after having contributed zealously to the equipment of the fleet on the Hydaspes, was entrusted by the king with the government of the whole territory between that river and the Indus.
Sent 10: A considerable accession of power was granted him after the death of Philip, son of Machatas; and he was allowed to retain his authority at the death of Alexander himself (323 BC), as well as in the subsequent partition of the provinces at Triparadisus, 321 BC.
Sent 11: In the winter of 327/326 BC, Alexander personally led a campaign against these clans; the Aspasioi of Kunar valleys, the Guraeans of the Guraeus valley, and the Assakenoi of the Swat and Buner valleys.
Sent 12: A fierce contest ensued with the Aspasioi in which Alexander was wounded in the shoulder by a dart, but eventually the Aspasioi lost.
Sent 13: Alexander then faced the Assakenoi, who fought in the strongholds of Massaga, Ora and Aornos.
Sent 14: The fort of Massaga was reduced only after days of bloody fighting, in which Alexander was wounded seriously in the ankle.
Sent 15: According to Curtius, "Not only did Alexander slaughter the entire population of Massaga, but also did he reduce its buildings to rubble".
Sent 16: A similar slaughter followed at Ora.
Sent 17: In the aftermath of Massaga and Ora, numerous Assakenians fled to the fortress of Aornos.
Sent 18: Alexander followed close behind and captured the strategic hill-fort after four bloody days. 
Question: How did chieftains of some hill clans respond to Alexanders invitation?.
[EX A]:
They refused to submit.

