Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.

[Q]: How do you measure a fluorescent light bulb? It's important to get it right or you might not find what you're looking for. It's easy and works on all fluores... Linear fluorescent light bulbs are measured in two ways length and diameter. The length is measured from the end the pins. The most common sizes in length for T12's and T8's are 12, 15, 18, 24, 36 and 48 inches long. Howerver, T5 light bulbs are metric and standard sizes are not the same as T12 and T8. Some of their common sizes are around 22, 34 and 46 inches. The second measurement is the diameter of the light bulb. Fluorescent tube light bulbs are measured in 1/8 of inch increments. So a T12 light bulb is 12 x 1/8 of an inch, which equals 1 1/2 inches in diameter (T8 equals an inch and T5 equals 5/8 of an inch) length of the wire, and A x is its cross-sectional area. 1. Measure the length of the filament in the bulb: L = _____ m (The resistance of the other wires in the bulb is small enough to be ignored. Use an overhead projector to magnify and measure the filament w/o breaking the bulb.) 2. Now set the multimeter to Ohm measurement and measure the resistance of the cold Physics For Scientists And Engineers (3rd Edition) View more editions Solutions for Chapter 23 Problem 69P. Problem 69P: A lightbulb is 3.0 m from a wall. What are the focal length ... 3449 step-by-step solutions. Also referred to as Maximum Overall Length (MOL). For light bulbs, it measures the length of a light bulb, from the top of the bulb to the bottom of the base or pins and is typically expressed in inches. For light fixtures and ballasts, it applies to the total horizontal length of the item. showed that light containing only wavelengths greater than 530 nm does not suppress melatonin in bright-light conditions.[35] The Question: It would seem there are a few bulbs on the market that possibly meet my requirement yet to be sure I need to measure the colour of the light in a room when using these bulbs. I would like it bright enough to read if possible but also dark enough and with no blue light so we get the benefits of cutting out artificial light. The measure of electrical energy from which electricity billing is determined. For example, a 100-Watt bulb operated for 1000 hours would consume 100 kilowatt hours (100 Watts x 1000 hours = 100 kWh). At a billing rate of $0.10/kWh, this bulb would cost $10.00 (100 kWh x $0.10/kWh) to operate over 1000 hours. There are 3 important factors when choosing a fluorescent tube: 1  The diameter. 2  The length. 3  The colour rendering (see our Colour Temperature and Colour Rendering Index Guide) Sample LED Light Bulb Shape Designations: 1  A Standard household incandescent light bulb shape. 2  B Bulged bulb shape. 3  BT Bulged or Blown Tubular bulb shape. 4  BR Short reflector style light bulb. 5  C Candle or Conical bulb shape. 6  CP Crystalline Pear bulb shape. 7  E Ellipsoidal bulb shape. 8  ER Extended reflector light bulb shape. Bathroom Vanity Lighting. Measure the length of the bathroom mirror (or mirrors). That number will be your limit for the length of vanity bar lights. Many people choose vanities that are about 75 percent the length of the mirror and then mount them centrally. Query: how is the length of af a light bulb measured?
[A]: The length of a light bulb, from the top of the bulb to the bottom of the base or pins and is typically expressed in inches.


[Q]: Injuries to the Lisfranc joint most commonly occur in automobile. accident victims, military personnel, runners, horseback riders, football players and participants of other contact sports, or. something as simple as missing a step on a staircase. stretching of the ligament), patients experience instability of the joint in the middle of the foot. • Fractures. A break in a bone in the Lisfranc joint can be either an avulsion fracture (a small. piece of bone is pulled off) or a break through the bone or bones of the midfoot. • Dislocations. The bones of the Lisfranc joint may be forced from their normal positions. Types of Lisfranc Injuries There are three types of Lisfranc injuries, which sometimes occur together: • Sprains. The Lisfranc ligament and other ligaments on the bottom of the midfoot are stronger than those on the top of the midfoot. Therefore, when they are weakened through a sprain (a Lisfranc Injuries The Lisfranc Joint The Lisfranc joint is the point at which the metatarsal bones (long bones that lead up to the toes) and the tarsal bones (bones in the arch) connect. The Lisfranc ligament is a tough band of tissue that joins two of these bones. This is important for maintaining proper alignment and strength of the joint. How Do Lisfranc Injuries Occur? Injuries to the Lisfranc joint most commonly occur in automobile accident victims, military personnel, runners, horseback riders, football players and participants of other contact sports, or something as simple as missing a step on a staircase. Lisfranc injuries occur as a result of direct or indirect forces to the Lisfranc Injury: Easy to Miss, Hard to Get Over. 2/12/2013. LAS VEGAS, NV - February 12, 2013 - Elite athletes like NFL quarterback Matt Schaub and wide receiver Santonio Holmes had productive seasons ended by the little-known and often overlooked Lisfranc injury, a serious foot injury that few have heard of and no one wants. LISFRANC INJURIES. The Lisfranc Joint. The Lisfranc joint is the point at. which the metatarsal bones. (long bones that lead up to the toes) and the tarsal bones (bones in the. arch) connect.The Lisfranc ligament. is a tough band of tissue that joins. two of these bones. It is important. for maintaining proper alignment. and strength of this joint. Lisfranc joint complex injury can occur as a result of direct or indirect trauma.3,11 Direct trauma occurs when an external force strikes the foot. With indirect trauma, force is transmitted to the stationary foot so that the weight of the body becomes a deforming force by torque, rotation or compression.2,5,7. The Lisfranc joint is the point at which the metatarsal bones (long bones that lead up to the toes) and the tarsal bones (bones in the arch) connect.The Lisfranc ligament is a tough band of tissue that joins two of these bones. It is important for maintaining proper alignment and strength of this joint. How do Lisfranc Injuries Occur? Lisfranc injuries occur as a result of direct or indirect forces to the foot.A direct force often involves something heavy falling on the foot. Indirect force commonly involves twisting the foot.This can happen, for example,when the foot catches on a stirrup while falling from a horse. Types of Lisfranc Injuries There are three types of Lisfranc injuries,which sometimes occur together: • Sprains.The Lisfranc ligament,as well as other ligaments on the bottom of the midfoot,are stronger than the ligaments on the top of the midfoot.Therefore, when they are weakened through (in severe injuries) • Bruising or blistering on the arch—this is an important sign of a Lisfranc injury.Bruising may also occur on the top of the foot. • Abnormal widening of the foot. Diagnosis Lisfranc injuries are sometimes mistaken for ankle sprains, making the diagnostic process very important.To arrive at a diagnosis, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask how the injury occurred.The surgeon will examine the foot and Query: how does a lisfranc injury happen
[A]: Injuries to the Lisfranc joint most commonly occur in automobile accident victims, military personnel, runners, horseback riders, football players and participants of other contact sports, or something as simple as missing a step on a staircase.


[Q]: How long should I keep tax returns? In most cases, you should plan on keeping tax returns along with any supporting documents for a period of at least three years following the date you filed or the due date of your tax return, whichever is later. How to keep your records. There are no rules on how you must keep records. You can keep them on paper, digitally or as part of a software program (like book-keeping software). HMRC can charge you a penalty if your records aren’t accurate, complete and readable. Lost or destroyed records. Try to get copies of as much as you can, eg ask banks for copies of statements, suppliers for duplicate invoice etc. If you may have under-reported income by 25 percent or more, then you'll need to keep tax returns and all related information for six years. When there is substantial activity from a closely held business, or the cost basis records for property or securities sold are unclear, under-reporting income is a real possibility. Still, you'd be surprised at how much you can safely discard. Here is what you should keep and how long you should keep it. Three Years. Keep your federal and state income tax returns and related receipts and statements for at least three years. Keep a 2005 tax return that includes reporting of irregular items until April 2012. So if the IRS hasn't raised any issues about your 2004 tax return by now, then it should be safe to shred and discard it. Seven Years. Keep any tax return and documentation that includes a claim for deducting worthless securities for seven years. There you have it. Check back in a few days and I'll share a few more tips on what to keep indefinitely and how to keep your records organized and safe. In some cases, you may need to hang onto your records longer than three years. For instance, you should plan on keeping tax forms for retirement accounts such as IRAs until seven years after the account is completely wiped out. If you file a claim for a loss of worthless securities or bad debt deduction, you must keep records for seven years. What tax records should I keep? You should keep every tax return and supporting forms. This includes W-2s, 1099s, expense tracking, mileage logs if you itemize and other documents. So why is keeping tax returns for three years important? Keeping tax returns for the three-year time period is tied to the IRS statute of limitations. As a result, you will need to keep your 2008 tax return and related papers until April 2012. It's generally safe to shred and discard it after that (unless a situation described below applies to you). See IRS Publication 552, Recordkeeping for Individuals, for more information. Six Years. You need to keep records if you have to send HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) a Self Assessment tax return. You’ll need your records to fill in your tax return correctly. If HMRC checks your tax return, they may ask for the documents. You must also keep records for business income and outgoings if you’re self-employed. Moneywatch Spotlight. 1  6 things to avoid buying over Labor Day. 2  10 homes that will make you want to dance. 3  The 7 U.S. cities where your money will go the farthest. 4  The top 10 jobs for Americans without college degrees. 5  These are the 5 best and worst U.S. states to grow old. Query: how long do you need to keep tax records in the us
[A]:
you shoul dkeeping tax records for three year.


