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Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
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Patients and their family members often want to know how long a person who has cancer will continue to live. It’s normal to want to be prepared for the future. But predicting how long someone will continue to live is a hard question to answer. And, if they develop uncontrolled symptoms in the last week, they can still receive Palliative Sedation. Is VSED ethical? Is it suicide? It is not suicide. If the goal is to alleviate or prevent suffering, it is considered ethically acceptable for someone who is capable of making an informed decision. VSED must be distinguished from the naturally occurring loss of appetite and interest in food or water that occurs at the end of life. Last Updated: Thursday 14 July 2016 09:58. What is VSED (Voluntary Stopping Eating & Drinking)? This refers to the decision by a patient to stop eating food and drinking liquids when they have a terminal or life-limiting disease, so that their death can be hastened (and therefore their dying will not be prolonged). Withdrawal from friends and family: 1  People often focus inward during the last weeks of life. 2  They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy, such as favorite TV shows, friends, or pets. 3  Caregivers can let the patient know they are there for support. Why would someone stop eating and drinking? We know that up to 35% of patients in hospice programs have severe pain in the final week of life and 25% describe having shortness of breath that is “unbearable”. With such uncontrolled symptoms, they might say “I’m tired of this and I just want to go to sleep and not wakeup”. How long you can get hospice care. 1  You can get hospice care for two 90-day benefit periods, followed by an unlimited number of 60-day benefit periods. 2  You have the right to change your hospice provider once during each benefit period. How long you can get hospice care. Hospice care is for people with a life expectancy of 6 months or less (if the illness runs its normal course). If you live longer than 6 months, you can still get hospice care, as long as the hospice medical director or other hospice doctor recertifies that you’re terminally ill. 1  You can get hospice care for two 90-day benefit periods, followed by an unlimited number of 60-day benefit periods. If your health improves or your illness goes into remission, you may no longer need hospice care. You always have the right to stop hospice care at any time. If you choose to stop hospice care, you'll be asked to sign a form that includes the date your care will end. At the start of each benefit period after the first 90-day period, the hospice medical director or other hospice doctor must recertify that you’re terminally ill, so you can continue to get hospice care. If you live longer than 6 months, you can still get hospice care, as long as the hospice medical director or other hospice doctor recertifies that you’re terminally ill. You can get hospice care for two 90-day benefit periods, followed by an unlimited number of 60-day benefit periods. Query: how long does hospice care last when someone is not eating
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Hospice care is for people with a life expectancy of 6 months or less. If you live longer than 6 months, you can still get hospice care, as long as the hospice medical director or other hospice doctor recertifies that you’re terminally ill.


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There are various places you can go to for an HIV test, including: 1  sexual health or genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics. 2  clinics run by charities like the Terrence Higgins Trust. 3  some GP surgeries. 4  some contraception and young people's clinics. 5  local drug dependency services. 6  an antenatal clinic, if you're pregnant. By six months after infection, most people will turn positive on an antibody test. Because of this, antibody testing isn't appropriate for people who are worried they may have been very recently exposed to HIV or herpes. If this is the case, talk to your doctor about what type of testing may be right for you. The human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV -- causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. You can be infected with HIV for many years and show few if any symptoms before the development of AIDS. However, people who are HIV-infected can transmit the virus to other people. Authors of a study published in 2005 in the Journal of Infectious Disease reported that the highest rate of HIV transmission occurs when an individual is newly infected but does not test positive for HIV. If your first test is done in a testing lab and it’s positive, the lab will conduct the follow-up testing, usually on the same blood sample as the first test. Talk to your health care provider to see what type of HIV test is right for you. If you test negative on an HIV RNA test after two weeks of possibly being exposed, you are very likely HIV-negative. If you test negative on a 4th generation rapid test or lab assay that detects HIV antigens (part of the HIV virus) in addition to antibodies after three or four weeks after possibly being infected, you are very likely HIV-negative. And if you test negative on an antibody test taken 3 months or longer after your last possible risk of possible exposure to HIV, you are likely HIV-negative. The person who gives you your HIV test will have additional information about the test's window period.. For this reason, we recommend that people who are having sex get tested routinely every 3 months. Routine testing is painless and ensures that if you do get infected, you can start treatment right away. If a person has been exposed to HIV, there is a period by which an HIV test cannot deliver an accurate response known as the window period. If a person has been exposed to HIV, there is a period by which an HIV test cannot deliver an accurate response known as the window period. How long do HIV test results take? How are they reported? How long do results take? Rapid HIV tests can give results in 15—60 minutes, or on the same day. ‘Rapid’ refers for the time taken for the results and not the time since exposure that a test can be used. If samples are being sent to another lab, results can take a few days or a few weeks. Rapid blood tests put a pin-prick of blood on a testing strip. This test takes about 15-20 minutes so you can get the results whilst you wait. Some rapid tests also work on oral samples rather than blood. Although they are sometimes called saliva tests this is not accurate. 20-45 days after infection, HIV antibodies can be detected by this type of test RNA tests – show a positive result based on the presence of the virus. These tests are more expensive than antibody tests, so are not offered in as many places. An HIV test can show infection in most people within 3 months (average of 25 days to build HIV antibodies). A 3 month negative test may be repeated at the 6 month point to pick up on the rare situations in >. ... ...risky behavior and that you were not exposed to any HIV-infected fluids. The only way to know for sure whether you have been infected is to get tested. You should wait for 3 months after a possible exposure. Then get an HIVblood test (see Fact Sheet 102 ). You might feel that you have been exposed toHIV by sharing needles, an accident, or unsafe sexual activity. In these cases, talk to your health care provider immediately . Query: how long does it take hiv to show in blood test
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It takes three or four weeks hiv to show in blood test.


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This topic will review the treatment of Wilson disease. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of Wilson disease are discussed separately. (See Wilson disease: Epidemiology and pathogenesis and Wilson disease: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and natural history and Wilson disease: Diagnostic tests.) Serum concentration of copper and of non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper. Most individuals with Wilson disease have a subnormal serum copper concentration that is proportional to the serum ceruloplasmin concentration. Note: Serum copper is low in healthy newborns. But in people with Wilson's disease, copper isn't eliminated properly and instead accumulates, possibly to a life-threatening level. When diagnosed early, Wilson's disease is treatable, and many people with the disorder live normal lives. Wilson's disease care at Mayo Clinic Molecular genetic studies that use DNA from blood cells to search for patterns of differences or similarities, a procedure called haplotype analysis may establish whether a full sibling of an affected patient has Wilson disease, is a carrier of the Wilson disease gene, or is not a carrier. With Wilson disease, the copper builds up in your liver, and it releases the copper directly into your bloodstream. This can cause damage to your brain, kidneys, and eyes. Wilson disease is present at birth, but symptoms usually start between ages 5 and 35. It first attacks the liver, the central nervous system or both. The most characteristic sign is a rusty brown ring around the cornea of the eye. A physical exam and laboratory tests can diagnose it. Treatment is with drugs to remove the extra copper from your body. Wilson disease is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called copper-transporting ATPase 2, which plays a role in the transport of copper from the liver to other parts of the body. A person’s chances of having Wilson disease increase if a health care provider has diagnosed one or both parents with the condition. What are the signs and symptoms of Wilson disease? The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease vary, depending on what organs of the body are affected. Wilson disease is present at birth; however, the signs and symptoms of the disease do not appear until the copper builds up in the liver, the brain, or other organs. When people have signs and symptoms, they usually affect the liver, the central nervous system, or both. Points to Remember. 1  Wilson disease prevents the body from getting rid of extra copper. 2  Wilson disease first attacks the liver, the central nervous system, or both. 3  Anyone with unexplained liver disease or neurologic symptoms with evidence of liver disease should be screened for Wilson disease. WD, Wilson disease. Fromthe1DivisionofGastroenterology,HepatologyandNutrition,TheHospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Paediatrics, Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and 2Department of Medicine. and Surgery, Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Transplant and Immunol-. ogy, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT. Copyright © 2008 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Either the liver or the brain can be harmed first, with signs as early as 4 years, or as late as 70 years of age. 1  Symptoms of liver disease include: 2  Jaundice, which is when the skin or the white part of the eye turns yellow. 3  Fatigue. 4  Loss of appetite. 5  Swelling in the abdomen. 6  Easy bruising. Query: how is wilson's disease treated
answer:

Wilson disease is treated with drugs to remove the extra copper from your body.


