instruction:
Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
question:
Kit Contains: 14 Patches, Committed Quitters Program enrollment form, user's guide, CD and child resistant disposal tray. 21 mg of nicotine delivered over 24 hours. If you smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day, start with Step 1; 10 or less cigarettes per day: Start with Step 2. NicoDerm CQ is a three step program. Wearing patch 6 months may help smokers quit. Those who wore the nicotine patch longer were less likely to smoke, but after a year, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental group. Start with Step 1 (21 mg), wearing one 21 mg patch daily for 4 weeks before moving on to Step 2. Next, wear Step 2 (14 mg) for an additional 2 weeks before moving on to Step 3. Finish by wearing Step 3 (7 mg) for 2 weeks. First thing each morning, apply one fresh patch to clean, dry, hairless skin of the arm, chest, or hip. Apply to a new part of your body each day. After 2 to 3 days, you may apply to a previous spot if there’s no sign of irritation. Before going to sleep, remove the patch and dispose of it safely. How to Use the Habitrol® Patch. 1  Great! 2  By placing a nicotine patch on your skin, you are NOT inhaling the harmful tars, toxins and chemicals found in cigarettes. 3  If you smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day, begin with Step 1. 4  If you smoke less than 10 cigarettes per day, begin with Step 2. you may wear the patch for 16 or 24 hours. if you crave cigarettes when you wake up, wear the patch for 24 hours. if you have vivid dreams or other sleep disturbances, you may remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning In its 2008 guidelines, the U.S. Public Health Service called for more research into the effectiveness of longer-term nicotine replacement therapy. Lerman and her colleagues are now conducting another study in which quitting smokers will wear the patch for an entire year. Health.com: 97 Reasons to quit smoking Stop use and ask a doctor if. 1  skin redness caused by the patch does not go away after four days, or if your skin swells, or you get a rash. 2  irregular heartbeat or palpitations occur. 3  you get symptoms of nicotine overdose, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness and rapid heartbeat. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that people use nicotine-replacement therapies like the patch or nicotine chewing gum for no longer than 12 weeks. After 24 hours, remove the patch you have been wearing. If you remove and apply the patch at about the same time each day, it will help you to remember when to put on a new patch. Choose a different place on your skin to apply the next patch and repeat steps 1 through 5. Do not reapply a patch to a previously used skin site for at least 1 week. Do not leave the patch on for more than 24 hours, because it may irritate your skin and loses strength after 24 hours. Do not wear more than one patch at the same time, and do not cut a patch in half or into smaller pieces to wear. Query: how long to wear step one of nicotine patch
answer:
Wearing one 21 mg nicotine patch daily for 4 weeks in step 1.


question:
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome: 1  Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome: Introduction. 2  Symptoms. 3  Causes. 4  Treatments. 5  Misdiagnosis. 6  Full Contents list. polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal Schmidt Syndrome. DEFINITION. Schmidt syndrome refers to the combination of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) with autoimmune hypothyroidism and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and is part of a larger syndrome known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II or polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II (PAS II). Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy/dysplasia (APECED), autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, Whitaker syndrome, or candidiasis-hypoparathyroidism–Addison's disease syndrome, is a subtype of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome) in which multiple endocrine glands dysfunction as a result of autoimmunity. MedlinePlus (7 links) 1  Encyclopedia: Addison's Disease. 2  Encyclopedia: Autoimmune Disorders. 3  Encyclopedia: Cutaneous Candidiasis. 4  Encyclopedia: Hypoparathyroidism. 5  Health Topic: Addison Disease. 6  Health Topic: Autoimmune Diseases. 7  Health Topic: Endocrine Diseases. Summary Summary. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 is an inherited autoimmune condition that affects many of the body's organs. Symptoms often begin in childhood or adolescence and may include mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison disease. Affected individuals typically have at least two of these features, and many have all three. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 is an autoimmune disorder that affects many hormone-producing glands. This condition is characterized by the presence of Addison's disease along with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes. Affected individuals may also have problems with other endocrine glands. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is caused by defects in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. This gene plays a critical role in the body’s ability to distinguish between its own proteins and cells and those of bacteria and viruses. As a result, the body attacks its own healthy tissue. Myasthenia gravis: Sometimes this disorder can be associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease characterized by weakness and abnormally rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles, with improvement following rest. Treatments for Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome. 1  Treatment depends on which endocrine gland is affected: 2  Pancreatic dysfunction will require insulin. 3  Adrenal dysfunction will require cortisol. 4  Thyroid hormone dysfunction will require thyroid hormone replacement. 5  more treatments...». Query: autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome symptoms
answer:
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities.


question:
Multicellular organisms need organ systems to carry out functions such as: 1  Communication between cells, eg the nervous system and circulatory system. 2  Supplying the cells with nutrients, eg the digestive system. 3  Controlling exchanges with the environment, eg the respiratory system and excretory system. Organisms can consist of one cell to many cells: Simple organisms may be unicellular (consist of one cell) Complex organisms are multicellular(consist of many cells) There are advantages to being multicellular rather than unicellular. These include allowing: The organism to be larger A: Multicellular organisms enjoy several distinct benefits, including a larger size and greater complexity than unicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms include many types of plants and animals while the class of unicellular organisms forms primarily from microorganisms, amoeba and bacteria. The organism to be larger; Cell differentiation (having different types of cells with different functions) The organisms to be more complex; Complexity - Higher tier. Multicellular organisms need specialised organ systems, whereas all the life processes in a unicellular organism take place in that one cell. 1  Multicellular organisms need organ systems to carry out functions such as: 2  Communication between cells, eg the nervous system and circulatory system. Multicellular organisms enjoy several distinct benefits, including a larger size and greater complexity than unicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms include many types of plants and animals... Multicellular organisms enjoy several distinct benefits, including a larger size and greater complexity than unicellular organisms. There are advantages to being multicellular rather than unicellular. 1  These include allowing: 2  The organism to be larger. 3  Cell differentiation (having different types of cells with different functions) 4  The organisms to be more complex. Written By: Multicellular organism, an organism composed of many cells, which are to varying degrees integrated and independent. The development of multicellular organisms is accompanied by cellular specialization and division of labour; cells become efficient in one process and are dependent upon other cells for the necessities of life. The nematode Ascaris lumbricoides is a multicellular organism. Javier Palaus Soler/Ostman Agency Specialization in single-celled organisms exists at the subcellular level; i.e., the basic functions that are divided among the cells, tissues, and organs of the multicellular organism are collected within one cell. Multicellular organisms, as the name implies, have many types of cells, while unicellular organisms contain just one cell each. Both kinds of organisms reproduce through meiosis or mitosis. Multicellular organisms generally form the higher tiers in the web of life. Simple organisms may be unicellular (consist of one cell) Complex organisms are multicellular(consist of many cells) There are advantages to being multicellular rather than unicellular. These include allowing: The organism to be larger; Cell differentiation (having different types of cells with different functions) The organisms to be more complex Simple organisms may be unicellular, consisting of just one cell, while more complex organisms are multicellular. There are two types of cell division. Mitosis is used for growth and repair and produces diploid cells identical to each other and the parent cell. Query: how does a multicellular organism benefit
answer:

Multicellular organisms enjoy several distinct benefits, including a larger size and greater complexity than unicellular organisms. Multicellular organisms include many types of plants and animals while the class of unicellular organisms forms primarily from microorganisms, amoeba and bacteria.


