Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER XVII. 

ARRIVAL AT FORT CUMBERLAND--LETTERS OF WASHINGTON TO HIS FAMILY--PANIC OF DUNBAR--FORTUNES OF DR. HUGH MERCER--TRIUMPH OF THE FRENCH. 

The obsequies of the unfortunate Braddock being finished, the escort continued its retreat with the sick and wounded. Washington, assisted by Dr. Craik, watched with assiduity over his comrades, Orme and Morris. As the horses which bore their litters were nearly knocked up, he despatched messengers to the commander of Fort Cumberland requesting that others might be sent on, and that comfortable quarters might be prepared for the reception of those officers. 

On the 17th, the sad cavalcade reached the fort, and were relieved from the incessant apprehension of pursuit. Here, too, flying reports had preceded them, brought by fugitives from the battle; who, with the disposition usual in such cases to exaggerate, had represented the whole army as massacred. Fearing these reports might reach home, and affect his family, Washington wrote to his mother, and his brother, John Augustine, apprising them of his safety. "The Virginia troops," says he, in a letter to his mother, "showed a good deal of bravery, and were nearly all killed. ... The dastardly behavior of those they called regulars exposed all others, that were ordered to do their duty, to almost certain death; and, at last, in despite of all the efforts of the officers to the contrary, they ran, as sheep pursued by dogs, and it was impossible to rally them." 

To his brother, he writes: "As I have heard, since my arrival at this place, a circumstantial account of my death and dying speech, I take this early opportunity of contradicting the first, and of assuring you that I have not composed the latter. But, by the all-powerful dispensations of Providence, I have been protected beyond all human probability, or expectation; for I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet escaped unhurt, though death was levelling my companions on every side of me! 
1. Where were messengers told to go?
2. And who were they told to see there?
3. What was the message?
4. What the name of the medical person helping Washington?
5. Who were they caring for?
6. What date did the soldiers get to safety?
7. What was the news that others told them?
8. What was the source of this information?
9. Was it wanted that this news reach the home front?
10. Why not?
11. What did he do to make sure they had the correct information?
12. How many times did tell his brother that he had been shot?
13. How many steeds were taken from beneath him?
14. What was happening to his buddies all around him?

Numbered answers:
1. Fort Cumberland
2. The commander.
3. Requesting that quarters be prepared so others might be sent.
4. Dr. Craik
5. Orme and Morris.
6. The 17th.
7. That the entire army was massacred.
8. Fugitives from the battle
9. No.
10. He feared how they might affect his family.
11. He wrote his mother and brother to assure them he was safe.
12. Four.
13. Two.
14. Death was levelling them.


Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Linnaeus' "Species Plantarum" of 1753. Botanical nomenclature is governed by the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" ("ICN"), which replaces the "International Code of Botanical Nomenclature" ("ICBN"). Fossil plants are also covered by the code of nomenclature. 

Within the limits set by that code there is another set of rules, the "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)" which applies to plant cultivars that have been deliberately altered or selected by humans (see cultigen). 

Botanical nomenclature has a long history, going back beyond the period when Latin was the scientific language throughout Europe, to Theophrastus (c. 370–287 BC), Dioscorides (c. 40 – 90 AD) and other Greek writers. Many of these works have come down to us in Latin translations. The principal Latin writer on botany was Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD). From Mediaeval times, Latin became the universal scientific language (lingua franca) in Europe. Most written plant knowledge was the property of monks, particularly Benedictine, and the purpose of those early herbals was primarily medicinal rather than plant science "per se". It would require the invention of the printing press (1450) to make such information more widely available.
1. Is Botanical nomenclature the same as taxonomy?
2. What it taxonomy about?
3. And then what does nomenclature do?
4. Who started it?
5. What was the name of his book?
6. When was it published?
7. Is there a code of nomeclature?
8. What's the abbreviation for its name?
9. What does it stand for?
10. Was there one before it?
11. What was the abbreviation for the name of that one?
12. And what did that stand for?
13. Are fossill plants part of the code?
14. Early nomenclature works were written in which language?
15. Any other?
16. Can you name one of the early writers?
17. How about another?
18. When was he around?
19. Who had the most written plant information in Mediaeval times?
20. Which monks in particular?

Numbered answers:
1. no
2. grouping and classifying plants
3. provides names for the results of this process
4. Linnaeus
5. "Species Plantarum"
6. 1753
7. yes
8. ICN
9. International Code of Nomenclature
10. yes
11. ICBN
12. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
13. yes
14. Latin
15. Greek
16. Theophrastus
17. Dioscorides
18. c. 40 – 90 AD
19. monks
20. Benedictine


Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Oliver is a cat. He has a sister called Spike. Oliver and Spike like to play outside. They chase bugs in the backyard. When they get tired, they sleep in the sun. They don't like to go outside when it is raining. On rainy days Oliver and Spike sit in the window. They watch the rain through the window. Oliver is big and has grey and white fur. His nose is pink. Spike is small and has grey fur. Her nose is the same color as her fur. Spike is round. Oliver is tall. Oliver likes to eat. He worries when there is no food in his bowl. Spike likes to roll in dirt. Sometimes she is smelly. At Christmas time they like to play with the Christmas tree and presents. Oliver climbs the Christmas tree and breaks ornaments. Spike plays with the presents and unwraps them with her claws.
1. who has a sister called spike ?
2. what is oliver ?
3. what do the do in the backyard ?
4. who has a pink nose ?
5. is spike tall ?
6. who is tall ?
7. why does he worry ?
8. who likes dirt ?
9. what does spike do with the presents ?
10. what color is his nose ?
11. do they like to look at rain ?
12. where ?
13. where do they sleep ?
14. why ?
15. who is round ?
16. are spike and Oliver friends ?
17. do they both love christmas ?
18. why ?
19. do they like the rain ?
20. who has gray and white fur ?


Numbered answers:
1. Oliver
2. a cat
3. chase bugs
4. Oliver
5. No
6. Oliver
7. no food
8. Spike
9. play with the Christmas tree and presents
10. pink
11. Yes
12. through the window
13. in the sun
14. They don't like to go outside when it is raining
15. Spike
16. Yes
17. Yes
18. ke to play with the Christmas tree and presents
19. No
20. Oliver