Detailed Instructions: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
See one example below:
Problem: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Solution: 1
Explanation: There is a line in the passage which say 'The aim of this study was...' which suggests that it is talking about a specific aim. Hence, the output should be 1 as this passage has a definite aim.

Problem: This study investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), irradiation, or short-term immunosuppressant therapy could prolong composite tissue allotransplant survival in a swine hind-limb model.', 'Heterotopic hind-limb transplantation was performed in outbred miniature swine. Group I (n=5) was the untreated control. Group II (n=3) received MSCs alone (given on days -1, +3, +7, +14, +21). Group III (n=6) received cyclosporine A (CsA days 0 to +28). Group IV (n=4) received preconditioning irradiation (day -1), BMT (day +1), and CsA (days 0 to +28). Group V (n=5) received irradiation (day -1), BMT (day +1), CsA (days 0 to +28), and MSCs (days +1, +7,+14). The expression and localization of CD4/CD25 T cells and MSCs were assessed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.', 'The allografts survival with MSCs alone revealed a significant prolongation, when compared with the controls (P=0.02). Allografts with CsA treatment exhibited delayed rejection. Irradiation and BMT-CsA treatment revealed no significant allograft survival benefit when compared with the CsA treatment group, but graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was evident. However, combination of MSCs-BMT-CsA treatment demonstrated significant prolongation of allograft survival (>200 days, P<0.001) and no signs of GVHD with the lowest degree of rejection in the allo-skin and interstitial muscle layers. The CD4/CD25 regulatory-like T-cell expression in the circulating blood and allo-skin significantly increased in the MSC-BMT-CsA group. Examination of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled MSCs revealed donor MSC engraftment into the recipient and donor skin and the recipient liver parenchymal tissue.
Solution:
0