Detailed Instructions: Given an abstract, generate a keyword (a noun phrase) that best describes the focus or contribution of the paper. Such keywords can be directly from the given abstract or outside it.
See one example below:
Problem: Abstract: Some patients converted from ventricular fibrillation to organized rhythms by defibrillation - trained ambulance technicians(EMT - Ds) will refibrillate before hospital arrival.The authors analyzed 271 cases of ventricular fibrillation managed by EMT - Ds working without paramedic back - up.Of 111 patients initially converted to organized rhythms, 19(17 % ) refibrillated, 11(58 % ) of whom were reconverted to perfusing rhythms, including nine of 11(82 % ) who had spontaneous pulses prior to refibrillation.Among patients initially converted to organized rhythms, hospital admission rates were lower for patients who refibrillated than for patients who did not(53 % versus 76 % , P = NS), although discharge rates were virtually identical(37 % and 35 % , respectively).Scene - to - hospital transport times were not predictively associated with either the frequency of refibrillation or patient outcome.Defibrillation - trained EMTs can effectively manage refibrillation with additional shocks and are not at a significant disadvantage when paramedic back - up is not available.
Solution: Ventricular Fibrillation
Explanation: This term is directly present in the abstract and it is one of the main topic in it. So can be chosen as the medical subject heading.

Problem: Abstract: A limited clinical trial of Interferon-beta (Human Fibroblast Interferon) in the treatment of advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer was conducted by the National Prostate Cancer Project (NPCP Protocol 2100). Sixteen patients with metastatic prostate cancer who had failed prior hormone therapy were entered into the study. Treatment consisted of 6 X 10(6) units of Interferon-beta intravenously three times per week for 12 weeks. Chills and fever were seen in ten of the 16 patients (62.5%), and mild hematologic toxicity occurred in four patients. No complete or partial responses were observed. Three patients had stable disease by NPCP criteria for a mean duration of 6.3 months. Progression of disease was seen in 13 of the 16 patients, eight of whom progressed during therapy. The results of this study suggest that Interferon-beta has limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Solution:
Drug Evaluation