Negative Ion vs. Positive Ion
Both positive and negative ions occur naturally in the air and they also exist in our bodies. These ions enter our body through the lungs (inhalation) as well as through the skin, and then they travel through the blood and lymphatic systems to the cells throughout the body.

Positive ions are also called “Free Radicals”; they steal electrons from healthy cells to neutralize their own charge, causing cellular damage. Positive ions are highly reactive and the damaged cells are associated with the degenerative aging process, which then cause premature aging.

Negative ions on the other hand, neutralize free radicals, which revitalize cell metabolism and enhance immune function. They balance the autonomic nervous system and purify the blood. Negative ions can relax the body and mind, promote deep sleep and also enhance recovery from physical exhaustion, that makes one feel refreshed and invigorated.

Generally speaking, positive ions are harmful to the human body, while negative ions are beneficial.

How RADD2 Repair and Rejuvenate Cells
Cell potential is the voltage difference between the interior and exterior of a cell (Vexterior-Vinterior). For a healthy cell, its potential should be between 70 mV to 90 mV. Once it fall below 70mV, nutrient, oxygen, and H2O cannot get in; waste and carbon dioxide cannot get out; and too much sodium and hydrogen stay inside the cell. It becomes an unhealthy cell. The lower is the cell potential, the worse. Cell potential of an aged cell is around 50 mV and a cancer cell is about 15 mV.

RADD2 creates a Negative-Potential energy field to cause ionization and generate a very large amount of negative ions inside human body. Negative Ions stimulate the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase to enhance Na+/K+ pump and to maintain the cell potential at 70 – 90 mV. Such, nutrient, oxygen, and H2O can get in and waste and carbon dioxide can get out to make the cells healthy. That’s how RADD2 can repair and rejuvenate cells.

Negative ions are beneficial to human body in four major ways:
Reprinted from “Economy Daily News” – January 30, 2002

* stimulate the reticulo-endothelial system, a group of defense cells in our bodies that marshal our resistance to disease.
* Act on our capacity to absorb and utilize oxygen. Negative ions in the bloodstream accelerate the delivery of oxygen to our cells and tissues.
* Speed up oxidation of seratonin (5-hydroxtryptamine) in the blood. This is well known to have far reaching effects on mood, pain relief and sexual drive.

(Note: Seratonin – The chemistry of Well-Being, a neurotransmitter that helps maintain a “happy feeling” and keep our moods under control by helping with sleep, calming anxiety, and relieving depression)

Researches conducted in Japan
Dr. Tomoh Tsubushi, a medical professor at Tokyo Metropolitan University and sports medicine specialist, has closely followed negative ion research. In 1997, he concluded from his own studies that when negative ion therapy was applied after exercise, it quickly normalized blood pressure, reduced serum serotonin levels, and accelerated recovery time from exhaustion. In 2000, his paper on the beneficial effects of negative ions on the human body was published in Shuki no Kenkyu, a Japanese scientific journal.