Indefinite-lived intangible assets

  
Other Intangible AssetsInformation about other intangible assets is as follows as of the dates indicated: 

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|   | As of December 31, |
|   | 2021 |  | 2020 |
|   | CarryingValue |  | AccumulatedAmortization |  | Net OtherIntangibleAssets |  | CarryingValue |  | AccumulatedAmortization |  | Net OtherIntangibleAssets |
| Customer related | $ | 617.4  |  |  | $ | (329.7) |  |  | $ | 287.7  |  |  | $ | 519.5  |  |  | $ | (306.2) |  |  | $ | 213.3  |  |
| Contract based (1) | 420.3  |  |  | (76.5) |  |  | 343.8  |  |  | 432.0  |  |  | (51.0) |  |  | 381.0  |  |
| Technology based  | 121.7  |  |  | (39.5) |  |  | 82.2  |  |  | 117.6  |  |  | (22.3) |  |  | 95.3  |  |
| Marketing related  | 10.3  |  |  | (4.8) |  |  | 5.5  |  |  | 10.1  |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | 6.6  |  |
| Total | $ | 1,169.7  |  |  | $ | (450.5) |  |  | $ | 719.2  |  |  | $ | 1,079.2  |  |  | $ | (383.0) |  |  | $ | 696.2  |  |

(1)As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, contract based intangibles included $12.1 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets.  
Total amortization of other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $88.9 million, $73.9 million and $62.2 million, respectively.Other intangible assets that have finite lives, including customer related, contract based, technology based and marketing related, are amortized over their useful lives. The estimated amortization of other intangible assets with finite lives for the next five years and thereafter is as follows: 

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Year | Amount |
| 2022 | $ | 98.1  |  |
| 2023 | 97.9  |  |
| 2024 | 93.8  |  |
| 2025 | 89.6  |  |
| 2026 | 78.4  |  |
| Thereafter | 249.3  |  |
| Total other intangible assets with finite lives | $ | 707.1  |  |

  
17. ReservesShort Duration ContractsContinuing Business (Global Lifestyle and Global Housing) The Company’s short duration contracts include products and services within the Global Lifestyle and Global Housing segments. The main product lines for Global Lifestyle include extended service contracts, vehicle service contracts, mobile device protection and credit insurance, and for Global Housing the main product lines include lender-placed homeowners and flood, Multifamily Housing and manufactured housing. Total IBNR reserves are determined by subtracting case basis incurred losses from the ultimate loss and loss adjustment expense estimates. Ultimate loss and loss adjustment expenses are estimated utilizing generally accepted actuarial loss reserving methods. The reserving methods employed by the Company include the Chain Ladder, Munich Chain Ladder and Bornhuetter-Ferguson methods. Reportable catastrophe losses are analyzed and reserved for separately using a frequency and severity approach. The methods involve aggregating paid and case-incurred loss data by accident quarter (or accident year) and accident age for each product grouping. As the data ages, loss development factors are calculated that measure emerging claim development patterns between reporting periods. By selecting loss development factors indicative of remaining development, known losses are projected to an ultimate incurred basis for each accident period. The underlying premise of the Chain Ladder method is that future claims development is best estimated using past claims development, whereas the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method employs a combination of past claims development and an estimate of ultimate losses based on an expected loss ratio. The Munich Chain Ladder method takes into account the correlations between paid and incurred development in projecting future development factors and is typically more applicable to products experiencing greater variability in incurred to paid ratios. F-50
