Crossing of the Rhine
{'<entity_0>': 'Crossing of the Rhine', '<entity_1>': 'Migration Period', '<entity_2>': '31 December 0406', '<entity_3>': 'Rhine'}
[['Crossing of the Rhine', 'location', 'Rhine'], ['Crossing of the Rhine', 'part of', 'Migration Period'], ['Crossing of the Rhine', 'start time', '31 December 0406'], ['Crossing of the Rhine', 'end time', '31 December 0406']]
The <entity_0> by a mixed group of barbarians which included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on the last day of the year 406 (<entity_2>, 406). Therefore, the crossing of the <entity_3> is a marker date in the <entity_1> during which various Germanic tribes moved westward and southward from southern Scandinavia and northern Germania. Several written accounts document the crossing, supplemented by the time line of Prosper of Aquitaine, which gives a firm date of <entity_2> 406 in his year-by-year chronicle: "In the sixth consulship of Arcadius and Probus, Vandals and Alans came into the Gauls, having crossed the <entity_3>, on the day before the kalends of January." His conclusion was that a date for the mid-winter crossing of the <entity_3> of <entity_2> 405 offers a more coherent chronology of events in Belgica, Gaul and Britannia. Kulikowski noted a contradiction between Prosper's date and the assertions made by a fragment of Olympiodorus of Thebes, Zosimus's New History (vi.3.1) and Orosius that the <entity_3> crossing and the presence of barbarians in Gaul provoked the usurpation of Marcus in Britannia: the latter occurred in the course of 406, thus preceded the <entity_2> 406 date, and therefore the <entity_3> crossing must have happened earlier. Kulikowski's proposed date of <entity_2> 405 places the acclamation of the first of the usurpers in Britannia, which was characterised as a fearful reaction to the barbarian presence in Gaul, after the crossing of the <entity_3>.
['military operation', 'human migration']