Maltese cross
{'<entity_0>': 'Maltese cross', '<entity_1>': 'cross', '<entity_2>': 'crosses in heraldry', '<entity_3>': 'symbol'}
[['Maltese cross', 'instance of', 'symbol'], ['Maltese cross', 'subclass of', 'cross'], ['Maltese cross', 'instance of', 'crosses in heraldry']]
The <entity_0> is a <entity_1>, consisting of four "V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic <entity_1> variant which developed from earlier forms of eight-pointed <entity_2> in the 16th century. Unicode defines a character named "<entity_0>" in the Dingbats range at code point U+2720 (✠); however, the code point is usually rendered as a <entity_1> pattée. Eight-pointed <entity_2> appear on coins minted by the Grand Masters of the order, first shown as a bolsini-type <entity_1> embroidered on the left arm of the robe of the kneeling Grand Master on the obverse of a coin minted under Foulques de Villaret (r. 1305–1319) In 1489, the statutes of the order require all knights of Malta to wear "the white <entity_1> with eight points". The <entity_0> as defined by the constitution of the Order of St. John remains the <entity_3> of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, of the Order of Saint John and its allied orders, of the Venerable Order of Saint John, and of their various service organisations. The vessel classification society for the United States, the American Bureau of Shipping, will assign the <entity_0> <entity_3> to vessels and offshore units for which the hull construction and/or the manufacture of its machinery and components and any associated required testing, as applicable, is carried out under ABS survey. These also incorporated the <entity_0> into their logos: On the National Rail network, tickets marked with a <entity_0> are valid for travel on London Underground, Docklands Light Railway and Thameslink between two London Terminals, allowing passengers to make journeys that <entity_1> London. Eight-pointed <entity_2> were adopted for use by the French <entity_1> of Saint Lazarus in the mid-16th century. A variant of the <entity_0>, with three V-shaped arms instead of four, was used as the funnel <entity_3> of the Hamburg Atlantic Line and their successors German Atlantic Line and Hanseatic Tours in 1958–1973 and 1991–1997. Other <entity_2> with spreading limbs are often mistakenly called "Maltese", especially the <entity_1> pattée. The royal warrant which created the Victoria Cross prescribed a <entity_0>, but the medal has always in fact been a <entity_1> pattée. The official <entity_3> of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity is the <entity_1> pattée, though the organization's founder thought it was a <entity_0> when the organization was formed in 1865.
['national symbol', 'symbol', 'crosses in heraldry', 'ordinary cross']