Marshall Plan
{'<entity_0>': 'United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration', '<entity_1>': 'European Recovery Program', '<entity_2>': 'Mutual Security Act', '<entity_3>': 'The Marshall Plan', '<entity_4>': 'George Marshall', '<entity_5>': 'United States of America', '<entity_6>': 'Marshall Plan'}
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<entity_3> (officially the <entity_1>, ERP) was an American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe. The <entity_5> provided similar aid programs in Asia, but they were not part of the <entity_6>. The initiative was named after <entity_5> Secretary of State <entity_4>. In 1951 the <entity_6> was largely replaced by the <entity_2>. <entity_3> was replaced by the <entity_2> at the end of 1951; that new plan gave away about $7.5 billion annually until 1961 when it was replaced by another program. The region's trade flows had been thoroughly disrupted; millions were in refugee camps living on aid from the <entity_5>, which was provided by the <entity_0> and other agencies. Much of the <entity_6> aid would be used by the Europeans to buy manufactured goods and raw materials from the <entity_5> and Canada. <entity_3> aid was mostly used for goods from the <entity_5>. At the time the <entity_5> was a significant oil producing nation — one of the goals of the <entity_6> was for Europe to use oil in place of coal, but the Europeans wanted to buy crude oil and use the <entity_6> funds to build refineries instead. The table below shows <entity_6> aid by country and year (in millions of dollars) from <entity_3> Fifty Years Later. Prior to passing and enacting the <entity_6>, President Truman and <entity_4> started a domestic overhaul of public opinion from coast to coast. <entity_3> grants were provided at a rate that was not much higher in terms of flow than the previous <entity_0> aid and represented less than 3% of the combined national income of the recipient countries between 1948 and 1951, which would mean an increase in GDP growth of only 0.3%.
['public policy', 'Act of Congress (United States)', 'Act of Congress in the United States', 'software']