Roman–Parthian War of 161–166
{'<entity_0>': 'Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', '<entity_1>': 'Kingdom of Armenia', '<entity_2>': 'Mesopotamia', '<entity_3>': 'Parthian Empire', '<entity_4>': 'Osroene', '<entity_5>': 'Roman Empire', '<entity_6>': 'Medes', '<entity_7>': 'Syria', '<entity_8>': '166', '<entity_9>': '161', '<entity_10>': 'war'}
[['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'end time', '166'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'start time', '161'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Kingdom of Armenia'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'instance of', 'war'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'participant', 'Parthian Empire'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'participant', 'Roman Empire'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Osroene'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Mesopotamia'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Roman Empire'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Syria'], ['Roman–Parthian War of 161–166', 'location', 'Medes']]
The <entity_0> (also called the Parthian War of Lucius Verus) was fought between the <entity_5> and Parthian Empires over <entity_1> and Upper <entity_2>. It concluded in <entity_8> after the Romans made successful campaigns into lower <entity_2> and <entity_6> and sacked Ctesiphon, a Parthian capital. Vologases entered the <entity_1> (then a <entity_5> client state), expelled its king and installed his own—Pacorus, an <entity_3> like himself. It was an apt reference (Pompey's <entity_10> had taken him to <entity_1>), and may have had some impact on the decision to send Lucius to the eastern front. Over the winter of <entity_9>–62, as more bad news arrived—a rebellion was brewing in <entity_7>—it was decided that Lucius should direct the Parthian <entity_10> in person. One reason for Lucius' reticence may have been the collapse of Parthian negotiations after the <entity_5> conquest of <entity_1>. Occupied <entity_1> was reconstructed on <entity_5> terms. A new king was installed: a <entity_5> senator of consular rank and <entity_3> descent, C. Iulius Sohaemus. In 163, while Statius Priscus was occupied in <entity_1>, the Parthians intervened in <entity_4>, a <entity_5> client in upper <entity_2>, just east of <entity_7>, with its capital at Edessa. On the evidence of Lucian, the Parthians still held the southern, <entity_5> bank of the Euphrates (in <entity_7>) as late as 163 (he refers to a battle at Sura, which is on the southern side of the river). Soon after the conquest of the north bank of the Euphrates, other <entity_5> forces moved on <entity_4> from <entity_1>, taking Anthemusia, a town south-west of Edessa. In 165, <entity_5> forces, perhaps led by Martius Verus and the V Macedonica, moved on <entity_2>. Cassius' army returned to the field in <entity_8>, crossing over the Tigris into <entity_6>. The forces that advanced on <entity_4> were led by M. Claudius Fronto, an Asian provincial of Greek descent who had led I Minervia in <entity_1> under Priscus. Nisibis on the upper Euphrates remained in <entity_5> hands for several decades after the end of the <entity_10>.
['war']