carnism
{'<entity_0>': 'meat', '<entity_1>': 'Melanie Joy', '<entity_2>': 'speciesism', '<entity_3>': 'ideology', '<entity_4>': 'carnism'}
[['carnism', 'discoverer or inventor', 'Melanie Joy'], ['carnism', 'instance of', 'ideology'], ['carnism', 'named after', 'meat'], ['carnism', 'subclass of', 'speciesism']]
<entity_4> is a concept used in discussions of humanity's relation to other animals, defined as a prevailing <entity_3> in which people support the use and consumption of animal products, especially <entity_0>. The term <entity_4> was coined by social psychologist and author <entity_1> in 2001 and popularized by her book Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009). Central to the <entity_3> is the acceptance of <entity_0>-eating as "natural", "normal", "necessary", and (sometimes) "nice", known as the "Four Ns". In 2001 psychologist and animal rights advocate <entity_1> coined the term <entity_4> for a form of <entity_2> that she argues underpins using animals for food, and particularly killing them for <entity_0>. Joy compares <entity_4> to patriarchy, arguing that both are dominant normative ideologies that go unrecognized because of their ubiquity: We don't see <entity_0> eating as we do vegetarianism – as a choice, based on a set of assumptions about animals, our world, and ourselves. Sandra Mahlke argues that <entity_4> is the "central crux of <entity_2>" because the eating of <entity_0> motivates ideological justification for other forms of animal exploitation. Abolitionist Gary Francione argues against this that <entity_4> is not a hidden <entity_3>, but a conscious choice; in his view some animals are viewed as food and others family because humans regard non-humans as property, and they may value that property as they please.
['ideology']