effective altruism
{'<entity_0>': 'effective altruism', '<entity_1>': 'Effective Altruism', '<entity_2>': 'William MacAskill', '<entity_3>': 'social movement', '<entity_4>': 'utilitarianism', '<entity_5>': 'Peter Singer', '<entity_6>': 'Toby Ord', '<entity_7>': '2009'}
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<entity_0> is a philosophy and <entity_3> that advocates using evidence and reasoning to determine the most effective ways to benefit others:4–7 Altruism refers to improving the lives of others—as opposed to egoism, which emphasizes only self-interest–5:12 Effectiveness refers to doing the most good with whatever resources are available—as opposed to only doing some amount of good—as well as determining what is the most good by using evidence and reasoning—as opposed to only doing what feels good or appears intuitively appealing–7:12. Philosophers played an important role in creating <entity_0> (see § History of the <entity_3> below), and much of the published literature about <entity_0> poses philosophical questions about why and how to use evidence and reasoning to determine the most effective ways to benefit others, and then tries to figure out the most plausible answers to those questions, so that people can take action on the basis of those answers. For example, the moral theory of consequentialism, including <entity_4>, supports the aim of using resources to benefit others as much as possible, but <entity_0> is not necessarily, as has sometimes been said, the same as consequentialism. GWWC was founded in <entity_7> by <entity_6>, a moral philosopher, who lives on £18,000 ($27,000) per year and donates the remainder of his income to charity. <entity_5> has argued that existential risk should not be "the dominant public face of the <entity_0> movement" as doing so would drastically limit the movement's reach. The movement that came to identify with the name <entity_0> was created in the late 2000s as a community formed around Giving What We Can, founded in <entity_7> by philosopher <entity_6> with help from philosopher <entity_2>, who also co-founded 80,000 Hours in 2011–19 Those two groups, while planning to incorporate as a charity under a new umbrella organization, held a vote in late 2011 to choose a name for the new organization; the name "Centre for <entity_1>" won Ruairí Donnelly set up the "Effective Altruists" Facebook group in November 2012, and the movement gained wider exposure with <entity_5>'s TED talk "The Why and How of <entity_1>" in May 2013. <entity_0> conferences (called <entity_1> Global) have been held since 2013. In 2015, <entity_5> published The Most Good You Can Do, a book on <entity_0>. The book describes the philosophy and <entity_3> of <entity_0> and argues in favor of it. In the same year <entity_2> published his book Doing Good Better: How <entity_1> Can Help You Make a Difference which helped to further popularize the movement.
['social movement']