Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
{'<entity_0>': 'Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', '<entity_1>': 'Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha', '<entity_2>': 'Pyotr Rumyantsev', '<entity_3>': 'Russian Empire', '<entity_4>': 'Ottoman Empire', '<entity_5>': 'peace treaty', '<entity_6>': '21 July 1774', '<entity_7>': 'Kaynardzha', '<entity_8>': 'Bulgaria', '<entity_9>': 'Turkish', '<entity_10>': 'Italian', '<entity_11>': 'Russian'}
[['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'language of work or name', 'Turkish'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'language of work or name', 'Italian'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'language of work or name', 'Russian'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'country', 'Bulgaria'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'participant', 'Ottoman Empire'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'participant', 'Russian Empire'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'signatory', 'Pyotr Rumyantsev'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'signatory', 'Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'point in time', '21 July 1774'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'instance of', 'peace treaty'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'location', 'Kaynardzha'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'start time', '21 July 1774'], ['Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca', 'end time', '21 July 1774']]
The <entity_0> (<entity_9>: Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; <entity_11>: Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a <entity_5> signed on <entity_6>, in Küçük Kaynarca (today <entity_7>, <entity_8>) between the <entity_3> and the <entity_4>, ending the Russo-<entity_9> War of 1768–74 with many concessions to Russia. The Russians were represented by Field-Marshal Count <entity_2> while the Ottoman side was represented by <entity_1>. The Ottoman-<entity_11> War of 1768–74 had opened the era of European preoccupation with the Eastern Question: what would happen to the balance of power as the <entity_4> lost territory and collapsed? Article VIII – Subjects of the <entity_3> have the right to visit Jerusalem and other places deserving of attention in the <entity_4>. Article XXIV – Details plans for a peaceful withdrawal of <entity_11> troops from the lands the Court of Russia has ceded to the Sublime Porte, and a proper turnover of power to <entity_9> troops. The treaty forced the Ottomans to allow the passage of <entity_11> ships through the <entity_9> Straits into the Mediterranean past the sultan's palace in Constantinople, avoiding the lengthy detour previously used. Texts of the treaty are also found in <entity_10> and <entity_11>. Grand Vizier <entity_1> signed <entity_9> and <entity_10> copies of the treaty, while Field Marshal P. A. Rumyantsev signed <entity_11> and <entity_10> texts. <entity_11>, <entity_10>, and <entity_9> are the only three languages in which original copies of the treaty were written, and in case of a divergence between the <entity_11> and <entity_9> texts, the <entity_10> text would prevail. Bernard Lewis suggests that the choice of spelling of <entity_9> words in the <entity_10> version points to a <entity_11> author. Some say yes, some say the articles are too vague to answer the question definitively, and some say the treaty serves an example of "<entity_11> skill and <entity_9> imbecility." If the church was to be called "Russo-Greek" rather than just Greek, it would be more tenable for the <entity_11> government to claim protection of the whole Greek church in the <entity_4>. However, this mistranslation found in the French then English text was a help to <entity_11> pretensions of a right to protect the wider Greek Church in the <entity_4>. It is not in conformity with the <entity_9>, <entity_11>, or <entity_10> texts of the treaty, and may or may not be an innocent mistake, according to Roderic H. Davison. In 1853, the Crimean War would break out over <entity_11> assertion of a right to protect Orthodox Christians in Turkey and the <entity_9> denial that there was any such right.
['commercial treaty', 'peace treaty']