To realize real-time evaluation of human platelet adhesions onto material surfaces with small volumes of human platelet suspensions, we developed an apparatus consisting of a modified cone and plate-type viscometer, combined with an upright epi-fluorescence microscope. The apparatus allowed real-time evaluation of platelet-material interactions and the initial event of thrombus formation, using small platelet suspension volumes (7.5 microL) under shear flow conditions. To study the dynamic behavior of platelet-material interaction, we chose five representative opaque and transparent materials: acrylate resin (AC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvynylchrolide (PVC), glass, and a monolayer of human normal umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (EC) on glass under shear flow conditions. The values of adhesiveness of human platelets to the test materials in descending order were as follows: AC > PTFE > PVC > glass > human EC. Under this new small-scale flow system, we could obtain highly reproducible data, which were comparable with results from a previously developed large-scale flow system. Therefore, the newly developed cone and plate-type rheometer is a useful instrument for testing and screening materials, and allows precise quantitative evaluation of human platelet adhesion.
Blood Platelets Hemorheology