BACKGROUND: The infectious nature of severe early-childhood caries (S-ECC) points to the possible participation of immunologic host responses including neutrophils and their antimicrobial products.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the neutrophil apoptosis, á-defensins (HNP1-3) and calprotectin levels in the saliva of preschool children and the association with S-ECC.METHODS: Oral examinations were performed on 87 children aged 3-5 years and non stimulated whole saliva samples were collected. Thirty of these subjects were considered S-ECC children, 30 with moderate caries (MC) and 27 were caries free (CF). To detect apoptosis, cell staining was done with Annexin-V-Fluos and propidium iodide, and they were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. The concentration of á-defensins and calprotectin were assessed using ELISA.RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between groups considering the HNP1-3 or calprotectin salivary levels (p=0.06 and p=0.23, respectively). The HNP1-3 and calprotectin levels were negatively correlated and the correlation was significant in MC group (p=0.03). Lower levels of apoptotic neutrophils were obtained from CF subjects as compared with S-ECC children (p=0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings establish that apoptotic mechanisms could be implicated in the immunity responses associated with S-ECC. We cannot yet determine if the level of salivary á-defensins or calprotectin is predictive of S-ECC.
Apoptosis Child, Preschool