Unusual guanosine nucleotides guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp, also known as MSI) and guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-monophosphate (ppGp, also known as MSIII) accumulate to high concentrations in wild-type cells of Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation. We reported here that both nucleotides strongly inhibit the activity of enzymes IMP dehydrogenase and adenylosuccinate synthetase, the first enzymes of the guanylate and adenylate biosynthetic pathways. In both cases, ppGP (MSII) is a stronger inhibitor than ppGpp (MSI). On the other hand, these two nucleotides exhibited opposite effects on the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, the enzyme that utilizes phosphoenolpyruvate. At their respective physiological concentrations, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is activated by ppGpp and inhibited by ppGp.
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Enzyme Activation