OBJECTIVE: To establish septic myocardial inhibition rat model by echocardiography.METHODS: Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group and model group according to the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of septic myocardial inhibition was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide, while the control group was given the same volume of saline. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVDd), right ventricular end-systolic diameter (RVDs), heart rate (HR), positive pulmonary artery flow rate and aortic flow rate were measured at 8 hours after model establishment by echocardiography. Then the rats were sacrificed to harvest serum and myocardial tissue. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), nuclear factor-ÊB (NF-ÊB), interleukin-1 (IL-1), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of TNF-á, IL-1 and NF-ÊB in myocardium were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The pathological changes of myocardium were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under light microscope.RESULTS: Compared with control group, myocardial inhibition was obviously observed in model group, manifesting as enlargement of overall shape of heart, and prominent increase of HR (bpm: 449.0±21.1 vs. 356.7±23.3, P < 0.01); left ventricular and right ventricular functions were affected, LVDd, LVDs, LVEDV, LVESV were enlarged [LVDd (mm): 10.03±0.95 vs. 7.04±0.71, LVDs (mm): 5.95±0.71 vs. 3.07±0.05, LVEDV (mL): 2.11±0.53 vs. 0.81±0.21, LVESV (mL): 0.51±0.16 vs. 0.07±0.01, all P < 0.05], LVEF was significantly decreased (0.760±0.046 vs. 0.901±0.025, P < 0.01), RVDd was significantly increased (mm: 4.48±0.58 vs. 3.22±0.20, P < 0.05), and positive pulmonary artery velocity was significantly decreased (cm/s: 64.2±9.3 vs. 89.0±0.8, P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the levels of serum NF-ÊB, TNF-á, IL-1, BNP and cTnI in model group were significantly increased [NF-ÊB (ng/L): 103.84±6.55 vs. 57.29±41.34, TNF-á (ng/L): 1 198.32±164.07 vs. 835.45±24.01, IL-1 (ng/L): 1 089.90±221.96 vs. 746.19±165.83, BNP (ng/L): 1 097.36±293.84 vs. 454.71±197.79, cTnI (ng/L): 6 938.59±1 400.21 vs. 3 731.90±1 349.31, all P < 0.01], the mRNA expressions of TNF-á, NF-ÊB and IL-1 in myocardial tissue were significantly increased (2-ÄÄCT: 1.50±0.42 vs. 0.71±0.40, 1.10±0.17 vs. 0.63±0.06, 1.77±0.67 vs. 0.10±0.03, all P < 0.05). It was shown by HE staining that the structure of myocardial tissue in control group was distinct, the arrangement of myocardial fibers was neat, and transverse was clear; the structure of myocardial tissue in model group was loose, blurred, and the cells were swollen, with obvious pathological changes.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, expression of inflammatory factors, myocardial markers and pathological changes. It was verified that intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg endotoxin could successfully prepare a rat model of septic myocardial inhibition.
Animals Endotoxins