Multiple Choice Questions
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1point for each question)
a. Individual behavior.
b. Human behavior
c. Personality structures
d. All of the above
a. To develop a research question
b. To decide how to proceed with your investigation via a research design
c. To develop a hypothesis
d. To collect the data
a. content analysis
b. participate observation
d. historical analysis
4. Symbolic interactionists view _____ as the primary motivation for human behavior.
a. whether or not action is functional
b. struggles for social and economic resources
c. achieving social solidarity
d. peoplefs definition of the situation
c. symbolic interaction
d. social exchange
6. According to Wright Mills, gissuesh DO NOT
a. originate in the institutional arrangements.
b. spring from events or feelings in a personfs life.
c. originate in the history of a society.
d. affect large numbers of people.
7. Culture includes:
e. all of the above
8. According to Karl Marx, the most important influence on what humans think and how they behave is:
9. Conflict Theory is based on the idea developed by :
a. C. Wright Mills
b. Karl Marx
c. Charles Cooley
d. George Herbert Mead
10. Critics of functionalism argue that it
a. is inherently conservative, given its emphasis on stability.
b. understates the roles of power and conflict in society.
c. is incorrect in its belief that inequality is necessary for the equitable distribution of societal resources.
d. all of these are criticisms of functionalism
11. Functionalist theorists argue that deviance, such as homeless:
a. results from inequality in society.
b. is reinforced through group membership.
c. creates social cohesion and reaffirms norms and values.
d. is a learned behavior.
12. Positivism refers to
a. thinking very optimistically about society.
b. being very certain of onefs research methods.
c. a belief system first suggested by Emile Durkheim.
d. scientific observation and description
13. ______ is the sociologist whose work was influenced by and built upon the work of Karl Marx.
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Auguste Comte
c. George Herbert Mead
d. Max Weber
14. Which of the following emphasizes a micro perspective?
a. functionalism c. symbolic interactionism
b. conflict theory d. all of the above
15. Symbolic interaction theory emphasizes:
a. role of coercion and power.
b. face-to-face contact.
c. the interdependent parts of society
d. class struggles
16. A young man from the Midwest travels to Spain and witnesses the running of the bulls in Pamplona. He concludes that Spaniards are barbarians. This would be an example of:
a. relativist fallacy.
c. cultural relativism.
d. culture shock.
17. The first Ph.D. ever awarded by Harvard to a Black person in any field was earned by sociologist _____.
a.W.E.B. Du Bois
b.Ida B. Wells-Barnett
c. Jane Addams
18. One of the major criticisms of symbolic interaction theory is that
a. it understates the degree of cohesion and stability in society.
b. there is little analysis of inequality, and it overstates the subjective basis of society.
c. it is a conservative view of society that underplays power differences among and between groups.
d. all of the above
19. The research method where researchers collect data by systematically observing people in their natural surroundings is called _______ research.
a. Evaluation Research
b. Historical Analysis
c Participant Observation
d. Content Analysis
20. According to conflict theory, culture
a.serves the interests of powerful groups.
b.creates group identity from diverse cultural meaning.
c. provides coherence and stability to society.
d.is unpredictable and constantly changing.
21. Which of the following statements about culture is INCORRECT?
a. culture is shared among social members.
b. culture is learned.
c. culture is constantly questioned by social members.
d. culture is symbolic.
e. culture varies across time and place.
22. The reflection hypothesis contends that
23. To study peoplefs choices social scientists often take a(n) _______, focusing on individuals social interactions in specific settings.
24. The disadvantages of ______ arise from their rigidity: it makes it difficult to focus in great depth on a few variables and to measure subtle nuances in peoplefs attitudes.
25. According to the text, which of the following is not a step in the research process?
a. analyzing the data
b. duplicating the research design
c. developing a research question
d. developing conclusions
26. Who coined the term, sociology?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. August Comte
c. C. Wright Mills
d. Karl Marx
27. The empirical approach to knowledge requires that conclusions be based on:
28. According to the text diversity is important within sociology because:
29. Marxfs perspective of society argued that:
30. _______ is the process by which sociologists organize collected data to discover the patterns and uniformities that the data reveal.
a. reaching conclusions
b. a research design
c. data analysis
31. Durkheim, Marx and Weber were ________ theorists.
32. gIn todayfs world, we have the technological ability to develop efficient, less-polluting rapid transit, but changing peoplefs transportation habits is difficult.h This statement is an example of _______.
33. ______ refers to the ability to look behind things taken for granted, looking instead to the origins of social behavior.
34. According to the text, an ethnocentric perspective tends to:
35. According to the text which of the following statements about values is TRUE?
36. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
37. According to _________, social order stems from consensus on public values.
38. According to the text which of the following statements about cultural change is TRUE?
39. ____________ viewed society as an entity larger than the sum of its parts and conceived of society as an integrated whole – each part contributing to the overall stability of the system.
40. The following statement on the popularity of hip-hop music among youth is based on _______: gWhether itfs hip-hop, country, or pop, music cultures bind groups together by creating a sense of shared and collective identity. For young people, this makes them feel like part of a generation instead of being completely alienated from an otherwise adult-dominated culture.h
41. In every society, the dominant culture is
42. Research on police officers done by sociologist Peter Moskos is discussed in the text as an example of _____.
43. If research clearly established that gstudy time determines the grades that a student earns,h grades are the _____ variable.
44. When sociologists conduct surveys or engage in participant observation they are gathering _____.
45. According to ___________, society is considered to be socially constructed through human interpretation.
46. Compared to survey research, participant observation creates a greater risk that
47. Controlled experiments are highly focused ways of collecting data and are especially useful for determining _____.
48. __________ used a multidimensional approach to analyzing society, interpreting the economic, cultural, and political organization of society as together shaping social institions and social change.
a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Talcott Parsons
d. Max Weber
e. none of the above
49. ______ may develop in situations where there is political repression and some groups are forced gunderground.h
50. _______ is the complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a given group or society
Answer the following questions. Write as neatly as you can. The answers which are not greadableh will not be graded.
1. Many sociologists argue that todayfs younger generation are more likely to have relaxed attitudes toward gsexh and also experience the first sexual relationship at an earlier age than the gBaby-Boomerh generation. Present two completely different hypotheses that explain why these two generations have different characteristics of norms, values and beliefs toward gsexh by using your gsociological imaginationh.
In order to answer this question, first define the meaning of gsociological imaginationh and then, explain your analysis in two or three sentences each.
a. gsociological imaginationh means:
b. Hypothesis 1:
2. Hu, Winniefs article gAs Food Costs Risec.h is largely based on the idea of Functionalism. Explain how. Your answer has to include the summary of the article and some of the examples that the article presents.
Summary of the article:
The article is largely based on the idea of Functionalism because: