Third and Fourth Generation of a computer with examples.
Third and Fourth Generation of a computer
Examples of Third and Fourth Generation of a computer
advantages of Third and Fourth Generation of a computer
Disadvantages of Third and Fourth Generation of a computer
Third Generation of computer: Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)
The third generation introduced the use of IC in computers. IC stands for integrated circuits. IC’s helped in reducing the size of computers. It made them faster.
Almost all the computers since the mid to late 1960s have utilized the functionality of IC’s. IC’s are still used in today’s computers.
Advantages of third generation computers:
- These computers were cheaper as compared to second generation computers.
- They were fast.
- They were reliable.
- IC reduced the size of commuters.
- Improved performance.
- Big storage capacity.
- Mouse and keyboards were used for input.
- For resource management system Operating system was used.
- They had the concept of time-sharing and multiple programming.
- Computational time reduced from microseconds to nanoseconds.
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Disadvantages of third generation computers:
- It was difficult to maintain the IC’s chips.
- Highly sophisticated technology was needed for IC chips manufacturing.
- Cooling/air conditioning was required.
Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1971-Present)
Fourth generation took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, called CPU. CPU stands for the central processing unit. The microprocessor and integrated circuits helped and made possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop.
Altair 8800, IBM 5100, and Micral are the earliest computers to use a microprocessor. The fourth generation being considered to have ended in 2010.
Advantages of fourth generation computers:
- Fastest in computation.
- Small in size.
- Negligible heat generation.
- Less maintenance was required.
- All high-level languages were used in this generation.
Disadvantages of fourth generation computers:
- Very complex microprocessor design.
- Need for air conditioning.
- Need for advanced technology.
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