tasks involving social interaction for example within healthcare or sales are less easily outsourced or replaced by technology even when they require fairly low skills empirical studies generally find less pronounced effects from globalisation than from technological change but globalisation can have persistent negative effects in affected regions and communities forster and toth eurofound and oecd b a much more diverse picture can be found in european countries with polarisation in some countries eg the netherlands france and germany and upgrading in others with growth mainly in highpaying occupations eg italy portugal and luxembourg up until during the recession years from to polarisation was more widespread across european countries eurofound this development was accompanied by increasing employment shares in highpaying occupations in sweden and denmark and by growth in lowpaying nonroutine service sector occupations in finland and norway goos et al