recycling alone is a single measure and cannot fulfil the overall goal of achieving sufficient services in a society while minimizing levels of environmental impact from materialresources consumption moreover as a first priority alternatives emphasizing reduction are preferable to either recycling or resource circulation the japanese junkan shakai plan launched at national and local community levels stresses communitybased recovery repair by craftsmen use of ecobags and mottainai meaning waste not in japanese embodying a simple life decoupled from material affluence and emphasizing spirituality the experience gained in establishing an international standard for the concept and application of productbased cf or businesssitebased ghg accounting may contribute to monitoring and evaluation of progress and the comparison of the extent of resource circulation and related sustainability