this leads to the benefits of sharing and collaboration a major promise of oer is that the creation and refinement of both learning content and the underlying pedagogical approaches can benefit from the distributed cocreation model enabled by open licenses in principle a rich developer base facilitates the creation of resources tuomi in the early s instructional designers were focusing on the development of reusable learning objects rlo which were defined as any digital resource that can be reused to support learning wiley this recognised the power of open source objectoriented programming and hoped that its use would make the production of highquality learning resources more effective and efficient