the dominant regulatory instruments in poland are these decisions or decisions on the location of public land uses gdesz they are ostensibly similar to development permits but they are detached from any local plans and do not have to conform to higherorder government policies or guidelines apart from selected areas governed either by national infrastructure decisions often accompanied by expropriation or nationally designated highquality agricultural land proposals for decisions on development conditions or decisions on the location of public land uses are bound by only one rule local government may reject them if they do not meet the neighbourhood rule that is if they differ too much from their surroundings this notion however is largely discretionary and landowners often contest rejection decisions