the importance of longterm habitat isolation has also been shown for fungi and lichens on forest remnants in northern sweden where the newly isolated forest remnants had higher species richness for lichens but not for wooddwelling fungi compared to longisolated forest remnants berglund jonsson indicating that lichens on newly isolated forest remnants may suffer future local extinctions whereas the fungi seem to have already adapted to the recent isolation hence the landscape distribution of key habitat elements and the history of forest exploitation as well as the amounts of such habitat elements are important determinants for the longterm survival of forest biodiversity however the value of the forest for biodiversity also varies with sitespecific factors linked to climate productivity or specific terrain or substrate features