while it is rational that countries focus on the development of intranational systems first national or port single windows these systems including related laws and regulations should be designed with crossborder exchange of electronic data and documents in mind in fact as the cost of developing a crossborder enabled system is not expected to be significantly higher than that of a paperless trade system designed for intranational exchange of data and documents less developed countries with no legacy systems may take the opportunity to leapfrog from manual systems to worldleading paperless systems innovations such as blockchain and distributed ledger technology dlt as well as progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence al and the development of the internet of things lot have enormous potential in making international supply chains more transparent and efficient