lack of electricity or belonging to an ethnic group produces twice as high a probability of poverty the high impact of indigenous identity on likelihood of poverty warrants particular attention because it is indicative of exclusion based on a group identity regardless of these groups more limited access to education or to basic sendees as well the higher the level of schooling attained the greater the additional impact in terms of reducing poverty probability this suggests that the impact of a change in an explanatory variable on the probability of being poor depends on the initial value of that probability