in other words the povertyreducing effect of economic growth is weaker in brazil than it is in other countries with similar income levels it is therefore essential to gauge how much weight should be given to each of these strategies both at the regional and state levels the persistence of poverty dynamics in brazil can be examined and estimated by drawing on pooled data and applying ordinary least squares ols based on the withingroup method and the generalized method of moments system gmm a dynamic panel model estimated using the twostep generalized method of moments or twostep gmm developed by blundellbond