a strong policy focus on education and training pays off particularly in the shift from low to highskilled labour demand due to automation in the manufacturing sector new skills and welleducated workers are essential for optimal implementation and operation of new technologies thus policymakers should prioritise and increase public investment in education infrastructure to effectively deal with the challenges of new technology implementation as automation may have negative effects on employment in labourintensive industries special emphasis should be placed on retraining and redeployment measures for workers who have lost their jobs