these interviews also revealed other onfarm risk management practices that were not mentioned in the studies for example dairy farmers had developed emergency plans to deal with major disasters including backup power generating capacities to ensure that milking could continue and product spoilage minimised to address risks of labour availability farmers indicated they were increasing the degree of mechanisation in their operations and developing contingency strategies for unexpected interruptions in the availability of labour including changes in the onfarm enterprise mix thus irrigation and spraying against pests were identified as standard output risk strategies and storage as a typical marketing strategy