analysis conducted by the iea using its data on fossilfuel consumption subsidies in developing countries estimated that a phaseout of these subsidies between and would lead to lower emissions of air pollutants such as s nox and particulate matter which are harmful to public health and the environment ieaopecoecdworld bank recent research by the gsi based on modelling in countries found that the removal of fossilfuel subsidies between now and could lead to average national emission reductions of approximately this research also found that if of the savings from subsidy removal are redirected to renewable energy and energy efficiency the national average emission reduction estimates increase to merrill letal however defining these policies as subsidies is uncommon in the region and crosssubsidies often remain invisible for society at large