access to dialysis treatment or a kidney transplant can be more limited in remote communities because there are no hospitals in proximity to these areas or there may be difficulties in accessing transportation to travel to health services however in aboriginal and torres strait islander people with kidney disease were less likely to receive a functioning kidney transplant than their nonindigenous counterparts compared with aihw b it is estimated there were new cases of endstage kidney disease in australia between and about new cases per population in all age groups up to years more than of cases were treated but the rate fell substantially among older age groups data provided for five jurisdictions suggest the agestandardised ratio of treatment rates between indigenous and nonindigenous australians was indicating that indigenous australians had slightly lower treatment rates aihw between and they were most likely to die from circulatory conditions of all indigenous deaths followed by cancer and external causes such as suicides falls transport accidents and assaults