in contrast concessional finance towards technology is stable following a decline between and still technologyoriented concessional finance is scarce representing only onethird of the amount spent on research and innovation and less than of total concessional finance while nonconcessional and private finance represents a large share of total support towards icts and other technologies greater international efforts using concessional finance could further support people s access to icts and improving digital skills however there are wide discrepancies across countries with core research activities representing onequarter or more of total sti resources in ethiopia and india but less than in indonesia and pakistan in ethiopia kenya and pakistan support towards icts represents less than of total support to sti while more than of sti resources are targeting ict development in indonesia and tanzania the sum of the two charts will exceed total support to sti because of activities contributing to both scienceinnovation and technology