these water challenges contain both environmental eg depletion of local water resources untreated wastewater and economic dimensions eg cost of inaction to catch up with expanding infrastructure needs water losses lack of resilience to floods and in this regard are critical green growth obstacles while there is increasing recognition in particular by the metro cebu development coordinating board mcdcb of the urgent need to tackle these problems in order to ensure the sustainable longterm development of the province this section proposes alternative or complementary policy recommendations to the existing wss strategies following oecd and nonoecd countries and cities experience in this sector however mcwd only serves of the population million residents in its franchise area the remaining population being served by community water associations or private suppliers jica and mcdcb