between january and february universiti sains malaysia received citations per paper with two other malaysian universities universiti malaya and universiti kebangsaan malaysia receiving approximately the same wong and ho this was lower than the other comparison asian universities such as seoul national university and university of hong kong in terms of commercialising of research output usm had three us patents cumulative to compared with seoul national university s and university of hong kong s ibid nationally however penang as a region is a key player in the development of malaysianinvented patents granted by the united states patent and trademark office reviewing malaysian patents by region penang residents invented onethird of all malaysian patents however on examination the bulk of these patents were owned by foreignbased multinational companies wong and ho