this mode continues to be advocated by major donors but it is becoming much more modulated and open to newly recognized stakeholders concerned with ecological impacts dislocation of local people often minorities in the respective countries and other undesirable localized social cultural and economic outcomes that in changing who benefits and who loses challenge the use of social costbenefit analysis to defend largescale projects the mrc region in particular has been able to become open to many more voices in research and at international forums discussing policies and project outcomes this has led to proposals for integrated water resource management iwrm which is now supported by many international donorlender institutions including the asian development bank gwp abdullayev et al