specifically goal recognizes the role cities play in climate change through several targets including targets b c latest data indicates that cities are major contributors to climate change as they account for between and of energy consumption and generate more than of all greenhouse gases emissions waste and air pollution but they are also highly vulnerable to natural disasters the ndcs place an emphasis on climate actions that are mainly connected to urban planning transportation and earlywarning systems in general urbanization features in about of the submitted ndcs out of demonstrating the linkages between urbanization and climate change actions the strong connection between ndcs and sdg is crucial for achieving the agenda and the success of the paris agreement making the two initiatives interdependent