the lack of monitoring andor reporting on pumping in many countries also plays a significant role especially in agriculture different types of monitoring tools can lead to divergent results as observed in the case of irrigation in arizona cohen et al at the same time recharge measurement is very difficult given the differences in situation soil profiles and soil covers and connections with surface water bodies in many cases field crop activities are known to actively participate in the recharging of groundwater even sometimes more significantly than natural ecosystems taylor et al