these genderrelated disparities remain significant even when other differences between men and womenfounded enterprises are controlled for it shows that in the united states as across european countries gender differences in innovation outcomes tend to disappear when less capital and researchintensive forms of innovation are considered the only significant differences between men and womenfounded enterprises relate to expenditure in design software and databases sample means for enterprises where all the owners were men at the startup date men founded and where all the owners were women women founded