in contrast the dominant marketliberal rationality sees human and natural resources as production factors to achieve economic growth as the main pathway toward welfare as noted above such an approach has been associated with adverse social and environmental impacts does the agenda hold the potential for a profound transformation toward a more progressive and rightsbased ecosocial approach that would shift the normative hierarchy for decision making as discussed in chapter many lower and middle income countries object to the c goal especially lowlying small island states that stress the significant risks and impacts they already face at lower levels of global warming