a combination of capacity markets longterm supply contracts and carbon taxes would provide a marketbased framework to ensure that nuclear energy and other dispatchable lowcarbon technologies remain economically sustainable at the current stage of technological development lowcarbon electricity systems will inevitably be based on high shares of variable renewables and nuclear energy hence it is recommended that flexibility resources should be developed based on a systems approach where full costs and interdependencies are recognised this will require increasing the loadfollowing abilities of dispatchable lowcarbon backup including nuclear expanding storage rendering demand more responsive and increasing international interconnections