these results indicate that while poverty has not trended steeply upward in the various states that make up brazil it has been persistent these coefficients were for p and for pexl this means that a rise in mean per capita household income in brazil will translate into a reduction in the poverty headcount index and an drop in the extreme poverty headcount index while for kakwani and pernia this does not constitute propoor growth it does qualify as propoor growth when using the definitions advocated by ravallion and chen since growth has lowered poverty levels