the parties did not agree in paris to forswear the use of some policy tools that are controversial among trading partners three types of tools in particular will be discussed here border carbon adjustment subsidies as green industrial policy and carbon standards and labelling applied to imports it results in a charge on imported goods commensurate with the charge that the producer would have had to bear had the product been produced under domestic climate regulations whether a carbon tax or a requirement to purchase offsets applied to exports it rebates any climaterelated charges imposed on goods that are destined for foreign markets where such charges are not imposed on their producers