for this reason efforts to ensure resilience at the project level should be embedded within a strategic approach to infrastructure network planning that accounts for the direct and indirect effects of climate change and climate variability given the contextspecific nature of climate adaptation the measures used to achieve this will vary widely in some cases no structural changes will be needed to achieve this the climateresilient fibre optic cable may be identical to the one that would have otherwise been installed ecosystembased approaches using natural infrastructure to design adaptation measures are also key alternatives to be considered alongside structural adaptation measures