students and teachers do not learn and teach in a vacuum they learn and teach something there is no tradeoff to be made between learning knowledge and applying processes of learning metacognition and the like because both are fundamental however particular pedagogies may be more appropriate than others for particular types of knowledge and competence areas hence the report also explores questions about pedagogies for particular subjects or competence sets questions about what is worth learning and how best to teach it often lies at the heart of approaches termed innovative innovative approaches are inherently nested to content and may even be based on new content such as robotics dance design or computation