emissions of greenhouse gases ghgs arising from the combustion of fossil fuels have been the main cause of anthropogenic global warming energy use has reached a scale at which planetary boundaries are being breached for a range of essential earthsystem processes including in terms of global warming and biodiversity loss which is likely to lead to catastrophic environmental change rockstrom and others in fossil fuels accounted for per cent of the global primary energy mix while lowcarbon nuclear power accounted for per cent hydroelectricity for per cent and biomass for per cent