in addition development cooperation providers efforts to improve the environmental performance of businesses increasingly involve working through intermediaries such banks business and professional associations and companies with extensive supply chains while this approach may be a necessary and effective way of reaching out to companies especially small and mediumsized enterprises it leads to significant difficulties in monitoring and verifying environmental impacts and outcomes the lack of consistent monitoring is compounded by issues related to attribution of impact and to the establishment of baselines for the analysis efforts to mobilise private investment and work through the private sector should be aligned with local contexts and priorities eg through ndcs and national adaptation plans naps