these initiatives were mostly implemented in the northern part of the country where areas suffer from water shortages especially surface water as groundwater is already overexploited and provided enough experience to launch similar desalination plants in other cities such as arica where the positive consequences in terms of water resource management and territorial planning lowered the pressure on groundwater as well as the contamination levels this experimentation also illustrates the effectiveness of a combination of local government and private companies in financing this kind of initiative on the one hand the basin perspective makes it easier to integrate physical environmental social and economic influences on water resources