mexico s banobras national bank of works and public services and turkey s ilbank bank of provinces are examples of development banks that provide financing to local governments for investment projects and that could be of inspiration to kazakhstan these banks finance public investment in infrastructure and public services that contribute to social development and competitiveness local authorities are accountable only to higherlevel government bodies and do not serve at the will of citizens makhmutova in sngs expenditure accounted for of gdp average in oecd countries and of public expenditure in oecd countries in table