the various strengths and weaknesses identified with these different approaches are also summarised in the table many of which also relate to how stakeholders are engaged overall however some combination of topdown and bottomup governance approaches is likely to be more effective than single approaches de santo et al challenges in effectively engaging stakeholders remain especially in times of for example budget constraints as discussed in de santo an example of how local communities are able to engage in the management of the great barrier reef marine park is provided in box currently placed under the governance of the ministry of ecology sustainable development and energy the french marine protected areas agency is to be integrated into the french agency for biodiversity as of