finally water boundaries cut across places in terms of cities ie when concerning more municipalities in a metropolitan area or hinterland ie the surrounding environment rural areas and watersheds which sustain the major bulk of water demand from cities and where the actual sources of water are often located particular emphasis is put on the most prominent governance mechanisms that can foster effectiveness efficiency and inclusiveness of urban water governance building on the oecd principles on water governance oecd c they relate to vertical and horizontal coordination across policies dedicated metropolitan arrangements and ruralurban partnerships coordination across places and stakeholder engagement coordination across people