it does not capture malnutrition due to low intake of micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins the largest percentage increases were in the middleincome countries where the value of agricultural production more than doubled for both lower middleincome countries from billion to billion and upper middleincome countries from billion to billion however this decline has been reversed since and the value reached billion in for the central asian area excluding the russian federation agricultural production grew at an annual rate of per cent during which was faster than the regional average of per cent and the fastest in the region as a whole for example the average cereal yield in the world was kg per hectare in and reached kg in which was times greater than previously