the most striking example is india which is seen to have the lowest level of labour market insecurity due to unemployment lower than the oecd average but a large proportion of workers in subsistencelevel jobs this methodology discussed in annex a delivers an estimate of upward mobility the probability of transitioning out of low pay and an estimate of downward mobility the probability of transitioning into low pay the two can be combined to derive a measure of the longterm incidence of low pay which can be interpreted as the risk that a random worker in the economy will be in a lowpaying occupation at a given point in time