given the ideological currents of the time that discussion was strongly shaped by an emerging development narrative focused on overcoming market failures seen as endemic in infrastructure provision and requiring government involvement through public utilities power telecommunications water etc infrastructure was again the focus of attention but from an opposing perspective in the s as talk of government failures accompanied the sharp neoliberal policy turn at that time privatization became the instrument of choice to boost efficiency along with measures to enhance private participation in infrastructure provision by making it more profitable this included in a sense coming full circle tying infrastructure to the right business environment to enable participation in global value chains the agenda has once again broadened the debate with a more ambitious infrastructure agenda answering this requires unpacking the term infrastructure to consider the requirements implications and consequences of different types of infrastructure creation