while columns and use gii as a proxy for gender inequality in outcomes column uses gender gaps in education and labour force participation first the exogeneity of income per capita is rejected by the wuhausman test at the level second the two instruments have significant explanatory power on the level of genderbased discrimination in social institutions while they are not correlated with income per capita indeed the correlation coefficient between the cedaw date of ratification and the sigi and income per capita are respectively equal to significant at level and not significant and the correlation coefficient between the percentage of respondents declaring that men make better political leaders than women and the sigi and income per capita are respectively equal to significant at level and not significant