the improvement in the penetration ratios of renewables to fossil fuels coupled with a cost reduction in battery technologies since iea b have further increased the attractiveness of renewable energy sources for mines the experience from the implementation of renewable energy and storage projects such as at degrussa and weipa mines box is expected to contribute to an improved understanding of renewable energy application in industrial use furthermore the digital transformation of the mining sector such as the adoption of smart grids and other internet of thingsbased technologies and the use of advanced analytics and big data have the potential to further improve mines energy efficiency and facilitate the integration of renewables according to estimates there is currently over gw of on and offgrid renewable energy capacity installed through mining companies efforts with more projects in the pipeline energy and mines a