for example a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have pointed to the substantial positive impacts of infrastructure development on economic growth united nations studies have found a unidirectional causality from infrastructure to output growth from to sahoo dash and nataraj additionally a longterm positive impact on economic growth may be obtained by investments in power and telecommunications egert kozluk and sutherland investing in infrastructure also has a multiplier effect as it stimulates other capital investment including in the private sector resulting in further economywide productivity growth and a subsequent improvement of social development in particular by increasing investment infrastructure development contributes to improved mechanisms for reducing ruralurban development gaps it also boosts jobs and raises real wages furthermore a greater focus on social infrastructure investment can enhance access to basic social services especially for the most marginalized and vulnerable groups of communities