taking a close look at the interplay between different public actors involved in water policy making the chapter diagnoses seven major multilevel governance gaps based on selected indicators and data collection from the oecd survey on water governance taking stock of existing principles guidelines indicators indexes and checklists for good governance in the water sector the oecd has designed a framework that identifies seven common multilevel governance gaps these have been used to assess based on selected proxies the relative importance of the different multilevel governance challenges in the water sectors of oecd countries oecd this chapter uses the same framework to appraise the level of territorial and institutional fragmentation in the lac countries covered by this study