more specifically discriminatory social institutions in origin countries may influence womens decision to emigrate in two ways on one hand they can be an additional determinant of emigration stemming from womens need to escape genderspedfic discrimination for example women may migrate to escape sexual violence and abuse single women widows and divorcees may migrate to escape sotial stigma or girls may migrate to escape restrictions on their freedom pressure to marry or to remain chaste until marriage jolly and reeves there is evidence from southeast asia of women migrating in order to escape from involuntary marriages lam and hoang