this suggests that as gdp increases a reduction in the physically and timeintensive tasks of unpaid care work such as collecting water or fuel can be observed for mainly women but this does not lead automatically to a more equitable distribution among household members ferrant pesando and nowacka for a definition of income groups see in ethiopia peru and south africa time use data is available for girls and boys from age ten revealing that tenyearold girls spend on average minutes in unpaid care work compared to minutes for boys of the same age