by providing extensive and internationally comparable information on students skills and their family and community backgrounds pisa offers a unique measure to assess progress towards the sdgs and to analyse inclusion and fairness in education international perspective in this light education systems where a large proportion of yearolds has not learned the basic skills needed to fully participate in society are not considered as sufficiently inclusive first access to schooling can be seen as a precondition for children to benefit from education access is chiefly reflected in school enrolment rates more equitable and inclusive systems succeed in minimising the share of schoolage youth who are not enrolled or are significantly delayed in their progression through school using the innovations developed by the most skilled workers requires a workforce that has acquired at least basic skills