if all regressors are identical the results are identical to those obtained by running separate ols which would yield consistent but less efficient estimators thus the husbands and wifes shares must sum to furthermore the respondents labour force participation may directly affect the amount of time spent in housework for reasons unrelated to bargaining power education can affect a persons outside or fallback options more specifically a wifes education level relative to her husbands socalled education gap may determine her relative bargaining strength in the household however the effect is likely to be nonlinear in that as the gap increases with the husband being more educated so does the relative bargaining power of the husband