this approach from wiggins and keats was based on major case studies with thousands of smallholder participants across africa the aim is to see the extent to which policy instruments align with major smallholders constraints in order to carry out this exercise a questionnaire was sent to the five participant countries asking questions regarding national definition of smallscale agriculture main constraints for accessing markets identified by governments policies aiming at solving those banders among others it is important to note that not all questions were fully addressed by the countries particularly the ones related to how effective the policies have been or which proportion of the programmes is being directed towards smallholders national definition of smallscale agriculture