urban sprawl pollution deficient delivery public services utilities housing gaps and weak intracity connectivity are all problems that derive from the lack of appropriate landuse planning and the implementation of regulation the most urgent need is for urban policy packages promoting efficient use of land for proper allocation of real estate development as well as the provision of efficient public transport ryser and franchini the misallocation of land resources is leading to a shortage of land for sustainable development of a city and its adjacent neighbourhoods the main locallevel actors responsible are direct representatives of the central government