the results indicate that the largest vat contributions amongst the foreignborn subpopulations were made by individuals from other ecowas countries followed by those originating in nonafrican countries and those from nonecowas african countries international aid through the provision of grants related to projects programmes hipc and mdri as well as the liberalisation of trade were important for this achievement quartey et al yet foreign aid may also be a burden on the government of ghana as its overreliance on international financing has increased the country s level of debt niyonkuru taxes on international trade were solely applied to individuals aged and above