by contrast the interaction term with middleincome countries is not significant meaning that for this income group the negative impact of discriminatory social institutions on income is not statistically different than the average impact however the size of the coefficients indicates that the negative effect of genderbased discrimination in social institutions is more detrimental for lowincome countries than for highincome countries similarly in the quintile regressions irrespective of the set of controls included the sigi coefficients are significant in all specifications and decreases with income the richer the country the lower the negative impact of discriminatory social institutions on income