conversely an inability to achieve a wholeofgovernment approach was cited among the top barriers to achieving gender equality by about onequarter of respondents to the oecd survey on national gender frameworks gender public policies and leadership the absence of a coordinated approach in dealing with gender equality issues is often one of the major obstacles to the development and implementation of gender policies in the case of spain for example the gender institution s coordination function involves distinct institutional components johan overall at the horizontal level in oecd countries the most prevalent coordination mechanisms include establishing coordination units at the centre of government developing wholeofgovernment frameworks for gender equality and interministerial groups convened by the central gender institution see figure