this exclusion can have adverse implications for the protection of women in these societies as well as impede longterm resolution of the conflicts during the s at least commonwealth countries were engaged in fullscale conflict including mozambique papua new guinea rwanda sierra leone and uganda with peace agreements reached in most by the early years of the twentyfirst century women played instrumental roles in many of the efforts to bring these conflicts to an end yet in a large number of countries women s substantial efforts were not recognised in formal negotiations and their perspectives and insights were not included in the final peace agreements or in postconflict reconciliation efforts