in the north livestock breeding is developing at a rapid pace and kostanay oblast is the fourth largest beef producer the average household has two to five heads of cattle and other livestock and poultry and production is focused on satisfying their own needs for milk and dairy products selling livestock for slaughter usually occurs due to a need for cash or at the end of the pasture season inadequate conditions for cattle breeding lack of balanced feeding from a nutritional perspective limited veterinary services and insufficient knowledge lack of financial resources and an undeveloped infrastructure are common