a number of these publications centred on nuclear energy others however also included different sources of electric power generation these include climate change assessment of the vulnerability of nuclear power plants and adaptation costs estimation of potential losses due to nuclear accidents measuring employment generated by the nuclear power sector and system costs in deep decarbonisation scenarios the contributions of nuclear energy and renewables both the oecd environment directorate env and the iea have previously worked on external costs see chapter for a detailed bibliography over the past years the european commission ec externe up to and the new energy externalities developments for sustainability the needs studies between and and the paul scherrer institute psi switzerland have been among the most active institutions in the field of externality measurement and are important sources of information and methodological competence