several embs always portugal spain or occasionally greece switzerland included gender considerations in electionrelated legislation regulations andor codes of conduct in switzerland a guide has been published for individuals wishing to launch their candidatures this difficulty has been systematically reported by female members of parliament from a range of countries oecd although societal understandings of familial gender roles are evolving women remain the primary caregivers in many cases low worklife balance may discourage women from highranking leadership positions in politics limiting the candidacy pool