however the national climate change efforts to which parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc have committed themselves in the form of nationally determined contributions ndcs are largely insufficient and only cover one third of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions necessary to reach this temperature goal unep there is still a significant gap between emission levels and a leastcost c pathway amounting to gtc e or even as much as i gtc e taking only unconditional ndcs into account unep global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise albeit at a slower rate and even though the parties must increase the goals of their ndcs overtime it is unlikely that the emissions reductions thus achieved will be sufficient unep