occupational segregation by gender discrimination women s multiple roles as workers mothers and wives lack of access to information networks and to capital account for much of women s disadvantage visavis men zhou and logan gilbertson cultural factors play also an important role to foster this tendency in general women are expected and expect also themselves to earn wages in ways that do not conflict with their family obligations depending on cultural values the welfare of the family and community may have more priority than individual achievement dhaliwal and low zhou and logan