evidence from countries such as france and canada suggests that the share of female doctors tends to be greater in general medicine than in higher paying specialisations like surgery for data for the czech republic refer to and for denmark japan sweden and the united states to in such countries women aged over in were more likely to provide daily informal care than their male peers while in those countries with little social protection which spent less than of their gdp on public ltc women were more likely to be daily carers while cultural factors play an important role in determining gender roles strengthening ltc provisions would help redress the gender imbalance in informal care in many countries