biofuel support policies generate additional demand for feedstocks which translates into higher incomes for crop farmers both in subsidizing and to a lesser degree in other countries but higher costs for downstream industries including livestock farmers and consumers fertiliser policies reduce crop production costs increase yields and result in expanded production resulting in higher incomes for crop farmers in subsidizing countries but lowering incomes for crop farmers abroad in contrast livestock prices are affected only moderately generally higher feed costs resulting from biofuel support policies raise livestock prices slightly fertiliser subsidies where they are applied tend to lower feed costs and hence reduce livestock prices with the exception of the effects of large fertiliser support in india changes to livestock prices remain below by reducing crop production costs in countries that apply fertiliser subsidies they disadvantage crop farmers in other countries