in addition of poor children have a father employed full time full year in compared to in household income is equivalised using the square root scale the term standard of living refers to the equivalised disposable income each bar reflects the contribution of changes in family and work characteristics to the evolution of income and the last white bar shows the percentage change of the income quantile that is not explained by changes in any of the observed household characteristics the contribution is positive resp for instance market income of poor children in twoparent families increased by in twoparent families from to change in educational attainment of parents in these families tended to raise the family income threshold of the poorest children by almost but this effect was offset by the negative effects mainly related to changes in housing status and fathers employment status