this is not only because southsouth migration represents more than of migration stocks flows comparing to southnorth migration ratha and shaw but also because discriminatory social institutions in nonoecd countries are different and more restrictive than those in place in highincome areas such as female genital mutilation early marriage inheritance laws first the empirical analysis adopts a heckman twostep procedure to deal with the high occurrence of null bilateral flows in migration data and the selection process then sls estimators are used to overcome potential endogeneities due to reverse causality and unobservables