this northsouth transfer is already testing the capacity of existing grids to the limit and any expansion of wind capacity will require additional investments in internal transmission in general grid reinforcement and extensions benefits all the players of the electricity market although at different levels when adding significant amounts of new capacity it is therefore difficult to allocate those costs among different market participants in most studies however the reinforcement costs have been determined as the additional investments in the transmission grid after the integration of a given amount of renewable energy in comparison with those required for an equivalent system without renewables