whether or not this land redistribution process had positive results remains unclear significantly the state owns approximately of the land walker and dubb report that of the total land area in south africa is white commercial agricultural land is black mainly communal areas mostly stateowned is nonfarming state areas mainly conservation areas and the remaining is urban zones table walker and dubb the strategic plan for smallholder support spss which is the blue print for support to smallholders proposes the following basic qualitative typology of smallholders sp smallholder producer type smallholders for whom smallholder production is a parttime activity that forms a relatively small part of a multiplelivelihood strategy