since this effect implies a transfer of norms from host to sending country the sign of the correlation is expected to differ according to the discrimination levels in destination countries according to these expected links male and female migration may have the same effect on gender inequality at home with a higher effect of female migration due to the first channel of transmission more precisely the net migration flows by sex and country of origin in are used as dependent variable to distinguish the effect of discriminatory social institutions between female and male emigration subsamples are used