based on responses for the oecd health systems characteristics surveys and the largest number of p p programmes are found in primary care but p p are also spreading to specialists and acute hospitals between the and health systems characteristics surveys three p p schemes were introduced in primary care korea mexico netherlands three to specialist care france korea netherlands and seven to acute care australia france korea new zealand portugal spain sweden oecd health systems characteristics survey oecd paris et al beyond this performancebased payment is also being introduced in more diverse care settings for example longterm care in the united states cms and public health and prevention outside of gp practices such as for delivery of vaccination services or smoking cessation in pharmacies in the united kingdom see box pharmacy services and their payment arrangements are also evolving in australia