however some national studies show that up to per cent of women have experienced physical or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime who there is also a high prevalence of psychological violence against women as per cent of women in the european union have experienced this form of violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime afr as a result significant progress has been made regarding the institutionalization of development and management of public spaces over the past decade several global and local movements have been formed to demand more friendly living areas attainable through public space provision