thus while some countries have achieved inclusive process without significant differences between the groups studied in other cases the gaps have widened mapuche atacameno coya kawa guarani is only language spoken although the predominance of one or other of these factors varies significantly between countries distributive changes are recognized as a key element for empowering the effect of growth on poverty reduction moreover in this period income growth in poor households has mainly come from an increase in labour income per employed person unlike what happens when the longerterm variation is analysed