hence screening should not be seen in isolation attention to the quality of care across the whole pathway of cancer care is needed regarding cardiovascular screening the costeffectiveness of the czech republic s biennial general health check should be assessed and if value for money cannot be convincingly demonstrated disinvestment should occur with funds spent on evidencebased initiatives to reduce smoking obesity and harmful alcohol consumption as for cancer prevention and early diagnosis should not be isolated from a holistic model of care for longterm conditions in particular better secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is needed