promoting such a system from generation to delivery to the end users requires longterm investment in largescale projects it also involves risks and uncertainty and therefore requires detailed planning markard but its provision dramatically increases both economic productivity and quality of life in rural areas access to affordable energy can boost farm productivity because of its uses in pumping water for irrigation mechanization agricultural processing and postharvest storage developing a domestic eneigy industry has multiple benefits because of jobs created in system maintenance and repairs billing and administration and power plant operation and distribution in addition to backward linkages and new domestic markets unctad positive feedback effects are created as energy provision supports transportation and information and communication technologies icts which in turn assist in eneigy generation and distribution the design of transportation systems shapes social transformations and how populations and businesses settle and interact nce atack et al