expenditures on other cash benefits share a positive association with child poverty rates columns and which suggests a reverse causality effect that is countries with higher child poverty rates tend to spend higher amounts on other cash benefits all else being equal concentrating on associations with changes in expenditure on social cash transfers columns to of table d suggest that ceteris paribus many social cash transfers frequently share no real clear and systematic association with changes in relative child poverty rates over time given a certain level of pretransfer child poverty changes in per head spending on unemployment benefits on parental leave benefits on family allowances on incapacity and on other cash benefits share no clear and significant association with changes in the relative child poverty rates