for example as highlighted in chapter the gender pay gap often increases once education is accounted for context specific factors not only women and mens varying levels of education but also related to types of employment hours worked and institutional and policy environments can also make crosscountry comparisons of the unadjusted pay gap difficult household surveys usually include questions for women about decisionmaking at the household level which provide valuable insights into womens voice and agency in their daily lives womens political participation however is currently measured using the percentage of women in national parliaments which does not reveal anything about the impact of womens representation on policy or about womens decisionmaking in other spaces including in local governments or civil society organizations