for instance in pakistan women spend hours on housework and hours on childcare daily while men spend hours on housework and hours on childcare otherwise women s unremunerated productive work will continue to limit their full economic participation which results in their greater uptake of parttime or seasonal work the numerical presence of women across a broad range of decisionmaking forums alone provides only a proxy indicator of the actual influence of female decision makers their influence depends on whether and how they represent issues of strategic importance to women