they note that changes in ocean chemistry may be more important than changes in temperature for the performance and survival of many organisms furthermore climatic impacts on one or a few leverage species may result in sweeping communitylevel changes in turn synergistic effects between climate and other anthropogenic variables particularly fishing pressure will likely exacerbate climateinduced changes indeed in the short term it is often effective management of fish stocks that is needed to return the populations to relative health in the short term kell et al a diversity of healthy stocks may then provide a greater buffer against the impacts of climate change on fish recruitment success and other direct and indirect impacts hilborn et al variation in natural resource systems are expected to occur with increased frequency and increased intensity of shocks such as bleaching events and hurricanes and the degradation and loss of resilience of coral reefs eg associated with ocean acidification hughes et al