an estimated of the total global catch consists of iuu fishing with a value of usj billion borit and olsen the real figures are likely to be higher since iuu data by definition are scarce information on womens roles in iuu is even scarcer kleiber ef al when carried out on an industrial scale on the open seas they rely almost exclusively on labour by men many of whom have been pressed into indentured labour and held on ships as actual or de facto slaves often for years without being allowed off the ship urbina ilo pirate fishing operations in particular are characterized by some of the worst working conditions and there are extensive reports of abuse ejf