thus student engagement is a necessary but not entirely sufficient condition for positive student learning and development students who do not do well are more likely to skip classes or days of school arrive late for school and do less homework than higherperforming students for example students who had skipped an entire school day at least once in the two weeks prior to the pisa test in were almost three times more likely to score at a low level in mathematics than students who did not skip school more than twice as likely after accounting for students socioeconomic status gender immigrant background and attendance at preprimary education