any reform will produce some losers it is important to clarify the negative shortterm economic and social effects and how if at all they will be mitigated time and effort invested up front will help ensure successful implementation some formulas allocate rights to fishing firms for an indefinite period others allocate fixed individual rights for a set period and adjust the volume according to annual stock variability either reissuing rights as they expire or buying back surplus rights and issuing additional rights when it comes to sequential fisheries ie fisheries that target the same stock at different times different places and different growth stages institutional arrangements to maximise the overall use of the resource eg in french crab fisheries combining several management tools in particular access regulation and technical measures can be useful