emerging oceanbased industries and activities are characterised by the key role played by cuttingedge science and technology in their operations they include offshore wind tidal and wave energy offshore extraction of oil and gas in deepsea and other extreme locations seabed mining for metals and minerals marine aquaculture marine biotechnology ocean monitoring control and surveillance looking further to the future there are fledgling or as yet unborn industries which could potentially join this category examples are carbon capture and storage ccs and the management of ocean scale protected areas