a group of some fifteen very large grain holdings had also emerged by the mid s which account for a significant part of grain exports from kazakhstan but exact share is difficult to estimate three agroholdings kazexportastyk atamekenagro and alibi became public companies and issued bonds to finance their operations exact data on the sizes of agroholdings are not available however some estimates indicate that the biggest agroholding controls more than million hectares and at least agroholdings operate arable land of more than hectares each