increasingly companies are applying innovative solutions including through the iot cloud computing miniaturization and d printing which will enable more interoperability and flexible industrial processes and autonomous and intelligent manufacturing the physical components of industrial production are being transformed by smart digital networking into cyberphysical systems allowing for the management of production processes in realtime across great distances and customized products it could further enable the transition to a circular economy or industrial economy in which endoflife products are reused remanufactured and recycled