while the undp s gender empowerment measure and the world economic forum s global gender gap index take such factors as accessibility of skilled or highpaid jobs into consideration the indicators used here cover the majority of the elements of the un s gender related development index and the replacement gender inequality index one issue with internationally comparable indicators is that they are insufficient for many purposes because they do not provide information on the sociocultural environment including culture and embedded social relationships malhotra schuler and boender bartlett oxaal and baden ibrahim and alkire for a more detailed discussion of the issue see branisa et al the year men were granted the right to vote is defined as the year where universal suffrage took place meaning all men could vote regardless of their income ethnicity or any restrictions whereas such a distinction has not been made for women