empirical results from the multivariate analysis are discussed in section v section vi displays estimation of the wellbeing reduction associated with genderbased discriminatory institutions and potential improvements in life satisfaction associated with more gender equal social institutions section vii concludes with some policy implications and directions for future research broadly on the one hand the socalled bottomup approach described by wilson embraces the notion that given basic and universal human needs if a persons circumstances allow him or her to fulfil these needs he or she will be happy