moreover the studies do not examine the relationship between openness and vulnerability to poverty this is because they generally overlook the possible impact of the opening process on households exposure to risk as well the role of trade openness as one of the possible channels of risk vulnerability to poverty fell in viet nam during the doi moi period together with an increased share of its stochastic risk determinant the share of the vulnerable population in the relatively more tradeexposed sectors fell more slowly than in nontraded sectors