these measures can be decomposed to reflect the contribution of subgroup poverty levels eg by ethnicity geographic area to the overall poverty rate they can also be broken down to show the relative contribution of each dimension to the poverty rate within subgroups or within the overall poverty rate the alkirefoster methodology has also been applied to multiple national studies of multidimensional poverty it recognizes that poverty and deprivation may affect children differently to adults however moda differs from both the bristol approach and the existing applications of the alkirefoster method such as the mpi as it distinguishes between the needs of children of different ages early childhood middle childhood and adolescence it acknowledges that different dimensions may be relevant for children at various stages of their life cycle