in the netherlands charges apply to industrial and municipal discharges to state waters they are linked with pollution loads which are computed based on coefficients and converted into population equivalent pe these systems were initially set up to recover the administrative costs of licensing monitoring and enforcement but in recent years incentives for license holders to continuously reduce their discharges to water have become prominent in new south wales a loadbased licensing lbl scheme was introduced in to link license fees to pollutant emissions and to provide incentives to drive down pollution