this makes it difficult to conduct the sorts of longterm investments in human capacities that characterize altruistic growth regimes we see this pressure manifested in figure c where australia canada and the united states are classified as having weak caring spirits and the united kingdom is below the trendline we thus might expect at least for women outside the upper classes who cannot afford to compensate for the absence of the state andor men in social reproduction that female labour force participation is associated with stresses on the production of human capacities