except for botswana this reflects the fact that where commonwealth african countries have been willing to adopt tsms see chapter they have been more willing to do so at the local level often seen as community affairs rather than real politics than at the national level however because they are appointed ministers are a litmus test of political will this is one area in which heads of state who are committed to gender equality have the power to bring about change in a relatively short time span there is no direct correlation between levels of women in parliament and cabinet