however waste volume is minimized at source in less developed countries by local scavenging and recycling applicability or affordability with regards to decisionmaking on indicator systems appears to be central to choosing a set of indicators for the assessment appraisal comparison or monitoring of sustainability in nations or regions cycle economy research or sustainability research units have been established in universities or areawide joint centres in china korea s advanced research institute of science and technology has developed a variety of environmental technologies for integrated waste management