the use of this multidimensional approach to poverty analysis has become consolidated in a number of spheres since the indicators in the human development report of the united nations development programme undp have included the multidimensional poverty index mpi based on a proposal by alkire and santos which combines indicators to reflect deprivations in the three traditional dimensions of human development health education and quality of life in countries see box in chapter i this is considered the first scientific estimate of child poverty in the developing world expert group on poverty statistics rio group