this result is in line with most findings on inequalities in unhealthy lifestyle habits eg smoking physical inactivity unhealthy diet obesity with a range of explanations including health information time preferences and intergenerational transmissions in contrast for women the social gradient is reverse in particular for hazardous drinking women with higher education who end up taking betterpaid jobs involving higher degrees of responsibility may drink more heavily because they have more stress and more frequent occasions of socializing and going out with colleague besides these occasions being typically in masculine work environment they are confronted to higher limits of drinking comruelle et al