these benefits arise from the regulating supporting provisioning and cultural services that biodiversity and ecosystems supply ma figure use values refer to benefits derived directly in the form of consumables eg timber fuelwood genetic information tourism and recreation indirectly through nonconsumables eg water purification soil conservation flood protection as well as cultural and spiritual values and option values eg potential future benefits from genetic material nonuse values comprise bequest and existence values while valuing the magnitude of biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits can be resourceintensive it does enable making a case to other stakeholders such as those in finance and agricultural ministries of the size of tradeoffs that are likely to be involved and indeed estimates of the size of biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits suggest that these are considerable for example the worldwide economic value of pollination services provided by insect pollinators was estimated at usd billion per year in gallai et al