thereafter the chapter attempts to integrate a gender perspective into human rights at the international as well regional african levels finally the united nations millennium declaration and the millennium development goals are also examined from a gender perspective ester boserup had argued that the existing development discourse ignored womens contribution to national production she further argued that this was the case as a result of genderbased stereotyping which located women solely within the domestic sphere various colonial and postcolonial governments had systematically bypassed women in the diffusion of new technologies extension services and other productive inputs