figure presents synthetic nrr that are calculated as an unweighted average of nrrs in each month of a tong unemployment spell months at two levels of previous earnings and of average fulltime wages due to benefit ceilings nrr are lower for individuals with aboveaverage earnings and for four stylised family types single persons lone parents oneeamer couples with and without children calculations consider cash incomes excluding for instance employer contributions to health or pension insurance for workers and inkind transfers for the unemployed as well as income taxes and mandatory social security contributions paid by employees where benefit eligibility is subject to behavioural requirements such as active jobsearch or being available for work these requirements are assumed to be met