in the context of international migration gender shapes integration patterns in the destination country hagan franz as well as transnational practices boehm including remittance behaviour de jong and others it also influences reintegration trajectories in the case of return to the migrants country of origin guarnizo surprisingly though die gender approach is rarely applied in studies of migration in die area covered by die former union of soviet socialist republics ussr rather migration is still often perceived by default as a male phenomenon thus gender is an issue rarely taken into account in such studies