however the efforts of regional authorities to make their case at the national level also seem to play a role in funds allocation which may lead to suboptimal outcomes the result is that utility network companies do not have a longterm planning horizon which leads to underinvestment in municipal utility networks the national government and local akimats are promoting the installation of meters for instance the installation of heating meters for housing buildings can be financed at subsidised low interest rates through a government financial vehicle the public utilities development fund fund razvitie jkkh differentiated tariffs charging higher fees to consumers without meters are also increasingly common they provide incentives for homeowners to install meters but their actual impact on metering coverage varies across regions and subsectors eg district heating sewage or water supply