as mentioned previously in this chapter focusing on these raw results is problematic because it ignores the factors affecting student learning that are beyond the teacher s control and may encourage practices like teaching to the test and a narrowing of the curriculum appraisal processes that involve classroom observations are associated with better student outcomes but appraisers need appropriate guidance and instruments in order to conduct them effectively oecd b since the education council of new zealand the professional body for teachers has delivered a professional learning programme on appraisal practices to appraisers and teachers and has made a range of appraisal resources and guidelines available on its website education council of new zealand