the findings are summarized in figure the role of electricity in contributing to economic growth seems to be stronger than that of all other forms of energy as the finding of no causality is less frequent in the former case just per cent in one of the reviews and not at all in the other figure than in the latter figure a direction of causality from electricity to growth or reciprocal causality between them is backed by per cent to per cent of the studies the conservation hypothesis is supported in per cent to per cent