scientists engineers and entrepreneurs characterize energy security as a function of strong energy research and development innovation and technology transfer systems import dependence is a major energy security challenge for about three billion people globally where nations import more than per cent of their oil and petroleum products per cent of transport energy comes from oilbased fuels making it particularly vulnerable with significant impacts on overall mobility and production systems as well as on economic and social stability many developing countries face energy security stresses emanating from low resource endowments a growing energy demandsupply gap high energy intensity and macroeconomic vulnerabilities with binding fiscal constraints the level of uncertainty is much larger compared to dealing with supply disruptions or price manipulations