however to the knowledge of the authors there has not been a systematic attempt to quantify its economic impact and thus other effects will not be discussed further in this chapter for example additional investments in the transmission and distribution infrastructure and thus higher transmission costs may lead to a cheaper generation mix and lower balancing costs thus reducing the two other cost components similarly having a more flexible generation is generally more expensive but allows for a reduction in balancing costs the numerical capabilities of existing tools do not allow such comprehensive calculations and existing power system models can represent only some aspects of the whole system and are therefore able to capture only limited impact groups at once