this chapter examines the various financing instruments and approaches that are available ranging from traditional government budget and donor funding to user fees taxes and fines and payments for ecosystem services among others the chapter concludes with a discussion on the need to develop finance strategies for mpas drawing on examples from different countries this significantly undermines their ability to achieve their management objectives and mpas have therefore sometimes been described as paper parks gelcich et al this holds true when looking only at mpas as well table other sources of finance include user fees fines debt swaps biodiversity prospecting trust funds and donations more novel financing sources either underway or being explored include marine payments for ecosystem services pes marine biodiversity offsets and blue carbon finance