title: 87/516/Euratom, EEC: Council Decision of 28 September 1987 concerning the framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development (1987 to 1991)

text:
24 . 10 . 87                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No L 302 / 1
                                                                       II
                                                (Acts whose publication is not obligatory)
                                                             COUNCIL
                                                           COUNCIL DECISION
                                                            of 28 September 1987
                concerning the framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and
                                                technological development ( 1987 to 1991 )
                                                         ( 87 / 516 / Euratom , EEC )
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,                                   development at Community level in order to strengthen the
                                                                            scientific and technological basis of its industry , thereby
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European                       complementing the activities carried out in the Member
Economic Community , and in particular Article 130Q ( 1 )                   States ;
thereof,
                                                                            Whereas it is necessary to encourage undertakings , including
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European                       small and medium-sized undertakings , research centres and
Atomic Energy Community , and in particular Article 7                       universities in their research and technological development
thereof,                                                                    activities as well as to support their efforts to cooperate with
                                                                            one another ;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (*),
                                                                            Whereas it is recognized that small and medium-sized
Having      regard      to    the    opinion  of the     European           enterprises are able to make a significant contribution to
Parliament ( 2 ),                                                           the innovative process and should play a substantial role
                                                                            in the implementation of Community R & TD , thereby
                                                                            contributing to the improvement of industrial
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
Comittee ( 3 ),
                                                                            competitiveness ; whereas , therefore , particular attention
                                                                            should be paid to the specific needs of such enterprises in
                                                                            order to encourage their access to information , their effective
Having regard to the opinion of the Scientific and Technical                participation in Community programmes and their ability to
Committee ,                                                                 exploit the results of Community research ;
Whereas Article 2 of the Treaty establishing the European                   Whereas it is necessary to promote the overall, harmonious
Economic Community assigns to the Community , inter alia ,                  development of the Community with a view to strengthening
the task of promoting throughout the Community a                            its economic and social cohesion ; whereas it is intended that
harmonious development of economic activities , a                           the implementation of common policies of the Community,
continuous and balanced expansion and an accelerated                        and its strategy for research and technological development ,
raising of the standard of living ;                                         shall contribute to this objective ; whereas a Community
                                                                            framework programme should play its part , along with other
Whereas , in order to encourage the development of the                      Community instruments , in contributing to strengthening
international competitiveness of European industry , it is                  scientific and technological infrastructure and potential
necessary to promote scientific research and technological                  throughout all parts of the Community;
I 1 ) OJ No C 275 , 31 . 10 . 1986 , p. 4 .
( 2 ) OJ No C 7 , 12 . 1 . 1987 , p. 19 .                                   Whereas it is necessary to associate the implementation of the
[ 3 ) OJ No C 333 , 29 . 12 . 1986 , p . 45 .                               Community strategy for science and technology with the
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 2                                Official Journal of the European Communities                                     24 . 10 . 87
completion of the internal market , particularly through               new Member States on 1 January 1987 , to revise the criteria
increased research and development efforts enabling the                governing the selection of Community R&D activities as set
definition of common standards to be applied throughout                out in the Council resolution of 25 July 1983 ;
Europe ; whereas this process will enable undertakings to
take full advantage of the potential of the internal market ;
whereas this strategy should take into account , in particular ,       Whereas the framework programme must be implemented
the implementation of common policies on competition and               through specific programmes developed within each line of
trade ;                                                                activity , the methods , duration and finance deemed
                                                                       necessary being open to a decision at the time of adoption of
                                                                       those programmes ;
Whereas , in order to present as comprehensive an overall
view as possible of its science and technology strategy
undertaken under the Treaties of Rome , the Community                  Whereas it may be appropriate to allow for some of
intends to adopt a multiannual framework programme                     these programmes to take the form of supplementary
laying down the scientific and technical objectives of its             programmes ;
activities , defining their respective priorities , setting out the
main lines of the activities envisaged , estimating the
necessary amount and drawing up detailed rules for financial           Whereas , in the same spirit , provision should be made to
participation by the Community in the programme as a                   allow the specific and supplementary programmes to include
whole and the breakdown of this amount between the                     a Community contribution to research and development
various activities envisaged ; whereas , nevertheless , the            programmes undertaken by several Member States ;
Commission is undertaking autonomous activities under the
Treaty of Paris in the coal and steel sectors which are not
financed by the general budget of the European Communities             Whereas the detailed rules for implementing the framework
and cannot therefore be included            in the framework           programme provided for above should not rule out the
programme ;                                                            possibility of Community cooperation with third countries
                                                                       or international organizations with a view to pursuing
                                                                       the scientific and technical objectives established by the
Whereas on 25 July 1983 the Council adopted a first                    framework programme ;
four-year framework programme 1984 to 1987 to be
reviewed during the course of its execution ; whereas a
five-year period running from 1987 to 1991 appears , in the            Whereas COST activities and those of the Community
light of experience , more appropriate for the second                  should operate in a mutually beneficial way ; whereas COST
framework programme ;                                                  activities could contribute to the implementation of
                                                                       the framework programme and pursue a specific and
                                                                       complementary role by encouraging scientific and technical
Whereas the amount deemed necessary for a multiannual                  cooperation between the Community and the members of
framework programme is the sum of the amounts deemed                   COST by means of research projects of a multilateral
necessary for the specific programmes to be decided on                 character ;
during the reference period ;
                                                                       Whereas it is appropriate for projects carried out in the
Whereas the relationship between the framework                         context of Eureka and specific activities undertaken within
programme and the specific programme leads , in practice , to          the framework programme to operate in a complementary
a time-lag between the reference period of the framework               manner and to their mutual advantage ; whereas it may
programme and the period during which the amount deemed                be necessary in the implementation of the framework
necessary will be committed in the budget ;                            programme to provide for an appropriate Community
                                                                       participation in certain Eureka projects ;
Whereas , owing to this time-lag , there is an amount of 1 084
million ECU to be committed in respect of research                     Whereas it may be appropriate to review customary
programmes already decided on or under way and which                   arrangements for levels of Community contributions to
cannot be included in the amount deemed necessary for the              projects and to consider the use of varying levels of such
framework programme 1987 to 1991 ;                                     contributions , depending inter alia on the nature of the
                                                                       participants , the degree of precompetitiveness of the project
                                                                       and the progress of the research on the one hand , and the
Whereas , for the same reason , it may be expected that part of        available resources on the other ; whereas , if flexibility of this
the amount deemed necessary for the framework programme                type were to prove necessary , the specific programme
1 987 to 1 99 1 , 863 million ECU , will have to be committed in       decisions would set out the provisions governing the level of
the budget after the reference period of the framework                 Community contribution in a manner consistent with the
programme :                                                            optimal achievement of scientific and technical objectives ;
Whereas it proved necessary , in the light of the evolution of         Whereas the adoption of a five-year framework programme
scientific and technical objectives and of the accession of two        does not in any way preclude amendments or additions to the
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No L 302 / 3
programme on the basis of the continually changing scientific       4.      The breakdown of the amount deemed necessary
and technological context ; whereas it is appropriate and            between the activities listed in paragraph 2 is set out in
desirable that the Commission should carry out an                    Annex I.
evaluation of the execution of the programme and a general
review from the third year of execution ;
                                                                     5.     The main lines of the activities envisaged and their
                                                                     scientific and technical objectives are set out in Annex II .
Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee
( CREST ) has been consulted ,
                                                                    "6 .    The selection criteria to be applied in the
                                                                     implementation of the programme are set out in
                                                                     Annex III .
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
                                                                                Article 2
                            Article 1
                                                                     1.     The framework programme shall be implemented
                                                                     through specific programmes developed within each of the
1.     The framework programme for Community activities
                                                                     activities set out in Article 1 ( 2 ). It may also be implemented ,
in the field of research and technological development
                                                                     where appropriate , by supplementary programmes .
( hereinafter referred to as the 'framework programme') shall
cover the period 1987 to 1991 .
                                                                     In implementing the framework programme , provision may
2.     The framework programme shall provide for the                 be made for Community participation in activities
following activities :                                               undertaken by several Member States and for Community
                                                                     cooperation with third countries or international
( 1 ) Quality of life                                                organizations .
( 2 ) Towards a large market and an information and
      communications society                                         2.     Each specific programme shall :
( 3 ) Modernization of industrial sectors
                                                                     — define the detailed rules for implementing it , fix its
( 4 ) Exploitation and optimum use of biological resources               duration and provide for the means deemed necessary ,
( 5 ) Energy
                                                                     — state its precise objectives and provide for an evaluation
( 6 ) Science and technology for development                             of results achieved in relation to these objectives ,
( 7 ) Exploitation of the seabed and use of marine
      resources                                                      — be evaluated in the light of all the selection criteria set out
( 8 ) Improvement of European S / T cooperation .                        in Annex III , which include that of contributing to the
                                                                         strengthening of the economic and social cohesion of the
                                                                         Community ,
3.     Without prejudice to the amount of 1 084
million ECU deemed necessary in respect of research                  — define the rate or rates of the Community's financial
programmes already decided on or under way , the total                   participation .
amount deemed necessary for Community participation in
the achievement of the scientific and technical objectives set
out in Annex II , and therefore the sum to be allocated to           3.     The Council shall define the detailed arrangements
specific programmes to be decided on during that period ,            for the dissemination of knowledge resulting from the
shall be 5 396 million ECU , of which no more than 4 533             programme , in particular in the context of the adoption of
million ECU are deemed necessary to be committed for the             specific programmes .
execution of specific programmes before the end of 1991 .
Of the abovementioned amount of 5 396 million ECU , the
amount deemed necessary for specific programmes to be
                                                                                Article 3
decided on during 1987 to 1991 shall provisionally , and
pending the Council Decision referred to in the third
subparagraph , be fixed at 4 979 million ECU .
                                                                     The detailed rules for financial participation by the
                                                                     Communities in the framework programme as a whole shall
The Council , acting unanimously , will subsequently decide          be those provided for in Article 87 of the Financial
on the addition of the remaining amount of 417 million ECU           Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European
to the amount of 4 979 million ECU .                                 Communities , without prejudice to the charging to the
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 4                            Official Journal of the European Communities                               24 . 10 . 87
budget of any contributions from the Communities to                review , it shall make proposals for the revision of the
national or multinational activities or projects .                 framework programme .
                          Article 4
                                                                   Done at Brussels , 28 September 1987 .
During the third year of execution of the framework
programme the Commission shall assess its progress . It shall                                           For the Council
examine , in particular , whether the objectives , priorities ,
                                                                                The President
activities envisaged and financial resources are still
appropriate to the changing situation . In the light of this                                              B. HAARDER
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                Official Journal of the European Communities                                    No L 302 / 5
                                                                  ANNEX I
                    FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH
                                       AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ( 1987 to 1991 )
                            Breakdown of the amount deemed necessary between the various activities envisaged
                                                                                (million ECU)
             1.      Quality of life                                                                                375
             1.1 .   Health                                                                                80
             1.2 . Radiation protection                                                                       34
             1.3 .   Environment                                                                            261
             2.      Towards a large market and an information and communications society                             2 275
             2.1 . Information technologies                                                               1 600
             2.2 .   Telecommunications                                                                     550
             2.3 . New services of common interest ( including transport )                                  125
             3.      Modernization of industrial sectors                                                                845
             3.1 . Science and technology for manufacturing industry                                        400
             3.2 . Science and technology of advanced materials                                             220
             3.3 . Raw materials and recycling                                                                45
             3.4 . Technical standards , measurement methods and reference materials                        180
             4.      Exploitation and optimum use of biological resources                                               280
             4 . 1 . Biotechnology                                                                          120
             4.2 . Agro-industrial technologies                                                             105
             4.3 . Competitiveness of agriculture and management of agricultural resources                    55
             5.      Energy                                                                                1 173
             5.1 . Fission : nuclear safety                                                                 440
             5.2 .   Controlled thermonuclear fusion                                                        611
             5.3 . Non-nuclear energies and rational use of energy                                          122
             6.      Science and technology for development                                                   80         80
             7.      Exploitation of the sea bed and use of marine resources                                             80
             7.1 . Marine science and technology                                                              50
             7.2 .   Fisheries                                                                                30
             8.      Improvement of European S / T cooperation                                                          288
             8.1 . Stimulation , enhancement and use of human resources                                     180
             8.2 . Use of major installations                                                                 30
             8.3 . Forecasting and assessment and other back-up measures ( including statistics )             23
             8.4 .   Dissemination and utilization of S / T research results                                  55
                                                                                Total             5 396
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                                                                     ANNEX II
                                               FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 1987 to 1991
                                            MAIN LINES OF THE ACTIVITIES ENVISAGED
                                                                        and
                                              SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES
                            1.1 . HEALTH                                    immunity techniques ( applicable to cancer , auto-immune diseases ,
                                                                            infections ), genetic engineering processes aiming at repairing DNA
                                                                            defects ( e.g. in congenital diseases of genetic origin ), and
                                                                            development of diagnostic test kits ( e.g. for AIDS ).
                             A. PURPOSE
                                                                              E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
To contribute to a European concept of the quality of life in those
aspects which are most clearly perceptible to each individual : his
health and all the resources available to maintain it at an optimal         The relationship to other actions ( Eureka ) and with international
level in all Member States .                                                organizations ( Council of Europe , European Office of WHO , ESF )
                                                                            will be maintained and strengthened in all cases where mutual
                                                                            benefit can be expected .
                                                                            Ongoing collaboration with European non-member States as well as
                 B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                             with the USA and Canada will be maintained .
To improve the efficacity of efforts made by the Member States in
overcoming certain categories of important diseases . To improve the
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
use of technological tools and operational resources ; to achieve the
knowledge needed to detect a tendency to certain diseases as early as
possible in order to prevent their incidence .                              It is intended that the coordination of medical and public health
                                                                            research should attain the culmination of its gradually progressive
                                                                            expansion in 1989 , and it might also reach the limits of its
                                                                            managerial capacity , whereas predictive medicine has still to
                                                                            undergo a preparatory and evolution phase .
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Health research is in itself of a very diverse nature . Implementation
methods to coordinate existing activities will by way of concerted          ( ECSC actions in occupational medicine are oriented towards health
action with some reinforcements of the so-called centralized facilities     problems and occupational diseases associated with the specific
where a selected institution is providing a unique service to all other     environments of steelworks , coking plants , and coal and iron
                                                                            mines .)
institutions participating in a defined project . Initiation of new
activities relating to the development of predictive medicine and
novel therapy will essentially be by way of shared-cost actions .
Specific training actions in the field of cancer research will also be
required .
                                                                                1.2 . RADIATION PROTECTION
                    D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
                                                                                A. PURPOSE
The coordination of medical and public health research will be
                                                                            To gain adequate scientific and technical understanding and control
oriented on a priority basis towards the most important health              of radiation risks .
problems common to all Member States . It will include the new
targets 'Cancer' and 'AIDS' and will provide for the continuation of
actions referring to both age-related health problems ( incuding
disabilities ) and to environment- and life-style-related health                             B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
problems . Moreover , it will continue the actions on improvement
and efficient use of health resources , encompassing medical
                                                                            To provide data and methods needed for the prevention and
technology R&D and health services research ( research on health
                                                                            counteraction of harmful effects of ionizing radiation and
care organization and delivery ).
                                                                            radioactivity , and to assess the consequences of radiation accidents .
                                                                            Particular attention will be paid to the evaluation of recent accidents
The development of predictive medicine and novel therapy will               and incidents , and to the lessons which can be learned from
mainly be oriented towards better knowledge of the human genoma ,           them .
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                    Official Journal of the European Communities                                         No L 302 / 7
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                             envisaged that the JRC will contribute in particular to the
                                                                           elaboration and standardization of measurement and analysis
As a logical continuation of programmes executed since 1959 , the          techniques . Shared-cost actions will ensure a coordinated approach
activities will be implemented essentially by shared-cost actions ,        to the solution of common problems and various well defined
with a certain contribution in the form of direct action .                 concerted actions will exploit national research programmes on a
                                                                           European level .
                    D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
R & TD will concentrate on efficient and cost-effective measures to                             D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
control radiation risks ( of natural , medical or industrial origin ), on
research in support of the 'basic safety standards' and their
implementation and on the radiological consequences and                    Research in the area of environmental protection will deal with
preparedness for possible accidents . Inter-comparisons of                 detection , measurement , analysis and monitoring techniques
measurement methods will be performed within the Community .               ( including remote sensing), effects of pollution on health and
                                                                           ecosystems , assessment of chemicals , effects of human activities on
                                                                           environmental quality , study of basic principles of environmental
                                                                           processes and the functioning of ecosystems , waste management ,
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                                                                           development of technologies for the reduction and prevention of
                                                                           pollution and restoration of damaged environments . Remote sensing
Contact will be maintained with international bodies such as the           from space is under rapid development and applications for
IAEA ( International Atomic Energy Agency ), ICRP ( International          environmental protection will receive increased attention .
Commission on Radiological Protection ), ICRU ( International
Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement ) UNSCEAR
( United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic             Research on the cultural heritage will focus on the investigation of
Radiation ).                                                               the mechanisms of deterioration , on establishing methods for
                                                                           damage assessment and prevention , reduction or elimination of the
                                                                           man-made contributions to decay and an investigation of methods
                                                                           for the restoration of irreplaceable cultural objects .
               F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
A temporary increased effort is envisaged to evaluate the                  Research on climatology and natural hazards will focus on efforts to
consequences of recent events and to increase preparedness for             understand the mechanisms which govern the phenomena
future possible accidents .                                                concerned , e.g. by developing powerful models capable of
                                                                           forecasting such phenomena in temporal and spatial scales useful for
                                                                           planning and prevention , by refining our ability to assess impacts
                                                                           upon specified segments of European Community geography,
                                                                           society and economy , and by establishing a sound scientific basis for
                                                                           any preventive or corrective measure .
                        1.3 . ENVIRONMENT
                                                                           Research on major technological hazards will be oriented towards
                                                                           understanding , preventing and mitigating the consequences of large
                              A. PURPOSE                                   chemical / petrochemical accidents .
To generate such scientific knowledge in the fields of environmental
protection , climatology and safety , as is necessary for the              Work on fire safety in buildings of all types will be directed towards
implementation of the Community environment policy and of the              risk analysis , fire development and growth , and damage mitigation
Community consumer protection policy , and for their further               measures .
development ; to contribute also to other relevant Community
policies ( energy , agriculture , industry , aid to developing
countries ).                                                               Research on remote-handling technology will be applied to
                                                                           environments incompatible with or dangerous to man , such as places
                                                                           contaminated by radioactive or biologically active material or
                                                                           subject to extremes of pressure and / or temperature .
                B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
To meet the immediate research requirements , in particular those of       Research on reduction of risks in private life will emphasize
the proposal Fourth Environment Action Programme and of the                protection of consumers against dangerous products , accidents due
current actions in the consumer protection policy , each of which will     to introduction of new technologies and new types of domestic
have also a significant impact an other policies ; and to increase         equipment , special products for the elderly , the disabled , children ,
                                                                           etc .
understanding of long-term problems such as possible climate
variations .
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                                E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
As a logical continuation of a sequence of programmes executed
since 1972 , the activities will be implemented by means of in-house       As in the past , suitable parts of the activity will be integrated in the
research (JRC ), shared-cost actions and concerted actions . It is         COST framework . Where appropriate , coordination with Eureka
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projects will be established . Where feasible , Community activity will        1 . Microelectronics and peripheral technologies
be carried out as in the past in close collaboration with other
international activities , such as UNEP programmes on the                           Work in this sector will have to be addressed primarily to
Mediterranean Sea , the IPCS ( International Programme on                           improving the competitiveness of the Community
Chemical Safety), the World Climate Programme or the WMO                            microelectronics industrial sector so as to enable it to
Global Ozone Project .                                                              provide the IT industry with full system capability through
                                                                                access to up to date functional components and subsystems
                                                                                based in particular on state of the art semiconductor
                                                                                technology . To this end and in support of the development
                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                                        of application systems , it will encompass the provision of
                                                                                the technological capability to design , manufacture and test
Most areas are covered by on-going activities which are continuously                application specific integrated circuits (ASIC ) in a 'system
adapted to new needs and developments .                                             on a chip' concept . Such circuits will range from
                                                                                high-complexity random logic , including several million
                                                                                elementary devices , to very high-speed lower-complexity
Fire safety , remote-handling technology and risks in private life are              circuits capable of operating at up to 5 GHz .
new activities to be explored with a view to defining the needs for
Community R & TD . A phased build-up in the level of activities will                The R&D activities to be pursued include :
be considered in the light of the identified needs .
                                                                                — high-density integrated circuits ,
                                                                                — high-speed integrated circuits ,
( ECSC work on occupational safety is oriented towards problems of
ergonomics , safety and hygiene in the specific environment of                      — multifunction integrated circuits ,
steelworks , coking plants and coal and iron mines .)
                                                                                — peripheral technologies , including magneto-optic and
                                                                                optical mass storage and retrieval systems , non-impact
                                                                                printers , displays , devices incorporating logic elements
                                                                                in conjunction with sensors , transducers and
                                                                                actuators .
               2.1 . INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
                                                                                2 . Information processing systems
                              A. PURPOSE
                                                                                The main objective of this area is to bring together tools and
                                                                                technologies from the hardware and software domains , in
The purpose of this action is to create and develop the necessary
synergies in the IT sector through cooperative precompetitive                       order to enable the design and development of the
research and development projects and related actions .                             information processing systems of the 1990s . Particular
                                                                                attention will be paid to new approaches to systems design
                                                                                which will enable high quality complex systems to be
                                                                                developed efficiently . To develop the methods and tools
                  B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                                    needed , it is imperative that all aspects of the system ( e.g.
                                                                                architecture , interfaces ) are considered while at the same
                                                                                time new technologies like knowledge engineering are
The objectives of the activity are :                                                integrated .
— to contribute to providing the European IT industry with the                      As a consequence , work in this sector will provide the
      basic technologies to meet the competitive requirements of the                capability of producing systems ( of similar complexity to
      1990s ,
                                                                                those produced now ) with a significant increase in designer
— to promote European industrial cooperation in precompetitive                      productivity . For example , the methods and tools
      R & D in IT ,                                                                 developed will provide the mechanism by which the
                                                                                development costs of selected system components ( e.g.
— to contribute to the development of international standards .                     microprocessors , real-time software modules ) will be
                                                                                reduced to 10% of the current development costs .
                                                                                The main R 8c D activities to be pursued fall into four
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                                      complementary sub-areas :
                                                                                — systems design ,
The activity consists of precompetitive R&D projects , carried out
by the collaborative effort of Community undertakings , on a shared                 — knowledge engineering ,
cost basis , and actions in basic research including concerted actions
and accompanying measures .                                                         — advanced systems architectures ,
                                                                                — signal processing .
                      D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
( a ) Research and development projects                                         3 . IT application technologies
       Research and development projects will be carried out in the                 The main objective of this sector is to enhance European
       following three sectors :                                                    capabilities in the integration of IT into systems able to be
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                           No L 302 / 9
           used in a broad range of applications and to validate the         updated work programme leading to public calls for proposals , and
           results in selected , realistic environments .                    building on projects currently being undertaken in these areas .
           The R&D activities to be pursued in IT application
           technologies fall into three complementary sub-areas:             Assessment of concrete technology results and an attempt to measure
                                                                             the impact and industrial application of individual projects will
           — computer integrated manufacturing , including design            be conducted by means of reports from independent technical
               and analysis systems for flexible product development ,       evaluators , who will assist in monitoring the progress on a regular
               logistical and physical control of factory management,        basis .
               robotics systems , integration of material handling
               systems , computer integrated control in process
               industries    and     architecture   and     methods   for
               integration ,
           — integrated          information      systems ,     including
               user-environment analysis and support , system                                   2.2 . TELECOMMUNICATIONS
               engineering, generic communication technologies ,
               integrated office systems , distributed systems and data
               collection and monitoring systems in non-factory
               environments ( e.g. home , laboratory ),                                                    A. PURPOSE
           — IT application support systems , addressing the
               integration of basic IT components into subsystems ,          Cooperation of network operators and industry in advanced
               including work-stations , storage and processing              telecommunications technologies at the precompetitive and
               subsystems , local network systems and user-interfacing       prenormative level .
               subsystems .
      Throughout the three abovementioned sectors , a limited                                B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
      number of technology integration projects of strategic
      importance to European industry will be undertaken .
                                                                             The main action in this field is to make a major contribution to
                                                                             the objective of the 'Introduction of integrated broadband
( b ) Actions in basic research                                              communication ( IBC ) taking into account the evolving ISDN and
                                                                             national introduction strategies , progressing to Community-wide
      The envisaged actions in basic research aim at providing a             services by 1995 '.
      Community dimension to research work in selected areas of
      long lead-time . The actions shall , in particular , encourage         The thrust of this action is towards establishing on the world
      highly qualified research institutes in IT to become                   market a strong , or even leading , position of the Community
      international in their orientation .
                                                                             telecommunication manufacturing , operating and service industries
                                                                             in integrated and broadband communications ( IBC ) 0 ) on the basis
      The work areas include :                                               of the accelerated development of a strong and competitive
      — molecular electronics ,                                              Community market for telecommunications equipment and
                                                                             services .        ,
      — artificial intelligence and cognitive science ,
      — applications of solid state physics to IT ,
      — system design .                                                        C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                                                                             This activity consists of precompetitive and prenormative R&D
(c ) Accompanying measures                                                   carried out on a shared-cost basis .
      The main objective of the accompanying measures is to provide
      the framework necessary to make optimum use of the R&D
      activities undertaken in the ESPRIT programme and related                                   D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
      activities .
                                                                             Summary of areas
                                                                             — Part I: IB C development and implementation strategies
       E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COLLABORATIVE                                     1 . IBC reference model (continuation of RDP work )
                                  ACTIONS
                                                                                2 . System analyses and functional specification
                                                                                3 . Implementation and planning support
Accompanying measures include the coordination between
Community , Member States and international actions in or relevant           — Part II: IBC technologies
to information technology .
                                                                                1 . Enabling and supporting IBC technologies
                                                                                2 . Communication software technologies
                                                                                3 . Basic technologies for IBC Users
                 F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                                     4 . Subsystems and techniques
                                                                             (') Integrated broadband communication refers to the use of advanced
The projects arising from the R&D topics will be starting                        technology to transmit voice , data and images at high speed and at low
progressively over the period of the activity , based on an annually             cost .
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 10                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                             24 . 10 . 87
— Part III: prenormative functional integration                                 1 . better equipment and systems for open and distance
      1.  Customer facilities
                                                                                learning so that Europe's labour force at the various levels
                                                                                can keep abreast of rapidly changing knowledge in all fields
      2.   User access                                                              of economic activity . The aim of this action in concertation
      3.  Network functions
                                                                                with other measures is to increase the possibilities of access
                                                                                to further education and training;
                                                                                2 . enhanced road security and management, with a reduction
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                                                                                of accidents , including deaths on the road , and of the
                                                                                resources wasted thereby , including resources wasted
In drawing up the proposal for this action , special attention has been              through inadequate route and traffic information . A
paid to the relationship with Community actions in the field of                      particular aim of the action in this field is to achieve a
information technologies , so as to make best possible use of the                    substantial reduction of road deaths and an increase in road
generic work done there for IBC . Though not directly related to the                 transport efficiency ;
commercially oriented work in the framework of Eureka , close links
to the telecommunication related projects will be established .
                                                                                3 . more competitive deployment by Europe in the medical and
                                                                                biotechnological fields of the many new techniques
                                                                                available to support medical diagnosis , health care ,
                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                                         treatment , medical records and their analysis , and the
                                                                                investigation of biological structures at molecular level . The
                                                                                aim of this action , together with other measures , is ' to
The action is          conceived    as   an    evolutionary     strategy             increase the productive part of medical care ( that part of the
distinguishing :                                                                     expenditure benefiting the patient as opposed to
                                                                                administrative overheads ).
— Definition phase ( 1985 to 1986 ) to execute initial work as
      required to focus the R&D work of the main programme
      accurately towards future functional requirements of the
      network , terminal area and future applications . It also includes
      the assessment of the technology options of key items ;             ( b ) To initiate Community research activities addressing problems
                                                                                of economic efficiency , safety and environmental acceptability
— Main action ( 1987 to 1992 ) having the objectives :                          of transport , particularly in the fields of track-guided transport ,
                                                                                road traffic, maritime transport and air transport .
       - of developing the technology base for IBC ,
      - of carrying out the precompetitive development necessary for
          the provision of trial equipment and services for IBC                 To establish the extent of need for European cooperative
          demonstration ,                                                       research in the field of aeronautical technology , leading to a
                                                                                common European aeronautical technology requirements plan
      - of supporting the work of CEPT and CCITT in the                         for precompetitive research . Subsequently research would be
          formulation of common proposals for specifications and                initiated on key elements of the plan .
          standards .
2.3 . NEW SERVICES OF COMMON INTEREST ( INCLUDING
                             TRANSPORT)                                     C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                              A. PURPOSE                                  ( a ) The activities related to the integration of IT and broadcasting
                                                                                would ,- essentially , involve industry , academia , publishers ,
( a ) Integration of telecommunications with information                        audio-visual industries , network and broadcasting operators
                                                                                and the national authorities concerned with each field . All
       technology and broadcasting for new applications meeting
       common needs ( in particular open learning , road transport and          activity would be at the precompetitive and prenormative stage .
       management of health care ). In addition , the creation of an            The participation in the financing of these efforts would
       inventory of other possible areas of application .                       concentrate on aspects where public interests or responsibility
                                                                                prevail. The cost would be shared between the Community ,
( b ) To enhance the effectiveness , economy and safety of the                  industry , and national budgets where appropriate . Preliminary
                                                                                stages would include studies of feasibility , evaluation of
       transport systems .
                                                                                technical options and the development of functional
                                                                                specifications , with possible implications for existing or
                                                                                prospective standards .
                  B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
( a ) To promote the utilization of prospective advances in               ( b ) The new activity in the field of transport will be implemented by
       information technology and telecommunications , in order to              means of concerted action to foster synergies between national
       secure :                                                                 efforts . Cost-shared actions will also be necessary to initiale
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No L 302 / 11
      common research in areas where Member States' efforts are                     — maritime transport and shipbuilding : reduction of
      insufficient or must be complemented . Some of the COST                           operating costs by research on automation and
      actions in the field of transport will be included in the                         rationalization of on-board functions and on preventive
      Community programme .                                                             maintenance , traffic management ,
                                                                                — air transport: improvement of advanced techniques for
                                                                                traffic management and control with a view to promoting
                                                                                European harmonization .
                                                                                In the field of aeronautical technology , the activity will
                      D. TECHNICAL CONTENT                                          concentrate on specific projects - still to be selected . Emphasis
                                                                                would be on prenormative research relevant to aeronautical
                                                                                equipment and operations .
( a ) of the activities related to the integration of IT and broadcasting
      for new applications meeting common needs
      1 . The work will concentrate on prenormative efforts . A                 E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
           learning system reference model would be the basis for the
           work on learning technology and for the concertation of
           requirements . Research and development would
           concentrate       on :    the   learner    environment ;    the    ( a ) For the activities related to the integration of IT and
           authoring / tutoring environment , including specialized                 broadcasting:
           authoring languages ; learning programme production ;
           communications ; testing and validation .                                The learning system related work is complementary to
                                                                                COMETT , which seeks to help the design and application of
                                                                                schemes of further training and education in technology , as well
           The action would traverse three time horizons : the first
                                                                                as to promote exchanges of academic and industrial personnel ,
           deploying the technology available now or immediately in                 and to create a network of associations between academia and
           prospect, including the use of the compact disc for local                industry . This action would build on some of the basic and
           storage and the interactivity of video discs ; the second                enabling technologies arising from Community actions in
           taking in the integrated services digital network leading on             information technology and telecommunications . One of the
           to video transmission via wide band , more powerful                      Eureka proposals concerns learning work stations ; the
           personal computers with enhanced image processing and                    companies concerned are taking part in the initial work for this
           memory addressing capability , programme diffusion via                   action .
           direct broadcasting by satellite , and increasingly
           incorporating artificial intelligence , both for learning
           programmes and for the construction and accessing of                     The road safety and management initiative has established a
           learner knowledge bases .                                                close relationship and worksharing agreement with the Eureka
                                                                                project Prometheus , which seeks to bring the car manufacturers
                                                                                together to devise improvements to road safety .
      2 . The key prenormative technological requirements so far
           identified for development or for integration into traffic
           safety and management systems include : human factor               ( b ) For the activities related to transport:
           engineering , dashboard display , standard digital maps and
           network representation , vehicle location , RDS ( road data
           service )    broadcasting ,      cellular   radio ,   infra-red          The work will be closely coordinated with national and
           transmission , standards for traffic message content .                   company programmes and complementary activities , such as
                                                                                Eureka and GARTEUR .
      3 . In the field of medical- and bio-informatics , the main areas
           of prenormative work on : biomedical instrumentation ,             Where appropriate , collaboration with ESA will be developed .
          image processing , signal processing , laboratory equipment
           and patient monitoring , biomedical communications
           systems , fast local area networks for data handling , 'bus'
           standards for connection of instrumentation , standards for
           access to large data banks , advanced information
           processing , including parallel processing , and the use of                        F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
           artificial intelligence .
                                                                              The actions are phased as follows :
( b ) of the activities related to transport
                                                                              ( a ) For the activities related to the integration of IT and
                                                                                broadcasting
      A general research action will be concerned essentially with the
      following topics :
                                                                                The exploratory phase for these actions will be concluded
      — track-guided transport : automation of traffic monitoring                   before the end of 1986 .. During this phase , main actors
          and advanced signalling equipment ,                                       throughout Europe have identified the scope and scale of
                                                                                precompetitive and prenormative work best undertaken on a
      — road traffic : safety and ergonomy of heavy goods vehicles ,                European level and primarily in the public interest or falling
          management and control of urban traffic ,                                 within public responsibility .
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 12                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                         24 . 10 . 87
      A pilot phase could be launched in 1987 with the objective of          C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
      engaging in the conceptual and preparatory work required for
      optimal collaboration in the implementation of the action .          This activity will be implemented primarily by means of shared-cost
                                                                           actions ; where appropriate , concerted actions will be used .
      The main action , including those activities of all three parts
      which are retained and to be implemented , could be launched in
      1988 after the completion of the pilot phase .                                           D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
      In-depth reviews will occur after the exploratory phase and
      before the pilot phase is proposed , during the pilot phase in the   Within the global context of new production technologies and the
                                                                           application of new materials , a variety of multisectoral fields will be
      preparation of the main action and in yearly intervals in the
                                                                           considered , including :
      definition and approval of the work plan .
                                                                           — the reliability of engineering materials , components and
      During the implementation of the main action , the work plain             systems ,
      will be reviewed each year .
                                                                           — advanced design and manufacturing techniques , laser
( b ) For the activities related to transport:                                  technology , joining techniques , application of new technologies
                                                                                in manufacturing processes with special problems (e.g.
      Work on this activity will be built up by a carefully managed             production processes involving the use of flexible materials ),
      sequence of requirement analysis and planning , followed by a             non-destructive testing , online testing and computer-aided
      phased build-up in the level of activity . Substantial work is            testing ,
      likely to extend over a 10-year period .                             — membrane science and technology , catalysis and particle
                                                                                technology .
                                                                             E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
3.1 . SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURING                             Appropriate collaboration will be developed with Eureka and COST
                              INDUSTRY                                     projects .
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                              A. PURPOSE
                                                                           This activity will be amplified in the 1987 to 1991 period to
Research in advanced technologies is an essential element for the          strengthen the developing trend towards transfrontier industrial
competitiveness of manufacturing industry . The Community can              cooperation in a wide range of multisectorial technologies of
assist in accelerating this process by stimulating cooperation in          strategic importance .
research at the precompetitive stage across the frontiers , between
different industry sectors and between industry research institutes
and academic institutions .                                                ( ECSC actions in steel research are oriented towards the
                                                                           improvement of production processes , steel properties , fabrication
                                                                           procedures and product quality .)
                 B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
On the basis of experience obtained and in continuing close
consultation with industry , the programmes will be further focused              3.2 . SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED
                                                                                MATERIALS
on the strategic needs of industry .
The content of the programmes will in particular reflect the
                                                                                A. PURPOSE
technological needs of SMEs . Other methods of including SMEs
more in the process of technological renewal will be developed , such
as demonstration projects and the possibility of giving a European         To contribute to the competitiveness of traditional and new
dimension to cooperative and collective industrial research                industrial sectors in developing high-quality advanced materials , as
schemes .                                                                  well as to contribute to improved processing techniques for
                                                                           manufacturing them .
The industrial relevance of the projects will be ensured by requiring      Another purpose is to increase the level of cooperation beween
industrial partners in all projects and a substantial commitment of        national laboratories of different Member States and , in particular ,
industry's own resources to the projects .                                 to offer the opportunity to laboratories from the smaller Member
                                                                           States to participate actively in a broader material science and
Projects of a multisectoral nature will be encouraged involving a          technology programme . Furthermore , this programme will be
combination of 'users' and 'suppliers'.                                    widely open to SME participation .
Particular emphasis will be laid on the full involvement of industry in
the formulation of detailed programme requirements and priorities                          B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
and on the guarantee of an independent and objective evaluation of
all proposals . These elements are particularly important if the           The prime objective is to ensure that the manufacturing industries of
participation of SMEs is to be maximized .                                 the Community have a better access to a wide range of advanced
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                     Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No L 302 / 13
materials and that these materials are produced by cost-effective                            B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
means and incorporated in high-performance components . The
initial thrust is on engineering ceramics , advanced composites, light      To ensure that the sectors of industry involved in the exploitation of
alloys and magnetic materials . Research on other advanced                  raw materials (mining, metallurgy , wood-using industries) have
materials will be considered in a second phase .                            access to cost-effective means of production. To improve the
                                                                            self-supply potential in raw materials , such as wood , and to increase
                                                                            the rate of recyling .
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
The programme will be carried out in three different ways :                     C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
— the largest part of activities will be devoted to shared-cost             The largest part of activities will be carried out by means of
     action ,
                                                                             shared-cost contracts . Part of the funding will be devoted , however,
                                                                            to coordination activities .
— a small part of the funding will be spent for coordinated activities
     ( COST actions , materials networks ),
— a part of this action will be carried out by direct action .
                                                                                D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
A substantial share of the programme will be directed towards
oriented basic research . Cooperation between universities and               Primary raw materials: research to focus on problems of common
industries will be the general way of implementation .                       interest in exploration (preparing concepts and methods in view of a
                                                                            future revival of exploration activities ), mining technology
                                                                             ( improving the economic viability of existing mines and developing
                                                                             advanced technologies for future mines ) and ore processing ( treating
                     D. TECHNICAL CONTENT                                    complex , lean and refractory ores and ores which contain metals for
                                                                             advanced materials technology ).
Issues of highest relevance are : the creation , development and use of
new materials and the upgrading for more conventional materials to           Recycling: urban , industrial and agricultural waste are included .
a higher level of sophistication . Furthermore , optimization of             Emphasis is on cost-effective recycling techniques . A point of specific
processes in order to produce these new materials in a more                  interest'will be the recovery of special alloys and composites which
competitive way . Fields of interest are as follows : engineering            will find increasing uses in advanced technologies .
ceramics ; polymers and composite materials ; advanced metal alloys ;
magnetic materials ; coating materials and surface processing ;             Forestry and wood products: covering the whole 'wood chain'
electronic materials ; amorphous and disordered materials ; building        .( including cork ) from seed production to final uses of wood and
materials ; bioengineering materials ; microgravity engineering              other forestry products , including aspects such as genetic
materials .                                                                  improvement , tree physiology , protection against pests and
                                                                             pollution ( in line with the proposed forestry action programme),
                                                                            improvement of processing and utilization of wood products .
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                                                                                E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
Appropriate coordination is or will be established with international
initiatives in materials research , such as the relevant COST actions ,
the VAMAS ( Versailles project on advanced materials and                     Several EFTA countries are associated to the relevant programmes
standards ) activities and specific Eureka projects .                       or subprogrammes . Furthermore , a coordination with relevant
                                                                            Eureka projects will be undertaken .
                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
Due to its nature ( oriented basic research in a vital sector for a
modern economy), this activity should increase substantially during          The overall level of activities will remain steady .
the period of the framework programme .
                                                                             3 . 4 . TECHNICAL STANDARDS , MEASUREMENT METHODS
             3.3 . RAW MATERIALS AND RECYCLING                                                 AND REFERENCE MATERIALS
                             A. PURPOSE                                                                  A. PURPOSE
To contribute to the competitiveness of traditional and new                 Uniform standards applicable throughout the Community are a key
industrial sectors of the Community , by satisfying their requirements      factor for industrial competitiveness . However , the necessary
in raw materials , both renewable (wood ) and non-renewable .               scientific and technological basis for the preparation and application
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 14                                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                         24 . 10 . 87
of such standards is often missing. There is , therefore , a strong need                         F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
for generating the data wherever necessary , a task which is typically
of Community responsibility i 1 ).                                                The growing demand for standardization in the Community will
                                                                                demand increasingly scientific and technological assistance at
                                                                                Community level . This Community activity will , therefore, be
                                                                                moderately strengthened in the 1987 to 1991 period .
                    B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
The satisfaction of the need for further harmonization and
standardization is one of the major objectives of a number of
Community policies : the completion of the internal market, energy ,
consumer protection , agriculture , environment and health .                                             4.1 . BIOTECHNOLOGY
In addition to this need for harmonization , there will be an
increasing need to demonstrate the quality of products and to prove
the conformity with either written standards or regulations . This                                              A. PURPOSE
requires testing , measurements and analyses and it is essential to
avoid disagreements between testing laboratories . Further , there will
be an increasing need for research in particular prenormative and                 To master the properties of living cells and to secure their
data bases to promote and facilitate the establishment of future                  exploitation , in the interests of consumers , by both industry and
written standards .                                                               agriculture .
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                                                    B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
This activity will be implemented primarily by means of direct                    It is necessary to reinforce the competitiveness of industry and
action . Shared-cost action will also be used to a considerable extent ,          agriculture in many areas of activity relating to the improvement ,
and concerted action will be used to a limited extent where                       diversification or transformation of biological substances and
appropriate . The choice of a particular means will depend on the                 products . To this effect there is a need to continue current efforts
nature of the project (e.g. prestandardization research , round                   towards the understanding and exploitation of molecular and
robins , etc.) and the scientific and technical capabilities available in         cellular structures and mechanisms in organisms which are
various laboratories .                                                            important for man and for his environment . The main objective , in
                                                                                this area of basic biotechnology , is to promote the production of
                                                                                substances with high added value and the creation of microbial ,
                                                                                plant or animal strains which express characters desired by
                                                                                European industry and by European agriculture.
                        D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
There are three main lines :
                                                                                C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
— promotion of cooperation between national laboratories to
     improve measurement methods ( applied metrology and chemical
     analyses ) and establishment of suitable means of verification               Community activities will be implemented by means of shared-cost
     ( reference materials ), recognized at Community level , in a                research contracts and training contracts with research institutions ,
                                                                                universities and industries .
     variety of fields , including environment, health , foodstuff and
     industrial products ,
— improvement of nuclear measurement ( neutron-induced
     reactions , radionuclear decay , neutron flux and doses , etc .) and                             D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
     provision of nuclear reference materials for fission and fusion ,
                                                                                — Establishment of Community R&D networks specifically
— prestandardization research in structural reliability and                           designed for contributing a transnational dimension to national
     materials . The emphasis will be on reliability methodologies and                efforts and for facilitating technology transfer towards industry
     models of behaviour of advanced materials and industrial
                                                                                and agriculture in each of the following areas :
     structures with the view to improving codes of practice .
                                                                                — improvement of R & D infrastructures ( bio-informatics and
                                                                                collections ),
                                                                                — basic biotechnology for the removal of scientific and
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                                            technical bottlenecks to the exploitation in agriculture ,
                                                                                industry and medicine of methods and materials originating
                                                                                from fundamental research ,
Depending on the nature of the projects , cooperation is sought with
programmes like COST , VAMAS , international organizations in the                     — analysis of risks which may be associated to the development
nuclear field and with national organizations , such as the NBS in the                    of modern biotechnology .
USA .
                                                                                — Continuous evaluation of the strategic significance of new
(') It is also to be noted that specific prestandardization work in certain areas     developments in biotechnology and promotion of the essential
    is carried out , where appropriate , within the corresponding sectoral            coherence between the different areas of Community policy
    actions .                                                                         concerned with , or impinged on by , biotechnology .
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No L 302 / 15
 E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                             biotechnology . Where mutually beneficial , appropriate cooperation
                                                                          will be established with Eureka projects concerning the industrial
This action will be implemented in close relationship with the            applications of the life sciences .
different COST activities associated with agricultural research and
biotechnology .
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                 F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                             The specific development of the interface between agriculture and
                                                                          industry constitutes a new element in the Community's activities in
The general tendency in all fields of biotechnology and its               research , development and technology . It is essential that a resolute
applications is towards expansion , in volume as well as in               start should be made on this action , while accepting the obligation to
diversity .                                                               evaluate correctly the potential side-effects , from the dual
                                                                          perspective of the Community's policies both for agriculture and for
                                                                          industry .
            4.2 . AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES
                                                                                4.3 . COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE AND
                                                                                MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
                               A. PURPOSE
To benefit simultaneously agriculture , industry and the consumer , in
particular through the implementation of technologies based on                                        A. PURPOSE
modern concepts in the life sciences .
                                                                          To contribute , in particular through the application of advanced
                                                                          technologies , to a response to the numerous challenges (economic ,
                  B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                          social , environmental , regional ) deriving from the evolution of
                                                                          agricultural activities in the socio-economic framework of rural
                                                                          areas .
The aim is to make best possible use of the rapid developments which
are resulting from , on the one hand , basic work in the life sciences
and , on the other , from the continuing progress achieved in the
industrial technologies relating to agriculture , including the                           B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
transformation and utilization of its outputs . The action will
therefore develop between agriculture and industry a technological
interface fully open to innovation . Pilot actions will also be           The action will mainly be devoted to increasing the efficacy of
undertaken to verify , at appropriate scale , the validity of the         human and financial resources devoted to agriculture . To this end ,
methods and products resulting from research in basic                     the development of a European scientific Community in the area of
biotechnology and in agricultural science .                               agriculture will be encouraged , and research efforts will be oriented
                                                                          according to current market realities and new requirements of the
                                                                          common agricultural policy .
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                                                                           C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
The activities will be carried out through shared-cost actions and
pilot actions involving research institutes and industries , in
particular those upstream and downstream of agriculture itself.           The Community R&D actions in the agricultural field will mainly
                                                                          be implemented through shared-cost and coordination actions , as
                                                                          well as through pilot projects .
                     D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
                                                                                D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
— Research on the quality and competitiveness of foodstuffs ,
— Research on the nutritional and toxicological properties of             Community R & TD activities will focus on the following
    foodstuffs ,                                                          themes :
— Development to demonstrate innovative possibilities resulting           — effectiveness of human and financial resources ,
    from research , undertaken in biotechnology and agriculture
    ( industrial inputs to agriculture and new production or              — diversification , higher quality and lower costs of production,
    processing       possibilities   offered    by     agro-industrial    — development of new applications and markets ,
    technologies ).
                                                                          — utilization of soil and water ,
                                                                          — promotion of forestry ,
 E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                                                                          — effective protection of the rural environment ,
                                                                          — regional balance and integrated rural development .
The action will be carried out in close relation with the various
COST actions relating to agricultural research , food technology and      The techniques used for this purpose include remote sensing .
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 16                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                            24 . 10 . 87
 E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                                  geological formation , such as salt , granite and clay . This will be
                                                                               accompanied by attempts to reach a European consensus on a
The action will be carried out in close relation with the various
                                                                               common approach ,
COST actions which are related to agricultural research .                  — work on decommissioning operations                       will   involve
                                                                               demonstration of relevant technologies ,
                                                                           — safeguarding methodologies and techniques , and techniques for
              F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                                     safeguards integration , will be further developed ,
                                                                           — work on actinides will provide the necessary scientific base for
Agricultural competitiveness remains dependent upon steady                     the areas described above .
progress in various technologies . The situation will be closely
monitored with a view to identifying possible adaptation of the
present equilibrium between the research themes.
                                                                            E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE -ACTIONS
                                                                           Collaboration and information exchanges between the Community
                                                                           and extra-Community RTD activities have long been established
                                                                           and should continue ( e.g. with IAEA and with OECD NEA ). In
                                                                           particular the collaboration with the IAEA should be strengthened in
                5.1 . FISSION : NUCLEAR SAFETY                             view of the key role now assumed by this agency in matters of safety
                                                                           following the Chernobyl accident . Furthermore , the network of
                                                                           collaboration established within the RTD programme of waste
                                                                           management should continue to be exploited .
                             A. PURPOSE
To contribute to improving the level of scientific and technical                           F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
knowledge relevant to nuclear safety . Furthermore to contribute
to the harmonization of approaches to safety within the                    The proposed activities take into account the need to preserve the
Community .
                                                                           underlying continuity of action towards longer-term objectives of
                                                                           nuclear safety .
                                                                           Deeper evaluation of the Chernobyl accident will influence the
               B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                              reactor safety activity for the coming years ; radioactive-waste
                                                                           management and decommissioning activities will evolve towards
To reinforce the scientific and technical basis necessary to strengthen    larger-scale technological demonstrations .
the safety aspects of nuclear plants and operations and to provide
objective information that transcends the national dimension .
                                                                                5.2 . CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION
 C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
The largest part of the activities will have recourse both to the Joint
Research Centre and to shared-cost contracts . It is envisaged that                                    A. PURPOSE
research requiring large out-of-pile installation will be performed by
the Joint Research Centre , whereas shared-cost contracts will be          To open a new way of power generation having a moderate impact
more adapted to cover large-scale demonstration of technologies            on the environment and using a practically inexhaustible fuel . This
and in-pile experiments . Other actions may be in the form of              long term cooperative project embraces all the work carried out in
complementary programmes supporting participation , and / or joint         the Member States in the field of controlled thermonuclear
undertakings .                                                             fusion .
                   D. TECHNICAL CONTENT                                                     B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
                                                                           The following objectives are established for the period 1987 to
R & TD areas will be orientated towards issues of highest                  1991 :
relevance :
                                                                           — JET (Joint European Torus): this installation should be fully
— work on reactor safety will cover plants in operation and under              exploited ,
    development , including their fuel cycles , taking into account the
    observed behaviour of operating plants . Work will in particular       — Other tokamaks : the medium-size specialized tokamaks in
    address the prevention and mitigation of major accidents ,                 existence or in construction should also contribute to the success
                                                                               of fusion ,
— radioactive-waste management will include waste treatment ,
    conditioning and quality assurance and concentrate on                  — fusion      technology:    the   current      activities   should     be
    demonstration of sale long-term waste disposal options in                  strengthened ,
 ---pagebreak--- 24.10 . 87                                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                         No L 302 / 17
— alternative lines : the reactor potential of magnetic confinement            — Sweden and Switzerland are fully associated with the
     systems other than the tokamak will be explored ,                              Community fusion programme ,
— other activities : outside magnetic fusion , the objective is to carry       — bilateral framework agreement exists with Canada , will be
     out a minimum programme on inertial confinement and review                     signed in November 1986 with the USA and is in preparation
     periodically muon-catalysed fusion .                                           with Japan ,
                                                                               — several implementing agreements in the framework of the
The aim of the above activities is to establish the physics and                     International Energy Agency in Paris ( OECD ) are either in
technology basis necessary for the detailed design of NET (Next                     execution or in preparation ,
European Torus ).
                                                                               — cooperation in the framework of IAEA with the three other large
                                                                                fusion programmes (Japan , USA , USSR ) in the INTOR
                                                                                workshops ,
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                                 — Discussions of technical levels are being carried out to explore the
                                                                                possibility of constructing the next step after JET (experimental
                                                                                test reactor : ETR ), in the frame of a worldwide international
The implementation of the JET project has been entrusted to the                     cooperation .
Joint European Torus (JET) Joint Undertaking, which is financed at
80 % by the Commission budget . The remaining part of the fusion
activities will be executed principally by shared-cost actions
( associations contracts ) and for some parts by direct actions ( fusion                       F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
technology at the JRC ).
                                                                               The Community fusion programme is a long term cooperative
                                                                               project embracing all the work carried out in the Member States in
                                                                               the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion . It started with the
                     D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
                                                                               foundation of Euratom in the late 1950s and is designed to lead in
                                                                               due course to the joint construction of prototype reactors with a view
                                                                               to their industrial production and marketing .
The main activities for the period 1987 to 1991 will be :
                                                                               The path to be followed can be schematically divided into three
— NET is in the pre-design phase . The main performance                        stages : demonstrations of scientific feasibility , technological
     specifications have been tentatively selected , resulting in a            feasibility and eventually economic feasibility . At present all fusion
     coherent set of parameters which is presently being used for              programmes in the world are still essentially in the scientific
     further optimization and for guidance of the technology                   stage .
     programme ,
— JET : this is the leading fusion experiment in the world and , in
     order to fully exploit the potential of this device , the best use of its
     capabilities should be made , which implies adding some
     supplementary equipment ( pellet injection , plasma exhaust ,             5.3 . NON-NUCLEAR ENERGIES AND RATIONAL USE OF
     sawteeth and disruption control , current profile control ). This                                         ENERGY
     requires more time and funds than hitherto envisaged . To this
     end , a proposal to extend the lifetime of the project up to the end
     of 1992 is also presently being submitted ,
                                                                                A. PURPOSE
— the European medium-size tokamaks will contribute to the
     progress of fusion and to the future success of JET by                    The purpose of developing energy technology derives directly from
     experimenting with different configurations , by exploring new            the Community energy strategy , the overall goal of which is to
     heating methods and by developing new diagnostics ,                       increase , in the long term , security of supply and to decrease energy
                                                                               imports both at reasonable cost and in consideration of
— the technology activity is mainly oriented towards NET , but                 environmental conditions . With regard to the technologies covered
     there are also longer term activities . Efforts will concentrate on       under this activity , this objective calls for an increased contribution
     superconducting magnets , tritium , blanket , remote handling ,           — in the medium and the long term — of fossil fuels and new and
     materials , safety and environment ,                                      renewable sources and for a considerable reduction in energy
                                                                               demand intensity .
— alternative lines : the construction of an advanced stellarator and
     of a large reversed-field pinch will be completed and results will
     be obtained . A flexible heliac , presently under planning , will
     possibly de built ,                                                                        B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
— a 'keep in touch' activity is maintained in the field of laser fusion        During the period 1987 to 1991 , the activities will be structured
     and muon-catalysed fusion is kept under review .                          progressively so as to lead to a limited number of target-oriented
                                                                               high-technology actions with well-defined goals . The aims will
                                                                               be :
                                                                               — to increase the range of energy sources and reduce dependence on
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                                      petroleum based products ,
                                                                               — to develop further the technological capabilities and
In the field of fusion , there has always been very active international            competitiveness of the Community's industries in the field of
collaboration :                                                                     energy technology ,
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 18                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                             24 . 10 . 87
— to reduce the economic burden of inefficient energy use ,               countries outside the European Community ( USA , Japan ,
                                                                          developing countries ) will be pursued . The collaboration with ISO
— to reduce the adverse environmental effects of energy production        and other bodies for standards , etc ., will be reinforced .
    and utilization .
                                                                          It is to be expected that the Community programmes will also lead to
These aims will be achieved by making progress in the development         cooperation with certain Eureka projects (heat pumps , combustion ,
and availability of advanced technologies for the rational use of         etc .) as they have already done in the past ( amorphous silicon ).
energy and the use of fossil , hydrocarbon and renewable sources .
This will be ensured by stimulating and coordinating research along
common lines where appropriate , and encouraging transfrontier
collaboration where country-specific applications are involved .                            F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                                                                          The activities in this field will be continously adapted to new needs
                                                                          and developments . In this context , certain activities might be
                                                                          abandoned ( as , for example , hydrogen was abandoned in the past)
 C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                                                                          and related actions might be taken up , such as: deep geology for
                                                                          energy sources , magneto-hydrodynamic power generation
The activity will be carried out primarily by cost-shared contractual     ( MHD ).
research . It includes assessment and feasibility studies and
collaborative projects . Industry will be involved for a large part in
the implementation . The activity will be carried out to a certain
extent by the JRC .
                                                                              6 . SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT
                    D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
                                                                                A. PURPOSE
Research and development will be focused on :
                                                                          To develop research capacity , both in Europe and the developing
— technologies for exploiting renewable energy souces :                   countries , in the vital areas of agriculture and tropical and
    — solar energy , in particular photovoltaics , passive solar          subtropical medicine , and to increase scientific cooperation in these
        technology and testing ,                                          areas .
    — energy from biomass , mainly production and conversion ,
    — wind energy , with a special accent on critical components
        and systems ,                                                                         B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
                                                                                v
    — geothermal energy with , as a main objective , hot dry rocks
        and related technologies ;                                        Scientific research to benefit the tropical world in this area remains at
                                                                          a limited level in Europe , while the developing countries' research
— technologies for a more rational and clean use of available energy      needs have been increasing , and they have been unable to cope . This
    resources :                                                           programme of scientific cooperation with the developing countries is
                                                                          intended to make it possible to:
    — energy conservation , including fuel cells and batteries ,
                                                                          — strengthen links between the various European tropical and
    — solid fuels , in particular in view of their clean use ,
                                                                                subtropical research structures, to improve the coordination of
    — new energy vectors ,                                                      their work and thus increase its efficiency ,
    — hydrocarbons , in particular exploitation and use ,                 — stimulate cooperation between laboratories in the North and
    — energy systems analysis and modelling;                                     South , in order to bring teams from the developing countries to a
                                                                                scientific level enabling them to become full partners of the teams
— in addition to these sectoral activities , more horizontally oriented         from the North , and to develop improved South / South
    topics will be addressed , such as combustion science , sensors ,           cooperation ,
    deep geology , building technology , testing , norms and
    standards .                                                           — implement measures to improve the developing countries' own
                                                                                research capacity , which will have the result , amongst other
                                                                                things , of ensuring greater long-term efficiency for development
Within these areas , the actions will concentrate on the development            measures in these countries .
of advanced (mostly long-term) technologies requiring transfrontier
collaboration and on well-defined projects requiring a Community
dimension for their execution .
                                                                            C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                                                                          Measures will be carried out by means of shared-cost research
 E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                             contracts in universities , institutes and public or private research
                                                                          centres . These contracts will comprise a training and an equipment
                                                                          section , both fundamental for the development of research in the
The longstanding collaboration with many actions carried out in the       developing countries and , when justified , the setting-up of research
International Energy Agency ( IEA ) as well as bilateral actions with     networks .
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No L 302 / 19
                      D. TECHNICAL CONTENT                                   is essential to increase the volume of such research , taking into
                                                                             account the geographical extension of the Community and the
                                                                             increasing concern of countries in Latin America and Asia .
Activity will be confined to two priority areas for the developing           Furthermore , this activity involves a strengthening of indigenous
countries — agriculture and medicine, health and nutrition :                 research capacities , along the lines of the Council's Decision dated 10
                                                                             December 1985 .
Agriculture
The research projects planned in this field will fall under the
following four priority headings:
                                                                                7.1 . MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
— improvement of agricultural production , whether of plant or
     animal origin , through its various constituents ( improvement
     of species or breeds , their protection , improved yields ,
     improvement in growing techniques , etc .),
                                                                                A. PURPOSE
— conservation and enhancement of the environment . This covers
     in particular the evaluation of natural resources , the
     management of water , and soil management and protection —              To contribute to establishing a scientific and technological basis for
     all essential tools in the fight against desertification and the study  the exploration , exploitation , management and protection of the
     of the exploitation of sensitive areas ,                                European coastal and marginal seas .
— agricultural engineering and post-harvest technologies . This
     heading covers research activities concerning rural engineering,
     mechanization , conservation and processing of products ,                                B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
— growing           and     production      systems .     These     involve
     multidisciplinary research to analyse the interaction between the       To elaborate and to implement a first Community R&D
     factors which determine the development of plant and animal             programme in order to introduce the necessary Community
     products in a particular environment .                                  dimension to various ongoing research activities .
Medicine , Health and Nutrition
                                                                               C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Research in this field falls mainly under three headings :
                                                                             The programme is to be implemented mainly by shared-cost contract
— tropical diseases , whether transmissible or not , including the
                                                                              research and coordination of national programmes .
     development or improvement of vaccines , diagnostic and
     treatment methods , and the control of vectors ,
— operational research relating to health care systems appropriate
     to the rural or Urban environments in developing countries ,                                 D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
— nutrition research which lies at the interface between a number of
     disciplines : medicine , agronomics, economics and the social            In the beginning the Community programme should concentrate on
     sciences .                                                               a small number of important topics . On the one hand , RTD areas
                                                                             could be : sea modelling , oceanographic research , coastal zone
                                                                             management , design and development of advanced instruments and
                                                                             technologies ; use could be made of remote sensing techniques . On
                                                                             the other hand , supporting activities could aim at the networking of
                                                                              regional data centres and at ensuring a more economic use of existing
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                               major facilities , such as research vessels . Emphasis is to be given to
                                                                             the elaboration of common norms and standards , and to the
                                                                             establishment of mechanisms for data exchange .
As these activities are upstream of the development stage , they
will be carried out in close cooperation with those of the
Directorates-General involved in third world development . The
subject matter of some contracts will require close collaboration              E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
with other activities planned in the framework programme .
                                                                             Where appropriate , cooperation within COST and linking to
Implementation procedures will also help to strengthen links with            pertinent Eureka projects will be ensured . In addition , collaboration
other bilateral and multilateral scientific cooperation bodies , for         will be established with relevant international programmes , such as
instance with UNDP , WHO , FAO , CGIAR and the UNIDO                         the research activities coordinated by ICES ( International Council
International Centre of Biotechnology .                                      for the Exploration of the Sea ) and IOC ( Intergovernmental
                                                                             Oceanographic Commission ) of UNESCO .
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                                                                             Work on this action line will be built up by a carefully managed
It is intended that research for development purposes will progress          sequence of requirements analysis and planning , followed by a
beyond the experimental stage it went through in its initial phase . It      phased build-up in the level of activity .
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 20                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                             24 . 10 . 87
                            7.2 . FISHERIES                               for research workers, and in particular to put existing scientific
                                                                          potential to good use at both the human level and that of institutions.
                                                                          Improvement of access to communication networks and scientific
                                                                           and technical information .
                             A. PURPOSE
Fisheries research is an integral part of the Community fishery
strategy and must contribute to meeting the needs of the market                              B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
without disrupting fish resources and to a better utilization of the
catches .
                                                                           To increase the mobility of a significant fraction of the scientific
                                                                           community .
                 B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                            Establishing cooperation networks; increasing scientific exchanges;
                                                                           bringing together research teams which complement one another in
The action will focus on the development and application of new            joint research . Promoting the scientific and technical development of
methods for resource conservation and management and waste                 Europe , by giving all Community Member States genuine
reduction .                                                                opportunities to take part in these exchanges.
It will also endeavour to develop acquaculture techniques and
products and will aim at a more efficient exploitation of certain
zones which have not hitherto received sufficient attention .                 C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Where appropriate , environmental factors will also be taken into          Contract research in the form of research grants , laboratory
account .                                                                  twinnings and operations ( including equipment) as well as studies
                                                                           which help to define areas in which special support should be given.
                                                                           Putting human resources to good use through the distribution of
                                                                           scholarships for young researchers and through the setting-up of a
  C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                             'career awards' system for senior scientists , provided they carry out
                                                                           their work in the Community . Eliminating obstacles and facilitating
The Community will lend financial support , through shared-cost            the free movement of scientific and technical facilities by regulatory
actions , to research in which several Member States participate . It      measures .
will promote and coordinate the exchange of researchers and the
dissemination of scientific knowledge in fisheries matters .               Optimal use of high-level research teams in the Community , to be
                                                                           achieved in particular via improved means of access to
                                                                           communications and information networks , scientific data banks
                     D. TECHNICAL CONTENT                                  and laboratory equipment .
The action will focus on the management of fishing resources ,
catching techniques , aquaculture in sea and fresh water ( including                             D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
disease problems ) and processing of products .
                                                                           Complementary stimulation projects covering the whole range of the
                                                                           sciences can be supported by financing the costs of these activities
  E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                             ( typically , travel and subsistence expenses , staff costs , expenditure
                                                                           on equipment , computer costs , etc .).
Cooperation with third countries is envisaged in the framework of
COST , in particular in the area of aquaculture .
                                                                              E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                                                                           There are close links with the complementary activities of the
                                                                           European Science Foundation and the Council of Europe .
No significant Community actions have been carried out so far . The        Furthermore , the action is to be opened to European third countries .
activity will thus have to be launched , and it should reach a             Expressions of interest have been received from countries such as
steady-state around the middle of the 1987 to 1991 period .                Norway , Sweden , Switzerland and Austria ; negotiations with the
                                                                           latter two countries have already begun .
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
8.1 . STIMULATION , ENHANCEMENT AND USE OF HUMAN
                             RESOURCES
                                                                           Given the growth in demand for cooperation projects and the need
                                                                           for optimal use of all scientific resources in Europe , a substantial
                                                                           strengthening of the activities in these areas , aiming at scientific and
                             A. PURPOSE                                    technical development within the whole Community , becomes
                                                                           necessary . Contextual measures are provided for in the framework
Stimulation of cooperation and exchange between European                   of a Europe for research workers in order to develop the
research laboratories in universities and in public and industrial         transnational and interdisciplinary mobility of scientists and so as to
institutions , in order to contribute to the achievement of a Europe       keep highly qualified researchers in Europe .
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                    Official Journal of the European Communities                                    No L 302 / 21
                8.2 . USE OF MAJOR INSTALLATIONS                           and long-term action in the Community . Also , to provide
                                                                           appropriate tools for the efficient and effective evaluation of
                                                                           Community R & TD activities and to disseminate the relevant
                                                                           information- in the Member States .
                                A. PURPOSE
To improve the Community's research competitiveness by rational
( full ) use of major European scientific and technical installations.
                                                                                B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
                  B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991                           To analyse the implications and consequences of long-term scientific
                                                                           and technological changes for R & TD policy and the
Gradually to improve and , as far as possible , optimize the               socio-economic development of the Community .
development and utilization of major scientific and technical
installations by exploiting the European dimension .
                                                                           To develop new techniques aimed , in particular , at analysing the
                                                                           impact of Community R & TD activities on industrial innovation
   C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION                            and socio-economic development . In addition , to create a network
                                                                           of evaluation units between Member States and the Commission .
Community support will be provided so as to enable researchers in
the Community to make use of time and experimentation facilities at        Finally , to develop knowledge-based expert systems in order to
major European scientific and technical installations . In return , the    improve the usefulness of statistical information and the efficiency of
installations could - thanks to the Community contribution - be            its production .
adapted and given special features . The modality of the Community
contribution will be decided on a case-by-case basis .
                                                                             C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                       D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
Community support will include installations which have some               These activities will be implemented primarily by shared-cost actions
measure of uniqueness in the European context. (An installation of         with in-house studies , 100% funded contracts , concerted actions
this kind is complex and expensive and usually supported by a              and visiting fellows , as appropriate , as well as by promotion of
considerable        scientific  and  technical   infrastructure .) The     European cooperation networks .
Community effort could include areas of 'pure science' that involve
large instruments and facilities , such as materials science,
high-energy and nuclear physics , biology , etc., and 'big engineering
science' facilities in the fields of oceanography , hydrodynamics ,
magneto-hydrodynamics , earthquake engineering , etc .                                         D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
                                                                           The activities will be carried out with wider terms of reference than
   E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS                            in the past so as to provide a better input to the Community science
                                                                           and technology strategy and its implementation .
Close links will be maintained with international organizations with
similar interest , the European Science Foundation , etc . Moreover ,
efforts will be made to encourage collaboration with European third        Forecasting and assessment will include the analysis of the possible
countries ( e.g. COST countries ) in relation to the use of the major      scientific and technological developments in the next 15 to 20 years ,
scientific and technical facilities in Europe .                            the assessment of the opportunities for new industrial and
                                                                           commercial developments associated with future scientific and
                                                                           technological advances and also the study of the integration of
                                                                           science and technology into society in the Member States and of the
                 F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
                                                                           implications and consequences of new technology for society .
Particular emphasis should be placed on making full use of the
Community's potential so far as major scientific and technical             Evaluation research will cover the development and selection of new
installations are concerned . Due to the Community's financial             techniques , including the means of measurement of socioeconomic
support , a significant improvement is envisaged during the reference      effects . A data base will be compiled and maintained on R & TD
period ; the final aim is to optimize the rate of utilization of these     evaluation in the Community and in other countries .
installations in the future .
                                                                           The effort on statistical tools will include study of the problems
                                                                           underlying the construction of expert systems and systems designed
                                                                           to operate in selected areas , particular attention being paid to the
                                                                           need for the compatibility of future systems .
8.3 .    FORECASTING           AND   ASSESSMENT        AND     OTHER
         BACK-UP MEASURES ( INCLUDING STATISTICS )
                                                                             E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
                                A. PURPOSE
To assess the long-term changes in science and technology and              Contacts will be maintained with international bodies with similar
identify guidelines and priority fields for a common R & TD policy         interests , such as the Council of Europe , the European Science
 ---pagebreak--- No L 302 / 22                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                          24 . 10 . 87
Foundation , OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and                  channels; for those which must be protected, to ensure a
Development), UNECE ( United Nations Economic Commission for                  substantial improvement in the level of exploitation and the
Europe ), UNESCO (United Nations Educational , Scientific and                 resulting creation of economic activities .
Cultural Organization ), ICSU ( International Council for Scientific
Unions ), IIASA ( International Institute for Applied System
Analysis ).
                                                                            C. PREFERENTIAL MODALITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION
                                                                          All modalities of Community action will be used for implementing
               F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY                               this action . Recourse will be had to studies and creation of and
                                                                          support for European cooperation networks .
A significant expansion is foreseen in the number and quality of the
European networks between the Member States in forecasting and
assessment of science and technology .
                                                                                D. TECHNICAL CONTENT
Similarly , a major expansion is needed in evaluation research to
develop new methodologies , to promote cooperation with Member            The activity on linguistic problems will cover completion by 1990 of
States and , above all , to ensure the systematic and effective           a first multilingual prototype machine translation system ( for nine
evaluation of all Community R & TD work .                                 official Community languages ), support to the industrial
                                                                          development of a machine translation system , development of
                                                                          methods and tools for the reusability of lexical resources in
                                                                          computerized applications , and creation of standards for lexical and
                                                                          terminological data .
8.4 .   DISSEMINATION          AND      UTILIZATION         OF    S/T
                                                                          Information and communication networks and scientific data bases
                       RESEARCH RESULTS
                                                                          will build on efforts already underway to develop and implement
                                                                          OSI ( open systems interconnection ) standards and provide the
                                                                          Community with high-speed and / or broadband communication
                                                                          services , as well as building on the potential of the RARE association
                            A. PURPOSE
                                                                          ( Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne ).
To ease and accelerate the circulation of information related to RTD
                                                                          The effort on utilization of R & TD results will include determined
work and results in order to increase the efficiency of the RTD work      by the natur of the particular results : patent screening , market
itself, and to stimulate the process of innovation and industrial         surveys , drawing-up of business plans and prototype or pilot
exploitation in Europe , by :                                             installation development .
— removing the effect of linguistic barriers in the Community ,
— improving the efficiency of distributed research and development
                                                                            E. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER COOPERATIVE ACTIONS
    activities throughout Europe ,
— facilitating , through general measures , the utilization of the        Contacts will be maintained with international bodies with similar
    results of Community RDT activities by all potential users .          interests , such as RARE . Where appropriate , coordination with
                                                                          Eureka projects will be established ( e.g. Eureka Cosine project).
                                                                          Where feasible , results from COST projects will be used ( e.g. COST
                                                                          11 ).
                 B. OBJECTIVES FOR 1987 to 1991
The objectives are the following:
                                                                                F. EVOLUTION OF THE ACTIVITY
— to develop rapid and efficient computerized systems for
    translation and interpretation ,                                      Increased attention will be paid to these horizontal actions which are
— to contribute to the creation of a common integrated computer
                                                                          an essential part of the establishment of the scientific and
    communication infrastructure and associated services , accessible
                                                                          technological Community strategy .
    to the various public and private research centres in Europe ,
                                                                          A significant expansion is foreseen in the number and quality of the
— for results of Community R & TD activities which must not be            European networks , and renewed emphasis will be given to diffusion
    protected , to ensure complete dissemination by appropriate           of R & TD results in order to promote innovation .
 ---pagebreak--- 24 . 10 . 87                                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                            No L 302 / 23
                                                                   ANNEX III
                                                            SELECTION CRITERIA
             In general , Community R & TD actions should be selected on the basis of scientific and technical objectives , their
             scientific and technical quality and their contribution to the definition or implementation of Community
             policies .
             A particular aim of Community R & TD shall be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European
             industry - including that of SMEs - especially in strategic areas of high technology, and to encourage it to
             become more competitive at the international level .
             Community action can be justified where it presents advantages ( added value) in the short , medium or long term
             from the point of view of efficiency and financing or from the scientific and technical point of view as compared
             with national and other international activities ( public or private ).
             The following criteria in particular justify Community action :
             — research which contributes to the strengthening of the economic and social cohesion of the Community and the
                 promotion of its overall harmonious development , while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and
                 technical quality ,
             — research on a very large scale for which the individual Member States could not , or could only with difficulty,
                 provide the necessary finance and personnel ,
             — research , the joint execution of which would offer obvious financial benefits , even after taking account of the
                 extra costs inherent in all international cooperation ,
             — research which , because of the complementary nature of work being done nationally in part of a given field ,
                 enables significant results to be obtained in the Community as a whole for the case of problemes whose solution
                 requires research on a large scale , particularly geographical ,
             — research which contributes to the achievement of the common market and to the unification of the European
                 scientific and technical area , and research leading , where the need is felt , to the establishment of uniform norms
                 and standards .