{'fr': 'Chaque époux s’oblige personnellement par ses actes et il oblige solidairement son conjoint en tant qu’il n’excède pas ses pouvoirs d’une manière reconnaissable pour les tiers.', 'en': 'Each spouse is personally liable for his or her own actions and, to the extent that these do not exceed his or her powers of representation in a manner apparent to third parties, also renders the other spouse jointly and severally liable for such actions.'}