Smith, Campos-Melady and Meyers describe the Johnson intervention as uncomfortable for many CSOs:“The Al-Anon approach's emphasis upon detaching from the substance abuser is unappealing to many CSOs. On the other end of the spectrum is the Johnson Institute Intervention: a "surprise party" in which the IP is confronted by family members and a therapist with the objective of getting the IP to enter treatment. When the intervention is actually carried out, it often results in a high rate of engagement in treatment, and yet only a small number of CSOs who begin the program ever follow through with the intervention (Liepman, Nirenberg, & Begin, 1989; Miller et al., 1999), and many report feeling uncomfortable with its confrontational nature” (Barber & Gilbertson, 1997).Research suggests that CRAFT has had greater success than the Johnson Intervention method or Al-Anon/Alateen as far as engaging loved ones in treatment, though the goal of Al-Anon and Alateen is not to work on the person with substance abuse issues, but to help the person impacted by someone else's substance abuse.