Leopold Arends Leopold Alexander Friedrich Arends (4 December 1817 in Rukiškis, Vilna Governorate (now Anykščiai district of Lithuania) – 22 December 1882, Berlin) was a German stenographer and inventor of a system of stenography extensively used on the Continent, especially in Sweden. Bibliography Leopold Arends, "Das Wunderreich der Natur" (1858) Leopold Arends, "Vollständiger Leitfaden" (ed. 20, 1891) Rätzsch, "Das System Arends" (1884)