A 2 year old man presents with superficial gash on his forehead. The wound is bleeding profusely, but examination reveals no fracture. The physician suspects a hypersensitive cardiac reflex. The patient's epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) is penetrated, resulting in severe gaping of the wound. The structure overlying the epicranial aponeurosis is which of the following?
A layer containing blood vessels. The dura mater. The periosteum (pericranium). The tendon of the epicranial muscles (occipitofrontails).