Self-esteem and self-concept have been important ideas in the psychology of adolescence since the 1960s. Particularly important at that stage were the writings of S. Coopersmith and M. Rosenberg. Both of these psychologists devised ways of measuring
Self-esteem and self-concept have been important ideas in the psychology of adolescence since the 1960s. Particularly important at that stage were the writings of S. Coopersmith and M. Rosenberg. Both of these psychologists devised ways of measuring self-esteem or self-concept, and both began to demonstrate the key part played by these constructs in the development of healthy life styles, positive attitudes, and educational attainment. Some research traditions have established a clear link between religious beliefs and self-concept or self-esteem.
According to Coopersmith, young people with a positive self-concept and good self-esteem are likely to feel that they can make up their mind without too much trouble, that they are popular with others of their own age, that things usually do not bother them, and that, when they have something to say, they usually say it. Young people with a poor self-concept and low self-esteem are likely to feel that there are lots of things about themselves they would change if only they could, that they are not as nice looking as most people, that they get upset easily, and that most people are better liked than they are.
Empirical research into the relationship between religious and spiritual development during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood and self-esteem has produced a mixed set of results. Some studies d