Like mountains, cheese, chocolate and banking, watchmaking has long been synonymous with Switzerland. For centuries the Swiss have been renowned for their exceptional horological expertise. The Swiss watchmaking industry is concentrated in western Switzerland, in the arc formed by the
Like mountains, cheese, chocolate and banking, watchmaking has long been synonymous with Switzerland. For centuries the Swiss have been renowned for their exceptional horological expertise. The Swiss watchmaking industry is concentrated in western Switzerland, in the arc formed by the Jura mountains which stretches from Geneva in the south to Basle in the north, an area which the tourism authorities have catchily named Watch Valley.
Moving further afield
Clock and watchmaking in Switzerland started in Geneva and dates back to the mid-16th century. Calvin, the great reformer and a stickler for punctuality, is partly to thank for the emergence of the Swiss watchmaking industry. He encouraged Hugenots, fleeing religious persecution in their native France, to take refuge in nearby Geneva, which by then had become a Protestant stronghold under his austere rule. Many heeded his advice and settled in the city. Among them were master watch- and clock-makers, who would help turn Geneva into a renowned watchmaking centre. Watchmaking would later spread north and east. By the end of the 16th century, entire families in the canton of Neuchâtel worked for the watchmaking industry, and by the middle of the following century (1740) the first watchmaking workshop was established in the Vallée de Joux. Later, the mid-19th century to be precise, watchmaking would spread to a number of German-speaking cantons: first Solothurn and Bern, later Basle and Schaffhausen.
Not only watchmaking, but a number of machine-tool factories for the industry provided work in Watch Valley – and still do. As is typical of the Swiss engineering industry, some of these factories are world leaders in the production of niche products. Vallorbe prides itself on being the world capital of precision files; Moutier for cam-controlled automatic screw-cutting lathes with adjustable headstocks, which revolutionised watch making in the 1880s.
For over one hundred years, 90% of Swiss watch production has been concentrated in Western Switzerland, specifically in the “arc jurassien”, the arc formed by the Swiss Jura mountain range. The fact that it is not only the heartland of the world-renowned Swiss watchmaking industry but also one of country’s most scenic regions did not escape the local tourist industry, which re-named it “Watch Valley – the Land of Precision”. In 2001, a 200 km-long heritage trail entitled “The Watchmaking Route” was launched. Each of the 38 stages of this trail ce