Penyesuaian Akun In chapter three, we will take a close look at the process of preparing adjusting journal entries at the end of the accounting period.
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Penyesuaian Akun In chapter three, we will take a close look at the process of preparing adjusting journal entries at the end of the accounting period.
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Presentasi berjudul: "Penyesuaian Akun In chapter three, we will take a close look at the process of preparing adjusting journal entries at the end of the accounting period."— Transcript presentasi:
1Penyesuaian AkunIn chapter three, we will take a close look at the process of preparing adjusting journal entries at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries are necessary because not all transactions begin and end in one accounting period. For example, a customer may purchase inventory at the end of December and not pay for it until January of the next year.Toward the end of the chapter we will review the preparation of our basic financial statements.
2Tujuan Pembelajaran Menjelaskan mengapa akun disesuaikan Mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan jenis-jenis penyesuaianMembuat jurnal penyesuaianMembuat neraca saldo setelah disesuaikan
3Mengapa Akun Disesuaikan Periodisaasi akuntansiAccrual basis Vs cash basisPengakuan Pendapatan dan Beban
4Periode Akuntansi Annually Semiannually Quarterly Monthly 1 2 1 2 3 4 Agar posisi keuangan dan kinerja perusahaan dapat dinilai, maka perlu ditetapkan Periode PelaporanAnnually12Semiannually1234The most common account period is one month. Companies also prepare quarterly reports and semi-annual reports. At the end of each year, most companies prepare an annual report of operations and financial position.When we divide business activities into arbitrary fixed periods of time, it is often necessary to have special accounting for transactions that cross from one time period to the next.Most of our time will be spent looking at the special adjusting process for some of these transactions.Quarterly123456789101112JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecMonthly55
5Accrual Basis vs. Cash Basis Revenues diakui ketika telah terbentuk (earned) dan expenses diakui ketika telah terjadi (incurred).Cash BasisRevenues diakui ketika kas telah diterima dan expenses dicatat ketika kas telah dibayarkan.Not GAAPPart OneThe accrual basis dictates that revenues be recognized when earned and expenses be recognized when incurred. The accrual basis of accounting is considered to be in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.The cash basis of accounting dictates that revenues be recognized when the cash is actually received and that expenses are recorded when the cash is paid.Part TwoThe cash basis is not considered to be compliant with GAAP. While you may be on the cash basis for your transactions, almost all companies follow the accrual basis of accounting. We believe that the cash basis waits too long to recognize revenue and expenses and, therefore, misstates income.Accounting99
6Accrual Basis vs. Cash Basis In our first transaction, on December first, 2007, FastForward paid twenty-four hundred dollars cash for a twenty-four month business insurance policy.On the cash basis, the entire twenty-four hundred dollars would be recognized as an expense in 2007 even though the policy provides protection for 2007, 2008 and Let’s look at how this type of transaction is handled in an accrual basis accounting system.Jika digunakan cash basis maka pembayaran $2,400 akan diakui sebagai insurance expense tahun Tidak ada insurance expense yang diakui selama periode perlindungan asuransi di tahun 2008 dan 2009.99
7Accrual Basis vs. Cash Basis Jika digunakan, accrual basis maka insurance expense yang diakui di tahun 2007: $100, tahun 2008: $1,200, dan tahun 2009: $1,100. Expense diakui mengikuti periode perlindungan insurance.On the accrual basis, we would record one hundred dollars of insurance expense in the month of December, 2007, one hundred dollars for each month in 2008, and one hundred dollars for the months January through November in We match the expense with the periods benefited by the insurance coverage. We believe this is a better cost matching of revenues and expenses.99
8Pengakuan Revenues & Expenses Pengakuan Pendapatan (Revenue Recognition)Revenue diakui saat telahterbentuk (earned) danklaim atas kas diperoleh(realization). Umum saat barangatau jasa telah diselesaikan danterjadi transfer kepemilikanWith accrual basis, we recognize revenue when the product or service is delivered to our customer.77
9Pengakuan Revenues & Expenses Expenses diakui saatterjadinya.Mengikuti pengakuanPendapatan (matching).MatchingSummaryof ExpensesRentGasolineAdvertisingSalariesUtilitiesand$1,0005002,0003,000450The adjusting process helps us match the expenses incurred to generate the revenue recorded from the sales transaction.77
10Adjusting Accounts Jenis Adjustments Jurnal Penyesuaian (adjusting entry) dibuat agar saldo akun asset atau liability menunjukkan jumlah yang tepat.Jenis AdjustmentsAdjustmentsPembayaran (penerimaan) cash sebelum expense (revenue) diakuiPembayaran (penerimaan) cash setelah expense (or revenue) diakuiHere is a framework for adjusting the books of the company.There are two broad categories of adjustments. The first is when we pay or receive cash before the expense or revenue is recognized. This category includes prepaid or deferred expenses (including depreciation), and unearned or deferred revenues.The second major category of adjustments is when cash is paid or received after the expense or revenue is recognized. These are some very common adjustments. The category includes accrued expenses and accrued revenues.Prepaid (Deferred) expenses*Une