Disquiet on the Western front
Guilderland's Joseph Persico puts readers on the battlefields of the bloody final day of World War I
By C. J. LAIS, Staff Writer
First published: Sunday, November 7
Disquiet on the Western front
Guilderland's Joseph Persico puts readers on the battlefields of the bloody final day of World War I
By C. J. LAIS, Staff Writer
First published: Sunday, November 7, 2004
When Guilderland's Joseph Persico started the research on his latest historical work, "11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour: Armistice Day, 1918, World War I and Its Violent Climax" (Random House; 480 pages; $29.95), he hoped to find an answer to his decades-old question: "Knowing that the war was going to end at a precise hour, why are men still being hurled against the enemy?"
"The initial impetus was just the curiosity," he says. "What I expected to find was a sensible, rational reason. The shocker was to find out what the motives were."
Armistice Day -- Nov. 11, 1918 -- marked the cessation of hostilities between the Allies and Germany during World War I. It resulted in a 1926 Congressional proclamation that created a legal holiday to honor those lost in what was then the most destructive and far-reaching conflict in history -- the War to End All Wars. After World War II proved that designation inaccurate, it was renamed Veterans Day in 1954 to pay tribute to all American veterans of war.
World War I's final day resulted in more loss of life than occurred in the D-Day invasion of Normandy in 1944. But although more than 13,000 men died, nothing was gained except for some small areas of land that would end up back in German possession anyway.
"The thing that I concluded to explain this pointless sacrifice of lives in the final days was that it was a punitive exercise by the Allies, and vainglorious," Persico says. He points to the attitude of Gen. Ferdinand Foch, the French field marshal and commander of Allied forces in World War I: "Keep the sword to the back of the Hun to the very last minute."
Indeed, the book takes Allied leaders to task for being more interested in personal gain than proper wartime etiquette. Among the reasons to keep up the carnage: promotions, retribution and even a chance to bathe.
But Persico doesn't focus on the conflict's final day as an event unto itself. "This sacrifice is the perfect expression of the whole of World War I; what happens on the last day was actually what happened throughout -- the squandering of human life."
Persico argues that World War II can be looked upon as a second battle of the first war, as its seeds were sown during that earlier fight. "What happened subsequently made a mockery of this final rallying cry," he says.
As the 86th anniversary of Armistice Day approaches -- and while the United States is again tossed by tides of patriotism and protest due to war overseas -- Persico isn't concerned about voicing his contention that "the Great War" could be renamed "the Unnecessary War."
"I can't change that; the judgment is rendered on that," he says. After the bloody battle was fought, the author notes, there was enough of a public outcry -- spearheaded by the families who had lost their sons and fathers -- to lead to a federal investigation.
The 74-year-old writer has a history of good timing ("It's strictly fortuitous.") when it comes to releasing his books. He worked with Colin Powell on the bestseller "My American Journey," which came out between the original Gulf War and Powell's current tenure as Secretary of State. Weeks after 9/11, "Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage" was published, and brought to light 50-year-old intelligence failures, successes and miscommunications.
Now, "11th Month" is unveiled to coincide with this year's observance of Veterans Day. The book's official publication date was Nov. 2, Election Day -- apt for a season in which one of the most contentious issues was a war seen by many as avoidable.
"We're in a war again, and one of the issues is the number of casualties," Persico says. "But the issue is -- in any conflict -- does the objective justify the bloodshed?" he says. "As you study our history, when war is involved the one lesson learned is that nothing is learned."
In the trenches
Those who read "11th Month" might be able to do better, thanks to Persico's prodigious research. The Imperial War Museum in London and a Pennsylvania army history office were just two of the stops he made as he dove into the journals, diaries and letters of the battle's participants. "There is a repository of firsthand accounts. You almost feel as if you're in the trenches," he says.
It's this very style that Persico adopted in bringing this tragic tale to print. Instead of a technical recitation of dates and weaponry, the book tells personal stories of the soldiers involved, giving a "doughboy's-eye view" of the climact