obtain the solutions for efficient network operation and maintenance is required.

More specifically, in the XaaS framework, end-users should be able to smoothly switch to the NSP from which they acquire services. In a perfect case, the end-users should be able to access any NSP offering the best service quality in that location. Thus, the WNV should facilitates this mobility management through infrastructure/resource sharing and protocols development between the InSPs and NSPs to ensure that end-users can successfully connect with the most appropriate NSP. Moreover, in the system operation perspective, the WNV can require all the InSPs to share their physical resources, which potentially allows certain InSPs to shut down their equipment or put them into sleep when the traffic is low. If several InSPs have overlapped coverage, or the demand is low, it may be possible to save operation cost by carefully choosing one of them and shut down the rest. Such system operations are able to save the cost of NSPs as well as InSPs and should be reconciled with virtual resource resource allocation, isolation, and slicing, etc. The deployment of the network should be revised as well and will be optimized based on the requirement of the 