---
abstract: 'Ferroelectric relaxors are complex materials with distinct properties. The understanding of their dielectric susceptibility, which strongly depends on both temperature and probing frequency, have interested researchers for many years. Here we report a macroscopic and phenomenological approach based on statistical modeling to investigate and better understand how the dielectric response of a relaxor depends on temperature. Employing the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and considering temperature dependent dipolar orientational polarizability, we propose a minimum statistical model and specific equations to understand and fit numerical and experimental dielectric responses versus temperature. We show that the proposed formula can successfully fit the dielectric response of typical relaxors, including Ba(Zr,Ti)O$_{3}$, Pb(Zn$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)$_{0.87}$Ti$_{0.13}$O$_{3}$, and Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_{3}$-0.05Pb(Zr$_{0.53}$Ti$_{0.47}$)O$_{3}$, which demonstrates the general applicability of this approach.'
author:
- 'J. Liu'
- 'F. Li'
- 'Y. Zeng'
- 'Z. Jiang'
- 'D. Wang'
- 'Z.-G. Ye'
- 'C.-L. Jia'
title: Insight into dielectric response of ferroelectric relaxors by statistical modeling
---

Introduction
============

Relaxor ferroelectrics are materials that exhibit interesting dielectric responses different from normal ferroelectrics. For instance, they often possess relaxation modes at low frequency ($<1$GHz). Relaxors ferroelectrics have been exploited in many applications such as actuators due to their giant electromechanical couplings [@Uchino1996], and their properties extensively investigated, 