Spinnler
- Alisa Javadi
- Liang Zhai
- 'Giang N. Nguyen'
- Julian Ritzmann
- Leonardo Midolo
- Peter Lodahl
- 'Andreas D. Wieck'
- Arne Ludwig
- 'Richard J. Warburton'
bibliography:
- 'Auger2019\_v6\_arxiv.bib'
title: Radiative Auger Process in the Single Photon Limit on a Quantum Dot
---

In an atom or a semiconductor, an excited electron can relax by the emission of a photon. The excited electron can also relax nonradiatively by the excitation of another electron – an Auger process [@Bambynek1972; @Barthes1995].

As originally pointed out by Felix Bloch, an Auger process can also take place together with a radiative transition [@Bloch1935b]. In such a radiative Auger process, only part of the energy is transferred to another electron. The remaining energy goes to an emitted photon, which is correspondingly red-shifted. The radiative Auger process has been observed in X-ray spectra [@Aberg1969; @Aberg1971]. The so-called electron shake-off, which follows the beta-decay of a radioactive atom, has a similar physical origin [@Howard1971; @Carlson1963].

Nonradiative Auger processes involving continuum states have been observed in quantum dots [@Kurzmann2016], two-dimensional materials [@Han2018], color centers [@Siyushev2013], and are a major factor in determining the efficiency of semiconductor lasers [@Blood2015]. At optical frequencies, Bloch’s radiative 