servers through gateways. Accordingly, equipping edge devices with some fundamental components, including sensors, analog to digital (A/D) converters, inter-communication frameworks, memories, and embedded micro-controllers, is required, to provide the capability of collecting, processing, and relaying data in a heterogeneous network.

Although several IoT security challenges should be considered meticulously, combating hardware threats that are generally initiated at *edge* (devices layer), requires more attention [@frustaci2017evaluating]. Numerous solutions, including communication standards optimization, more secure configuration, etc, have been introduced to protect IoT devices and their communications against physical threats, which help to prevent the wide variety of conventional attacks [@pinto2017iioteed; @yuan2018reliable]. For instance, the utilization of symmetric-based secret-key ciphers or keyed hash-based authentication code (HMAC) is prevalent in IoT devices to provide integrity and authentication while securely protect the inter-communication of IoT edge devices [@koteshwara2017comparative; @shivraj2015one; @kamali2016fault].

Considering that the power consumption (particularly energy consumption) constraints in resource-constrained edge devices are very strict, the energy overhead of security solutions against hardware threats must be minimized. For instance, tight restrictions in edge devices enforce the designer to employ lightweight ciphers, such as stream ciphers or lightweight block ciphers [@dinu2019triathlon; @beaulieu2015simon]. However, the energy consumption of this breed of encryption architectures is still high 