approximation is investigated in both the time-like and space-like region of photon momentum squared. Particular attention is given to the formation of vector bound states and confinement phenomenology, however the primary goal of this initial investigation is to develop a description of the quark-photon interaction in the space-like region relevant to electron scattering which simultaneously addresses the role of vector mesons and quark substructure. The equations implied by the ladder approximation are$^1$ the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation $$\Gamma _{\mu }(P,q)=-i\gamma _{\mu }-\frac{4}{3}g^2\int
\frac{d^4K}{(2\pi )^4}D(P-K)\gamma _{\nu }G(K_{+})\Gamma _{\mu
}(K,q)G(K_{-})\gamma _{\nu },\label{IBS}$$ and the Schwinger-Dyson equation $$\Sigma (P)=\frac{4}{3}g^2\int \frac{d^4K}{(2\pi )^4}D(P-K)\gamma _{\nu
}G(K)\gamma _{\nu },\label{SDE}$$ where $K_{\pm }=K\pm q/2$, the quark Green’s function, $G$, is defined from its inverse , and for convenience the model gluon two-point function is taken to be diagonal in Lorentz indices ($D_{\mu \nu}=\delta _{\mu \nu }D$). In Eq.(\[IBS\]) $q$ is the photon momentum, while $P$ is the average of the incoming and outgoing quark momenta. These expressions are illustrated in Fig.\[fig2\]. The current-quark masses in this investigation are assumed to be zero, which allows an overall charge matrix to be omitted from Eq.(\[IBS\]), but the approach can be easily extended to include nonzero masses. The absence of masses further 