our mind the molecules from vessel [A]{} doing this or that…”, we are *labeling* them so as to make them different from the others, even if in reality they are not. In other words, we are assuming that on each molecule there is a pre-established pattern (which triggers in our brain the neural correlates “this molecule is from [A]{}, that molecule is from [B]{}”). However, this pattern and any extractable information from it *do not exist*—we just have forced them into our mental image! The same argumentation, invoking the concept of pragmatic information where there is none in reality, can be made regarding Maxwell’s Demon paradox. Notice carefully that whenever we invoke pragmatic information in our mind, as in a Gedankenexperiment (i.e., establishing some imagined correlation between a pattern and a change governed by some imagined interaction mechanism), we are dealing with a thermodynamically *open system*, even if in reality it is not.

Notice that in all examples above, the interactions involved are force-driven; but whenever we use the term information in their description we really mean “pragmatic information *for us*, the observers”. And when *it is us* who deliberately set the initial conditions of a classical mechanical system (or 