them. A recent echo of Bergson is found in the work of Latour [@latour2012], who argues that existence involves continuous re-creation in real (natural) time, while the representations of science short-circuit this process of constructive transformation by enabling direct jumps to conclusions. He cleverly refers to this time-eliminating aspect of science as “double clic”.

The solution to the problem of time, we believe, is to re-introduce real, natural time into formal systems. Bergson did not believe there was any way of doing this, because science was essentially tied to mathematics or other systems of abstraction which seemed always to eliminate real time. Today, however, we can introduce real or natural time into our formal systems by representing the systems as algorithms and executing them on a computer, which because it operates in natural time, introduces natural time into the algorithm. The answer, in other words, lies in computing. (In this chapter we will normally use the expression *natural time* rather than real time in order to avoid confusion with the common use of the latter expression to refer to something happening immediately, as in “a real time solution”.)

This contribution will develop the argument that various difficulties that arise in 