has declined, due to administrative limitations imposed on consumer providers and delays in the development of mobile data licensing.

For our purposes, we discretely aggregate measurements across three dimensions related to the character of the tests or location of the client,

National:

:   Measurements are grouped on a country level. Aggregation for large geographic areas or service providers may represent a diverse strata of connectivity types, such as ADSL, dialup, WiMAX and fibre.

Internet Service Providers and Address Prefixes:

:   We use the Autonomous System Number (ASN) as a proxy for ISPs. Within a research methodology, aggregation based on the ASN provides a larger pool of clients at the cost of being less granular than address prefixes. Autonomous Systems are generally defined as a set of routers under a single technical administration, which keep an understanding of global network routes to direct traffic and announce their ownership of blocks of IP addresses (address prefixes). There is a limited pool of available numbers for the labeling of Autonomous Systems, and not every network has the need to advertises its own set of routing policies, particularly where directly connected networks have the same upstream connection. Therefore, a large ISP, such as Afranet, 