$x_i=1$ ($x_i=0$) corresponding to CB $i$ in a healthy (faulty) state. ii) The other type of component is the sensor or ammeter, which is not only another type of electrical component that could in principle malfunction, but also forms part of the measurements or observations from which one is asked to perform the diagnosis of the electrical network. Therefore, for each ammeter we will have an observation parameter and a sensor-status variable indicating its healthy or faulty status. The observations or readouts are given as part of the definition of the problem and given as input parameters. We will denote this set of binary parameters $\{l_i\}$, with $l_i=1$ ($l_i=0$) if the $i$-th ammeter is showing a HIGH (LOW) readout. Similar to the $\{x_i\}$ variables for the CBs, the uncertainty in the ammeter readouts is introduced by assigning to them a set of binary variables, $\{y_i\}$, with $y_i=1$ ($y_i=0$) corresponding to ammeters $i$ in a healthy (faulty) state.

The goal is to find the minimum number of faults in the electrical components, either on CBs and/or ammeters, consistent with the circuit layout and the readouts. We solve this as a minimization problem over the pseudo-boolean function $H_{\text{problem}}(\{x_i\},\{y_i\};\{l_i\})$. After $H_{\text{problem}}$ is transformed 