particular, we note (see the Supplementary Information for more details) that the number of nodes $N$ is proportional to the population $P$ and that the corresponding increase rate is of order $dN/dP\approx 0.0021$, similar to what was measured in a previous study about a completely different area [@Strano:2012]. The rapid increase of nodes during the Haussmann period is thus largely due to demographic pressure. Now, if we want to exclude exogeneous effects and focus on the structure of networks, we can plot the various indicators such as the number of edges and the total length versus the number of nodes taken as a time clock. The results shown Fig. \[fig:general\_results\](d-f) display a smoother behavior. In particular, $E$ is a linear function of $N$, demonstrating that the average degree is essentially constant $\langle
k\rangle\approx 3.0$ since 1789. The total length versus $N$ also displays a smooth behavior consistent with a perturbed lattice [@Barthelemy:2011]. Indeed, if the segment length $\ell_1$ is roughly constant and equal to $\ell_1=1/\sqrt{\rho}$ where $\rho=N/A$ is the density of nodes ($A$ is the area considered here), we then obtain for the total length $$L_{tot}=\frac{\langle k\rangle}{2}\sqrt{AN}$$ A fit of the type $a\sqrt{N}$ is shown in Fig. \[fig:general\_results\](d) and the 