the way large-$N$ gauge theories behave at nonzero baryon number [@Cohen], and seeing how these confusions go away in the soluble two-dimensional case is very helpful.

Surprisingly, QCD in two dimensions and nonzero density has not been solved yet : While Ref. [@Salcedo] studied only one and two baryons in an infinite volume, then Ref. [@SchonThies] attempted to extend this but restricted to either (1) translational invariant states which were seen to be inconsistent, or (2) a particular translational non-invariant ansatz for a baryon crystal in the vicinity of the chiral limit. Since $1+1$-dimensional baryons become massless for massless quarks, it is natural to expect that they behave very differently than four-dimensional massive baryons. Furthermore, most of the current literature on the ‘t Hooft model has so far focused on its infinite volume limit where a certain set of gluonic zero modes are irrelevant. With a finite density of baryons, however, these become important and cannot be neglected (at least if the density is increased by fixing the baryon number and decreasing the volume). Thus, given the current status surveyed above, it seems wise to study the dense ‘t Hooft model for arbitrary quark mass, by making as few assumptions 