---
address:
- CERN
- Northwestern University
- University of Minnesota
- Florida International University
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Fermi National Laboratory
author:
- Jordan Damgov
- Phillip Dudero
- Richard Kellogg
- Luis Lebolo
- Jeremiah Mans
- Mayda Velasco
- Igor Vodopiyanov
bibliography:
- 'auto\_generated.bib'
title: 'Performance of CMS Hadron Calorimeter Timing and Synchronization using Test Beam, Cosmic Ray, and LHC Beam Data'
---

=1

$Revision: 1.30 $ $Date: 2010/01/12 00:25:27 $ $Name:  $

Introduction
============

The primary goal of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment [@cite:jinstcms] is to explore particle physics at the  energy scale exploiting the proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [@cite:jinstlhc]. The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconducting solenoid, of 6 m internal diameter, providing a field of 3.8 T. Within the field volume are the silicon pixel and strip tracker, the crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) and the brass/scintillator hadron calorimeter (HCAL). Muons are measured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the steel return yoke. In addition to the barrel and endcap detectors, CMS has extensive forward calorimetry.

The primary purpose of the HCAL is the measurement of hadronic energy from collisions in CMS. In addition to 