reconstruction, the LA sections were fit to the SA sections such that the ends of the LA Apical sections were fit to the SA basal sections. However, in-vivo experiments have shown that the longitudinal displacement of LV’s apex is small compared to other parts of LV during a cardiac cycle [@rogers1991quantification]. In addition, it is more realistic to assume that the SA sections are fixed in space for the 3D reconstruction because sections the images are captured by the transducer at fixed standard locations in the experiments. To that end, instead of varying the spatial position of the apex and the relative positions of the SA sections, the following is implemented and depicted illustratively in Fig. \[LV\_orientation\]. The position of SA sections, as well as the apex, are assumed to be fixed during a cardiac cycle. The positions of the SA sections are calculated at end systole where the length of the left ventricle is minimum and are assumed to be fixed during a cardiac cycle. Therefore, the distances of the SA sections are relatively constant with respect to one another at all time instances.

Valves reconstruction {#Valves reconstruction}
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In the LA Apical three-chambered view, both the mitral and 