the derivation of a phenomenological characterization of it. As a result, new communication algorithms can be developed so that maximum throughput can be achieved yet respecting EMC norms.

We can distinguish between two types of mode conversion that occur in different parts of the network: mode conversion at the interface between the coupler of the power line modem (PLM) and the network, and mode conversion along the network.

Coupler-network mode conversion
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In PLM, unwanted common mode transmission is mostly caused by an unbalance between the conductors on the chip, given by asymmetrical grounding of the traces, or by finite impedance connection between different ground planes [@649814]. Although the design of modern modems allows to produce almost perfectly balanced differential signals, the connection to a long wire antenna like a power line branch causes CM-to-DM conversion. This conversion is due to parasitic coupling between the integrated circuit (IC) and the TL, and to the non-idealities of the coupling transformer. In particular, differential currents in the IC generate magnetic fields that can couple to the TL and generate a CM voltage. Also differential voltages in the IC can generate a CM current on the TL due to capacitive coupling [@544310].

Similarly, 