distribution of neural activity* in certain regions of the cerebral cortex (e.g., Tononi and Koch 2008). If, because of neural interconnectivity, a certain specific pattern of neural activity distribution in one area triggers a specific distribution in another, and does so in univocal way (within limits), we are in presence of an information-based interaction between two cerebral regions; the pragmatic information involved *represents* that specific relationship, and we usually say that information has been transferred from one cerebral region to another.

When a scientist makes a measurement, the pragmatic information involved represents the correlation between an external pattern (e.g., the location in a reference space of a rigid body at a given time, the position of the dial in an instrument, the dots on cast dice, the color change of a solution) with a specific spatio-temporal pattern of neural activity in the prefrontal lobes, corresponding to the knowledge “it’s *this* particular state and not any other possible one”. The actual information-processing mechanisms in the brain linking one neural distribution with another are controlled by the actual synaptic wiring, which in certain regions, especially the hippocampus, has the ability of undergoing specific changes as a function of use (“plasticity")—the physiological expression 