levels, the result is that we can form two independent but almost identical potentials. These can, e.g., be shifted with respect to each other in a 2D plane using interferometrically stable methods, e.g., by adding path length to an interferometer arm in which the light is frequency-shifted in order to produce one of the trapping frequencies. As discussed above, this means of creating spin-dependent lattices has substantial advantages over spin-dependent lattices for Alkali atoms, where the lifetime is limited by the need to tune the lattice beams to a frequency in the middle of the fine structure splitting. Here, the lifetime will be controlled by the lifetime of the $^3$P$_0$ level (which is many seconds), or by off-resonant couplings to shorter lived states (but these will typically be many tens of nanometers detuned). In the presence of a second frequency (e.g., due to the laser creating the lattice for the second internal state), atoms can also be lost from the lower adiabatic potential, essentially being coupled out of the lattice into the continuum. However, due to the large momenta in the resulting state, this rate is suppressed exponentially in the ratio of the separation between manifolds in a Floquet basis 