triaxiality affects theoretical predictions, especially since the aforementioned difficulties with the CLASS sample has led various authors to offer possibilities as to how one might boost the expected quad-to-double ratios. Specifically, one can boost the quad-to-double ration in the class sample either from the effect of massive satellite galaxies near the lensing galaxies [@cohnkochanek04], or through the large-scale environment of the lensing galaxy [@keetonzabludoff04]. Clearly, we should determine whether halo triaxiality can be added to this list.

This brings us then to the final problem we consider here, namely whether the substructure population of lensing galaxies is different from that of non-lensing galaxies. Specifically, we have argued that lensing galaxies will not be isotropically distributed in space. Since the substructure distribution of a dark matter halo is typically aligned with its parent halo’s long axis [@zentneretal05; @libeskindetal05; @agustssonbrainerd06; @azzaroetal06], it follows that the projected distribution of substructures for lensing galaxies may in fact be different for lensing halos than for non-lensing halos. Such an effect could be quite important given the claimed tension between the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) predictions for the substructure mass fraction of halos [see @maoetal04] and their observed values [@dalalkochanek02a; @kochanekdalal04]. Likewise, such a bias would 