path ($R$) from the source to the CCD; the signal path ($S$) from the source to the target; and the target-return path ($T$) from the target to the bucket detector.

To account for the Kolmogorov-spectrum turbulence that is uniformly distributed along the three propagation paths, we make use of the quantum version of the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle [@Strohbehn1978; @footnote2] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{eq:Prop}
{\hat{E}}'_m({\bm\rho}',t) = \int\! d{\bm\rho}\, {\hat{E}}_m({\bm\rho},t)  \frac{k_0 e^{ik_0(L+|{\bm\rho}'-{\bm\rho}|^2/2L)}}{i2\pi L}\,e^{\psi_m({\bm\rho}', {\bm\rho})},\end{aligned}$$ where $k_0 = \omega_0/c = 2\pi/\lambda_0$, and $\psi_m({\bm\rho}', {\bm\rho})$ is a complex-valued random process that encapsulates the effects of turbulence on path $m$ from ${\bm\rho}$ to ${\bm\rho}'$. The real and imaginary parts of $\psi_m({\bm\rho}',{\bm\rho})$, which we will denote $\chi_m({\bm\rho}',{\bm\rho})$ and $\phi_m({\bm\rho}',{\bm\rho})$, are the logamplitude and phase fluctuations imposed on the field received at transverse coordinate ${\bm\rho}'$ over path $m$ from a point source at transverse coordinate ${\bm\rho}$. Because all the path lengths in Fig. \[fig:setup\] are equal, we have suppressed the $L/c$ line-of-sight propagation delay in Eq. (\[eq:Prop\]). We have also suppressed any time-dependence of the turbulence. Physically, this amounts to assuming that the integration time, $T_I$, employed in the Fig. \[fig:setup\] correlator is shorter than the $\sim$ms coherence time of the turbulence. However, that assumption is *not necessary for 