---
abstract: 'Using the fluctuational electrodynamics and nonequilibrium Green’s function methods, we demonstrate the existence of a current-induced heat transfer in double-layer graphene even when the temperatures of the two sheets are the same. The heat flux is quadratically dependent on the current. When temperatures are different, external voltage bias can reverse the direction of heat flow. The drift effect can exist in both macroscopic and nanosized double-layer graphene and extend to any other 2D electron systems. These results pave the way for a different approach to the thermal management through radiation in nonequilibrium systems.'
author:
- Jiebin Peng
- 'Jian-Sheng Wang'
bibliography:
- 'MWref.bib'
date: 28 January 2019
title: 'Current-Induced Heat Transfer in Double-Layer Graphene'
---

Introduction
============

Understanding and controlling the heat flow is a significant endeavor both in nonequilibrium statistical physics and in practical applications. Managing radiative heat transfer (RHT) at small scales is essential for the development of a wide variety of technologies, including phononics [@bLi2012], near-field thermophotovoltaics [@basu2009review] and thermal photonic analog of electronic devices [@PhysRevLett.112.044301]. In the last decades, near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) [@song2015near], where the separation distance is smaller than Wien’s wavelength, has been proposed to enhance the RHT through surface-plasmon polariton 