2) is any arrangement in which the presence of a specific pattern in a complex system $S$ (sometimes called the sender or the source) leads to a causal, macroscopic and *univocal* change in another complex system $R$ (the recipient), a change that would not happen (or just occur by chance) in the absence of the particular pattern at the source. Typical examples range from effects on their respective chemical environments of the one-dimensional pattern of bases in the RNA molecule or the three-dimensional shape of a folded protein; the light patterns detected by an insect and the resulting shape of its flight orbit around a light source; the patterns of neural electrical impulses in one region of the brain triggering impulses in another; to the perceived print patterns changing the state of knowledge in a reader’s brain. It is important to point out that information-driven interactions all require a complex interaction mechanism with a reset function (often considered part of one of the interacting bodies), and which ultimately provides the energy required to effect the specific change. Although we call them interactions, they are causally unidirectional, from source to recipient. However, the designation *inter*-action is justified in the sense that, 