surface. This Earth-scale transport of material produces the buoyant continental crust and releases and sequesters CO$_2$ through weathering of silicate rocks and arc volcanism at subduction zones [@Velb93; @Brad91; @Slee01; @Fole15; @Fole16]. In contrast a terrestrial planet without tectonic processes, such as one with a rigid lid like Mars, or undergoing episodic overturn like Venus, does not have a steady state cycling of material between the surface and interior. Even if Venus had a lower surface temperature, it is unable to regulate atmospheric CO$_{2}$, which may be rapidly released in pulses during overturn or a consequence of its solidification from a magma ocean [@Hama13]. The lack of standing continents and the formation of surface carbonic acid on Venus does not allow CO$_{2}$ to be efficiently buried, and it instead accumulates in the atmosphere, creating a runaway greenhouse.

The planetary controls that lead to mobile-lid regimes, including plate tectonics, and static-lid regimes are a matter of debate even for the well-determined compositional, thermal, and structural parameters found in the Solar System [e.g. @More98]. Models of large, terrestrial planets (so-called Super-Earths) have concluded that plate tectonics could be inevitable due to interior-to-surface heat transfer, surface gravity, and fault strength [@Vale07a; @vanH11], while 