retarded solution instead of an advanced solution. However, such models do not lead to favorable observational density values. Steady-state models also yield consistent retarded radiation solutions within the absorber mechanism model, but they are presently not favored due to difficulties with explaining the cosmic microwave background radiation. There is compelling evidence that the big-bang cosmology is favored by current observations[@Peebles]. We shall take this as supporting evidence for our absorber wave function collapse scenario, i.e. the present observational evidence for an expanding universe is consistent with a reversal of the arrow of time for nonlocal quantum measurements and the wave function reduction for entangled particle state vectors.

We stress at this juncture that all [*local*]{} quantum measurements do not involve the action of an absorber mechanism associated with all the charges in the universe, so they are not constrained in the above manner by cosmological observations. Cramer[@Cramer1; @Cramer2] assumed that the detecting devices were themselves emitters and absorbers independently of the rest of the charges in the universe and cosmological considerations. Thus, the collapse of the wave function and the ‘transactions’ of retarded and advanced waves were associated with local microscopic and macroscopic properties of the detecting device. With this 