by turbulent pumping. We note if the speed of the latitudinal pumping in on order of 1.0 ms$^{-1}$ the solutions are always of dipolar parity irrespective of whether one initializes the model with dipolar or quadrupolar parity. Interestingly, the latitudinal migration rate of the sunspot belt as observed is of the same order.

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   ![Results of solar dynamo simulations with turbulent pumping and without any meridional circulation. The convention is the same as in Fig. 2. The simulations show that solar-like sunspot cycles can be generated even without any meridional plasma flow in the solar interior. ](fig6a.eps "fig:")  
                                                                                                                           (a)                                              (b)                                                                                                                           
   ![Results of solar dynamo simulations with turbulent pumping and without any meridional circulation. The convention is the same as in Fig. 2. The simulations show that solar-like sunspot cycles can be generated even without any meridional plasma flow in the solar interior. ](fig6b.eps "fig:")  
                                                                                                                                                      (c)                                                                                                                                                 
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The above result begs the question whether flux transport solar dynamo models based on the Babcock-Leighton mechanism that include turbulent pumping can operate without any meridional plasma flow. To test this, we remove meridional circulation completely from our model and perform simulations with turbulent pumping included. We find that this model generates 