---
author:
- Gerhard Hensler
title: Morphological Mutations of Dwarf Galaxies
---

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Introduction {#intro}
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By the continuous growth of telescope size and advanced detector sensitivity the panchromatic view of galaxies is enabling us since the HST time to trace the evolution of massive galaxies observationally back to high redshifts. As examples the existence of intact gas-rich galaxy disks around redshift 2 has provided us a new insight into the gas accumulation and causes for the high star-formation rates (SFRs). Although dwarf galaxies (DGs) also exist already at that early epoch, but because of their faintness, those observations are not as feasible for them so that our wisdom of DG formation and evolution depends on assumptions from numerical simulations and from their comparison with stellar population studies of DGs in the local universe. Nevertheless, due to the improved observational facilities also for the DGs, details of their properties have affected our picture of their formation and evolution. The first impression from decades ago, that DGs possess simple structures and evolve morphologically clearly separated, has changed totally in the sense that a classical morphological division of them is meaningless in the view of the variety of DG types: there are 