validity of the technique on two simple test cases. This new simulation algorithm can in principle be used on an arbitrary distribution function, enabling the simulation of warm and hot dark matter structure formation scenarios.'
author:
- |
    Matthieu Schaller$^1$[^1], Claude Becker$^2$, Oleg Ruchayskiy$^2$, Alexey Boyarsky$^{3,4}$ and Mikhail Shaposhnikov$^2$\
    $^1$Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 3LE\
    $^2$Institut de Théorie des Phénomènes Physiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland\
    $^3$Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Universiteit Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, The Netherlands\
    $^4$Bogolyubov Institute of Theoretical Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine
bibliography:
- './bibliography.bib'
date: 'Accepted 2014 May 29. Received 2014 May 21; in original form 2013 October 27'
nocite: '[@*]'
title: A new framework for numerical simulations of structure formation
---

\[firstpage\]

cosmology: theory, dark matter, large-scale structure of Universe – methods: N-body, numerical

Introduction {#sec:introduction}
============

The Lambda Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model is the current theoretical framework to describe the formation and evolution of large scale structures in the Universe. In this model, the growth of structures occurs through the hierarchical collapse of a collisionless fluid of cold dark matter (CDM). Small initial perturbations grow through merging to create more and more massive 