Since AMI and Healthy left ventricle have different stroke-volume and heart beat rate, to be able to compare the performance of the LV in different cases the rate of loss is calculated per $lit$ of blood pumped in each simulation as follows: $$\dot{loss}~ (J/lit)= \frac{loss \times HR}{CO}$$ where $CO$ is the cardiac output and $HR$ is the heart rate. Table \[work\_load\] compares the $\dot{loss}$ of the LV during a cardiac cycle for different smoothing algorithms, without heart valve, and AMI simulations.

### Effect of mitral valve

The vortex ring generated during the rapid filling (E-wave) is one of the key characteristics of intraventricular flows [@gharib2006optimal]. Figure \[healthy-vortex\] shows the vortical structures inside healthy LV with incorporate ventricular valves during diastole phase visualized by iso-surface of q-criteria [@haller2005objective]. For comparison, Fig. \[healthy-vortex-without\] shows the same visualization for the LV without valves at the same time instances. As can be observed in Fig. \[healthy-vortex\] at time $t/T=0.448$ (t/T=instance time / cardiac cycle length), in the early diastolic phase where the mitral valve leaflets are just beginning to open, the vortex ring starts forming on the tip of the leaflet of the mitral valve. Since the mitral orifice is a circular this vortex 