enough for use in clinical practice – the simplifications in the CMP model do not accurately represent real electrical behaviour in the heart.

Limitations in the current work come under three categories, (a) intrinsic limitations in the original CMP model, (b) limitations in our simplified implementation of the original CMP model, and (c) limitations arising in the data analysis and machine learning procedures.

\(a) The CMP model is not a fully realistic model of the atria. It represents a simplified 2D cylindrical topology of the myocardium and has all cells arranged in a consistent square lattice. The refractory period of cells are uniform and fixed, and the cell to cell conduction velocities at the microscopic level are constant, traversing one cell to cell coupling per time step. In this current form, the CMP model is not suited to studying some of the rate dependent effects typically studied in continuous models of AF. However, the CMP model’s explicit focus on tissue anisotropy and the presence of fibrosis demonstrates that the key features of AF can spontaneously arise without the need for the extra detail studied in other computationally intensive models [@clayton2011]. Furthermore, inhomogeneities in refractory period can be implemented with small 