assess the impacts of EV charging. For the last question, notice that the optimization problem formulated by Equation (\[obj\]) is intractable since the optimal placement decision for every service provider also depends on the decisions taken by other service providers. To this end, we employ a Bayesian game model to characterize the strategic interaction and price competition among the service providers. We will calculate the optimal placement strategies and prices in Section [slowromancap5@]{}.

Charging Demand of EV Charging Station
======================================

In this paper, the aggregated charging demand at a charging station candidate is defined as the sum of the product of the probability that EV owners choose that particular charging station and the electricity required to charge the EVs. The charging behaviors of the EV owners may be influenced by many factors that include the charging price, travel cost, amenities at or near the charging station, the travel purpose, EV owner’s income, and so on. We use the nested logit model to characterize the attractiveness of a charging station.

Nested Logit Model And Probability of Choice
--------------------------------------------

The nested logit model is widely used in the analysis and prediction of a consumer’s choice from a finite set of choice alternatives 