energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. Experimental data are compared with the expectations from EV-SHGM with and without the effect of collective flow.](et_thermal.pdf){height="25em"}

In figure 12, we demonstrate the ratio $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ for the most central collisions with respect to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ starting from lower AGS energies to LHC energies. We confront EV-SHGM calculations with the experimental data [@Sahoo:2014aca; @Adler:2004zn; @Adam:2016thv; @Chatrchyan:2012mb]. Here, the solid symbol at LHC is the CMS data while open symbol is the ALICE data. The model seems to explain the data at SPS and RHIC energies but fails at LHC energies. These findings may hint for possible non-equilibrium phenomena playing an important role at LHC. We also show the results obtained in our thermal model with the effect of flow. We notice that our model with flow explains the ALICE data [@Adam:2016thv] within the experimental errors while it could not explain the CMS data [@Chatrchyan:2012mb] at LHC energies, which indicates a more precise estimation of $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ at the LHC.

![Variations of average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T} \rangle$) with respect to $N_{part}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV. Symbols are the experimental data and lines are model results.](avpT.pdf){height="22em"}

We have studied the average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T} \rangle$) of hadrons 