to compute the probability that an EV owner will go to a certain charging station, even though, an EV owner’s decision may not always comply with the calculated probabilities. An individual EV owner may go to a fixed charging station at his/her discretion. However, employing the nested logit model provides a statistically meaningful prediction for the charging demand based on ensemble averages.

The Impact of EV Integration on Power Grid
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The main function of the power grid is to deliver electricity to users reliably and economically. However, large-scale EV integration can potentially disrupt the normal operation of power grid in terms of system stability, severe power loss, frequency variation, voltage imbalance, etc. Generally, the variations in voltage and frequency of electricity are considered as the major factors to characterize the power quality.

Assume that the power system has $M$ generators and $D$ buses (substations), and the power flow study approach [@powerflow] is applied to solve the voltage, real power, and reactive power in the power system. Consider the node power equations, which can be written as real and reactive power for each bus.

$$\label{networkflow1}
0=-P_i+\sum_{k=1}^N|v_i||v_k|(G_{ik}\cos\phi_{ik}+B_{ik}\sin\phi_{ik}),$$

$$\label{networkflow2}
0=-Q_i+\sum_{k=1}^N|v_i||v_k|(G_{ik}\sin\phi_{ik}-B_{ik}\cos\phi_{ik}),$$

where $P_i$ and $Q_i$ are, respectively, the injected real power and reactive 