world’s population is at risk [@world2004world]. They are typically associated with the tropics and subtropics where these diseases are endemic. However, recently these diseases have expanded their geographical distribution and have been reported in many temperate countries. For instance, Dengue and Chikungunya have been reported in France [@gould2010first; @grandadam2011chikungunya; @paty2014large; @vega2013high], Italy [@poletti2011transmission; @rezza2007infection], and Portugal [@wilder20142012]. The CDC recently [@CDCVectorBorneUSA] reported that mosquito, tick, and flea bite borne diseases tripled in the United States from 2004 through 2016.\
Many drivers are reported to be behind the geographic expansion of vector-borne diseases, including but not limited to trade, travel, climate change, urbanization and other social upheaval phenomena [@jones2008global; @kilpatrick2012drivers; @rogers2006climate]. Particularly, immigration and migration have been pointed to be the leading drivers in the emergence of vector-borne diseases in temperate nations [@barnett2008role]. For instance, a term *Airport malaria* has been coined by [@isaacson1989airport]. Indeed, it describes a malaria infection that has resulted from the bite of an infected tropical anopheline mosquito by persons whose geographic history excludes exposure to this vector in its natural habitat [@isaacson1989airport]. Hereafter, we use the term “immigrants" to represent both endemic area borne individuals migrating into a “naïve" area as well as non-endemic area native 