one-dimensional CA [@peeters2009space] showing discontinuities and strong path-dependence in settlement patterns.

In this context, we propose a *hybrid* model of urban growth that combines a CA approach with a graph topology containing long-range edges. It is inspired by Moreno et al.’s work [@MBB09; @moreno2007conception], which integrates a network dynamics in a CA model of urban morphology. Its goal was to test the effects of physical proximity on urban development by introducing urban mobility in a network whose evolution was coupled with the evolution of urban shape. We generalize this type of model to take into account *heterogeneous urban activities* and the *functional properties* that they create in the urban environment. This idea was introduced by White [@white2006modeling] and explored by van Vliet et al. [@van2012activity] but, to our knowledge, never considered from the perspective of *physical accessibility* and its impact on sprawl patterns.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The model and indicator functions used to quantify the generated patterns are explained in Section \[sec\_model\]. Next, Section \[sec\_results\] presents the results of internal and external validations of the model by sensitivity analysis and reproduction of typical urban patterns. It is followed by an application to a concrete 