measure of charge that is quantized is known as the ‘Page charge.’ While the value of this charge is not gauge invariant, its value for this configuration is an integer in any gauge [@half]. In particular, in simple gauges one finds either zero or one units of fundamental string charge.

However, one can show [@half] that the distinction between brane-source and Page charge is important only for the case that the fundamental string charge runs to infinity along the worldvolume of the D2-brane[^1]. Note, however, that the flux of fundamental string charge or world-volume gauge field to infinity will obstruct any attempts to compactify this solution in the directions along the D2-brane. Because the flux is only outward, no consistent identifications can be imposed on solutions with such a flux. From the worldvolume perspective, this is just the familiar statement that the total charge coupled to the gauge field must vanish on a compact worldvolume. As a result, such configurations cannot be compactified and therefore are not in fact related by T-duality to the D0/D8 case.

Thus, the issue remains. However, we have learned that we must focus on the case in which no fundamental string brane-source charge flows along 