factor that can possibly explain these differences is the cultural difference. In different cultures, individuals make different choices. For instance, in the west, people exhibit greater inertia to give up their working/life routines so that they do not follow the orders seriously. While in the east, people tend to obey the rules better. These different individual choices can result in significantly different outcomes in disease propagation that cannot be captured by a macroscopic model.

#### A Microscopic Epidemic Model

In this paper, we develop a microscopic epidemic model by explicitly considering individual decisions and the interaction among different individuals in the population, in the framework of multi-agent systems. The aforementioned cultural difference can be understood as a difference in agents’ cost functions, which then affect their behaviors when they are trying to minimize their cost functions. The details of the microscopic epidemic model will be explained in the next section, followed by the analysis of the dynamics of the multi-agent system, and the prediction of system trajectories using multi-agent reinforcement learning. The model is still in its preliminary form. In the discussion section, future directions are pointed out to make the model more realistic.

Microscopic Epidemic Model
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Suppose there 