spent on gathering information about the problem to solve and the right setup of parameters to use; the training of the learning agent then usually follows one of a few standard procedures and can run rather automatically. However, preparing and testing the component’s adaptive abilities might take a lot of effort, which might occur in the design and test phase instead of the deployment phase of the system life-cycle.

\[con:general\] To provide room for and exploit the system’s ability to self-adapt, many artifacts produced by the engineering process tend to become more general in nature, i.e., they tend to feature more open parameters or degrees of freedom in their description. In effect, in the place of single artifacts in a classical development process, we tend to find families of artifacts or processes generating artifacts when developing a complex adaptive system. As we assume that the previously only static artifact is still included in the set of artifacts available in its place now, we call this shift “generalization” of artifacts. Following this change, many of the activities performed during development shift their targets from concrete implementations to more general artifact, i.e., when building a test suite no longer yields a series 