another 56%, to 841 GW, by 2022 [@gwec2017]. In the United States, wind plants generated more than 300,000 in 2019, about 7.5% of the total U.S. electricity generation from utility-scale facilities that year, with a 50% increase over a 6-year period [@us2020monthly].

This rapid growth of the wind energy industry is putting an increased spotlight on the accuracy and consistency of AEP calculations. For preconstruction AEP estimates, there has been considerable movement toward standardization. The International Energy Commission (IEC) is currently developing a standard [@iec15] and there have long been guidance and best practices available [@brower2012]. By contrast, long-term operational AEP estimates do not have such extensive guidance or standards. Only limited standards covering operational analyses exist; [@iec12] addresses turbine power curve testing, and [@iec26] addresses the derivation and categorization of availability loss metrics. However, to our knowledge, there are no standards and very limited published guidance on calculating long-term AEP from operational data. Rather, documentation seems to be limited to a consultant report [@lindvall2016], an academic thesis [@khatab2017], and limited conference proceedings [@cameron2012; @lunacek2018].

Documentation and standards for preconstruction AEP methods are of limited use for operational-based AEP methods, given the many differences between the two approaches. In general, 