thus governing the animal’s integral behavior. These processes may change the interconnectivity (synaptic architecture) of participating neural networks (the learning process), leading to long-term storage of information. A memory recall consists of the replay of the original neural activity distribution that had led to the synaptic changes during memory storage; the most important type is the *associative recall*, in which the replay is triggered by a cue embedded in the ongoing neural activity distribution (for examples, see Roederer, 2005). Expressed in terms of pragmatic information: in the act of remembering or imagining a certain object, information on that object stored in the synaptic architecture of the brain is retro-transferred in the form of neural impulse patterns, mostly via subcortical networks, to the visual cortex and/or other pertinent sensory areas, where it triggers neural activity specific to the *actual* sensory perception of the object. Neuroscientists call the specific microscopic distribution of neural activity responsible for any subjective experience a *neural correlate*.

Let us point out at this stage that in the definition of pragmatic information, it is often the case that different source patterns can lead to the same change in the recipient (e.g., different shapes, sizes and colors of an 