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abstract: 'We present a practical $S$-matrix to potential inversion procedure for coupled-channel scattering. The inversion technique developed is applied to non-diagonal $S^J_{ll''}$ for spin one projectiles, yielding a tensor interaction and is also applicable to spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ plus spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ scattering. The method is a generalization of the iterative-perturbative, IP, method. It is tested and evaluated and we investigate the degree of uniqueness of the potential, particularly for cases where there is insufficient information to define the potential uniquely. We examine the potentials which result when the $S$-matrix is generated from a $T_{\rm P}$ interaction. We also develop the generalisation, using established procedures, of IP $S$-matrix-to-potential inversion to direct observable-to-potential inversion. This ‘direct inversion’ procedure is demonstrated to be an efficient method for finding a multi-component potential including a  interaction fitting multi-energy $\sigma$, ${\rm i}T_{11}$, $T_{20}$, $T_{21}$ and $T_{22}$ data for the scattering of spin-1 nuclei from spin-zero target. It is applicable to other channel spin 1 cases.'
address: |
    $^{\dag}$Physics Department, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, U.K.\
    $^{\ddag}$Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. 
author:
- 'S.G. Cooper$^{\dag}$, V.I. Kukulin$^{\ddag}$, R.S. Mackintosh$^{\dag}$ and V.N. Pomerantsev$^{\ddag}$'
title: |
    An inversion procedure for coupled-channel scattering:\
    determining the 