require the use of national IDs to register on blockchains (AMLD5[@AMLD5], FATF[@fatfGuidance], Cyberspace Administration of China[@chinaRules; @chinaIdentityRegulation]).

Building Blocks
===============

Consensus based on the Cryptographic Random Selection of Transaction Processing Nodes\[sub:Modern-Consensus-based-on\]
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The new family of consensus algorithms based on the cryptographically random selection of transaction processing nodes[@cryptoeprint:2016:918; @cryptoeprint:2016:919; @cryptoeprint:2017:406; @cryptoeprint:2017:454; @dfinityConsensus] is characterised by:

[|c|&gt;p[5cm]{}|c|]{} Consensus algorithm & Random selection method & Sybil resistance[\
]{} OmniLedger & PVSS + collective BLS/BDN signatures [@cryptoeprint:2016:1067; @cryptoeprint:2017:406; @cryptoeprint:2018:483; @cryptoeprint:2019:676] & PoW/PoS[\
]{} RapidChain & Performance improvements over OmniLedger[@cryptoeprint:2018:460] & PoS[\
]{} Algorand & Cryptographic sortition by a unique digital signature & PoS[\
]{} Dfinity & BLS threshold signature scheme[@Boneh01shortsignatures] & PoS[\
]{} Snow White & Extract public keys based on the amount of currency owned & PoS[\
]{}

-   Transaction processing workers/nodes are randomly selected from a larger group: in the case of Dfinity[@dfinityConsensus], an unbiasable, unpredictable verifiable random function (VRF) based on the BLS threshold signature scheme[@Boneh01shortsignatures] with the properties of uniqueness and non-interactivity; in the case of OmniLedger[@cryptoeprint:2017:406], the original proposal used a collective Schnorr threshold signature scheme[@DBLP:journals/corr/SytaTVWF15; @cryptoeprint:2016:1067; @cryptoeprint:2017:406], although it has been updated to collective BLS/BDN signatures[@cryptoeprint:2018:483] and now it uses MOTOR[@cryptoeprint:2019:676] instead of ByzCoin[@DBLP:journals/corr/Kokoris-KogiasJ16] with improvements for 