Australia 3800
bibliography:
- 'fred.bib'
title: Seismology of the Wounded Sun
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Sun: helioseismology – Sun: oscillations – Sun: magnetic fields

Introduction
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Classical local helioseismology [@GizBir05aa] uses Doppler velocity or intensity data from near the solar surface to probe the Sun’s interior: thermal, magnetic, and flow properties may all be inferred with varying degrees of reliability. The overlying atmosphere, the chromosphere and corona, are generally assumed to not be important in this process, though a separate ‘coronal seismology’ [@NakVer05aa; @De-05aa; @SteZaiNak12aa] using observations from coronal heights and aimed at determining the physical characteristics of coronal structures has developed in recent years. It is well-appreciated that the Sun’s internal waves manifest in the atmosphere as well, particularly in active regions [@BogJud06aa; @JefMcIArm06aa; @KhoCal13aa], but any back-reaction on the interior seismology has heretofore been largely ignored [though see @KhoCol09aa for an explanation of acoustic halos that relies on reflected fast waves]. We argue that this neglect can lead to serious errors in interpretation of seismic data.

![Schematic diagram ($x$-$z$ plane) depicting fast/slow conversion/transmission at the equipartition level $a=c$, and fast-to-Alfvén conversion in a nebulous region near the fast wave reflection height. The magnetic field lines are shown as background. Conversion to 