the limits of human agents to act rationally in the economic sense [@kahneman2003maps].

An important property in the context of economic rationality is *reference independence*: a decision-maker’s preferences over a set of items $S$ should not be affected by the presence, or absence, of additional items $S+$. The negation of reference independence–*reference dependence*–as established as a theory by Tversky and Kahneman [@10.2307/2006743] and empirically validated as a phenomenon in human decision-making by, *e.g.*, Bateman *et al.* [@bateman1997test], stipulates that an agent might change their initial preference $a \succeq b$ out of the set of possible choices $A$, with $a, b \in A$ to $b \succeq a$, depending on *reference points* that are either added to the choice set itself or provided as additional context, but that do not impact the value or quality of either $a$ or $b$. As a real-world example, let us summarize a study by Doyle *et al.* [@doyle1999robustness]. In a grocery store, two brands of baked beans $x$ and $y$ are sold. $x$ and $y$ are sold in cans of the same size. Although $x$ is cheaper than $y$, only 19% of bean sales are of brand $x$. By adding a new option $x'$–a smaller can 