uncertainties in $H_0$ and their effect on $\log(M/L)$ will be addressed later.

Local Galaxy Mass-to-Light Ratio Comparison Sample {#s:local}
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Dynamical Modeling Sources {#ss:local}
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To study the $M/L$ evolution with redshift we need a comparison sample of dynamically inferred $M/L$ values for [*nearby*]{} early-type galaxies. We restrict our attention here to five detailed dynamical modeling studies that addressed relatively large samples: van der Marel (1991, hereafter vdM91); Magorrian [[et al. ]{}]{}(1998, hereafter M98); Kronawitter [[et al. ]{}]{}(2000, hereafter K00); Gebhardt [[et al. ]{}]{}(2003, hereafter G03); and Cappellari [[et al. ]{}]{}(2006a, hereafter C06). These studies differ from each other in many ways, both in terms of the quality and nature of the data that were used, and in the methods and sophistication of the modeling. In particular:

-   vdM91 and K00 used ground-based photometry, whereas M98, G03 and C06 used a combination of both HST and ground-based photometry;

-   vdM91, M98, K00 and C06 used ground-based spectroscopy, whereas G03 used a combination of ground-based and HST spectroscopy;

-   vdM91, M98, K00 and G03 used long-slit spectroscopy along one or more slit position angles, whereas C06 used fully two-dimensional integral-field spectroscopy;

-   K03 constructed spherical dynamical models (they restricted their sample 