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abstract: 'The antiferromagnetic (AF) model is generalized for the quasielectron system composed of identical ionic-covalent dimers. The density-fluctuation and covalent-correlation operators are constructed based on the extended AF density matrices, and the quasielectron system is decomposed into 4-level subsystems for the electron ionization and affinity. By considering the nearest-neighbor hopping near the covalent limit, we can see the importance of the bonding coefficients to the effective mass of the excited carrier in the crystal of the zincblende structure.'
author:
- 'C. F. Huang'
title: 'An extended antiferromagnetic model for quasielectrons in identical ionic-covalent bonds'
---

Introduction
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Different quasiparticles are taken into account for many-electron systems. Based on the Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer (BCS) theory [@James], the Bogoliubov-BCS quasiparticles are constructed under the superconducting (SC) order by considering Bogoliubov-deGennes or Hartree-Bogoliubov equations [@Ghosal; @Barankov; @Paar]. The antiferromagnetic (AF) quasielectrons are introduced when the orbital antiferromagnetism or the d-density wave (DDW) order becomes important [@Gerami; @Chakravarty], and the quasiparticles under multiple orders are discussed in the literature [@Bena; @Kee; @Huang1; @Laughlin; @Ramshaw]. The Hubbard model [@Mahan] may help us to clarify the SC and AF behaviors, and the 4-level Hubbard dimer [@Matlak1; @Matlak2] is constructed by including the up- and down-spin 