he was able to go [@Larreya:2009].

Our focus was on the eight modalities in Figure \[8-modalities\], where P is a proposition (the [*target*]{} of the [*triggering*]{} modality) and H is the holder (experiencer or cognizer of the modality). Some of the eight factivity-related modalities may overlap with sentiment or evidentiality. For example, [*want*]{} indicates that the proposition it scopes over may not be a fact (it may just be desired), but it also expresses positive sentiment toward the proposition it scopes over. We assume that sentiment and evidentiality are covered under separate coding schemes, and that words like [*want*]{} would have two tags, one for sentiment and one for factivity.

The Modality/Negation Annotation Scheme {#modality-annotation-scheme}
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The challenge of creating a MN annotation scheme was to deal with the complex scoping of modalities with each other and with negation, while at the same time creating a simplified operational procedure that could be followed by language experts without special training. Below we describe our MN annotation framework, including a set of linguistic simplifications, and then we present our methodology for creation of a publicly available MN lexicon. The modality annotation scheme is fully documented in a set of guidelines that were 