each year along the coast of southern Ecuador and northern Peru during the southern hemisphere summer when the southeast trade winds are weakest (Enfield 1989). Now that the warm current is from the north, it should pass through the equator and contribute to the concerned anomaly of SST. Probably, this temperature-increasing intensity can not be reached by placing hope merely on the depression of cold upwelling with a deeper thermocline. Additionally, under the framework of this conceptual model, meridional currents that induce recharging or discharging should be symmetric with respect to the equator. However, reality does not appear to follow these assumptions and assertions. Probably, it is just the current asymmetry who results in the ENSO asymmetry. To verify this, the specific locations of them need to be clarified.

Based on the foregoing summary, we make a bold conjecture here: *the ENSO cycle is horizontally dependent rather than vertically dependent*, and any objective ENSO model should follow the full dynamic ring depicted in , where its horizontal scope should include, at least, the whole tropical Pacific. The reason for this is that the northeast and southeast trade winds on both sides of the equator cover the entire tropical Pacific. Refer 