had an accidental near-degeneracy in the levels of Sm$^{149}$ + n and Sm$^{150}$ not been present two billion years ago! Clearly some of the requisite calculations enter further into the realm of fantasy than others. But it is a valid and I think profound general observation that the freedom to do numerical experiments with unrealistic values of moduli could help bring this particular branch of metaphysics into the realm of hard science.

Many-Particle Physics
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Opportunities
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### The $T\neq 0$ Equation of State

A major achievement of lattice gauge theories in recent years has been to map out the energy and pressure, as a function of temperature, for various idealizations of QCD. It is quite striking how the number of effective degrees of freedom ascends to something near the free quark-gluon value, at a remarkably low temperature by the standards of typical hadron masses. This phenomenon is one of the main inspirations for experimental programs to study quark-gluon plasma at RHIC and eventually ALICE.

A fully realistic simulation, with good implementation of chiral symmetry and accurate values of the quark masses, is called for. The value of the strange quark mass is especially important. It is likely that for 