damage noise is the fluctuation of $A_{i}(q)$, which is characterized by the standard deviation of $A_{i}(q)$, which we denote by $\sigma_A(q)$. The second contribution to damage noise is the deviation of $B_{ij}(\textbf{q})$ from the average speckle $B(\textbf{q})$, which has a standard deviation $\sigma_B(q)$. The term $\sigma_B(q)$ is given by the difference between the standard deviation of the second term on the right-hand side of Eq minus the standard deviation of the second term on the right-hand side of Eq . In Appendices \[sec:app:sigA\] and \[sec:app:sigB\], we provide derivations of $\sigma_A(q)$ and $\sigma_B(q)$ that give the following results: $$\begin{aligned}
\sigma^2_A(q) = \int^T_0 \int^T_0 \left[ \langle f^2(q,t) f^2(q,t') \rangle - \langle f^2(q,t)\rangle \langle f^2(q,t') \rangle \right] dt dt'
\label{eq:sigA}\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\sigma^2_B(q) = \int^T_0 \int^T_0 \Big[  &\langle f(q,t) f(q,t') \rangle^2 e^{-4\pi^2 q^2 |\overline{\bm{\epsilon}}^2(t, t')|} 
\nonumber \\
&\qquad - \langle f(q,t) \rangle^2 \langle f(q,t') \rangle^2 e^{-4\pi^2 q^2 \overline{\bm{\epsilon}}(t)^2} e^{-4\pi^2 q^2 \overline{\bm{\epsilon}}(t')^2} \Big] dt dt' \;.
\label{eq:sigB}\end{aligned}$$ By comparing the size of the signal to the size of the shot-noise and damage-noise levels, we can gauge how much information is contained by each measurement about the molecule’s structure. Here we will study how the diffraction pattern varies as a function of pulse duration and 