in our model while calculating the $\langle p_{T} \rangle$ and take assumption of centrality independent $\langle \beta_{r} \rangle$.

$E_{T}/N_{ch}$ and Freeze-out
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![The comparison between the experimental data on $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ and the expectations from various universal freeze-out criteria in EV-SHGM.](universal_et.pdf){height="25em"}

In this section, we discuss the comparison of the experimental data on the ratio $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ with that calculated in EV-SHGM using the various universal freeze-out criteria. Various observables such as the energy per hadrons (E/N)$\approx$1.0 [@Cleymans:1998fq; @Cleymans:2005xv], the sum of baryons and antibaryons ($n_{B}+n_{\bar{B}}$)$\approx0.12/fm^3$ [@BraunMunzinger:2001mh], the normalized entropy density, $s/T^3\approx7.0$ [@Tawfik:2004vv], and the entropy per hadron (S/N)$\approx$7.0 [@Tiwari:2012] are proposed as universal freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions. These observables are almost independent of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ except at lower energies. In figure 14, we show the variations of $E_{T}/N_{ch}$ with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ from AGS to LHC energies. Here, the symbols are the experimental data while the lines are those calculated using various freeze-out criteria in our excluded-volume model. In our model, the values of these criteria are different than that mentioned above in the text, which are shown in the figure. We find a similar behaviour between the experimental data and those calculated using freeze-out criteria [@Cleymans:2008it] in our model upto top RHIC 