developments in the theory of dynamical systems.

This property is closely related to the study of hyperbolic systems initiated during the 1960’s. Around that time Stephen Smale noticed that certain maps arising from forced oscillations and geodesic flows on surfaces of negative curvature had similar geometric and analytic properties. This motivated his definition of what we know today as *uniformly hyperbolic systems*. At the same time, the Russian school (an incomplete list contains such names as Anosov, Sinai, Katok) worked intensively on Anosov systems, that is, diffeomorphisms of manifolds under which the whole manifold is hyperbolic. Many properties of uniformly hyperbolic systems are consequences of the Specification Theorem [@KH Thm. 18.3.9]. It states that a diffeomorphism restricted to a compact locally maximal hyperbolic set has the specification property. This result, together with the closely related Shadowing Theorem [@KH Thm. 18.1.3] provides tools of great utility in exploring the topological structure and statistical behavior of uniformly hyperbolic systems. There are other important classes of dynamical systems that also have the specification property. Mixing interval maps or, more generally, graph maps, mixing cocyclic shifts (in particular, mixing sofic shifts, and thus shifts of finite type) are among them. Needless to say that 