by the principle of microscopic reversibility, the fluctuation [into]{} existence of a wormhole having widely separated entrances ought to occur equally readily. This means that every region of space must, through the quantum principle, be potentially “close” to every other region, something that is certainly not obvious from the operator field equations which, like their classical counterparts, are strictly local.…It is difficult to imagine any way in which widely separated regions of space can be “potentially close” to each other unless space-time itself is embedded in a convoluted way in a higher-dimensional manifold. Additionally, a dynamical agency in that higher-dimensional manifold must exist which can transmit a sense of that closeness.]{}

The quantitative network calculations in the mentioned papers have mainly been performed within the framework of [random graphs]{}. Important mathematical tools for the network analysis in the transition from microscopic, strongly fluctuating and geometrically irregular scales to coarse-grained and, by the same token, smoother scales have been the concepts of [cliques]{} of nodes, the [clique-graph]{} of a graph and an important network parameter which we dubbed [intrinsic scaling dimension]{} (we later learned, [@R3], that this concept plays also an important role in [geometric group theory]{} or [Cayley-graphs]{} where it 