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abstract: 'Recent work has indicated that ghost imaging may have applications in standoff sensing. However, most theoretical work has addressed transmission-based ghost imaging. To be a viable remote-sensing system, the ghost imager needs to image rough-surfaced targets in reflection through long, turbulent optical paths. We develop, within a Gaussian-state framework, expressions for the spatial resolution, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio of such a system. We consider rough-surfaced targets that create fully developed speckle in their returns, and Kolmogorov-spectrum turbulence that is uniformly distributed along all propagation paths. We address both classical and nonclassical optical sources, as well as a computational ghost imager.'
author:
- 'Nicholas D. Hardy'
- 'Jeffrey H. Shapiro'
title: Reflective Ghost Imaging through Turbulence
---

Introduction
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Ghost imaging is a transverse active-imaging technique that exploits the correlation between two light beams to image a target without spatially-resolving measurements of the light beam that has undergone target interaction. The two beams are the signal, which interacts with the target and then is measured by a single-pixel bucket detector, and the reference, which is directly measured by a high spatial-resolution detector. An intensity cross-correlation between the signal beam that encounters the target and the reference beam that 