### EFTUD2 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** EFTUD2  
**Function:** The EFTUD2 gene encodes a GTPase that is a crucial component of the spliceosome, a complex responsible for the splicing of precursor mRNAs into mature mRNAs. This process is essential for gene expression and the regulation of cellular functions.

### Associated Genes
EFTUD2 has been linked to several other genes, particularly those involved in similar processes or related disorders. These may include:

1. **SNRNP200** - another component of the spliceosome complex.
2. **U5 snRNP proteins (e.g., SNRNP25, SNRNP40)** - involved in the assembly and function of spliceosomal complexes.
3. **PRPF31** and **PRPF8** - genes associated with pre-mRNA splicing that have also been implicated in various splicing-related disorders.

### Aging and Age-Related Diseases
While direct links between EFTUD2 and aging or age-related diseases are less defined, the role of splicing in gene expression has implications for cellular aging. Dysregulation of RNA splicing can lead to cellular stress responses, which are implicated in aging and age-related diseases. Moreover, EFTUD2 mutations lead to congenital defects, such as mandibulofacial dysostosis, which suggest that proper splicing mechanisms are critical from early development throughout life.

### Drug Interactions
Currently, there are no specific drugs or drug classes publicly known to directly interact with the EFTUD2 gene product. However, as a component of the spliceosome and given that many splicing factors can be influenced by small molecules, compounds that modulate spliceosome activity may indirectly affect EFTUD2-related processes. Researchers explore a range of compounds targeting RNA splicing for therapeutic development, especially in cancer and genetic disorders.

### Pathways and Biological Processes
EFTUD2 is involved in several key pathways and biological processes, including:

1. **mRNA Splicing:** The principal role of EFTUD2 is its involvement in spliceosomal complex assembly and function, affecting both the recognition of splice sites and the catalysis of splicing reactions.
2. **Pre-mRNA Processing:** As part of the spliceosome, EFTUD2 is involved in converting precursor mRNA into mature mRNA, which is essential for the production of functional proteins.
3. **RNA Metabolism:** EFTUD2 plays a wider role in RNA metabolism, affecting various aspects of RNA life cycles, including transport, degradation, and stability.
4. **Minor Spliceosome Activity:** EFTUD2 is also engaged in the splicing of U12-type introns, representing an alternative splicing pathway that is active in specific cell types and under certain developmental conditions.

Overall, the EFTUD2 gene is a vital player in the intricate machinery of RNA splicing, with significant implications for genomic stability and developmental processes. Disruptions in EFTUD2 function can have profound consequences, underscoring its importance in both genetics and molecular biology.