### KCNE4 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** KCNE4  
**Description:** The KCNE4 gene encodes an ancillary protein that functions as a beta subunit for voltage-gated potassium channels. This gene is part of the isk-related subfamily and is crucial for modulating the gating kinetics and stability of potassium channel complexes. It is predominantly expressed in the embryo and adult uterus.

### 1. Associated Genes

KCNE4 has several known gene interactions, particularly with other potassium channel components:

- **KCNQ1 (also known as KVQT1):** This gene encodes a potassium channel alpha subunit that forms a complex with KCNE4. KCNQ1 is involved in cardiac repolarization and is associated with Long QT Syndrome.
- **KCNQ4:** Another member of the KCNQ family that may also interact with KCNE4 in neuronal tissues.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases

While specific direct correlations of KCNE4 with aging or age-related diseases are not extensively documented, the potassium channels, in general, are known to play significant roles in various physiological processes, including cellular excitability and cardiac function, which can be affected by aging. 

Implications include:

- Altered potassium channel functions may lead to age-related cardiovascular issues such as arrhythmias, as KCNQ1 associates with KCNE4 and is integral to cardiac repolarization.
- Neurodegenerative diseases may also involve dysfunctional potassium channels, including mutations or misexpression of associated genes.

### 3. Drug Interactions

Drugs that affect voltage-gated potassium channels can interact indirectly with KCNE4, particularly those used in the treatment of heart rhythm disorders or that influence cardiac repolarization. Examples of drug classes include:

- **Antiarrhythmics:** Such as sotalol and dofetilide, which target KCNQ1/KCNE4 complexes and can affect QT intervals.
- **Diuretics:** Some diuretics can influence potassium homeostasis and thereby indirectly affect channels associated with KCNE4.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes

KCNE4 is involved in various biological processes and pathways, including:

- **Potassium Ion Transport:** Plays a critical role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and excitability of cells.
- **Regulation of Ion Channel Activity:** Modulates the function of membrane potential through its interaction with other potassium channel subunits.
- **Developmental Processes:** Due to its strong embryonic expression, it may be involved in critical developmental signaling pathways.

### Summary

The KCNE4 gene is vital for the function and stability of potassium channels, particularly in cardiac and uterine tissues. While its direct associations with aging and age-related conditions require further exploration, its essential role in excitability and cellular transport underscores its potential impact. Understanding its interactions with other genes and drugs can have implications for therapeutic strategies, particularly in cardiovascular health.