### ENO1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** ENO1  
**Location:** Human Chromosome 1 (1p36.22)  
**Protein Product:** Alpha-enolase (also known as non-neuronal enolase or ENO1)  

### Gene Function and Properties

- **Enzymatic Role:** Alpha-enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, which is crucial for energy production.
- **Structural Role:** Functions as tau-crystallin in the lens of the eye, contributing to lens transparency and integrity.
- **Alternative Splicing:** Results in isoforms with distinct functions, including one that has been noted to bind to the c-myc promoter, potentially acting as a tumor suppressor.
- **Autoantigen Activity:** Identified as an autoantigen in conditions such as Hashimoto encephalopathy.
- **Involvement in Immune Response:** Stimulates immunoglobulin production and participates in the fibrinolytic system by interacting with plasminogen.

### Associated Genes

While the summaries did not provide specific gene associations, ENO1 is often mentioned in the context of:

- **c-Myc:** As a transcriptional regulator involved in cell proliferation and growth that interacts with the ENO1 isoform.
- **TP53:** Gene products may be involved in apoptotic processes where ENO1 may play a role in the regulatory networks due to its tumor suppressor potential.
- **PKM (Pyruvate Kinase M):** As part of the regulation of glycolysis.

### Aging and Age-Related Diseases

- **Cancer:** Alterations in the expression of ENO1 have been implicated in various cancers, possibly due to its role in both metabolic regulation and cell proliferation.
- **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** Changes in ENO1 expression can be observed in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, where energy metabolism is disrupted.
- **Metabolic Disorders:** Dysregulation of glycolytic enzymes, including ENO1, has been linked to age-related metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.

### Drug Interactions

While there may not be specific drugs that target ENO1 directly, pathways involving glycolysis may affect its activity:

- **Glycolytic Inhibitors:** Drugs that inhibit enzymes in the glycolytic pathway may indirectly influence ENO1 function due to its critical role in this metabolic process.
- **Cancer Therapies:** Several drugs that focus on metabolic pathways in tumors might interact with cellular processes involving ENO1.

### Pathways and Biological Processes

ENO1 is involved in several pathways and processes, including:

1. **Glycolysis:** Central to energy metabolism.
2. **Cancer Pathways:** Involvement in cellular growth and tumorigenesis due to its role as a potential tumor suppressor.
3. **Immune Response:** Participation in immunoglobulin production and activation of plasminogen.
4. **Cell Cycle Regulation:** Associated with processes that control cell proliferation and apoptosis due to interactions with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
5. **Extracellular Matrix Degradation:** May function in tissues requiring remodeling, like in the fibrinolytic system.

### Summary

The ENO1 gene encodes alpha-enolase, which serves critical roles in glycolysis, immune response, and potentially tumor suppression. Understanding its interactions and roles can inform approaches to cancer treatment, metabolic disorders, and the biology of aging.