### ENO3 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** ENO3  
**Location:** Chromosome 1 (1p36.22)  
**Function:** The ENO3 gene encodes the beta enolase isoenzyme, which is a glycolytic enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. This process is crucial for energy production through glycolysis, particularly in skeletal muscle where it plays roles in muscle development and regeneration.

### 1. Associated Genes
The ENO3 gene is associated with several other genes involved in metabolic pathways, muscle function, and related disorders:
- **ENO1 (alpha enolase):** Shares homology and functional properties; involved in glycolysis and also implicated in various cell processes.
- **PKM2 (pyruvate kinase):** Involved in regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
- **LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A):** Involved in conversion of pyruvate to lactate; significant in muscle metabolism.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
While specific studies linking ENO3 directly to aging or age-related diseases are limited, the role of glycolytic enzymes, including enolases, in energy metabolism may indirectly relate to:
- **Sarcopenia:** The decline in muscle mass and function with aging may be influenced by ENO3's role in muscle metabolism.
- **Metabolic Syndromes:** Impaired glycolytic function has been linked to age-related metabolic disorders, potentially implicating ENO3 in these pathways.
- **Myopathies:** Mutations in ENO3 have been associated with various myopathies, which often manifest with age, as muscle repair and regeneration become impaired.

### 3. Drug Interactions
Currently, specific drugs or drug classes that directly target or interact with the ENO3 gene have not been extensively documented. However, general glycolytic inhibitors or agents that affect muscle metabolism can, in theory, influence the expression or activity of enolases:
- **Metformin:** A common diabetes drug that acts on metabolic pathways could potentially have indirect effects on enzyme functioning, including enolase.
- **Beta-agonists:** Drugs used for conditions like asthma that also promote muscle anabolism may indirectly influence the pathways ENO3 is involved in.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
ENO3 is involved in several important biological pathways and processes:
- **Glycolysis:** ENO3 plays a critical role as it catalyzes one of the key steps in glycolytic pathway, facilitating energy production.
- **Muscle Development:** The expression and activity of ENO3 are crucial for proper skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
- **Response to Stress:** In skeletal muscle, enolase activity may be linked to cellular responses to metabolic stress during exercise or injury recovery.

### Conclusion
Overall, the ENO3 gene encodes a vital enzyme for muscle metabolism and energy production, contributing to muscle integrity and function. Future research could deepen our understanding of its role in aging and muscle-related diseases, as well as any potential therapeutic avenues for intervention.