### NCOA1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol**: NCOA1 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1)

**Function**: The NCOA1 gene encodes a protein that functions as a transcriptional coactivator for various steroid and nuclear hormone receptors. As part of the p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family, NCOA1 has histone acetyltransferase activity and is involved in the remodeling of chromatin, facilitating the transcription of hormone-responsive genes.

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### 1. Associated Genes
Besides the nuclear receptors making direct interaction with NCOA1 as mentioned in the summaries, the following genes are also associated with NCOA1:
- **NCOA2**: Another member of the SRC family that works in concert with NCOA1 to maintain energy balance in adipose tissues.
- **GREB1**: A gene involved in estrogen receptor signaling that is modulated by NCOA1.
- **CARM1 (Cofactor Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1)**: Known to work with NCOA1 in regulating transcription.
- **ERBB2**: NCOA1 has been shown to interact with this growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase.
- **STAT family genes (e.g., STAT3, STAT5A/B, STAT6)**: NCOA1 coactivates signaling pathways initiated by these transcription factors.

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### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
NCOA1 is implicated in various age-related processes and diseases:
- **Obesity and Metabolic Disorders**: NCOA1’s role in regulating energy balance suggests it could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, which is often exacerbated with age.
- **Hormone-Related Cancers**: Given its role in coactivating steroid hormone receptors (e.g., estrogen), NCOA1 is associated with the proliferation of hormone-responsive tumors, including breast and prostate cancers, which are more prevalent in older individuals.
- **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: Some studies suggest a link between nuclear receptor coactivators like NCOA1 and neurodegenerative conditions, for example, Alzheimer’s disease, which may be influenced by altered signaling pathways during aging.
  
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### 3. Drug Interactions 
The following drugs and drug classes have been shown to interact with the pathways associated with NCOA1:
- **Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)**: These medications can influence the action of estrogen and may thus indirectly affect NCOA1 activity.
- **Antiandrogens**: Drugs such as bicalutamide used in prostate cancer treatment may have interactions involving NCOA1, given its role in steroid hormone signaling.
- **Glucocorticoids**: Interaction with glucocorticoid receptors can indirectly involve NCOA1 in the context of inflammation and metabolism.
- **Statins**: Some studies have indicated potential interactions of statins with transcriptional coactivator pathways.
  
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### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
NCOA1 is involved in several key biological pathways, including:
- **Steroid Hormone Signaling**: The direct interaction with nuclear receptors like estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and glucocorticoids (GR).
- **Thyroid Hormone Signaling**: Coactivation of thyroid hormone receptors contributes to metabolism and development.
- **Retinoic Acid Signaling**: Involvement with retinoid receptors implicates NCOA1 in cellular differentiation.
- **Chromatin Remodeling**: NCOA1 plays a role in modifying chromatin structure to facilitate gene transcription.
- **Regulatory Pathways in Adipose Tissue**: Working with NCOA2 to influence differentiation and activity of brown and white adipose tissue.
  
In summary, NCOA1 is a critical player in transcription regulation associated with various hormonal pathways, which has implications for metabolism, development, and potentially age-related diseases. Its role in coactivating numerous receptors makes it a significant point of interest for therapeutic targeting in metabolic disorders and cancers.