### FOLR1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol**: FOLR1  
**Location**: Chromosome 11 (11p15.5)  
**Protein Encoded**: Folate receptor 1 – a member of the folate receptor family that plays a critical role in folate transport and metabolism.

### 1. Associated Genes
The FOLR1 gene has been associated with various genes involved in folate metabolism and related pathways, including but not limited to:

- **SLC19A1**: This gene encodes the reduced folate carrier, which also plays a role in the transport of folate across cellular membranes.
- **FOLR2**: Another member of the folate receptor family, which also participates in folate uptake.
- **SHMT1** and **SHMT2**: These genes encode serine hydroxymethyltransferases involved in folate-related one-carbon metabolism.
- **MTHFR**: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which plays a critical role in folate metabolism and is often connected with conditions related to folate deficiency.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
The FOLR1 gene is implicated in several areas related to aging and age-related diseases:

- **Neurodegeneration**: Mutations or dysfunction in the FOLR1 gene can lead to cerebral folate transport deficiency, resulting in neurodegenerative conditions. This condition has been linked to various developmental and neurological disorders.
- **Cognitive Decline**: Folate deficiency is often associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, and FOLR1 may play a role in mechanisms underlying these changes.
- **Cancer**: Altered expression of the FOLR1 gene has been observed in various cancers, where increased demand for folate in rapidly dividing cells may lead to changes in receptor expression and function.

### 3. Drug Interactions
Certain drugs or drug classes can interact with the FOLR1 gene or its protein product, including:

- **Methotrexate**: A folate antagonist used in cancer chemotherapy and autoimmune disease management. Methotrexate targets folate metabolism, and FOLR1 may play a role in mediating methotrexate uptake in cancer cells.
- **Folic Acid Supplements**: These supplements provide exogenous folate which can influence the expression and activity of folate receptors, including FOLR1.
- **Antifolates**: A class of drugs that inhibit the utilization of folate, commonly used in the treatment of various malignancies.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
FOLR1 is involved in several biological pathways and processes, including:

- **Folate Transport**: Central to the cellular uptake and transport of folate and its derivatives.
- **One-Carbon Metabolism**: Involvement in pathways that are critical for nucleotide synthesis and amino acid metabolism facilitated by folate.
- **Embryonic Development**: Essential during early development stages, indicating its role in cellular proliferation and differentiation.
- **Cell Cycle Regulation**: Since folate is vital for DNA synthesis and repair, FOLR1 indirectly influences cellular proliferation and overall cellular metabolism.

### Summary
In summary, the FOLR1 gene is crucial for folate metabolism and transport. Its protein product has implications in various physiological processes, including embryonic development and cognitive function. Dysregulation of FOLR1 is associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and cancer. Understanding the broader implications of FOLR1 can provide insights into its role in health and disease, particularly in aging populations.