### ADSL Gene Summary

**Gene Symbol:** ADSL  
**Function:** The ADSL gene encodes the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase, which is a member of the lyase family and plays a crucial role in purine metabolism, specifically in the de novo synthesis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inosine monophosphate (IMP). The enzyme catalyzes two non-sequential reactions:
1. Conversion of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) to aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (AICAR).
2. Conversion of adenylosuccinate (S-AMP) to AMP.

**Clinical Significance:** Mutations in this gene are linked with adenylosuccinase deficiency (ADSLD), which manifests as psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and possible autistic features. 

### Additional Information

1. **Associated Genes:**
   - **ADSLD-related genes:** No specific additional genes are widely recognized to be directly associated with ADSL. However, due to the enzyme's role in purine metabolism, genes involved in other purine metabolic pathways, such as **AMPD1** (adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1) and **PKLR** (pyruvate kinase, liver and red blood cell), could indirectly relate to the phenotypic expression seen in ADSL deficiency.
   - **Metabolic pathway genes:** Other genes implicated in purine metabolism and linked to ADSL include **PRPS1** (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase) and **ADA** (adenosine deaminase), which mediate downstream effects.

2. **Aging or Age-related Diseases:**
   - Currently, there is limited direct evidence linking ADSL with aging or age-related diseases. However, disturbances in purine metabolism, including downstream effects on nucleotide synthesis and energy metabolism, can have broader implications for cellular health, DNA repair, and possibly aging processes.
   - Some studies suggest that dysregulation of purine metabolism may be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, which can be associated with aging. Nevertheless, specific studies examining ADSL’s role in aging directly are sparse.

3. **Drug or Drug Classes:**
   - As of the latest information, no specific drugs are routinely used to target ADSL directly. However, compounds that modulate purine and nucleotide metabolism may have secondary effects on ADSL function, such as:
     - **Allopurinol or Febuxostat:** Xanthine oxidase inhibitors commonly used to manage hyperuricemia may indirectly influence purine metabolism pathways.
     - **Adenosine receptor agonists (not specifically targeting ADSL):** These may be of interest due to the metabolic pathways influenced by ADSL’s activity.
   - Research into small molecules or biologics that specifically target adenylosuccinate lyase activity directly remains in the exploratory phase.

4. **Pathways and Biological Processes:**
   - The primary pathways involving ADSL include:
     - **Purine Metabolism:** Central to the de novo synthesis of AMP and IMP.
     - **Nucleotide Salvage Pathway:** Indirectly ensures nucleotide availability for recycling purposes.
   - **Biological processes include:**
     - Nucleotide biosynthesis and metabolism.
     - Cell proliferation and energy metabolism.
     - Potential roles in neuronal signaling due to the presence of adenosine as a neuromodulator.

In summary, the ADSL gene plays a crucial role in the purine metabolic pathway, with mutations leading to significant neurological disorders. While there may not be a direct link to aging or widely recognized drug interactions, its function is integral to many cellular processes that could influence health across the lifespan.