### PARP14 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** PARP14  
**Location:** Human chromosome 1 (1q42.12)  
**Gene Type:** Protein-coding

**Function:**  
PARP14 (Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14) encodes a protein that is a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family. It predominantly functions as an ADP-ribosyltransferase, specifically mediating the mono-ADP-ribosylation of target proteins, particularly glutamate residues. While it is involved in regulating various biological processes, its most noted roles include modulating aerobic glycolysis and promoting cell survival, especially in cancer cells. It negatively regulates STAT1 and positively regulates STAT6, influencing immune responses.

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### 1. Associated Genes

PARP14 has been associated with the following genes:

- **STAT1:** Involved in interferon signaling and immune responses.
- **STAT6:** Regulates IL-4 signaling and M2 macrophage polarization.
- **PARP9:** Another member of the PARP family that modulates immune responses.
- **MRC1 (Mannose Receptor C-type 1):** Involved in macrophage function and immune response.
- **TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor):** Related to inflammation and cell survival.
- **IL4 (Interleukin 4):** A cytokine that stimulates immune responses.

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### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases

There is increasing evidence that PARP14 may play a role in aging and age-related diseases, particularly due to its influence on cellular survival and metabolic regulation. 

- **Cancer:** Increased expression in tumors suggests a potential role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which is a significant concern in aging populations.
- **Inflammation:** Dysregulation of STAT signaling and inflammatory cytokine production may contribute to age-related chronic inflammatory conditions.
- **Metabolic Dysregulation:** Its role in aerobic glycolysis indicates possible connections to age-related metabolic diseases.

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### 3. Drug Interactions

PARP14 itself may be a target for specific drug classes:

- **PARP Inhibitors:** While PARP14 is not traditionally targeted like PARP1, novel therapeutics may emerge that affect its activity due to its role in cancer cell survival.
- **Immunomodulators:** Given its role in regulating STAT1 and STAT6, drugs that modulate immune responses may indirectly influence the function of PARP14.

**Examples of drug classes that may interact:**

- **Immunosuppressants:** Drugs used to modulate immune function in conditions like autoimmune diseases may impact the actions of PARP14 through its regulation of STAT proteins.
- **Anticancer Agents:** Drugs targeting pathways involving glycolysis and survival mechanisms in tumors may have downstream effects on PARP14 activity.

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### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes

PARP14 is implicated in several important biological pathways and processes:

- **Cytokine signaling:** Particularly those related to IL-4 and IFN-γ signaling pathways.
- **Apoptosis Regulation:** It acts as an anti-apoptotic factor, promoting cell survival.
- **Inflammatory Response:** Influences pro-inflammatory cytokine production through the regulation of STAT proteins.
- **Cellular Metabolism:** Involved in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, which may influence cancer metabolism.
- **Gene Regulation:** By modifying the activity of transcription factors like STAT1 and STAT6, it plays a role in gene expression regulation.

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Overall, PARP14 is a significant gene within the PARP family with diverse functions, particularly in cancer biology and immune response regulation, and it may have implications for aging and related diseases. Further research is warranted to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.