### Gene Overview: RWDD3

#### General Information:
- **Gene Symbol**: RWDD3
- **Function**: The RWDD3 gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in various regulatory processes, including the modulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathways. It enhances the sumoylation of proteins, thereby influencing their stability and function.

#### Key Functions:
- **Regulatory Roles**:
  - Negative regulation of NF-kappaB activity
  - Positive regulation of HIF-1α signaling
  - Positive regulation of protein sumoylation
  
- **Protein Interactions**:
  - Interacts with UBE2I/UBC9 to promote SUMO conjugation to target proteins including NF-kappaB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), HIF1A, glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), and others.

#### Isoforms:
- **Isoform 1 and Isoform 2**:
  - Both isoforms positively regulate NF-kappaB signaling by enhancing NFKBIA sumoylation.
  - They negatively regulate HIF1A signaling by promoting its sumoylation and transcriptional activity.
  - Isoform 2 specifically enhances NR3C1 sumoylation and transcriptional activity.

### Additional Relevant Information

1. **Associated Genes**:
   - While the primary interactions include HIF1A, NFKBIA, NR3C1, and TOP1, RWDD3 may also interact with other proteins involved in signaling pathways, particularly those related to stress responses and inflammation. Specific genes associated with similar functions include **SUMO-conjugating enzymes** (like UBE2I), **RPSA**, which encodes ribosomal protein S2, and genes related to cholesterol and lipid metabolism, such as those belonging to the **SREBP** family.

2. **Aging and Age-Related Diseases**:
   - Although specific studies on RWDD3 in the context of aging are limited, the involvement of RWDD3 in the regulation of pathways like NF-kappaB is of significant interest since this pathway is implicated in inflammatory processes and aging. Dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. The ability of RWDD3 to modulate HIF1A signaling also indicates a potential role in age-related hypoxia responses, which can affect tissue regeneration and repair.

3. **Drug Interactions**:
   - As of October 2023, specific drugs directly targeting RWDD3 have not been documented; however, drugs affecting NF-kappaB signaling or SUMO conjugation may indirectly influence RWDD3 activity. Drug classes that modulate inflammatory responses (e.g., corticosteroids) may interact with or involve pathways influenced by RWDD3.

4. **Pathways and Biological Processes**:
   - **Signaling Pathways**:
     - NF-kappaB signaling pathway
     - Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway
     - SUMO conjugation pathways

- **Biological Processes**:
  - Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  - Response to hypoxia
  - Protein stabilization through post-translational modifications
  - Cellular responses to stress

### Conclusion:
RWDD3 plays a vital regulatory role in several key biological processes, particularly those involving stress response and inflammation. Its interactions suggest that it may impact a network of signaling pathways relevant to diseases associated with aging and responses to hypoxia. As research evolves, further insights into RWDD3's role in health and disease are anticipated.