The PFKFB1 gene encodes an important enzyme involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, particularly through the synthesis and breakdown of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a key regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Here is additional information related to your queries:

### 1. Associated Genes:
PFKFB1 has interactions and associations with several other genes that are involved in metabolic pathways. Some noteworthy associations include:

- **PFKFB2**: Another member of the PFKFB family, playing a similar role in regulating fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels.
- **PFK1**: The 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase gene, which is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis influenced by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.
- **GLUT1** and **GLUT4**: Glucose transporter genes whose expression and function may be affected by changes in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels.
- **PRKAA1** and **PRKAA2**: Genes encoding AMP-activated protein kinases, which are involved in energy homeostasis and may impact PFKFB1 activity.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases:
Research has indicated that the regulation of glucose metabolism through enzymes like PFKFB1 may play a role in the aging process and age-related diseases such as:

- **Type 2 Diabetes**: Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, conditions commonly associated with aging.
- **Cancer**: Altered cellular metabolism, including glycolysis, is often observed in tumors; PFKFB1's regulation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate could contribute to tumor progression and metabolic adaptation.
- **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: Due to its role in maintaining cellular energy levels, changes in PFKFB1 expression may also be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, where glucose metabolism is dysregulated.

### 3. Drug Interactions:
Currently, direct interactions of drugs with the PFKFB1 gene product are less comprehensively documented but can involve:

- **Antidiabetic Medications**: Drugs that improve insulin sensitivity (e.g., Metformin) may indirectly influence the activity of PFKFB1 through their effects on glucose metabolism.
- **Cancer Therapeutics**: Some inhibitors targeting metabolic pathways in cancer cells might affect the activity of bifunctional kinases like PFKFB1, although specific drug interactions are still being researched.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes:
PFKFB1 is involved in several pivotal metabolic pathways and biological processes, including:

- **Glycolysis**: As an activator through the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which enhances the activity of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1).
- **Gluconeogenesis**: It acts as an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis by degrading fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.
- **Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism**: Through its effects on glucose availability, PFKFB1 indirectly influences glycogen synthesis and breakdown.
- **Cell Cycle Regulation**: Metabolic changes driven by PFKFB1 can affect cell proliferation, linking metabolism and growth signaling pathways.

Overall, PFKFB1 plays a critical role in metabolic regulation, and its dysregulation can have broad implications for health, particularly concerning metabolic disorders and the aging process.