### GSTO1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** GSTO1  
**Gene Type:** Protein-coding  
**Location:** Chromosome 10 (Region 10q13.3)  

### Protein Function
The GSTO1 gene encodes an omega class glutathione S-transferase, which participates in the detoxification processes of the cell. The protein exhibits:
- **Glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity**: This allows GSTO1 to conjugate various electrophiles with glutathione, facilitating the removal of harmful substances.
- **Dehydroascorbate reductase activity**: It plays a role in maintaining the antioxidant status of the cell by reducing dehydroascorbate back to ascorbic acid.
- The protein functions as a **homodimer** and is primarily located in the **cytoplasm**.

### Associated Genes
While GSTO1 is mainly looked at in isolation within the context of xenobiotic metabolism, there are several other genes related to detoxification and oxidative stress that are frequently studied in conjunction with GSTO1. These may include:
- **GSTO2**: Another member of the omega class of GSTs.
- **GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTP1**: Other classes of glutathione transferases.
- **SOD1, CAT**: Genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification.

### Aging and Age-Related Diseases
Studies suggest that alterations in the expression or activity of GSTO1 may have implications for aging and age-related diseases such as:
- **Cancer**: Due to its role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens, variations in GSTO1 activity may influence susceptibility to cancer development.
- **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GSTO1 is believed to have a role in reducing oxidative stress, an important factor in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
- **Metabolic disorders**: GSTO1's involvement in arsenic metabolism suggests that genetic variations may link it to conditions resulting from environmental pollutant exposure.

### Drug Interactions
GSTO1 has been implicated in the metabolism of certain drugs, which may affect drug efficacy and toxicity. Known drug classes that may interact with GSTO1 include:
- **Chemotherapeutics**: Variants of GSTO1 might influence the response to chemotherapy drugs through the metabolism of these agents.
- **Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)**: Some NSAIDs may be substrates for GSTO1, affecting their detoxification pathway.
- **Antioxidants**: Compounds that mimic glutathione or influence the glutathione redox status could also engage with GSTO1 function.

### Pathways and Biological Processes
GSTO1 is involved in various significant biological pathways, including:
- **Detoxification of reactive oxygen species**: Through its antioxidant activities.
- **Xenobiotic metabolism**: Conjugating and transforming foreign compounds and potential toxins.
- **Arsenic biotransformation pathway**: Particularly relevant in regions exposed to arsenic contamination.
- **Metabolic processes related to glutathione**: Engaging in processes reliant on the glutathione system for maintaining cellular health and managing oxidative stress.

### Summary
Overall, GSTO1 is a crucial gene in the detoxification landscape of human metabolism, significantly influencing how the body processes harmful agents and interacts with various drugs. Its role in oxidative stress management connects it with aging and age-related diseases, emphasizing its importance in maintaining cellular and systemic health.