### ENKD1 Gene Summary

**Gene Symbol:** ENKD1  
**Location:** Cytoplasmic microtubule  
**Function:** The ENKD1 gene encodes a microtubule-binding protein that plays a critical role in regulating microtubule organization and stability. It is essential for promoting the stability of astral microtubules and facilitating the appropriate orientation of the mitotic spindle, which is vital for the oriented division of basal keratinocytes and contributes to epidermal stratification. Additionally, ENKD1 is required for the assembly of both primary and motile cilia. It is known to destabilize the interaction between CCP110 and CEP97 by competing for binding, which promotes the removal of these proteins from the mother centriole and initiates ciliogenesis.

### 1. Associated Genes

While specific other genes associated with ENKD1 are not always mentioned in summaries, the following proteins are directly related in function and pathways:
- **CCP110** (Centrosomal Protein 110) – involved in microtubule dynamics and ciliogenesis.
- **CEP97** (Centrosomal Protein 97) – works in conjunction with CCP110 in the regulation of centriolar proteins.
- **Tubulin** (various isoforms) – since ENKD1 binds to microtubules, it is likely to interact with different tubulin isoforms.

### 2. Aging and Age-related Diseases

While specific studies may be limited, the role of ENKD1 in ciliogenesis is crucial as defects in cilia function are associated with various age-related diseases and conditions, including:
- **Degenerative conditions:** Such as osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease where cilia-mediated signaling pathways may play a role.
- **Cancer:** Abnormal cell division and centriolar functions have implications in tumorigenesis and are often more prevalent in older demographics.
- **Ciliopathies:** Genetic defects in ciliary proteins can lead to conditions such as nephronophthisis and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which can have age-related onset.

### 3. Drug Interactions

Currently, there are no specific drugs mentioned that directly interact with ENKD1 in the literature. However, potential areas of investigation include:
- **Microtubule-targeting agents:** Such as taxanes (e.g., Paclitaxel) and vinca alkaloids, which could theoretically modulate activities influenced by ENKD1 given its role in microtubule dynamics. These classes are noteworthy in cancer therapeutics.
  
### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes

ENKD1 is involved in several key cellular pathways and biological processes, including:
- **Ciliogenesis:** Important for the formation of primary and motile cilia, essential for cellular signaling and sensory functions.
- **Cell Division and Spindle Orientation:** Regulates microtubule configuration during mitosis.
- **Microtubule Stabilization:** Plays a role in the organization and structural integrity of the cytoskeleton.
- **Epidermal Development:** Aids in the stratification of keratinocytes during skin development.

### Conclusion

The ENKD1 gene is integral to microtubule dynamics, cellular morphology, and cilia-related functions. Its broader implications in cellular processes highlight its potential role in aging and age-related diseases, as well as its indirect interactions with drug classes that target microtubule stabilization. Further studies may elucidate additional functional relationships and clinical significances of this gene.