### EDNRA Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol**: EDNRA  
**Function**: The EDNRA gene encodes the endothelin receptor type A (ET_A), which is primarily responsible for mediating the effects of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. The receptor operates through G-protein coupled pathways to activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system, contributing to various physiological processes such as vascular tone regulation.

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### 1. Genes Associated with EDNRA
While the summary provided doesn't list specific associated genes, the EDNRA gene is known to be functionally related to several other genes involved in cardiovascular functions, vascular remodeling, and related signaling pathways. Some of these may include:

- **EDN1**: This gene encodes endothelin-1, the ligand for EDNRA.
- **EDNRB**: Endothelin receptor type B, which works in conjunction with EDNRA in endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions.
- **ACE**: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, involved in the renin-angiotensin system that affects blood pressure and fluid balance.
- **AT1R**: Angiotensin II receptor type 1, which also plays a role in vasoconstriction and blood pressure regulation.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that alterations in endothelin signaling, including through the EDNRA gene, can have implications for aging and age-related diseases. For example:

- **Cardiovascular Aging**: Endothelin-1 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related vascular diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. The expression and function of EDNRA can change with age, potentially contributing to increased vascular resistance.
- **Migraine**: Variants in the EDNRA gene have been associated with migraine headache resistance, indicating a potential role of endothelin signaling in headaches, which can be influenced by aging mechanisms.
- **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: The involvement of endothelin in neuronal health and its role in neuroinflammation may link EDNRA to age-related neurodegenerative conditions.

### 3. Known Drug Interactions
The EDNRA gene is implicated in various therapeutic areas, particularly those targeting cardiovascular health. Some known drug classes and substances that interact with EDNRA include:

- **Endothelin Receptor Antagonists**: These drugs, such as bosentan and ambrisentan, are used primarily in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension by blocking the receptor’s action, thus reducing vasoconstriction.
- **Calcium Channel Blockers**: While not directly targeting EDNRA, these can counteract the calcium-related signaling mediated by the receptor.
- **Vasodilators**: Agents that promote vasodilation may indirectly affect the pathways involving EDNRA, although this is more of a downstream effect rather than a direct interaction.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
The EDNRA gene is involved in several key biological pathways and processes, including:

- **Endothelin Signaling Pathway**: Central to the actions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and encompasses various downstream signaling cascades.
- **Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction**: Plays a significant role in mediating vasoconstriction.
- **Regulation of Blood Pressure**: Contributes to overall cardiovascular function and blood flow regulation.
- **Cell Proliferation and Migration**: The receptor influences cellular processes that can affect vascular remodeling and repair mechanisms.

In summary, EDNRA is a crucial gene in cardiovascular physiology, with implications not only in normal biological processes but also in disease states and potential therapeutic targets. Variations in this gene can play significant roles in responses to the peptide endothelin-1, affecting vascular health and disease.