### INHBA Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol**: INHBA  
**Location**: This gene is located on chromosome 7q22.1 in humans.

**Function**: The INHBA gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, specifically a precursor of activin A, which is involved in numerous physiological processes including the regulation of hormone secretion from the pituitary gland (particularly follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]), and influencing reproductive system functionality. The protein also plays roles in development across various tissues, such as the eye, teeth, and testes, and it influences both cellular proliferation and differentiation.

### 1. Associated Genes
While the summaries provided do not mention other genes directly, INHBA is associated with the following:

- **INHBB** (Inhibin beta B): Partnered with INHBA to form inhibin B.
- **INHBC** (Inhibin beta C): Can combine with INHBA to form activin B.
- **ACVR1** (Activin A receptor type 1): A receptor that mediates signals from activin proteins.
- **ACVR2A** and **ACVR2B** (Activin A receptors type 2A and 2B): Receptors involved in activin signaling.
- **SMAD family genes (e.g., SMAD2, SMAD3)**: Intracellular signaling molecules that mediate TGF-beta superfamily signals.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
INHBA levels have been implicated in aging processes and age-related diseases:

- **Cancer Cachexia**: Elevated expression of INHBA has been associated with cancer cachexia, a syndrome in cancer patients characterized by severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and metabolic dysregulation.
- **Fibrosis**: Activins, through INHBA expression, have been implicated in the development of age-related fibrotic diseases. Dysregulation of the INHBA gene may contribute to excessive tissue fibrosis often observed with aging.
- **Bone Density**: INHBA has a role in bone metabolism; dysregulation may contribute to age-related osteoporosis.

### 3. Known Drug Interactions
Although there are no specific drugs solely targeting INHBA, it is involved in pathways that may interact with the following drug classes:

- **Anti-cancer drugs**: Some activin signaling pathways are scrutinized as targets in cancer therapeutics, particularly in hormone-responsive tumors.
- **Molecular inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling**: Compounds that inhibit TGF-beta signaling can indirectly influence INHBA activity and are being explored in various therapeutic contexts, including fibrotic diseases and cancer.
- **Inhibitors of activin signaling**: Specific small molecules or monoclonal antibodies targeting activin receptors could impact the signaling cascade initiated by INHBA.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
**Pathways**:
- **TGF-beta Signaling Pathway**: INHBA is a key component and modulates various cellular responses related to growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- **Activin Signaling Pathway**: INHBA activates pathways influencing cell growth and metabolism.

**Biological Processes**:
- **Hormone Secretion Regulation**: INHBA plays a pivotal role in the modulation of FSH production from the pituitary gland.
- **Cellular Growth and Proliferation**: It is involved in organ development and tissue homeostasis by regulating cell differentiation and apoptosis.
- **Reproductive System Development**: Influences gonadal function and germ cell development.
- **Angiogenesis and Fibrosis**: Promotes angiogenic processes and has a role in wound healing and tissue repair mechanisms.

This gene serves as a critical regulator in various physiological processes, and its dysregulation is linked to several health issues, emphasizing the need for continued research in the context of therapy and disease management.