### CALM1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** CALM1  
**Location:** Chromosome 14q11.2  
**Protein:** Calmodulin 1

**Description:** CALM1 encodes a member of the calmodulin family, a set of calcium-binding proteins that are crucial for transducing calcium signals within cells. The protein plays pivotal roles in the modulation and activation of various enzymes, ion channels, and other cellular processes in response to changes in calcium levels.

### 1. Associated Genes
In addition to the genes mentioned in the summaries, CALM1 has functional associations with several other genes, including but not limited to:

- **CACNA1C**: Encodes a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit that is regulated by calcium-bound calmodulin.
- **MYLK**: Myosin light chain kinase, which is activated by calmodulin in the presence of calcium.
- **CALM2** and **CALM3**: Other calmodulin family members whose expression is often coordinated with CALM1.
- **KCNQ1**: A potassium channel that is modulated by calmodulin.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases
CALM1 has been implicated in several age-related cellular processes, notably:

- **Cardiovascular Health:** Variations in CALM1 are associated with arrhythmias which can increase in prevalence with aging. The missense mutations in CALM1 affecting cardiac ion channels can lead to an increased risk of developing ventricular tachycardia in older populations.
- **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** Calmodulin's regulatory roles include modulation of ion channels and kinases, suggesting a potential link to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline associated with aging due to calcium dysregulation.

### 3. Drug Interactions
Calmodulin and its pathway are known to interact with several drugs, including:

- **Calcium Channel Blockers:** Such as Diltiazem and Verapamil that target voltage-dependent calcium channels regulated by calmodulin.
- **Antihypertensives:** Certain medications that modulate calcium signaling may indirectly interact with calmodulin pathways.
- **Immunosuppressants and Chemotherapeutic Agents:** Such as Cyclosporine A, which can affect calmodulin-associated pathways.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes
CALM1 is involved in several crucial biological pathways and processes, including:

- **Calcium Signal Transduction Pathways:** It mediates cellular responses to calcium ions, which are critical for signal transduction across various cell types.
- **Muscle Contraction:** Involved in mediating the contraction process by activation of myosin light-chain kinase.
- **Regulation of Ion Channels:** This includes the inactivation of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels and the modulation of calcium-activated potassium channels.
- **Cytokinesis and Centrosome Cycle:** Participates in regulatory pathways with proteins like CCP110 and centrin to ensure proper cell division.
- **Interaction with Other Organelles:** Involves in the dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum, impacting cellular homeostasis and signaling.

In summary, CALM1 is a vital gene with essential roles in calcium signaling that influence heart function, neuronal health, and various biological processes that may be disrupted in aging and disease contexts. Its interactions with other proteins and channels underscore the complexity of calcium-mediated signaling in cell physiology.