### ARR3 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** ARR3  
**Chromosomal Location:** Human chromosome 17  
**Protein Family:** Non-visual arrestins  

#### Summary of Gene Function:

The ARR3 gene encodes a non-visual arrestin protein that is integral in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It binds to agonist-activated and phosphorylated forms of these receptors, leading to their uncoupling from G proteins and subsequent termination of GPCR signaling pathways. ARR3 is also involved in cellular structure and function, particularly at the centrosome where it interacts with γ-tubulin, which is critical for microtubule organization.

#### 1. Associated Genes:

While specific associated genes are not frequently detailed in the basic summaries, genomic analyses suggest potential interactions with other members of the arrestin family (such as ARR1 and ARR2) and opsin genes, due to ARR3's role in signal transduction in the retina. Furthermore, it may also interact with various GPCRs based on its cellular function.

#### 2. Aging and Age-related Diseases:

Although direct associations between ARR3 and aging are not extensively characterized, its role in retinal signaling suggests potential implications in age-related retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Changes in GPCR signaling are known to influence cellular processes involved in aging, including apoptosis and oxidative stress response. Furthermore, arrestin proteins can play roles in cellular communication that may be altered with age, impacting processes like neurodegeneration and other age-related conditions.

#### 3. Drug Interactions:

Currently, there are no well-established drugs or drug classes that specifically target the ARR3 protein documented in available databases. However, given its role in GPCR signaling, medications that act on GPCR pathways—such as certain antihypertensives, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs—could have indirect effects on the functioning of ARR3 through modulation of receptor activity.

#### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes:

ARR3 is involved in several key biological processes and pathways including:

- **G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway:** Primarily by terminating the signaling once a receptor has been activated.
- **Signal Transduction:** Plays a role in mediating the cellular response to external stimuli via the GPCR pathway.
- **Centrosome Function and Microtubule Organization:** Interaction with γ-tubulin points towards involvement in the cell cycle and mitosis.
- **Visual Signal Transduction:** Related to the functions in the retina, particularly concerning the regulation of phototransduction mechanisms in response to light.

### Conclusion

The ARR3 gene is crucial for regulating GPCR signaling and supporting cellular structure through its centrosome-related activities. While its implications in aging and specific drug interactions are not well defined, ongoing research may uncover its roles in age-related retinal diseases and broader impacts on systemic biological processes.