### IGF1R Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** IGF1R  
**Location:** Chromosome 15  
**Gene Type:** Protein-coding  

The IGF1R (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is essential for mediating the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). It plays a significant role in cell growth, survival, and transformation, especially in the context of cancer biology where it is often overexpressed in malignant tissues.

### 1. Associated Genes

While the original summaries mention key signaling pathway components and partners, IGF1R is also associated with several other genes involved in similar pathways and processes:

- **IRS1/2 (Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and 2)**: These adaptors play pivotal roles in IGF1R signaling.
- **PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha)**: A downstream effector involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway.
- **Ras/RAF/MAPK pathway components**: Such as *KRAS* and *BRAF*.
- **AKT1 (AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1)**: As a key signaling molecule downstream of IGF1R.
- **STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3)**: Involved in JAK/STAT signaling.
- **JAK1 and JAK2 (Janus Kinases 1 and 2)**: Essential components of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade.
- **MTOR (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin)**: A critical kinase in the pathway modulating protein synthesis and cell growth.
  
### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases

IGF1R signaling has been implicated in several aspects concerning aging and age-related diseases:

- **Aging**: Research suggests that IGF1R signaling may influence lifespan. Lower levels of IGF1 have been associated with increased lifespan in various studies on model organisms.
- **Age-Related Diseases**: Overactivity of IGF1R signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including:
  - **Cancer**: As IGF1R signaling promotes cell survival and proliferation, it is often upregulated in cancers.
  - **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: Dysregulation of IGF signaling may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.
  - **Metabolic Disorders**: IGF1 signaling is related to insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome.

### 3. Interacting Drugs and Drug Classes

Numerous drugs and drug classes potentially interact with IGF1R, including:

- **Monoclonal Antibodies**: Such as *Medi-5734* and *Figitumumab*, which target IGF1R in cancer treatment to inhibit its function.
- **Small Molecule Inhibitors**: These target the downstream effectors like the PI3K pathway, including *AZD8186* and *BYL719*.
- **MTOR Inhibitors**: Such as *Rapamycin (Sirolimus)*, which can be affected by IGF1R signaling activities.
- **Insulin Sensitizers**: Medications like *Metformin* may indirectly influence IGF1R signaling through effects on glucose and insulin metabolism.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes

IGF1R is involved in several key biological pathways and processes, including:

- **PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway**: Critical for cell survival, metabolism, and growth regulation.
- **Ras-MAPK Signaling Pathway**: Regulates cell proliferation and differentiation.
- **JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway**: Involvement in immune response and cellular transcription regulation.
- **Cell Cycle Regulation**: Mediates progression through the cell cycle.
- **Apoptotic Process Regulation**: Inhibition of apoptosis, critical for survival in cancerous cells.
- **Cell Growth and Proliferation**: Drives cellular growth and division, as well as metabolic processes.

### Summary

The IGF1R gene is central to signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, survival, and proliferation, significantly impacting the development and progression of various cancers. It is also linked to aging mechanisms and potential age-related diseases. Understanding its intricate relationships with other signaling molecules and the implications for therapeutic interventions remains a critical area of research in both cancer biology and gerontology.