### ATF1 Gene Overview

**Gene Symbol:** ATF1  
**Location:** Chromosome 12 (12q13.3)

The ATF1 gene encodes an activating transcription factor (ATF1), a member of both the ATF subfamily and the basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family. This protein is pivotal in modulating cellular physiologic processes by regulating downstream gene expression involved in growth, survival, and various cellular activities.

### 1. Associated Genes

In addition to the aforementioned interactions with FUS and EWSR1 in the context of certain tumors, ATF1 may also interact with the following genes:

- **ATF2:** Another transcription factor that can form heterodimers with ATF1 and share similar regulatory roles.
- **CREB:** The cAMP response element-binding protein may work alongside ATF1 in the regulation of genes responsive to cAMP.
- **C/EBP family:** This family of transcription factors may interact with ATF1 in gene regulation.
- **AP-1:** Components of the AP-1 complex can collaborate with ATF1 to regulate gene expression.
- **MAPK pathway genes:** Genes in this signaling pathway can phosphorylate ATF1, influencing its activity.

### 2. Aging and Age-Related Diseases

Although direct associations between ATF1 and aging or age-related diseases are not extensively documented, its role in cell transformation and proliferation suggests potential implications in cancer, which is often age-related. Additionally, ATF1's involvement in stress responses and cellular survival could indicate that it participates in the aging process and the cellular responses to age-related stressors like oxidative stress. Some studies exploring the roles of bZIP transcription factors in aging and longevity may provide indirect insight into ATF1's involvement, but more specific research is needed on ATF1.

### 3. Drug Interactions

ATF1 may interact with various drugs indirectly based on its involvement in signaling pathways influenced by pharmacological agents. Known classes of drugs that may affect ATF1 activity include:

- **cAMP modulators**: Agents that increase intracellular cAMP levels, which can enhance the aggregation of protein kinase A (PKA) and subsequently ATF1 phosphorylation and activation.
- **Protein kinase inhibitors**: Since ATF1 is phosphorylated by several kinases, inhibitors targeting these pathways could modulate ATF1's activity.
- **Antidiabetic drugs**: Some agents, such as metformin, are known to affect metabolic pathways related to stress responses, thereby potentially influencing ATF1 activity indirectly.

### 4. Pathways and Biological Processes

ATF1 is involved in several key biological pathways and processes, including but not limited to:

- **cAMP signaling pathway**: ATF1 is activated through phosphorylation in response to cAMP levels, which is crucial for a range of cellular processes.
- **Cell proliferation and survival**: ATF1 acts as a transcriptional activator for genes involved in cellular growth and survival.
- **Stress response pathways**: Its role in mediating responses to stress signals (e.g., oxidative stress) is significant for cell adaptation and survival.
- **Transcription regulation**: As a transcription factor, it regulates numerous genes, including those responsible for inflammatory responses and cell cycle control.
- **Pathways related to cancer**: The aberrant expression or activation of ATF1 has been implicated in the progression of certain cancers, reflecting its role in transformation processes.

In summary, the ATF1 gene is an essential transcription factor that influences various biological processes through its regulation of gene expression and protein interactions, while also being significant in the context of certain diseases and physiological responses.