Construct/Factor Analytic
Using a sample of 776 undergraduates, Ames et al. (2006, p. 442) reported that, ‘ For the NPI-16, loadings on the
first unrotated factor ranged from .13 to .66 ’ and accounted for most of the variance.
Criterion/Predictive
The authors reported a study on self- and other ratings in group discussions. NPI-16 predicted subsequent ten-
dency to rate oneself as more powerful ( r5.29) and as more attractive ( r5.37) ( Ames et al., 2006 ). Other research
has shown expected correlates with behavior and other self-reports ( Hart et al., 2011; Witt & Donnellan, 2008 ).
Location
Ames, R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C.P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in
Personality ,40, 440/C0450.
Results and Comments
The NPI-16 continues the NPI tradition of measuring the grandiose version of narcissism using forced-choice
items. The instrument is remarkable in its ability to reproduce results similar to those with the full 40-item ver-
sion. However, an even newer version, the NPI-13, has produced a more balanced factor structure while retain-
ing comparable validity to the NPI-16 ( Gentile et al., 2013 ).
NPI-16 SAMPLE ITEMS
The format retained the original NPI format, that is, dichotomous forced-choice items.
I like to be the center of attention vs. I prefer to blend in with the crowd.
I think I am a special person vs. I am no better nor worse than most people.
Note: Reproduced with permission.
2. Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ)
(Back et al., 2013 ).
Variable
The NARQ is based on the idea that narcissism can be decomposed into two positively correlated components:
Admiration and Rivalry . These components refer to complementary interpersonal strategies: the tendency to gain
social admiration by means of self-promotion (i.e., assertive self-enhancement) and the tendency to prevent social
failure by self-defense (i.e., antagonistic self-protection). Nonetheless, the two components share the overarching
goal to maintain a grandiose self ( Back et al., 2013 ).
Description
A total of 18 items are partitioned into Narcissistic Admiration (9 items) and Narcissistic Rivalry (9 items).
Responses are collected on 6-point Likert-type scales. German, English, Dutch, Danish, and Chinese versions
are available from the authors. A brief 6-item version is also available with three items for each subscale ( Back
et al., 2013 ).
Sample
The authors reported seven samples comprising over 4000 participants, primarily German- or English-
speaking. All of the psychometric properties reported below derive from those samples ( Back et al., 2013 ).
Reliability
Internal Consistency
Back et al. (2013) reported Cronbach alpha coefficients of .88 and .83, respectively. Alpha coefficients for the
Brief NARQ were also reported for the six-item overall measure (.74) as well as for the three-item admiration
(.76) and rivalry (.61) measures ( Back et al., 2013 ).575 DARK TRIAD MEASURES
V. VICES AND VIRTUES