fei75766_glo_G1-G15.indd G-6  02/19/20 09:26 AM
GlossaryG-6
feeling (Jung)  Arational function thattellsusthevalue 
ofsomething. Thefeeling function canbeeither 
extraverted (directed toward theobjective world) or
introverted (directed toward thesubjective world).
fiction (Adler)  Abelief orexpectation ofthefuture that
serves tomotivate present behavior. Thetruthfulness ofa
fictional ideaisimmaterial, because theperson actsasif
theideaweretrue.
fixation  Adefense mechanism thatarises when psychic 
energy isblocked atonestage ofdevelopment, thus
making change orpsychological growth difficult.
fixation (Fromm)  Thenonproductive form of
rootedness marked byareluctance togrow beyond the
security provided byone’s mother.
fixed-interval (Skinner)  Intermittent reinforcement 
schedule whereby theorganism isreinforced foritsfirst
response following adesignated period oftime(e.g., FI
10means thattheanimal isreinforced foritsinitial 
response after10minutes haveelapsed since itsprevious 
reinforcement).
fixed-ratio (Skinner)  Reinforcement schedule inwhich 
theorganism isreinforced intermittently according toa
specified number ofresponses itmakes (e.g., FR7means 
thattheorganism isreinforced forevery seventh 
response).
formative tendency (Rogers)  Tendency inallmatter to
evolve from simpler tomore complex forms.
fortuitous events (Bandura)  Environmental events that
areunexpected andunintended.
fragmentation corollary  Kelly’s assumption that
behavior issometimes inconsistent because one’s 
construct systems canadmit incompatible elements.
frame of orientation (Fromm)  Theneed forhumans to
develop aunifying philosophy orconsistent wayof
looking atthings.
free association  Technique usedinFreudian 
psychotherapy inwhich thetherapist instructs thepatient 
toverbalize every thought thatcomes tomind, nomatter 
howirrelevant orrepugnant itmayappear.
freedom of movement (Rotter)  Themean expectancy of
being reinforced forperforming allthose behaviors that
aredirected toward thesatisfaction ofsome general need.
Freudian slips  Slips ofthetongue orpen,misreading, 
incorrect hearing, temporary forgetting ofnames and
intentions, andthemisplacing ofobjects, allofwhich are
caused byunconscious wishes. Alsocalled parapraxes.
fully functioning person (Rogers)  (Seeperson of 
tomorrow )
functional autonomy (Allport)  Thetendency forsome 
motives tobecome independent from theoriginal motive 
responsible forthebehavior.fundamental attribution error (Buss)  Ourtendency to
ignore situational andenvironmental forces when 
explaining thebehavior ofother people andinstead focus 
oninternal dispositions.
fundamental situational error (Buss)  Thetendency to
assume thattheenvironment alone canproduce behavior 
voidofastable internal mechanism.
G
Gemeinschaftsgefühl  (Seesocial interest )
generalization  Thetransfer oftheeffects ofonelearning 
situation toanother.
generalized expectancy (Rotter)  Expectation based on
similar pastexperiences thatagiven behavior willbe
reinforced.
generalized reinforcer (Skinner)  Aconditioned 
reinforcer thathasbeen associated withseveral primary 
reinforcers. Money, forexample, isageneralized 
reinforcer because itisassociated withfood, shelter, and
other primary reinforcers.
genitality (Erikson)  Period oflifebeginning with
puberty andcontinuing through adulthood andmarked 
byfullsexual identity.
genital-locomotor  Erikson’s termforthepreschool 
child’s psychosexual mode ofadapting.
genital stage (Freud)  Period oflifebeginning with
puberty andcontinuing through adulthood andmarked 
byfullsexual identity. 
genital stage (Klein)  Comparable toFreud’s phallic 
stage: thatis,thetimearound ages3–5when theOedipus 
complex reaches itsculmination.
great mother  Jungian archetype oftheopposing forces 
offertility anddestruction.
guilt (Kelly)  Thesense ofhaving lostone’s corerole
structure.
guilt (May)  Anontological characteristic ofhuman 
existence arising from ourseparation from thenatural 
world (Umwelt ),from other people (Mitwelt ),orfrom 
oneself (Eigenwelt ).
H
hero  AJungian archetype representing themyth ofthe
godlike manwhoconquers orvanquishes evil,usually in
theform ofamonster, dragon, orserpent.
hesitating (Adler)  Safeguarding tendency characterized 
byvacillation orprocrastination designed toprovide a
person withtheexcuse “It’stoolatenow.”
hierarchy of needs  Maslow’s concept thatneeds 
areordered insuchamanner thatthose onalower 
levelmust besatisfied before higher levelneeds 
become activated.Final PDF to printer