2. Short Dark Triad (SD3)
(Jones & Paulhus, 2014 ).
Variable
The SD3 was designed to capture the Dark Triad as conceptualized by Jones and Paulhus (2011a) . Details of
their rationale were provided earlier in the introduction. Special care was taken to focus on the classic concep-
tions of the variables and to cover all the appropriate facets in each trait. In brief, narcissists are attention-seeking
self-promoters; Machiavellians are strategic manipulators; psychopaths are impulsive thrill-seekers.
Description
Exploratory factor analyses of a large item pool yielded three factors corresponding to narcissism,
Machiavellianism, and psychopathy ( Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ). Three 9-item subscales were assembled to form
the SD3. Responses are collected on 5-point Likert-type scales ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly
agree (5).
Sample
The authors developed the instrument on several large community samples ( N5768). The peer-validation
study was conducted on 65 students ( Jones & Paulhus, 2014 ).
Reliability
Internal Consistency
The subscales exhibited Cronbach alpha coefficients ranging from .70 to .80 in cross-validation samples ( Jones &
Paulhus, 2014 ).
Test/C0Retest
Two-week test /C0retest reliability coefficients ranging from .77 to .84 were reported by Paulhus and Jones
(2011) .
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
Intercorrelations among the SD3 subscales ranged from .22 to .55 ( Jones & Paulhus, 2014 ). For the subscales,
the authors reported (a) convergence with the standard Dark Triad measures; (b) convergence with peer-ratings;
and (c) confirmation of patterns of association with the interpersonal circumplex ( Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ). Also,
correlations of the SD3 subscales with the Big Five (e.g., Jones & Paulhus, 2014; Maples, Lamkin, & Miller, 2014;
Veselka et al., 2011 ) were comparable to those based on standard measures of the Dark Triad (de Vries & van
Kampen, 2010; Furnham et al., 2013 ).
Divergent/Discriminant
Discriminant validity has been demonstrated in North America, Australia, and Europe. For example, Egan,
Chan, and Shorter (2014) showed differential correlates of well-being. In a series of studies, Vernon and collea-
gues used the measure to discriminate humor styles and lying skill ( Giammarco, Atkinson, Baughman, Veselka,
& Vernon, 2013; Veselka et al., 2010 ).Lee et al. (2013) reported correlations of 2.42,2.67,2.57 between their
Honesty /C0Humility factor and narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, respectively.
Construct/Factor Analytic
A confirmatory factor analysis provided further support for the 3-factor model ( Jones & Paulhus, 2014 ).
Criterion/Predictive
The three SD3 subscales often show differential predictive correlates. Lee and colleagues (2012) found that the
SD3 subscales predicted motivation for sex, money and power above and beyond the Big Five. Buckels, Jones,
and Paulhus (2013) found that, of the three subscales, psychopathy showed the strongest association with labora-
tory aggression ( r5.49). Additional behavioral evidence comes from Ashton-James and Levordashka (2013) .568 20. MEASURES OF DARK PERSONALITIES
V. VICES AND VIRTUES