TABLE 26.1 (Continued )
Model Inventory Publication Reference
Publication
for
InstrumentPublic
DomainSelf-/
Peer-
RatingNumber of
Items (Scales,
Subscales)Response
ScaleNumber of
CulturesReference
SampleLevel of
AnalysisSample
CharacteristicsTranslation
and
AdaptationReliability:
Cronbach’s αEFA Congruence
CoefficientsConfirmatory
Factor
AnalysisDifferential
Item
Functioning
MMPI-2 Butcher
(2004)Butcher
et al. (1989)No Self 567 (10 clinical,
15 content,
several
validity &
supplementary
scales)Dichotomous Over 32
versions
availableNone Individual General
populationTranslated
from
English,
back-
translation,
often
bilingual
test/C0retest
studiesReferences to
individual
studies reported
MPQ Ben-Porath
et al. (1995)Tellegen
(1982)No Self 300 (3 domains,
11 scales)Dichotomous 2 US Individual Students Translated
from
English,
back-
translation;
three items
modifiedAcross 11 scales:
Israel: .72 /C0.89,
Mdn5.82
(males), .68 /C0.86,
Mdn5.84
(females); US:
.83/C0.90,
Mdn5.86
(males), .75 /C0.90,
Mdn5.85
(females)Across 11 primary
scales: .89 /C0.97,
M5.94; across 3
higher-order factors:
.93/C0.98, M5.95
Johnson
et al. (2008)Tellegen
(1982)No Self 276 (3 domains,
11 scales; 24
validity items
were excluded)Dichotomous 2 None Individual Twins from
general
populationTranslated
from English
using
committee
approach,
back-
translationAcross 11 scales:
.74/C0.89
(Germany);
.78/C0.90 (US)In IRT
models, 80
items had DIF
in either
difficulty or
discrimination
Big Five/
FFMBFI Schmitt et al.
(2007)Schmitt
et al. (2007)Yes Self 44 (5 domains) 5-point Likert
(agreement)56 US Mixed Students with
some
community
membersTranslated
from
English,
back-
translationAcross all
cultures: E (.77),
A (.70), C (.78),
N (.79), O (.76);
values for world
regions also
availableTotal sample: .99 (E),
.99 (A), .99 (C), .99
(N), .98 (O); values
for world regions
also available
BFQ Caprara
et al. (2000)Caprara
et al. (1993)No Self 132 initially (5
domains, 10
facets, Lie
scale); 18 items
removed after
failing to load
.30 in
Simultaneous
Components
Analysis5-point Likert
(applicability)4 None Individual Students Translated
from Italian,
back-
translation.65/C0.85 (Italy);
.59/C0.83 (US);
.60/C0.80 (Spain);
.55/C0.78
(Germany).90/C0.98 (Energy),
.93/C0.98
(Friendliness),
.91/C0.97 (C), .94 /C0.98
(O), .99 (ES)Equal
primary factor
loadings,
residual
variances,
factor
correlations;
χ2(178)5
468.22,
p,.05,
CFI5.98,
RMSEA 5.02115/120 items
with uniform
bias (average
η25.02) &
74/120 items
with non-
uniform bias
(average
η25.01)
FFPI Hendriks
et al. (2003)Hendriks
et al. (1999)No Self 100 (5 domains;
40 bipolar
facets
computable as
linear
combinations
of factor
scores)5-point Likert
(applicability)13 Dutch, US,
combined
Dutch-USIndividual Students &
adultsTranslated
from Dutch
or English,
back-
translation.82/C0.87, M5.85
(E), .81 /C0.89,
M5.83 (A),
.78/C0.87, M5.84
(C), .81 /C0.88,
M5.85 (ES),
.74/C0.84, M5.80
(Aut).93/C0.97, M5.95 (E),
.82/C0.95, M5.91 (A),
.87/C0.97, M5.94 (C),
.92/C0.98, .96 (ES),
.88/C0.97, M5.93
(Aut)