Recent models suggest that frustration causes aggression because it is un-
pleasant. Other studies find that frustration-induced aggression can bedisplaced onto innocent targets. In addition, the widely held belief that
aggression leads to catharsis and less aggression has not been supported
in empirical investigations. Allowing people to act out their aggressive
impulses appears to increase, not decrease, the likelihood of further
aggression.
3. Researchers use concepts from object relations theory and attachment
theory to explain adult romantic relationships. Based on the works ofJohn Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, investigators can identify adult
attachment styles that presumably stem from early parent– child relation-
ships. Researchers find adults with secure, avoidant, and anxious-
ambivalent attachment styles approach and participate in romantic
relationships differently.
KEY TERMS
avoidance strategies (p. 128)
catharsis (p. 132)
coping strategies (p. 126)
emotion-focused strategies (p. 128)problem-focused strategies (p. 128)
MEDIA RESOURCES
Visit our website. Go to www.cengage.com/
psychology/burger to find online resources
directly linked to your book, including quizzing,
glossary, flashcards, and more.Summary 147