outcomes found by Zuckerman et al. (1993) and Zuckerman, Joireman, Kraft, and Kuhlman (1999) . This shortened ver-
sion provides the researchers with a valid and reliable mea sure of the Zuckerman personality model with 20 items less.
IMPULSIVE SENSATION SEEKING SCALE
(FROM ZKPQ 69-ITEM SHORT-FORM)
1.(1) (I) I tend to begin a new job without much
advance planning on how I will do it.
2.(14) [I] I often do things on impulse.
3.(19) [I] I very seldom spend much time on the
details of planning ahead.
4.(24) [SS] I like to have new and exciting
experiences and sensations even if they are a little
frightening.
5.(34) [SS] I would like to take off on a trip with no
preplanned or defining routes or timetable.
6.(39) [I] I enjoy getting into new situations where you
can’t predict how things will turn out.
7.(45) [SS] I like doing things just for the thrill of it.
8.(50) [SS] I tend to change interests frequently.9.(55) [55] I sometimes like to do things that are a little
frightening.
10.(65) [SS] I would like the kind of life where one is
on the move and traveling a lot with lots of change
and excitement.
11.(70) [SS] I sometimes do ‘crazy’ things just for fun.
12.(75) [SS] I like to explore a strange city or section of
town by myself, even if it means getting lost.
13.(79) [SS] I prefer friends who are excitingly
unpredictable.
14.(84) [I] I often get so carried away by new and
exciting things and ideas that I never think of
possible complications.
Note: Reproduced with permission.
ImpSS Scale from Cross-Cultural Shortened Form of ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC)
(Aluja et al., 2006 ).
Variable
The ZKPQ-50-CC measures the following variables: Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Aggression /C0Hostility,
Activity, Sociability, and Neuroticism /C0Anxiety.
Description
Those who use tests for research are always demanding shorter forms. Many of these short forms lose reliabil-
ity because of the loss of items and show attenuated relationships with the original long forms. Aluja et al. (2006)
and Aluja et al. (2007b) developed a short form of the ZKPQ in four languages: English (United States), French
(Switzerland), German (Germany), and Spanish (Spain).
An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in the calibration sample and a confirmatory factor analysis in a
different validation sample. Using several criteria derived from EFA and CFA item analysis, including modifica-
tion index and standardized regression weights, 10 items per scale were selected. This short version (named
ZKPQ-50-CC) presents psychometric properties strongly similar to the original version in the four countries. The
factor structure was near equivalent across the four countries since the congruence indices were all higher than
0.90. The results were five 10-item scales representing the original five ZKPQ factors in all four countries and lan-
guages. Cross language similarity of the five factors was high and the scales correlated highly with their longer
versions. The same items were used for all five scales in all four cultures.
The ImpSS 10-item scale contained only two Imp compared with eight SS items, compared with eight Imp and
11 SS in the ZKPQ. Thus impulsivity plays a smaller role in the total ImpSS score in the short form. However we
kept the original label for the scale even though it is more of a general SS scale. There are not enough items repre-
senting impulsivity to score it as a separate facet of ImpSS in this shortened scale.
Sample
The total sample included 4621 participants (1667 males [36.1%], and 2954 females [63.9%]). The sample was
randomly divided into calibration ( N52322) and validation ( N52299) groups. The numbers of subjects in the
four countries were 517 from Germany (Mean age: 26.94 years; SD54.31), 962 from Spain (Mean age: 21.39 years;
SD52.97), 764 from the French-speaking part of Switzerland (Mean age: 21.68 years; SD53.05), and 2378 from
the United States of America (age was not coded for this sample).366 13. MEASURES OF SENSATION SEEKING
III. EMOTION REGULATION