316 III. DEvELOPMENT
of the environments in which adolescents 
act and behave. As in the study of adult per -
sonality, it is to be expected that investigat -
ing interactions with the environment and 
within-  person variability will add a more 
dynamic perspective to personality research 
in adolescence.
In summary, this review has made clear 
that the field of personality research in ado -
lescence is flourishing and has promising 
prospects. We have shown that traits play 
a major role in the explanation of impor -
tant outcomes throughout life, making this 
field of study attractive for researchers and 
policymakers interested in real-world con -
sequences and outcomes. Personality con -
structs have been found to be partly stable, 
but we know today that they also show 
changes in terms of normative development, 
as well as individual development, as a con -
siderable number of individuals deviate from 
the general normative patterns and follow 
their unique developmental paths. Further 
understanding of these individual develop -
mental trajectories is a key challenge for the 
entire field of individual differences.
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