HEXACO HEXACO-
PILee &
Ashton
(2006)Lee &
Ashton
(2006)No Both 208 (6 factors,
24 facets)5-point Likert
(agreement)1 Individual Students &
adultsFactors: .87 /C0.91,
over .90 for
peer-reports;
facets: M 5.82
(students), .79
(adults), .85
(peer reports)
Jung’s
theory of
types
(1921/
1971 )MBTI McCaulley &
Moody
(2008)Myers et al.
(1998)No Self Different
versions
availableForced choice Over 10
publisher-
approved
translations,
over 20 more
available for
researchNone Individual Students &
adultsTranslated
from EnglishData &
references for
different
versions &
samples
reported
Murray’s
(1938)
needs
theoryNPQ Paunonen
et al. (1992)Paunonen
et al. (1990)No Self 136 (16 traits) Likert
(likelihood)4 None Individual Students Instructions
translated
from English
using
committee
approachNot reported; cf.
Paunonen et al.
(1990, 1996)Across country
comparisons: .91 /C0.94
(AO), 93 /C0.98 (A-I),
.86/C0.97 (Aut),
.76/C0.99 (Agg),
.91/C0.97 (SC)
Paunonen
et al. (1996)Paunonen
et al. (1990)No Self 136 (16 traits) 7-point Likert
(likelihood)6 None Individual Students Instructions
translated
from English
using
committee
approachAcross 17
scalesd: .52/C0.91,
M5.75
(Canada);
.46/C0.82, M5.67
(Finland);
.47/C0.87, M5.67
(Poland);
.52/C0.79, M5.66
(Germany);
.56/C0.82, M5.68
(Russia); .38 /C0.78,
M5.61 (Hong
Kong)Across country
comparisons of 5
factors: all over .80,
M5.90
Paunonen
et al. (2000)Paunonen
et al. (1990)No Self 136 (16 traits,
infrequency
scale)7-point Likert
(likelihood)5 None Individual Students Instructions
translated
from English
using
committee
approachAcross 17
scalesd: .55/C0.81,
M5.71
(Canada);
.46/C0.86, M5.72
(England);
.58/C0.85, M5.70
(Netherlands);
.43/C0.80, M5.68
(Norway);
.52/C0.82, M5.65
(Israel)Across country
comparisons of 5
factors: .86 /C0.98,
M5.92
PRF
(Form E)Paunonen
et al. (1992)Jackson
(1984)No Self 176 (20 content,
2 validity
scales)Dichotomous 4 None Individual Students Translated
from English
using
committee
approachNot reported; cf.
Paunonen et al.
(1990, 1996)Across country
comparisons: .92 /C0.97
(AO), 82 /C0.95 (A-I),
.95/C0.97 (Aut),
.88/C0.93 (Agg),
.89/C0.97 (SC)
(Continued )