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Chapter 4    Jung: Analytical Psychology125
Thestory ofJung’s lifeshows twoepisodes when introversion wasclearly the
dominant attitude. Thefirstwasduring early adolescence when hebecame cogni -
zantofaNo.2personality, onebeyond awareness tohisextraverted personality. The
second episode wasduring hismidlife confrontation withhisunconscious when he
carried onconversations withhisanima, experienced bizarre dreams, andinduced 
strange visions thatwerethe“stuff ofpsychosis” (Jung, 1961, p.188). During his
nearly completely introverted midlife crisis, hisfantasies wereindividualized and
subjective. Other people, including evenJung’s wife,could notaccurately compre -
hend what hewasexperiencing. Only ToniWolff seemed capable ofhelping him
emerge from hisconfrontation withtheunconscious. During thatintroverted con-
frontation, Jungsuspended ordiscontinued much ofhisextraverted orobjective atti-
tude. Hestopped actively treating hispatients, resigned hisposition aslecturer atthe
University ofZürich, ceased histheoretical writing, andfor3years, found thathe
could notevenreadanykindofscientific book. Hewasintheprocess ofdiscovering 
theintroverted poleofhisexistence.
Jung’s voyage ofdiscovery, however, wasnottotally introverted. Heknew that
unless heretained some holdonhisextraverted world, hewould riskbecoming abso-
lutely possessed byhisinner world. Afraid thathemight become completely psy-
chotic, heforced himself tocontinue asmuch ofanormal lifeaspossible withhis
family andhisprofession. Bythistechnique, Jungeventually emerged from hisinner 
journey andestablished abalance between introversion andextraversion.
Extraversion
Incontrast tointroversion, extraversion istheattitude distinguished bytheturning 
outward ofpsychic energy sothataperson isoriented toward theobjective andaway 
from thesubjective. Extraverts aremore influenced bytheirsurroundings thanby
theirinner world. They tendtofocus ontheobjective attitude while suppressing the
subjective. LikeJung’s childhood No.1personality, theyarepragmatic andwell
rooted intherealities ofeveryday life.Atthesame time, theyareoverly suspicious of
thesubjective attitude, whether theirownorthatofsomeone else.
Insummary, people areneither completely introverted norcompletely extra -
verted. Introverted people arelikeanunbalanced teeter-totter withaheavy weight 
ononeendandaverylightweight ontheother (seeFigure 4.3A). Conversely, extra -
verted people areunbalanced intheother direction, withaheavy extraverted attitude 
andaverylightintroverted one(seeFigure 4.3B). However, psychologically healthy 
people attain abalance ofthetwoattitudes, feeling equally comfortable withboth
theirinternal andexternal worlds (seeFigure 4.3C).
InChapter 3,wesaidthatAdler developed atheory ofpersonality thatwas
quite opposite tothatofFreud. Where didJungplace these twotheories onthe
extraversion/introversion pole? Jung(1921/1971) saidthat“Freud’s viewisessen -
tially extraverted, Adler’s introverted” (p.62).Ourbiographical sketches ofFreud 
andAdler reveal thattheopposite appears tobetrue:Freud waspersonally some -
what introverted, intunewithhisdreams andfantasy life,whereas Adler wasper-
sonally extraverted, feeling most comfortable ingroup settings, singing songs and
playing thepiano inthecoffeehouses ofVienna. YetJungheldthatFreud’s theory Final PDF to printer