TABLE 26.1 Overview of Studies with Data on Cross-Cultural Equivalence of Major Personality Measures
Model Inventory Publication Reference
Publication
for
InstrumentPublic
DomainSelf-/
Peer-
RatingNumber of
Items (Scales,
Subscales)Response
ScaleNumber of
CulturesReference
SampleLevel of
AnalysisSample
CharacteristicsTranslation
and
AdaptationReliability:
Cronbach’s αEFA Congruence
CoefficientsConfirmatory
Factor
AnalysisDifferential
Item
Functioning
16PF-5 Aluja,
Rossier, et al.
(2005)Cattell et al.
(1993)No Self 185 (5 higher-
order, 16
primary
factors)3-options
format2 None Individual Students Adapted
from English.54/C0.84 (Spain),
.56/C0.84 (Switzer-
land)a.95 (E), .95 (Anxiety),
.86 (Self-Control), .96
(Independence), .62
(Tough-Mindedness)
CPI Labouvie-
Vief et al.
(2000)Gough
(1987)No Self 462 (20 scales) Dichotomous 2 US Individual General
populationTranslated
from English
using
committee
approach,
back-
translationNot reported .98 (E), .97 (C/N), .97
(F), .86 (F/M)
CPS Brief &
Comrey
(1993)Comrey
(1970)No Self 180 (8 content
scales, 40
subscales, 2
validity scales)7-point Likert
(frequency or
applicability)7(6) Combined:
Australia,
Brazil,
(Israel);
Italy, New
Zealand, &
USIndividual Students &
adultsTranslated
from
English,
back-
translation;
few items
modifiedNot reported Russian with
combined sample:
.89 (T/C0D), .84
(O/C0LC, excl. Israel),
.89 (SC /C0R), .91
(A/C0LE), .86 (ES /C0N),
.95 (E/C0I), .87 (M /C0F),
.89 (E/C0E)
Caprara,
Barbaranelli,
and Comrey
(1992)Comrey
(1970)No Self 180 (8 content
scales, 40
subscales, 2
validity scales)7-point Likert
(frequency or
applicability)2 US Individual Students &
adultsTranslated
from
English,
back-
translationNot reported .93 (T /C0D), .85
(O/C0LC), .91 (SC /C0R),
.91 (A/C0LE), .94
(ES/C0N), .96 (E /C0I),
.90 (M/C0F), .94 (E /C0E)
De Bruin,
Nel, and
Comrey
(1997)Comrey
(1970)No Self 180 (8 content
scales with 5
subscales each,
2 validity
scales)7-point Likert
(frequency or
applicability)2 US Individual Students Translated
from
English,
back-
translationNot reported .94 (T /C0D), .96
(O/C0LC), .81 (SC /C0R),
.89/.75 (A /C0LE), .95
(ES/C0N), .98 (E /C0I),
.95 (MT /C0S), .97
(E/C0E)
Noller, Law,
and Comrey
(1988)Comrey
(1970)No Self 180 (8 content
scales, 40
subscales, 2
validity scales)7-point Likert
(frequency or
applicability)4 Combined:
Brazil,
New
Zealand,
US (3 sub-
samples)Individual Students &
adultsNone Not reported Average of
Australian with
reference samples:
.91 (T/C0D), .89
(O/C0LC), .87 (SC /C0R),
.92 (A/C0LE), .94
(ES/C0N), .96 (E /C0I),
.91 (M/C0F), .94 (E /C0E)
JPI Bornstein
et al. (2007)Jackson
(1976)No Self 180 (9 scales) Dichotomous 7, grouped in
‘individualist’
(n54) &
‘collectivist’
(n53)None Individual Mothers of
normal,
firstborn 20-
month old
childrenTranslated
from
English,
back-
translationNot reported Equal factor
loadings:
χ2(61)5
122.36,
p,.001,
CFI5.90,
RMSEA 5.05
(Continued )