fei75766_glo_G1-G15.indd G-1  02/19/20 09:26 AMG-1Glossary
A
accusation  Adlerian safeguarding tendency whereby one
protects magnified feelings ofself-esteem byblaming 
others forone’s ownfailures.
active imagination  Technique usedbyJungtouncover 
collective unconscious material. Patients areasked to
concentrate onanimage untilaseries offantasies 
areproduced.
actualizing tendency (Rogers)  Tendency within all
people tomove toward completion orfulfillment 
ofpotentials.
adaptations (Buss)  Evolved strategies thatsolve 
important survival and/or reproductive problems. 
adolescence (Erikson)  Animportant psychosocial stage 
when egoidentity should beformed. Adolescence is
characterized bypuberty andthecrisis ofidentity versus 
identity confusion.
adulthood (Erikson)  Thestage from about ages31–60 
thatischaracterized bythepsychosexual mode of
procreativity andthecrisis ofgenerativity versus 
stagnation.
aesthetic needs (Maslow)  Needs forart,music, 
beauty, andthelike.Although theymayberelated to
thebasic conative needs, aesthetic needs area
separate dimension.
agape  Altruistic love.
aggression (Adler)  Safeguarding tendencies thatmay
include depreciation oraccusation ofothers aswellas
self-accusation, alldesigned toprotect exaggerated 
feelings ofpersonal superiority bystriking outagainst 
other people.
aggression (Freud)  Oneoftwoprimary instincts or
drives thatmotivate people. Aggression istheoutward 
manifestation ofthedeath instinct. 
agreeableness/hostility (Buss)  Aperson’s willingness 
andcapacity tocooperate andhelpthegroup ontheone
hand ortobehostile andaggressive ontheother.
alternative niche specialization (Buss)  Different people 
findwhat makes them stand outfrom others inorder to
gainattention from parents orpotential mates.anal character  Freudian termforaperson whois
characterized bycompulsive neatness, stubbornness, and
miserliness.
anal phase (Freud)  Sometimes called theanal-sadistic 
phase, thissecond stage oftheinfantile period is
characterized byachild’s attempts togainpleasure from 
theexcretory function andbysuchrelated behaviors as
destroying orlosing objects, stubbornness, neatness, and
miserliness. Corresponds roughly tothesecond 
yearoflife.
anal triad (Freud)  Thethree traits ofcompulsive 
neatness, stubbornness, andmiserliness thatcharacterize 
theanalcharacter.
anal-urethral-muscular  Erikson’s termfortheyoung 
child’s psychosexual mode ofadapting.
analytical psychology  Theory ofpersonality and
approach topsychotherapy founded byCarlJung.
anima  Jungian archetype thatrepresents thefeminine 
component inthepersonality ofmales andoriginates 
from men’s inherited experiences withwomen.
animus  Jungian archetype thatrepresents the
masculine component inthepersonality offemales and
originates from women’s inherited experiences 
withmen.
anxiety  Afelt,affective, unpleasant stateaccompanied 
bythephysical sensation ofuneasiness.
anxiety (Kelly)  Therecognition thattheevents with
which oneisconfronted lieoutside therange of
convenience ofone’s construct system.
anxiety (May)  Theexperience ofthethreat ofimminent 
nonbeing.
anxiety (Rogers)  Feelings ofuneasiness ortension with
anunknown cause.
archetypes  Jung’s concept thatrefers tothecontents of
thecollective unconscious. Archetypes, alsocalled 
primordial images orcollective symbols, represent 
psychic patterns ofinherited behavior andarethus
distinguished from instincts, which arephysical impulses 
toward action. Typical archetypes aretheanima, animus, 
andshadow.Final PDF to printer