fei75766_ch13_408-434.indd 431  02/06/20 01:05 PM
Chapter 13    McCrae and Costa’s Five-Factor Trait Theory431
•McCrae andCosta placed equal emphasis onbiological and environmental 
influences on personality.
•TheFive-Factor Theory hasbeen usedtoassess personality traits in cultures 
throughout theworld.
•TheNEO-PI-R shows ahighlevelofstability in personality factors aspeople 
advance from about 30years oldtooldage.
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