 Subject Index  935
Histrionic personality disorder, 756, 
762
Hormones, 197 t, 200–201, 397–398
Hostile thoughts, 375–378, 376 f, 
416–417
Human nature, 3–4, 8–10, 12–17
I
Identification stage of emotion 
regulation, 525–528, 525 f, 526 f. 
See also  Emotion regulation
Identity. See also  Identity negotiation; 
Life-story model of identity; Self 
and self-processes
adolescence and, 310
identity change and, 599–602
middle childhood and, 298
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 261
overview, 261, 587
processes of, 579
religion and spirituality and, 711–712
self-coherence and, 89
situated identity, 596–597
Identity negotiation. See also  
Identity; Self and self-processes
identity change and, 599–602
intrapsychic mechanisms and, 
592–593
outcomes associated with, 598–599
overview, 587–588, 589–590, 
602–603
principles of, 590–591
process model of, 593–599, 594 f
Idiographic approach, 135–137, 468
If–then patterns, 412, 417, 674, 675–
676. See also  Cognitive–affective 
processing system (CAPS) model
Illness. See  Health
Imagination, 61 t, 290 t, 304–309, 
307t. See also  Creativity
Implementation stage of emotion 
regulation, 525–526, 525 f, 526 f, 
529–530. See also  Emotion 
regulation
Implicit motives. See also  
Achievement motive; Motives 
and motivation
biopsychological aspects of, 
396–398
measurement of, 389–392, 390 f
motivational functions of, 
398–402, 399 f
overview, 385–389, 402–403
self-attributed needs and goals and, 
392–396, 393 f
Impulsive behavior. See also  
Conscientiousness
agreeableness and, 375
behavioral approach system (BAS) 
and, 495, 497–498intervention and, 797
names or labels assigned to factors 
and, 60
neuroticism and, 373
self-regulation and, 610, 612–613, 
619
Incentives
economics and, 860–861, 882 n
implicit motives and, 398–402, 399 f
incentive functions of emotions 
and, 455
task performance and, 856, 856 f
Income, 730–731. See also  
Employment outcomes
Individual differences
adaptations and, 27–28
adolescence and, 303
adulthood and, 346–347, 
648–650, 649 f
attachment and, 644–645, 
648–650, 649 f
behavioral approach system (BAS) 
and, 493
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 64–67
comprehensive framework and, 27
creativity and, 437–438
culture and, 695–697
dimensions of life stories and, 
128–130, 129 t
emotion regulation and, 526–530, 
526f, 535, 536
evolutionary processes and, 17–28, 
17t, 29
narcissism and, 634–637
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 265–266
overview, 3–4
self processes and, 565, 608–609
subjective well-being and, 735
temperament and, 147
Infancy, 644–645, 777–778. See also  
Developmental processes; Early 
childhood
Information processing model, 
395–396, 577–578
Instrumental learning, 400–401, 
736. See also  Learning processes
Integrative theory of motivation, 
personality, and development, 
83–84, 92–98. See also  BEATs; 
Developmental processes; 
Motives and motivation; Needs; 
Personality
Intellect. See also  Cognitive skills; 
Genius; Openness
curiosity and, 61 t
economics and, 853, 854–855, 
863–873, 864 f, 865 f, 868 t, 869 f, 
870f, 871 f, 872 f, 873 f, 874 f, 881 n
health and, 778, 783–784
neurobiology of personality and, 
197t, 202person–situation interactions and, 
672–673
self-regulation and, 613–617
Internalizing disorders, 744, 746–
747. See also  Psychopathology
International Classification of 
Diseases  (ICD-10 and ICD-11), 
756, 759–760, 765, 766–767
Interpersonal Sensitivity dimension. 
See Agreeableness
Intervention
causal evidence from intervention 
studies, 873, 875–880, 876 f, 
877f
overview, 793–794, 800–802
personality disorders and, 757–760
psychopathology and, 750
research directions and, 800–801
self-knowledge and, 847–848
types of, 794–800
Intrapsychic mechanisms, 373, 
592–593, 596
Intrinsic motivation, 109–115, 110 f, 
114f. See also  Motives and 
motivation
Introversion. See  Extraversion
Intuition (vs. Sensing) dimension. See  
Openness
IQs. See  Genius; Intellect
J
Jealousy, 9–10, 15–16, 19, 515–516, 
630t
Job performance. See  Employment 
outcomes
Judging (vs. Perceiving) dimension. 
See Conscientiousness
L
Language, 7, 43–46, 59, 467–468, 
570. See also  Culture; Vocal 
expressions
Leadership roles, 66–67
Learning processes, 398, 399 f, 
400–401
Lexical approach, 40–41, 48 t, 69
Life experiences. See also  
Developmental processes; Early 
experiences; Life-story model of 
identity
economics and, 880
gene–environment interactions (G 
× E) and, 232–233
narrating negative events and, 
131–133
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 265
subjective well-being and, 
730–731, 735–736