(2007) utilized a sample of 510 (265 males; 245 females) secondary school students ( M516.3 years, range 16 /C028
years).
Reliability
Internal Consistency
Buss and Perry (1992) reported Cronbach alpha coefficients for the BPAQ subscales ( N51253) as follows:
Physical Aggression (.85), Verbal Aggression (.72), Anger (.83), Hostility (.77), and BPAQ Total (.89). Fossati et al.
(2003, p. 62) reported alpha coefficients ( N5563) as follows: Physical Aggression (.81), Verbal Aggression (.53),
Anger (.72), and Hostility (.68), and ( N5392) as follows: Physical Aggression (.85), Verbal Aggression (.53),
Anger (.72), and Hostility (.78). Abd-El-Fattah (2007) reported alpha coefficients for the four BPAQ subscales as
follows: Physical Aggression (.82), Verbal Aggression (.81), Anger (.83), and Hostility (.80). Evren, Cinar, Gulec,
Celik, and Evren (2011) reported alpha coefficients ( N5166) ranging from .59 to .93 for the Turkish version of
the BPAQ. Subsequently, Demirtas-Madran (2013) reported alpha coefficients for the Turkish version ( N5220) as
follows: Physical Aggression (.78), Verbal Aggression (.48), Anger (.76), Hostility (.71), and BPAQ Total (.85).
Test/C0Retest
Buss and Perry (1992) reported stability coefficients for the BPAQ subscales ( N51253) across a nine-week
test/C0retest interval as follows: Physical Aggression (.80), Verbal Aggression (.76), Anger (.72), Hostility (.72), and
BPAQ Total (.80). Diamond et al. (2005) reported alpha coefficients for the four subscales in the Bryant and Smith
(2001) short form that ranged from .63 to .73. Likewise, Evren et al. (2011) reported two-week test /C0retest reliabil-
ity coefficients ( N5166) ranging from .54 to .84 for the Turkish version of the BPAQ. Subsequently, Demirtas-
Madran (2013) reported stability coefficients over a four-week interval as follows: Physical Aggression (.98),
Verbal Aggression (.82), Anger (.85), Hostility (.85), and BPAQ Total (.97).
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
As evidence of convergent/concurrent validity, Buss and Perry (1992) reported positive correlations between
the BPAQ subscales and various trait measures as follows: BPAQ Physical Aggression correlated .20 (men) with
Activity, .28 with Impulsiveness, .28 with Assertiveness, and .36 with Competitiveness. BPAQ Verbal Aggression
correlated .31 with Impulsiveness, .49 with Assertiveness, and .39 with Competitiveness. BPAQ Anger correlated
.43 with Emotionality .22 (men) with Activity, .42 with Impulsiveness, .40 with Assertiveness, .32 with
Competitiveness, and .20 (women) with Private self-consciousness. BPAQ Hostility correlated .52 with
Emotionality, .37 with Impulsiveness, .30 with Competitiveness, .32 (men) and .49 (women) with Public
self-consciousness, and .24 with Private self-consciousness ( Buss & Perry, 1992 ). Total BPAQ scores correlated
.35 with Emotionality, .25 (men) with Activity, .46 with Impulsiveness, .43 with Assertiveness, .46 with
Competitiveness, .20 with Public self-consciousness, and .25 (women) with Private self-consciousness. Bernstein
and Gesn (1997) reported that the BPAQ subscales exhibited positive inter-correlations (ranging from .34 to 1.00),
indicative of their convergent/concurrent validity.
Divergent/Discriminant
As evidence of divergent/discriminative validity, Buss and Perry (1992) also reported divergent/discriminant
validity evidence as follows: BPAQ Physical Aggression did not correlate significantly with Emotionality,
Activity (women), Sociability, Public self-consciousness, Private self-consciousness, or Self-esteem. BPAQ Verbal
Aggression did not correlate significantly with Emotionality, Sociability, Public self-consciousness, or Self-esteem.
BPAQ Anger did not correlate significantly with Activity (women), Sociability, Private self-consciousness (men),
and was negatively correlated with Self-esteem ( /C0.14 men; /C0.27 women). BPAQ Hostility did not correlate signif-
icantly with Activity, and was negatively correlated with Sociability ( /C0.12), and Self-esteem ( /C0.49).
Construct/Factor Analytic
As evidence of construct/factor analytic validity, Buss and Perry (1992) performed separate exploratory
principal-axis factor analyses with oblimin rotation on the BDHI item intercorrelations using samples of 406, 448,
and 399 undergraduates, respectively. Four factors were extracted and labeled: Physical Aggression, Verbal
Aggression, Anger, and Hostility. A confirmatory factor analysis carried out on the second subsample of univer-
sity students ( N5448), provided additional support for the four-factor structure. Bernstein and Gesn (1997)79 MEASURES REVIEWED IN DETAIL
II. EMOTIONAL DISPOSITIONS