930 Subject Index
Attention, 374, 399 f, 401, 592
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity 
disorder (ADHD), 164, 496–497, 
612–613, 747
Attraction, 272–274, 630 t
Attrition, 274–275, 275 f, 345
Autism, 467–468
Autobiographical author, 124, 
126–128, 259, 260 f, 298
Autobiographical memory, 401. See 
also Memory
Automatic processes, 609
Autonomy granting of parenting, 
352, 355, 356, 356 t. See also  
Parenting factors
Avoidance, 372–373, 545, 630 t
Avoidant attachment, 644–645, 
644f, 649 f. See also  Attachment
Avoidant personality disorder, 756, 
766–767
B
Basic Six taxonomy of emotions, 
456–462, 458 t, 459 t–460 t, 461 t, 
462t
BEATs, 90–98, 91 f. See also  Action 
tendencies; Beliefs; Emotions; 
Goals; Integrative theory of 
motivation, personality, and 
development; Motives and 
motivation; Needs
Behavior
adult attachment and, 650
creativity and, 431–432
culture and, 686
ecological sampling methods and, 
807–808, 807 f
implicit and explicit motives and, 
393–395, 399 f
person–situation interactions and, 
673–676
Behavior change, 412. See also  
Change in personality
Behavioral approach system (BAS). 
See also  Approach system
neurobiology of personality and, 
196–197
outcomes associated with, 
493–495
overview, 487–488, 497–498
psychopathology and, 495–497
research directions and, 497–498
self-regulation and, 618
self-report measures pertaining to, 
458–493, 489 t
subjective well-being and, 736–737
Behavioral genetics, 217–236, 657–
659. See also  Genetic factors
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), 
199, 369, 618, 736–737
Beliefs, 90–92, 91 f, 730Bias
biased interpretation, 592
biased recall, 592–593
economics and, 858–859, 858 f, 
882n, 883 n
identity negotiation and, 592–593
mechanisms of emotional 
experience and, 463–464, 
465–466
narcissism and, 631–632
overview, 370
self-knowledge and, 848
Bidirectionality, 341–342, 343, 
360. See also  Causal processes; 
Transactional processes
Big Five personality traits and 
model. See also  Agreeableness; 
Conscientiousness; Extraversion; 
Five-factor model; Neuroticism; 
Openness; Personality traits
adolescence and, 304–308, 307 t
adult personality development and, 
344–346
attachment and, 660–661
comparing measures of, 51–59, 
54t, 56f, 58f
convergence between other 
structural models and, 62–63
creativity and, 439 n
cross-cultural and cross-language 
studies and, 43–46
economics and, 855, 857–858, 
857f, 863–873, 864 f, 865 f, 868 t, 
869f, 870 f, 871 f, 872 f, 873 f, 
874f, 881 n–884 n
emotions and, 450, 468–472, 470 f, 
472f
environmental heterogeneity and, 
23–24
integrative theory of motivation, 
personality, and development 
and, 96–97
issues and theoretical perspectives 
and, 63–71
lexical approach, 40–41
life transitions and, 324–333
middle childhood and, 285 f, 288, 
289
molecular genetics and, 248 t–249 t
motivation-based theory of 
personality and, 92–96
names or labels assigned to factors 
and, 59–62, 61 f
narcissism and, 630 t
needs and, 93–94
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 263–264, 266
neurobiology of personality and, 
195–196, 197 t
overview, 35–40, 36 t–37t, 41–46, 
42t, 71–72
parenting and, 354–356, 356 t
personality disorders and, 761 tpersonality questionnaires and, 
46– 47, 48 t
person–situation interactions and, 
676, 677
prototype approach and, 47, 49
self processes and, 566, 613–617
temperament and, 150–151
theoretical perspectives on, 68–71
young adulthood and, 322–323
Big Three framework, 148–160, 150 t, 
152t, 153 t, 155 t, 156 t, 162–168, 
165t
Biological factors. See also  
Neurobiology of personality
animal personality and, 180–181
behavioral approach system (BAS) 
and, 487–488, 491–493
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 70–71
biopsychological model, 396–398, 
773
creativity and, 435–437
emotions and, 450, 513–514
health and, 775, 776
implicit motives and, 396–398
mechanisms of emotional 
experience and, 464–466
naturalist view of the self and, 
562–563
Bipolar disorder, 535–536
Bodily awareness, 465–466, 
693–694
Borderline personality pathology and 
disorder. See also  Neuroticism
emotional differentiation and, 
467–468
overview, 756, 758, 764, 766–767
parenting and, 356 t
personality research and, 745, 760, 
761t
temperament and, 163
Brain functioning, 70–71, 197 t, 
464–465, 572–575, 713. See 
also Neurobiology of personality
C
Callous–unemotional traits/
psychopathy, 356 t
CAPTION model, 315
Career outcomes. See  Employment 
outcomes
Causal processes
attachment and, 654–660
causal coherence, 126
comprehensive framework and, 27
economics and, 873, 875–880, 
876f, 877 f
gene–environment interactions (G 
× E) and, 229–233
implicit motives and, 390, 
402–403