fei75766_ch09_271-308.indd 279  02/06/20 12:09 PM
Chapter 9    Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory279
PhysiologicalLove &Belongingness
SafetyEsteemSelf-
Actualization
FIGURE 9.1  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs—Like Climbing a Ladder, a Person is Mostly Concerned 
with One Level After Moving Up from a Lower Level, but Also Is at More Than One Level at a Time.
recurring nature. After people haveeaten, theywilleventually become hungry again; 
theyconstantly needtoreplenish theirfoodandwater supply; andonebreath ofair
must befollowed byanother. Other levelneeds, however, donotconstantly recur. For
example, people whohaveatleastpartially satisfied theirloveandesteem needs will
remain confident thattheycancontinue tosatisfy theirloveandesteem needs.
Safety Needs
When people havepartially satisfied theirphysiological needs, theybecome moti-
vated bysafety needs, including physical security, stability, dependency, protection, 
andfreedom from threatening forces suchaswar,terrorism, illness, fear,anxiety, 
danger, chaos, andnatural disasters. Theneeds forlaw,order, andstructure arealso
safety needs (Maslow, 1970).
Safety needs differ from physiological needs inthattheycannot beoverly sati-
ated; people cannever becompletely protected from meteorites, fires, floods, orthe
dangerous actsofothers.Final PDF to printer