(4)Are you regular in prayer or do you sometimes
sum 2 or more of your obligatory prayers (Fard)
with each other or skip?
1.Always skip prayers
2.Often skip
3.Sometimes skip
4.Occasionally skip
5.Never skip (Regular)
(5)How often do you read or recite the Qur’an or
other religious literature (magazines, papers, books)
in your home?
1.Not at all or rarely
2.During Ramadan only
3.Occasionally, besides Ramadan, but less than
several times per week
4.Several times/week
5.Once a day or more
(6)How often do you listen to or watch religious
programs on radio or TV?
1.Not at all or rarely
2.During Ramadan only
3.Occasionally, besides Ramadan, but less than
several times per week
4.Several times/week
5.Once a day or more
(7)Do you give Zakat to poor each year?
1.Never
2.Rarely
3.Occasionally
4.Often
5.Very often
(8)Do you give money to poor as a free gift (not
obligatory like Zakat)?
1.Never
2.Rarely
3.Occasionally
4.Often
5.Very often
(9)How often do you fast from food/water (Sawm)?
1.Never
2.During Ramadan (part of month)
3.During Ramadan (all of month)
4.During Ramadan (all of month) 1occasionally
other times (Nawafl)5.During Ramadan (all of month) 1many other
times (Nawafl)
(10) How often do you make Hajj?
1.Never
2.Once
3.Twice
4.Several times, but not yearly
5.Yearly
(11) How often do you make Umrah?
1.Never
2.Once
3.Several times
4.Every year
5.Several times per year
(12) In my life, I experience the presence of Allah/God
1.Definitely true of me
2.Tends to be true
3.Unsure
4.Tends notto be true
5.Definitely nottrue
(13) My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my
whole approach to life
1.Definitely true of me
2.Tends to be true
3.Unsure
4.Tends notto be true
5.Definitely nottrue
(14) I try hard to carry my religion over into all my
other dealings in life
1.Definitely true of me
2.Tends to be true
3.Unsure
4.Tends notto be true
5.Definitely nottrue
Scoring : First, reverse code items 2, 12, 13, 14. Second,
add items 2 through 11 to create a religious practices sub-
scale score (range 10 /C050). Third, add items 12 through 14
to create an intrinsic religiosity subscale score (range
3/C015). Higher scores indicate greater religiosity.
Note: Permission from the authors is needed to use
the scale ( Harold.Koenig@duke.edu ). We encourage
researchers to use this scale and report its psychomet-
ric properties.
Santosh /C0Francis Scale of Attitude towards Hinduism (SFSAH)
(Francis et al., 2008 ).
Variable
The SFSAH measures religious commitment as determined by attitudes toward traditional Hindu beliefs and
practices ( Francis et al., 2008 ).553 RELIGION SPECIFIC MEASURES
V. VICES AND VIRTUES