consistency scales. Eleven of the items are keyed for a ‘False’ response, which differs from the original Lscale on
which all the 15 items were false-keyed.
Sample
Because the item pool of the RF version is based upon the MMPI-2, RF scales can be rescored from any sample
of MMPI-2 respondents that has item level responses available. The MMPI-2 norms of 2276 individuals are used
by the MMPI-2-RF ( Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008 ) and are reported on a non-gendered basis. Tellegen and Ben-
Porath (2008) reported normative figures for the validity scales in Table B-1 of the manual, while Ben-Porath and
Tellegen (2008) used Figure F-1 and the MMPI-2 profile sheet to convert raw scores to T-scores using the com-
bined gender norms. Tellegen and Ben-Porath (2008) also reported on the comparability studies between the orig-
inal MMPI-2 and the RF form. They concluded that using the norms for the MMPI-2 in this manner for the
interpretation of the RFscores was defensible. For the overall normative sample, the reported mean score was
2.61 ( SD52.07).
Reliability
Internal Consistency
Tellegen and Ben-Porath (2008) reported Cronbach alpha coefficients for five samples ranging from .57 to .65
for the L-rscore.
Test/C0Retest
The Technical Manual ( Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2008 ) reported a test /C0retest reliability of .79 for a sample of 193
individuals who had taken the MMPI-2-RF twice, one week apart.
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
No new evidence for the L-rscale was found during the search for this review.
Divergent/Discriminant
Sellbom and Bagby (2008) reported that the mean L-rscale score was significantly higher for student and
patient groups instructed to fake good as compared to those taking the test under standard conditions. The same
was true for a sample of individuals taking the MMPI-2 as part of a child custody evaluation as compared to
those undergraduate students instructed to fake good.
Construct/Factor Analytic
The extensive literature on the MMPI-2 can be consulted for factor analytic results of the MMPI scales. The
term ‘construct’ really only applies to the RF version. The empirical keying approach used for previous editions
of the MMPI would preclude studies at the construct level.
Location
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008). MMPI-2-RF: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured
Form. Manual for administration, scoring, and administration . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008). MMPI-2-RF: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured
Form . Technical manual. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Results and Comments
With only modest item differences in content, existing validity data for the MMPI-2 Lscale score should apply
to the L-rscale, although the shifting composition of the scale and relocation of items in the item booklet means
that the conservative user will likely wish to see some harder evidence of comparability than is provided in the
current materials for the MMPI-2-RF. The Technical Manual ( Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2008 ) reports data from
existing samples of correlations of MMPI-2-RF validity scale scores with one another in its Tables 3-13 to 3-15.
MMPI-2-RF K-rScale
(Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008 ).29 MEASURES OF UNDER-REPORTING
I. INTRODUCTION: CORE ISSUES IN ASSESSMENT