fei75766_ch04_107-148.indd 111  02/19/20 09:00 AM
Chapter 4    Jung: Analytical Psychology111
In1909, G.Stanley Hall, thepresident ofClark University andoneofthefirst
psychologists intheUnited States, invited JungandFreud todeliver aseries oflectures 
atClark University inWorcester, Massachusetts. Together withSándor Ferenczi, 
another psychoanalyst, thetwomenjourneyed toAmerica, thefirstofJung’s ninevis-
itstotheUnited States (Bair, 2003). During their7-week tripandwhile theywerein
daily contact, anunderlying tension between JungandFreud slowly began tosimmer. 
Thispersonal tension wasnotdiminished when thetwonow-famous psychoanalysts 
began tointerpret eachother’s dreams, apastime likely tostrain anyrelationship.
InMemories, Dreams, Reflections, Jung(1961) claimed thatFreud wasunwilling 
toreveal details ofhispersonal life—details Jungneeded inorder tointerpret oneof
Freud’s dreams. According toJung’s account, when asked forintimate details, Freud 
protested, “ButIcannot riskmyauthority!” (Jung, 1961, p.158). Atthatmoment, 
Jungconcluded, Freud indeed hadlosthisauthority. “That sentence burned itself into
mymemory, andinittheendofourrelationship wasalready foreshadowed” (p.158).
Jungalsoasserted that,during thetriptoAmerica, Freud wasunable tointer-
pretJung’s dreams, especially onethatseemed tocontain richmaterial from Jung’s 
collective unconscious. Later, wediscuss thisdream inmore detail, butherewe
merely present those aspects ofthedream thatmayrelate tosome ofthelifelong 
problems Junghadwithwomen. Inthisdream, Jungandhisfamily wereliving onthe
second floor ofhishouse when hedecided toexplore itshitherto unknown levels. At
thebottom levelofhisdwelling, hecame upon acavewhere hefound twooldand
mostly disintegrated human skulls. 
After Jungdescribed thedream, Freud became interested inthetwoskulls, but
notascollective unconscious material. Instead, heinsisted thatJungassociate the
skulls tosome wish. Whom didJungwishdead? Notyetcompletely trusting hisown
judgment andknowing what Freud expected, JungtoldFreud thathewished hiswife
andsister-in-law dead because those weremost believable. 
Although Jung’s interpretation ofthisdream maybemore accurate than
Freud’s, itisquite possible thatJungdidindeed wishforthedeath ofhiswife.Atthat
time, Jungwasnotrecently married buthadbeen married fornearly 7years, andfor
theprevious 5ofthose years hewasdeeply involved inanintimate relationship with
aformer patient named Sabina Spielrein. Frank McLynn (1996) claimed thatJung’s 
“mother complex” caused himtoharbor animosity toward hiswife,butamore likely 
explanation isthatJungneeded more thanonewoman tosatisfy thetwoaspects of
hispersonality.
However, thetwowomen whoshared Jung’s lifefornearly 40years werehis
wifeEmma andanother former patient named Antonia (Toni) Wolff (Bair, 2003). 
Emma Jungseemed tohaverelated better toJung’s No.1personality, while Toni
Wolff wasmore intouch withhisNo.2personality. Thethree-way relationship was
notalways amiable, butEmma Jungrealized thatToniWolff could domore forCarl
thanshe(oranyone else)could, andsheremained grateful toWolff (Dunne, 2000).
Although JungandWolff made noattempt tohidetheirrelationship, the
name ToniWolff doesnotappear inJung’s posthumously published autobiography, 
Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Alan Elms (1994) discovered thatJunghadwritten 
awhole chapter onToniWolff, achapter thatwasnever published. Theabsence of
Wolff’s name inJung’s autobiography isprobably duetothelifelong resentments 
Jung’s children hadtoward her.They remembered when shehadcarried onopenly Final PDF to printer