fei75766_ch04_107-148.indd 127  02/19/20 09:00 AM
Chapter 4    Jung: Analytical Psychology127
Extraverted thinking people relyheavily onconcrete thoughts, buttheymay
alsouseabstract ideas ifthese ideas havebeen transmitted tothem from theoutside, 
forexample, from parents orteachers. Mathematicians andengineers make frequent 
useofextraverted thinking intheirwork. Accountants, too,areextraverted thinking 
types because theymust beobjective andnotsubjective intheirapproach tonumbers. 
Notallobjective thinking, however, isproductive. Without atleastsome individual 
interpretation, ideas aremerely previously known factswithnooriginality orcreativ -
ity(Jung, 1921/1971).
Introverted thinking people react toexternal stimuli, buttheirinterpretation of
anevent iscolored more bytheinternal meaning theybring withthem thanbythe
objective factsthemselves. Inventors andphilosophers areoften introverted think -
ingtypes because theyreact totheexternal world inahighly subjective andcreative 
manner, interpreting olddatainnewways. When carried toanextreme, introverted 
thinking results inunproductive mystical thoughts thataresoindividualized thatthey
areuseless toanyother person (Jung, 1921/1971).
Feeling
Jungusedthetermfeeling todescribe theprocess ofevaluating anideaoranevent. 
Perhaps amore accurate word would bevaluing, atermlesslikely tobeconfused 
witheither sensing orintuiting. Forexample, when people say,“This surface feels
smooth,” theyareusing theirsensing function, andwhen theysay,“Ihaveafeeling 
thatthiswillbemylucky day,” theyareintuiting, notfeeling.
Thefeeling function should bedistinguished from emotion. Feeling istheeval-
uation ofevery conscious activity, eventhose valued asindifferent. Most ofthese 
evaluations havenoemotional content, buttheyarecapable ofbecoming emotions if
theirintensity increases tothepoint ofstimulating physiological changes within the
person. Emotions, however, arenotlimited tofeelings; anyofthefourfunctions can
leadtoemotion when theirstrength isincreased.
Extraverted feeling people useobjective datatomake evaluations. They are
notguided somuch bytheirsubjective opinion, butbyexternal values andwidely 
accepted standards ofjudgment. They arelikely tobeateaseinsocial situations, 
knowing onthespurofthemoment what tosayandhowtosayit.They areusually 
wellliked because oftheirsociability, butintheirquest toconform tosocial stan-
dards, theymayappear artificial, shallow, andunreliable. Their value judgments will
haveaneasily detectable falsering.Extraverted feeling people often become business -
people orpoliticians because these professions demand andreward themaking of
value judgments based onobjective information (Jung, 1921/1971).
Introverted feeling people basetheirvalue judgments primarily onsubjective 
perceptions rather thanobjective facts. Critics ofthevarious artforms make much 
useofintroverted feeling, making value judgments onthebasis ofsubjective individu -
alized data. These people haveanindividualized conscience, ataciturn demeanor, 
andanunfathomable psyche. They ignore traditional opinions andbeliefs, andtheir
nearly complete indifference totheobjective world (including people) often causes 
persons around them tofeeluncomfortable andtocooltheirattitude toward them 
(Jung, 1921/1971).Final PDF to printer