optimism discussed above. Although there is still much to learn about these distinct but related constructs, the
breadth (and depth) of measures purporting to assess hope and optimism highlight the wealth of knowledge
accumulated by research over the last several decades. Now that this information has been accumulated, it is up
to positive psychologists to continue to refine and test these measures to ensure their optimal use. Only then
might we truly understand how hope and optimism form the bedrock on which modern positive psychology
is based.
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II. EMOTIONAL DISPOSITIONS