5The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory,
Application, and Assessment 94
Limits and Liabilities of Freudian Theory 96
Alfred Adler 96
Striving for Superiority 97
Parental Influence on Personality Development 99
Birth Order 99
Carl Jung 101
The Collective Unconscious 101
Some Important Archetypes 102
Evidence for the Collective Unconscious 103
Erik Erikson 105
Erikson ’s Concept of the Ego 106
Personality Development Throughout the Life Cycle 106
Karen Horney 111
Neurosis 111
Feminine Psychology 114
Application: Psychoanalytic Theory and Religion 115
Assessment: Personal Narratives 117
Measuring Personality with Personal Narratives 117
Generativity and Life Stories 118
Strengths and Criticisms of Neo-Freudian Theories 120
Strengths 120
Criticisms 120
Summary 121
6The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research 123
Anxiety and Coping Strategies 124
Coping with Anxiety 126
Types of Coping Strategies 127
How Effective Are Coping Strategies? 129
Psychoanalytic Concepts and Aggression 131
Frustration and Aggression 132
Displacing Aggression 135
Catharsis and Aggression 137
Attachment Style and Adult Relationships 138
Object Relations Theory and Attachment Theory 139
Adult Attachment Styles 141
Alternate Models and Measurement 142
Attachment Style and Romantic Relationships 144
Summary 146x CONTENTS