940 Subject Index
School performance, 65–66, 313–
314, 327–328, 863–864, 864 f. 
See also  Academic achievement 
and outcomes
Secure attachment, 644–645, 
644f, 649 f, 654–660. See also  
Attachment
Selection. See also  Evolutionary 
perspective and processes
balancing selection, 22–25
comprehensive framework and, 27
evolutionary processes and, 6–7, 
10–17
overview, 5–6
parenting and, 359
person–environment transactions 
and, 272–274, 275 f
situation construal model and, 677
Selection stage of emotion regulation, 
525–526, 525 f, 526 f, 528–529. 
See also  Emotion regulation
Selective optimization with 
compensation (SOC) model, 344
Selective serotonin reuptake 
inhibitors (SSRIs), 201, 797
Self and self-processes. See also  
Identity; Identity negotiation; 
Self-awareness; Self-esteem; Self-
regulation
adaptive functions of, 576–579
animal models of, 570–572
brain and, 572–575
confidence and, 61 t, 545–546
culture and, 693
developmental factors and, 566, 
568–570
evolutionary processes and, 5, 
575–576
naturalist view of, 562–563, 
579–580
overview, 561–562, 563–579, 564 f, 
567t, 580 n–581 n
self-attributed needs and goals and, 
392–396, 393 f
self-authorship, 126–128
self-coherence needs and, 85 f, 87, 
88–89
self-concept, 568–570
self-efficacy, 107
self-evaluation and, 615
self-injury, 513–514
self-reflection, 610
self-reinforcement and, 610
Self-awareness. See also  Self and self-
processes
adaptive functions of, 576–579, 
846–847
animal models of self and, 
570–572
development of, 566, 568
goals and motives and, 839
improving, 847–848
methodological issues and, 840–842multiple selves and, 566, 567 t
overview, 562, 564–565, 837–839, 
848
personality research and, 843–846
theoretical considerations in the 
evaluation of, 842–843
Self-conscious emotions, 504–514, 
517, 571–572, 578–579. See also  
Emotions
Self-determination theory (SDT), 
104, 109–115, 110 f, 114 f, 396, 
619. See also  Achievement 
motive
Self-esteem. See also  Self and self-
processes; Status strivings
adolescence and, 310–312
CAPS approach and, 417–418
evolutionary processes and, 
575–576
life transitions and, 330–331
motivation-based theory of 
personality and, 93–94
narcissism and, 630 t
overview, 85 f, 87, 88
process model of identity 
negotiation and, 598–599
self-conscious emotions and, 506
self-representations and, 565
shame and, 513–514
subjective well-being and, 736–737
Self-knowledge. See  Self-awareness
Self–other knowledge asymmetry 
(SOKA) model, 842–843, 844
Self-perception theory, 669–670, 
843–844
Self-Protective Orientation 
dimension. See  Agreeableness
Self-regulation. See also  Emotion 
regulation; Self and self-
processes
achievement goals and, 116
adaptive functions of, 576–577
adult personality development and, 
344–345
agreeableness and, 375–378, 376 f
behavioral approach system (BAS) 
and, 498
CAPS approach and, 417–418, 
617–618, 620
economics and, 863–864, 864 f, 
883n, 884 n
emotions and, 450
integrative theory of motivation, 
personality, and development 
and, 97
intervention and, 798
learning processes and, 107
narcissism and, 630 t
normative stress in life processes 
and, 549–552
optimism and, 552–554
overview, 60, 61 t, 543–546, 
554–555, 608–620parenting and, 354
stress and, 547–549
traits associated with, 618–620
Self-reports. See also  Assessment/
measurement approaches
behavioral approach system (BAS) 
and, 488–493, 489 t
economics and, 857–859, 858 f
emotion regulation and, 531–532
identity and, 261
implicit motives and, 392–393
middle childhood and, 298
overview, 369, 806
self-knowledge and, 841, 844
subjective well-being and, 727–729
Self-representations, 564–565, 566, 
567t, 576–579
Self-verification theory, 588, 594, 
601
Serotonin system, 26, 197 t, 245–246, 
465
Sex differences, 13–14, 15–16, 
308–309, 491, 777–778
Sexual behavior, 154–157, 155 t, 156 t
Sexual jealousy, 9–10, 15–16, 19. 
See also  Jealousy; Romantic 
relationships
Shame, 453 t, 507–508, 511–512, 
513–514, 578–579
Shared environmental influences. See  
Environmental factors
Situated identity, 596–597. See also  
Identity
Situation construal model, 676–678, 
679f
Situational determinants. See also  
Person–situation interactions
attachment and, 650, 652–654
creativity and, 437–438
ecological sampling methods and, 
807f, 814–817
overview, 669–672
person effects on, 676–678, 679 f
Social clock theory, 346
Social factors. See also  Extraversion; 
Geographical perspective; Social 
skills
attachment and, 652 t
behavioral genetics and, 226–227
comparison and, 630 t
creativity and, 431
ecological sampling methods and, 
807f
emotions and, 451–456, 453 t, 
504–505, 513–517, 578–579. See 
also Emotions
geographical variations and, 
826–827, 828–829, 832
mechanisms of emotional 
experience and, 463–464
overview, 42 t, 61t, 153
psychopathology and, 747, 750
rejection sensitivity and, 413–421