Test/C0Retest
In a sample of 93 students, the authors reported 5-week test /C0retest reliability coefficients of .79 and .76 for
admiration and rivalry, respectively ( Back et al., 2013 ).
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
The subscales show moderate to large positive intercorrelations: Coefficients of .43 and .61 were reported
in the initial article. Each subscale converged with the NPI, although the correlation with admiration (.63)
was larger than that with rivalry (.32). In addition, the subscales exhibited substantial self-other agreement:
The authors reported correlation coefficients of .51 and .27, respectively, for admiration and rivalry ( Back
et al., 2013 ).
Divergent/Discriminant
Although intercorrelated, the subscales exhibit markedly different nomological networks and interpersonal
consequences. Differential patterns were demonstrated with a large variety of external correlates: the Big Five,
self-esteem, pathological narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, self-enhancement, and impulsivity
(Back et al., 2013 ). For example, whereas Admiration was found to be negatively related to neuroticism
(r52 .19) and positively to extraversion ( r5.31) and openness ( r5.25), Rivalry was positively correlated with
neuroticism ( r5.16), and negatively correlated with agreeableness ( r52 .42) and conscientiousness ( r52 .19).
Other correlations were non-significant.
Construct/Factor Analytic
In a sample of 953 internet users, the authors conducted a confirmatory factor analysis hypothesizing two
second-order latent variables. Results supported the 2-factor model ( Back et al., 2013 ).
Criterion/Predictive
In regression analyses, the two subscales differentially predicted reactions to transgressions in friendships and
romantic relationships, interpersonal perceptions during group interactions, and observed behaviors in experi-
mental observations ( Back et al., 2013 ).
Location
Back, M.D., Ku ¨fner, A.C.P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T.M., Rauthmann, J.F., & Denissen, J.J.A. (2013). Narcissistic
admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology ,105, 1013/C01037.
Results and Comments
By separating the two agentic components of narcissism (self-admiration and rivalry), the authors offer a
model of the dynamics of narcissistic self-presentation. Narcissistic individuals make exaggerated claims about
their assets and, if challenged, respond aggressively. That aggression then deters further challenges.
NARCISSISTIC ADMIRATION AND RIVALRY QUESTIONNAIRE
(BRIEF VERSION)
Please indicate how much the following statements
apply to you by choosing a number ranging from
‘15don’t agree at all’ to ‘6 5agree completely’.
1.Ir e a c ta n n o y e di fa n o t h e rp e r s o ns t e a l st h es h o w
from me.
2.I deserve to be seen as a great personality.
3.I want my rivals to fail.
4.Being a very special person gives me a lot of strength.5.I manage to be the center of attention with my
outstanding contributions.
6.Most people are somehow losers.
Notes : The Admiration subscale score is the mean of
scores on items 2, 4, and 5.
The Rivalry subscale score is the mean of scores on
items 1, 3, and 6.
Reproduced with permission.576 20. MEASURES OF DARK PERSONALITIES
V. VICES AND VIRTUES