Test/C0Retest
Over two weeks, mean test /C0retest reliability coefficients were .87, 85, and .77 for narcissism,
Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, respectively ( Jonason & Webster, 2010 ).
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
Much of the DD research has emphasized the similarities among the Dark Triad members. Intercorrelations
ranging from .34 to .76 have been reported ( Jonason, Li, & Czarna, 2013 ).Rauthmann and Kolar (2013) reported
similar correlation coefficients ranging from .21 to .56.
Divergent/Discriminant
Some research has suggested differential correlates. In a study on self-reported manipulation tactics in work
settings, for example, psychopathic individuals reported harsh tactics; narcissists reported soft tactics;
Machiavellians reported use of both ( Jonason, Slomski, & Partyka, 2012 ). With regard to empathy, Jonason and
Krause (2013) found a complex interaction of empathy type, gender, and triad member.
Construct/Factor Analytic
The authors provided a confirmatory factor analysis to verify that the 3-factor pattern did not emerge by
chance ( Jonason & Webster, 2010 ). Later, they followed up with a more complex structural analysis showing that
both 1-factor and 3-factor solutions have utility ( Jonason et al., 2011 ).
Criterion/Predictive
Crysel, Crosier, and Webster (2013) used the DD to predict a variety of risky behaviors: Only narcissism
showed significant correlations with behavioral outcomes, namely, risky blackjack bets (.13) and temporal dis-
counting (.17). All three members favored short-term over long-term mating strategies ( Jonason et al., 2009 ). Mate
preferences, however, showed more complexity. For example, men high in Dark Triad traits were choosy about
long-term relationship partners but had very low standards when it came to short-term relationships ( Jonason
et al., 2012 ). Other studies have found common correlates, for example, with night-time biological rhythms
(Jonason, Jones, & Lyons, 2013 ).
Location
Jonason, P.K., & Webster, G.D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological
Assessment ,22, 420/C0432.
Results and Comments
(See Section B summary below)
DIRTY DOZEN
Please rate your agreement with the items below
using the response anchors ranging from Strongly dis-
agree (1) to Strongly agree (9).
1.I tend to manipulate others to get my way.
2.I have used deceit or lied to get my way.
3.I have used flattery to get my way.
4.I tend to exploit others towards my own end.
5.I tend to lack remorse.
6.I tend to be unconcerned with the morality of
my actions.7.I tend to be callous or insensitive.
8.I tend to be cynical.
9.I tend to want others to admire me.
10.I tend to want others to pay attention to me.
11.I tend to seek prestige or status.
12.I tend to expect special favors from others.
Notes : Subscale scoring: Machiavellianism 5mean of
items 1 /C04; Psychopathy 5mean of items 5 /C08;
Narcissism 5mean of items 9 /C012.
Reproduced with permission.567 DARK TRIAD MEASURES
V. VICES AND VIRTUES