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Jackson (1984) Outgoing–Social 
LeadershipSelf-Protective 
Orientation (R)Work Orientation Dependence (R) Aesthetic–Intellectual
PID-5 (Krueger et al., 2011) Detachment (R) Antagonism (R) Disinhibition (R) Negative Affectivity Psychoticism
MMPI-2 (Tellegen et al., 2003) Histrionic Paranoid (R) Compulsive Borderline Schizotypal
MBTI (Myers & McCauley, 1985) Extraversion (vs. 
Introversion)Feeling (vs. Thinking) Judging (vs. Perceiving) — Intuition (vs. Sensing)
MPQ (Tellegen & Waller, 2008) Positive Emotionality Constraint Negative Emotionality Absorption
Wigginsd (1979) Dominance Nurturance (Conscientiousness) (Neuroticism) (Openness)
Note.  This table has been updated and expanded from the version that appeared in the first edition of this chapter (John, 1990; see also McCrae & John, 1992). (R) indicates that the 
dimension was reverse-scored in the direction opposite  to that of the Big Five label listed earlier. When two labels appear in a cell (joined by “and”), then this researcher has included two 
separable dimensions or scales for the corresponding Big Five domain. For example, Hogan and Hogan’s (2007) HPI includes two scales designed to measure aspects of Extraversion, 
namely, Sociability and Ambition. Several scale labels were also changed with the 2007 edition of the HPI: Likability is now called Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Intellectance is now 
Inquisitiveness (defined as imagination, curiosity, and creative potential). CPI, California Psychological Inventory; EASI (Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity) Tempera -
ment Survey; EPQ, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire; GTS, General Temperament Survey; HPI, Hogan Personality Inventory; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; 
MPQ, Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; PID-5, Personality Inventory for DSM-5.
aThis dimension contrasts a work-directed, emotional-neutral orientation with an erratic, emotionally expressive orientation (Bales, 1970), and thus seems to combine elements of both 
Conscientiousness and Neuroticism.
bEgo resiliency seems to subsume aspects of both Openness and low Neuroticism, because an ego-resilient individual is considered both intellectually resourceful and effective in control -
ling anxiety (Block & Block, 1980). However, Robins, John, and Caspi (1994) found that in adolescents, ego resiliency is related to all of the Big Five dimensions in the well-adjusted 
direction. The Ego-Control construct was related to Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness, with the undercontrolled pole most similar to Extraversion and overcontrolled 
pole most similar to Conscientiousness and Agreeableness.
cHigh scores on the GTS Constraint scale are correlated with both Agreeableness and Conscientious (Clark & Watson, 1999; Markon et al., 2005). Conversely, the EPQ Psychoticism scale 
is associated with low scores on both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (Goldberg & Rosolack, 1994; McCrae & Costa, 1985a).
dWiggins (1979) originally focused on Dominance and Nurturance, which define the interpersonal circumplex. Trapnell and Wiggins (1990) added adjective scales for Conscientiousness, 
Neuroticism, and Openness (see also Wiggins, 1995).