prominence of the Rosenberg scale continues through 2 013. We suspect that for many researchers, the RSE is
the standard measure of global self-esteem. In light of the importance of this scale, we will summarize recent
work on this measure, in addition to covering several other measures that were either not yet developed
(e.g., the single item self-esteem scale; Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001a ;R o b i n s ,T r a c y ,T r z e s n i e w s k i ,
Potter, & Gosling, 2001b ) or not well-covered by the Blascovich and Tomaka (1991) chapter, such as the Harter
scales (e.g., Harter & Pike, 1984 ) and the Self-Description Questionnaires (e.g., Marsh, 1992a,b ;s e ea l s o Boyle,
1994 and Byrne, 1996 ). Readers interested in reviews of measures not reported here should consult Blascovich
and Tomaka (1991) orHeatherton and Wyland (2003) . In total, we review the five measures listed below.
The first three are global self-esteem measures and th e last two are domain-specific inventories that also
include a general or global scale.
TABLE 6.1 Commonly Used Measures of Self-Esteem and Self-Competence
Measure Citation Approximate age Cites (%) Past 10-yr
cites (%)% Last edition
(1991)
Rosenberg Self-Esteem
scaleRosenberg (1989) adolescence and older 18,216(49%) 11,600 (53%) 25%
Self-Perception Profile Harter /C0 8,672 (23%) 5,065 (23%) /C0
Early Child Harter and Pike (1984) 5 to 7 1068 612 /C0
Child Harter (1982/1985) 8 to 12 5939 3336 /C0
Adolescence (SDQ II) Harter (1988) 13 to 18 1312 895 /C0
College Students Neemann and
Harter (1986)college aged 210 133 /C0
Adults Messer and Harter (1986) 20 to 60 143 89 /C0
Self-Esteem Inventory Coopersmith (1967) middle childhood
and older5,448 (15%) 1,970 (9%) 18%
Single-Item Self-Esteem Robins et al. (2001a) middle childhood
and older697 (2%) 672 (3%) /C0
Janis-Field Feelings
of InadequacyEagly (1967) ;Fleming and
Courtney (1984) ;Janis and
Field (1959)adolescence and older 1,320 (4%) 576 (3%) 5%
Self-Description
QuestionnaireMarsh /C0 1,775 (5%) 1,199 (6%)
Young Child Marsh, Craven, and Debus
(1991) ;Marsh and
Holmes (1990)5 to 8 399 289 /C0
Preadolescence (SDQ I) Marsh, Bames, Cairns, &
Tidman (1984) ;Marsh (1988)8 to 12 657 408 /C0
Adolescence (SDQ II) Marsh (1988) ;Marsh, Ellis,
Parada, Richards, and
Heubeck (2005) ;
Marsh (1992b)12 to 18 107 107 1%
Late Adolescence
(SDQ III)Marsh (1992c) ; Marsh and
O’Neill (1984)18 to 24 612 395
Self-Liking Self-
CompetenceTafarodi and Swann
(1995/2001)adolescence and older 596 (2%) 522 (2%) /C0
Texas Social Behavior
InventoryHelmreich and Stapp (1974) adolescence and older 362 (1%) 106 (0%) 3%
Total Citations /C0 37,086 21,710
Note: Citations based on scholar.google.com on 06-22-2013 (past 10-year search restricted to 2003 /C02013).132 6. MEASURES OF SELF-ESTEEM
II. EMOTIONAL DISPOSITIONS