Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety
Inventory (STAI). British Journal of Clinical Psychology ,31, 301/C0306.
Mayfield, W. (2001). The development of an internalized homonegativity inventory for gay men. Journal of Homosexuality ,41,5 3/C076.
Mayfield, W.A., Carrubba, M.D., & Louie, C. (1995, August). Development of an inventory to measure attitudes toward bisexuality. In
M. J. Patton (Chair), Performance-based outcomes of research training in counseling psychology . Symposium conducted at the 103rd Annual
Convention of the American Psychological Association, New York.
McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio, & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, dis-
crimination, and racism (pp. 99 /C0125). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior ,36,3 8/C056.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evi-
dence. Psychological Bulletin ,129, 674/C0697.
Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.),
Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 160 /C0186). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Millham, J., San Miguel, C. L., & Kellogg, R. (1976). A factor-analytic conceptualization of attitudes toward male and female homosexuals.
Journal of Homosexuality ,2,3/C010.
Mohipp, C., & Morry, M. M. (2004). The relationship of symbolic beliefs and prior contact to heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men and les-
bian women. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science ,36,3 6/C044.
Mohr, J. J., & Rochlen, A. B. (1999). Measuring attitudes regarding bisexuality in lesbian, gay male, and heterosexual populations. Journal of
Counseling Psychology ,46, 353.
Morrison, M. A., & Morrison, T. G. (2003). Development and validation of a scale measuring modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian
women. Journal of Homosexuality ,43,1 5/C037.
Morrison, M. A., & Morrison, T. G. (2011). Modern Homonegativity Scale. In T. Fisher, C. M. Davis, W. L. Yaber, & S. L. Davis (Eds.),
Handbook of sexuality-related measures (3rd ed., pp. 392 /C0394). Oxford, England: Taylor & Francis.
Morrison, M. A., Morrison, T. G., & Franklin, R. (2009). Modern and old-fashioned homonegativity among samples of Canadian and
American university students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology ,40, 523/C0542.
Morrison, T. G., & Bearden, A. G. (2007). The Construction and Validation of the Homopositivity Scale. Journal of Homosexuality ,52,6 3/C089.
Morrison, T. G., Kenny, P., & Harrington, A. (2005). Modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women: Assessing the viability of a mea-
sure of modern homonegative attitudes within an Irish context. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs ,131, 219/C0250.
Morrison, T. G., Parriag, A., & Morrison, M. A. (1999). The psychometric properties of the Homonegativity Scale. Journal of Homosexuality ,37,
107/C0122.
Mosher, D. L., & Sirkin, M. (1984). Measuring a macho personality constellation. Journal of Research on Personality ,18, 150/C0163.
Nagoshi, J. L., Adams, K. A., Terrell, H. K., Hill, E. D., Brzuzy, S., & Nagoshi, C. T. (2008). Gender differences in correlates of homophobia
and transphobia. Sex Roles ,59, 521/C0531.
Nierman, A. J., Thompson, S. C., Bryan, A., & Mahaffey, A. L. (2007). Gender role beliefs and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in Chile
and the US. Sex Roles ,57,6 1/C067.
Norris, W. P. (1992). Liberal attitudes and homophobic acts: The paradoxes of homosexual experience in a liberal institution. Journal of
Homosexuality ,24,8 1/C0120.
Nungesser, L. G. (1983). Homosexual acts, actors, and identities . New York: Praeger.
Ochs, R. (1996). Biphobia: It goes more than two ways. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Bisexuality: The psychology and politics of an invisible minority
(pp. 217 /C0239). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
O’Donahue, W., & Caselles, C. E. (1993). Homophobia: Conceptual, definitional, and value issues. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment ,15, 177/C0195.
P a r r o t t ,D .J . ,A d a m s ,H .E . ,&Z e i c h n e r ,A .( 2 0 0 2 ) .H o mophobia: Personality and attitudinal correlates. Personality and Individual Differences ,32,
1269/C01278.
Paulhus, D. L., & Reid, D. B. (1991 ). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ,60,3 0 7/C0317.
Pharr, S. (1988). Homophobia: A weapon of sexism . Little Rock, AR: Chardon Press.
Pokorny, A. D., Miller, B. A., & Kaplan, H. B. (1972). The brief MAST: a shortened version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.
American Journal of Psychiatry ,129, 342/C0345.
Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: a personality variable predicting social and polit i-
cal attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ,67, 741.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement ,1,
385/C0401.
Raja, S., & Stokes, J. P. (1998). Assessing attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: the modern homophobia scale. International Journal of
Sexuality and Gender Studies ,3, 113/C0134.
Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe- Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical
Psychology ,38, 119/C0125.
Ross, M. W., & Rosser, B. R. (1998). Measurement and correlates of internalized homophobia: A factor analytic study. Journal of Clinical
Psychology ,52,1 5/C021.
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology ,39, 472.
Saucier, G. (1994). Mini-markers: A brief version of Goldberg’s unipolar big-five markers. Journal of Personality Assessment ,63, 506/C0516.
Schwartz, J. P., & Lindley, L. D. (2005). Religious Fundamentalism and Attachment: Prediction of Homophobia. The International Journal for the
Psychology of Religion ,15, 145/C0157.
Shidlo, A. (1994). Internalized homophobia: Conceptual and empirical issues in measurement. In B. Greene, & G. M. Herek (Eds.), Lesbian and
gay psychology: Theory, research and clinical application (pp. 176 /C0205). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.750 25. MEASURES OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUAL ORIENTATION: HETEROSEXISM, HOMOPHOBIA, AND INTERNALIZED STIGMA
VI. SOCIOCULTURAL INTERACTION AND CONFLICT