Persistence (0.46), Self-Directiveness with Neuroticism /C0Anxiety (0.49) and Aggression /C0Hostility (0.32), Reward Dependence with
Sociability (0.31) and Aggression /C0Hostility (0.27), and Self-Transcendence with Impulsive Sensation Seeking (0.28). In an unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Dolcet (2006) correlated the factors of a short version of the ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC; Aluja et al., 2006 ) with TCI-R in
a sample from the Spanish population. Reported results were very similar to those of Zuckerman and Cloninger (1996) .
Divergent/Discriminant
Aluja et al. (2010) also found negative and significant correlations between ZKA-PQ factors and NEO-FFI-
R and the Cloninger TCI-R 140. The five ZKA-PQ scales correlated negatively with the NEO-FFI-R
scales, as follows: Aggressiveness /C0Agreeableness ( 20.53), Aggressiveness /C0Contentiousness ( 20.32), Sensation
Seeking /C0Agreeableness ( 20.28), Sensation Seeking /C0Conscientiousness ( 20.36). Negative correlations between
the ZKA-PQ scales and the TCI-R 140 scales were as follows: Aggressiveness /C0Self-Direction ( 20.46),
Aggressiveness /C0Cooperativeness ( 20.49), Neuroticism /C0Self-Direction ( 20.64).
Construct/Factor Analytic
The construct validity of the ZKA-PQ was analyzed by means of exploratory factor analysis based on the inter-
correlations of the ZKQ-PQ and TCI-R facets. A 5-factor solution was obtained, the second factor of which
includes all four of the Sensation Seeking scales from the ZKA-PQ, two of the Aggression facet scales (AG1, phys-
ical aggression, AG2 verbal aggression), and two Novelty Seeking (NS 2 and 4) facets from the TCI-R. It also
includes ZKA-PQ exhibitionism (EX3) and negative loadings from TCI-R self-acceptance (SD4) and fear of uncer-
tainty (HA2) and a positive loading from impulsiveness (NS2). Although this is primarily a sensation seeking
factor it is mixed with other kinds of facets ( Aluja, Blanch, Garcı ´a, Garcı ´a, & Escorial, 2012 ).
The five factors of the original ZKPQ were well replicated, and the factor structure (principal axis plus vari-
max rotation) was shown to be highly congruent in the three samples despite cultural and age differences
between the samples. Factor intercorrelations indicate a relative orthogonality among the five factors, with two
exceptions. Specifically, significant correlations were found between Aggressiveness and Sensation Seeking, and
between Neuroticism and Extraversion (Aluja et al., 2010).
Criterion/Predictive
The mean predictive capacity of the ZKA-PQ dimensions with regard to the 10 PD MCMI-III (Millon Clinical
Multiaxial Inventory) scales was 33%.The use of the facets improved this with 37%; therefore, facets might pro-
vide a very slightly better descriptive capacity than the broader factors. The locally weighted scatterplot smooth-
ing graphical analyses between the ZKA-PQ dimensions and the MCM-III PD scales showed that the personality
dimensions predicted the three clusters from the II DSM-IV axis in a way very similar to that reported in the pre-
vious study with the ZKPQ by Aluja, Rossier, and Zuckerman (2007b) . In both studies, this procedure is useful in
ascertaining the relationships between the personality dimensions and the severity of the scores in the three PD
clusters ( Aluja et al., 2012 ).
Location
Aluja, A., Kuhlman, M., & Zuckerman, M. (2010). Development of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality
Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ): A factor/facet version of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ).
Journal of Personality Assessment, 92 ,1/C017.
Results and Comments
The ZKA-PQ is a new questionnaire based in the Zuckerman’s five factor model. The five ZKA-PQ factors
are similar to those from the ZKPQ, but are not totally equivalent because the new factors have been
built from the facets. The results showed correlations between the ZKA-PQ and the NEO-PI-R/TCI-R
(shortened versions) which were similar and in the predicted direction to those obtained using the original
ZKPQ. However, there was a low correlation between AC and SD (0.16). Additionally, we obtained correlations
between AG and NS (0.32), EX and N ( 20.29), SD (0.32) and Co (0.39), and NE and E ( 20.27). These correlations
were also in the same direction of the previous findings, even though they were significant in the present study
(Garcı ´a et al., 2012).370 13. MEASURES OF SENSATION SEEKING
III. EMOTION REGULATION