Part I    Introduction18
fei75766_ch01_001-018.indd 18  02/06/20 10:41 AM•Each personality theorist hashadeither animplicit orexplicit concept of 
humanity.
•Concepts ofhuman nature canbediscussed from sixperspectives: 
(1)determinism versus free choice, (2)pessimism versus optimism, 
(3)causality versus teleology, (4)conscious versus unconscious 
determinants, (5)biological versus social factors, and(6)uniqueness 
versus  similarities inpeople.
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