Reliability
Internal Consistency
Cronbach alpha coefficients for the ImpSS 69-item version were 0.78 and 0.81 for males and females respec-
tively ( Aluja et al., 2003 ).
Test/C0Retest
Test/C0retest reliability coefficients have not been reported to-date.
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
The original ZKPQ 89-items and 69-item versions were correlated with the EPQ-R, the SSS Form V and the
NEO-PI-R, for both the original 89-item and the 69-item versions, with very similar values for both. EPQ N corre-
lated highly with N-Anx (0.81) and somewhat lower with Agg-Hos (0.36). EPQ E was related to Sy (0.69 and
0.66). The EPQ-P scale was related to ImpSS (0.56 and 0.53) and to Agg-Hos (0.29 and 0.25). Thus, the SSS scales
were essentially related to ImpSS and to a lesser extent, to Agg-Hos, Sy, and Act. The NEO-O scale was only
related to ImpSS (0.32 and 0.33). NEO-O was only related to ImpSS (0.32 and 0.33). NEO-C was more highly
related (negatively) to ImpSS ( 20.50 and 20.45) and positively to Act (0.26 and 0.24) ( Aluja et al., 2003 ).
Divergent/Discriminant
The NEO-A measure was negatively correlated with Agg-Hos ( 20.55 and 20.51) and to ImpSS ( 20.25 and
20.25)/C0(Aluja et al., 2003 ).
Construct/Factor Analytic
In the Aluja et al. (2003) study we have used AMOS 4.0 CFA techniques to compare the fit of the items to their
respective EFA principal components generated factors. Fit indices of five ZKPQ models with both orthogonal
and oblique rotations, were compared to its original 89-item version. The simple structure of the 69-item model
obtained low indices although higher than those reported elsewhere with several personality structural models
derived through EFA ( Borkenau & Ostendorf, 1990; Church & Burke, 1994; Vassend & Skrondal, 1995 ). In the
69-item EFA structure, the secondary loadings were low, but nevertheless, the fit improved when correlated error
terms were added as well. When the five-factor 69-item version of the ZKPQ factors was analysed independently
through CFA, fit indices were adequate except for the Agg-Hos scale.
Criterion/Predictive
In the Aluja, Garcı ´a, Blanch, De Lorenzo, and Fibla (2009) study, the association between different impulsive /C0
disinhibited personality traits, such as Psychoticism, Sensitivity to Reward, Sensation-Seeking (ZKPQ-69),
Aggressiveness, and 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR genetic polymorphisms were evaluated in an imprisoned male
sample. Higher scores of the impulsive /C0disinhibited personality traits tended to be associated with both, carrying
one or two copies of the 5-HTTPLR S allele (S/S homozygous and S/L heterozygous) and carrying two copies of the
5-HTTVNTR 12 allele (12/12 homozygous). Genotype, allele, haplotype and extended genotype distribution between
low and high impulsive-disinhibited groups confirmed this association. Allele S and genotypes S/S 1S/L at the
5-HTTLPR locus and allele 12 and genotype 12/12 at the 5-HTTVNTR locus were overrepresented in the high scoring
group. The inmates carrying Androgen Receptor (AR) CAG repeats length short and GGN long haplotype group
(short/C0long haplotype) obtained higher scores on all personality scales. Differences were found for the Impulsive
Sensation-Seeking scale (age-adjusted multivariate analysis, p,0.016) and z index ( p,0.036), when comparing
extreme groups in the impulsive /C0disinhibited personality ( Aluja, Garcı ´a, Blanch, & Fibla, 2011 ).
Location
Aluja, A., Garcı ´a, O´., & Garcı ´a, L.F. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Zuckerman /C0Kuhlman personality
questionnaire (ZKPQ-III-R): a study of a shortened form. Personality and Individual Differences, 34 ,1 0 8 3/C01097.
Results and Comments
The ZKPQ 69-item version is a refined shortened version t hat includes the best ZKPQ items after sophisticated item
analysis using EFA and CFA procedures. The five-factor struc ture is very robust. Convergent and discriminant validity
is similar to that obtained by correlational analysis with the EPQ-RS, the SSS-V and the NEO-PI-R, corroborating the365 OVERVIEW OF THE MEASURES
III. EMOTION REGULATION