938 Subject Index
Orderliness, 197 t. See also  
Conscientiousness
Organization, 42 t, 60, 61 t, 651 t. See 
also Conscientiousness
Originality, 42 t, 427. See also  
Creativity; Openness
Outgoing–Social Leadership 
dimension. See  Extraversion
Overcontrol dimension, 308, 
354–355. See also  Agreeableness; 
Conscientiousness
P
Paranoid dimension. See  
Agreeableness
Paranoid personality disorder, 756
Parent–child interactions, 451
Parent–child relationship, 642
Parenting factors. See also  Family 
factors
behavioral genetics and, 218–219, 
226–227
child personality and parenting 
and, 356–358, 357 f
measures of, 352–361, 356 t, 357 f
motivation and, 16–17
narcissism and, 633–634
overview, 352, 361
personality stability and change 
and, 326–327
warmth and, 354, 355
Pathemia (vs. Cortertia) dimension. 
See Agreeableness
Pathoplasty model, 311–312, 
745–746
Peer relationships, 287, 340. See also  
Relationships
Perception
CAPS approach and, 415, 416–417
ecological sampling methods and, 
807f, 816–817
identity negotiation and, 588
narcissism and, 636–637
person–situation interactions and, 
669–670
self-knowledge and, 844
situation construal model and,  
677
Performance-approach goals, 107, 
294–295. See also  Goals
Perinatal models, 775, 778
Persistence, 61 t, 612–613, 863–864, 
864f
Personal rejection sensitivity. See  
Rejection sensitivity (RS)
Personality, 91, 92–96, 98, 
160–162, 242–243. See also  
Integrative theory of motivation, 
personality, and development
Personality and social relationship 
(PERSOC) framework, 345Personality change
adolescence and, 308–309
adulthood and, 339–346
CAPS approach and, 412
emotion regulation and, 532–534
gene–environment interactions (G 
× E) and, 232
identity negotiation and, 599–602
intervention and, 793–794, 
800–801
life transitions and, 323–324, 
329–333
middle childhood and, 286, 
292–293
neo-socioanalytic perspective 
of personality and, 262–267, 
276–277
parenting and, 352–361, 356 t, 357 f
person–environment transactions 
and, 272–276, 275 f
as a predictor, 343–344
temporal stability of personality 
and, 160–162
young adulthood and, 323–324, 
329–333
Personality development. See  Change 
in personality; Developmental 
processes
Personality pathology and disorders. 
See also  Mental health; 
Psychopathology
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 65
ICD-11 and DSM-5 categorizations 
of, 766–767
integrative theory of motivation, 
personality, and development 
and, 97
overview, 755–760, 767
personality research and, 760–765, 
761t
temperament and, 162–168, 165 t
Personality psychology field, 3–4, 
35–40, 36 t–37t, 39f, 70
Personality skills, 873, 875–880, 
876f, 877 f, 884 n
Personality states, 40–41, 315, 
810–811
Personality traits. See also  Big Five 
personality traits and model; 
Traits
adulthood and, 339–346
attachment and, 650–661, 
651t–652 t
creativity and, 430–431
culture and, 692–693
dimensions of life stories and, 130
dispositional personality traits, 
433–434, 450, 668–669, 670
ecological sampling methods and, 
810–811
emotion regulation and, 526–536, 
526fhealth and, 778–785
identity negotiation and, 588
intervention and, 793–800
middle childhood and, 284–285, 
285f
molecular genetics and, 251–252
neo-socioanalytic perspective and, 
261–267
overview, 40
parenting and, 352–361, 356 t, 357 f
personality disorders and, 
760–765, 761 t, 766–767
person–situation interactions and, 
676
psychopathology and, 743–748, 
744f, 749–750
religion and spirituality and, 
709–714
self processes and, 609–610, 
611–620, 843–846
subjective well-being and, 736–738
Personality triad, 680–681
Person–environment interactions
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 64–67
emotions and, 448
geographical variations and, 
832–833
neo-socioanalytic perspective and, 
272–276, 275 f
parenting and, 358–359
social functionalism and emotions 
and, 468–472, 470 f, 472 f
Person–situation interactions, 667–
681, 679 f. See also  Situational 
determinants
Pessimism, 546, 552–553
Physical illness. See  Health
Physiological factors. See also  
Biological factors
animal personality and, 180–181
culture and, 694
emotions and, 513–514, 536
neo-socioanalytic perspective and, 
260f
self-regulation and, 554
Picture Story Exercise (PSE), 
390–391
Plasticity, 195, 267 t, 271, 614
Politeness, 197 t, 205, 206
Political factors, 830
Positive affect (PA), 450, 630 t. See 
also Affect; Positive emotionality
Positive emotionality. See also  
Agreeableness; Emotions; 
Extraversion
achievement goals and, 107
childhood and, 285 f
dimensions of life stories and, 130
emotional differentiation and, 
466–468
genetic and environmental 
contributions to, 157–160