Results and Comments
These findings suggest that the attachment anxiety dimension is similar to Bartholomew and Horowitz’s
model-of-self dimension, and that the avoidance dimension is similar to their model-of-others dimension.
The ECR has been used in hundreds of studies of hypotheses based on attachment theory, and has demonstrated
construct validity. The ECR measure has been reduced in length by some investigators (e.g., Wei, Russell,
Mallinckrodt, & Vogel, 2007 ) and translated into many different languages (e.g., Spanish: Alonso-Arbiol,
Balluerka, and Shaver, 2007; Frı ´as et al., 2014 ; Hebrew: Mikulincer & Florian, 2000 ), providing substantial cross-
cultural support for its psychometric properties.
EXPERIENCES IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
The following statements concern how you generally
feel in close relationships (e.g., with romantic partners, close
friends, or family members). Respond to each statement by
i n d i c a t i n gh o wm u c hy o ua g r e eo rd i s a g r e ew i t hi t .
1.I prefer not to show others how I feel deep down.
2.I worry about being rejected or abandoned.
3.I am very comfortable being close to other people.
4.I worry a lot about my relationships.
5.Just when someone starts to get close to me I find
myself pulling away.
6.I worry that others won’t care about me as much as
I care about them.
7.I get uncomfortable when someone wants to be very
close to me.
8.I worry a fair amount about losing my close
relationship partners.
9.I don’t feel comfortable opening up to others.
10.I often wish that close relationship partners’ feelings
for me were as strong as my feelings for them.
11.I want to get close to others, but I keep pulling back.
12.I want to get very close to others, and this
sometimes scares them away.
13.I am nervous when another person gets too close
to me.
14.I worry about being alone.
15.I feel comfortable sharing my private thoughts and
feelings with others.
16.My desire to be very close sometimes scares people
away.
17.I try to avoid getting too close to others.
18.I need a lot of reassurance that close relationship
partners really care about me.
19.I find it relatively easy to get close to others.
20.Sometimes I feel that I try to force others to show
more feeling, more commitment to our relationship
than they otherwise would.
21.I find it difficult to allow myself to depend on close
relationship partners.22.I do not often worry about being abandoned.
23.I prefer not to be too close to others.
24.If I can’t get a relationship partner to show interest
in me, I get upset or angry.
25.I tell my close relationship partners just about
everything.
26.I find that my partners don’t want to get as close as
I would like.
27.I usually discuss my problems and concerns with
close others.
28.When I don’t have close others around, I feel
somewhat anxious and insecure.
29.I feel comfortable depending on others.
30.I get frustrated when my close relationship partners
are not around as much as I would like.
31.I don’t mind asking close others for comfort, advice,
or help.
32.I get frustrated if relationship partners are not
available when I need them.
33.It helps to turn to close others in times of need.
34.When other people disapprove of me, I feel really
bad about myself.
35.I turn to close relationship partners for many things,
including comfort and reassurance.
36.I resent it when my relationship partners spend time
away from me.
Notes :
Items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging
from 1 5Strongly disagree to 7 5Strongly agree.
Items 3, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35 must be
reverse-keyed prior to computing the subscale scores.
The avoidance score is computed by averaging the 18
odd-numbered (1, 3, 5, etc.) items, with higher scores
reflecting greater avoidance.
The anxiety score is computed by averaging the 18
even-numbered items (2, 4, 6, etc.), with higher scores
reflecting greater anxiety.
Reproduced with permission.430 15. MEASURES OF ADULT ATTACHMENT AND RELATED CONSTRUCTS
IV. INTERPERSONAL STYLES