 Subject Index  931
personality stability and change 
and, 341–342
selection and, 5
Causality orientation, 619
Childhood. See also  Developmental 
processes; Early experiences
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 52, 67–68
child personality and parenting 
and, 356–358, 357 f
creativity and, 432–433
health and, 777–785
history of the concept of 
temperament, 146
intervention and, 794–795
neo-socioanalytic perspective 
of personality and, 263–264, 
276–277
self-regulation and, 609, 612–613
Choice, 853, 860–861, 864–866
Classification systems, 40–41, 
747–748. See also  Big Five 
personality traits and model; 
Taxonomy systems
Clinical interventions. See  
Intervention
Coaching, 799–800. See also  
Intervention
Cognitive and affective units (CAUs), 
412–413, 414, 415–417, 422
Cognitive approaches
agreeableness and, 375–378, 376 f
cognitive dissonance theory, 
669–670
extraversion as reward reactivity 
and, 370–371
implicit components of personality 
and, 378–380
neuroticism and, 371–375, 375 f
overview, 369–370, 380
Cognitive skills. See also  Abilities; 
Intellect
attachment and, 651 t
cognitive reappraisals, 465
creativity and, 431, 433–434
economics and, 855–863, 856 f, 
857f, 858 f, 882 n–884 n
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 259, 263
predictive power of noncognitive 
skills and, 863–873, 864 f, 865 f, 
868t, 869 f, 870 f, 871 f, 872 f, 
873f, 874 f
task performance and, 856, 856 f
Cognitive–affective processing 
system (CAPS) model
attachment and, 654
motivation-based theory of 
personality and, 92–96
overview, 91–92, 411–413, 422
rejection sensitivity, 413–421
self-knowledge and, 839
self-regulation and, 617–618, 620Cognitive-behavioral markers, 570–571
Coherence, 126, 129 t, 593
Collective self, 566, 567 t. See also  
Self and self-processes
Communication, 589–590, 595–596
Compassion. See also  Agreeableness
emotions and, 450
names or labels assigned to factors 
and, 61 t
neurobiology of personality and, 
197t, 205
overview, 42 t, 515
social functionalism and emotions 
and, 453 t
Competence, 84, 85 f, 86–87, 
106–107, 106 f, 108, 285 f
Compulsive dimension. See  
Conscientiousness
Conditioning mechanisms, 379, 400
Confidence, 61 t, 545–546
Conflict, 373, 416–417, 549, 630 t, 
635–636
Conscientiousness. See also  Big Five 
personality traits and model
adolescence and, 303, 304–309, 
307t
adulthood and, 322–323, 344–346
animal personality and, 183, 185
Big Five personality measures and, 
55–57, 56 f
childhood and, 290 t, 291
economics and, 863–873, 864 f, 
865f, 868 t, 869 f, 870 f, 871 f, 
872f, 873 f, 874 f
emotions and, 450, 468–472, 470 f, 
472f
health and, 778–780
intervention and, 797
molecular genetics and, 248 t–249 t
motivation-based theory of 
personality and, 95
names or labels assigned to factors 
and, 59–62, 61 f
narcissism and, 630 t
needs and, 93
neo-socioanalytic perspective and, 
263–265
neurobiology of personality and, 
197t, 204–205
overview, 36 t–37t, 42t, 48t, 50t, 
71–72
parenting and, 354–356, 356 t
personality disorders and, 760, 
761t, 762
psychopathology and, 744–745, 
747, 749–750
religion and spirituality and, 
710–711
self-regulation and, 613–617
subjective well-being and, 736–737
Consistency, 576–577, 650, 
652–654, 733–736, 737. See also  
Stability of personalityConstraint, 149, 156–157, 156 t
Constraint dimension. See  
Conscientiousness
Contamination, 129 t, 130, 134
Contempt, 453 t, 455–456
Continuity of traits. See  Enduring 
traits; Stability of personality
Control needs, 85 f, 87, 88, 93–94, 
619. See also  Needs
Convergent validity, 53–59, 54 t, 56f, 
58f, 490–491
Coping
animal personality and, 181
childhood and, 285 f, 296–297, 298
emotion regulation and, 524
normative stress in life processes 
and, 549–552
optimism and, 552–554
overview, 543, 548–549, 555
self-regulation and, 554
stress and, 547
Corresponsive principle of 
personality development, 267 t, 
269–270
Creativity. See also  Genius; Openness
animal personality and, 183
Big-C creativity, 427, 432
imagination and, 61 t, 290 t, 
304–309, 307 t
issues regarding a personality 
profile and, 431–438
overview, 61 t, 426–427, 438, 439 n
parenting and, 356 t
personality profile and, 430–431
research directions and, 438
Criminality, 154–157, 156 t, 864, 
882n
Criterion problem, 840–842
Critical period models, 776–777
Cultural psychology view, 688–689, 
688f
Culture. See also  Geographical 
perspective; Language
Big Five personality traits model 
and, 43–46
creativity and, 437–438
cultural script, 126
emotion regulation and, 534–535
geographical variations and, 
825–832
health and, 784
life-story model of identity and, 125
narrative identity and, 133–135
neo-socioanalytic perspective of 
personality and, 260 f
new developments in, 689–697
overview, 686–687, 697, 
697n–698 n, 824–825
religion and spirituality and, 
712–714
research directions and, 697
self-conscious emotions and, 506, 
509–510