4. When 1 have a problem, I can come up with lots of ways to solve it.
○○ ○○○○
None of
the timeA little of
the timeSome of
the timeA lot of
the timeMost of
the timeAll of
the time
5. I think the things I have done in the past will help me in the future.
○○ ○○○○
None of
the timeA little of
the timeSome of
the timeA lot of
the timeMost of
the timeAll of
the time
6. Even when others want to quit, I know that I can find ways to solve the problem.
○○ ○○○○
None of
the timeA little of
the timeSome of
the timeA lot of
the timeMost of
the timeAll of
the time
Notes : When administered to children, this scale is not labeled ‘The Children’s Hope Scale,’ but is called
‘Questions About Your Goals.’
The total Children’s Hope Scale score is achieved by adding the responses to the six items, with ‘None of the
time’51; ‘A little of the time’ 52; ‘Some of the time’ 53; ‘A lot of the time’ 54; ‘Most of the time’ 55; and, ‘All of
the time’ 56. The three odd-numbered items tap agency, and the three even-numbered items tap pathways.
Copyright r1997 Oxford University Press. No portion of the Children’s Hope Scale may be reproduced by any
means without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Reproduced with permission.
Herth Hope Scale (HHS): Herth Hope Index (HHI)
(Herth, 1991, 1992 ).
Variable
The HHS and HHI were based on the Dufault and Martocchio (1985) definition of hope as ‘a dynamic life
force characterized by a confident yet uncertain expectation of achieving good, which, to the hoping person, is
realistically possible and personality significant’ (p. 380).
Description
The original HHS consisted of 30 statements to which respondents indicate their degree of agreement. Ten
items contain statements of temporality and future, ten items contain statements of positive readiness and expec-
tancy, and ten items contain statements of interconnectedness. Item response format is on a four-point scale from
0 never applies to 3 applies and total hope scores can range from 0 to 90 ( Herth, 1991 ). The HHI is an abbreviated
form (12-item) of the HHS used in clinical settings. Item response format is on a four point scale from 1 strongly
disagree to 4 strongly agree and total scores can range from 12 to 48 ( Herth, 1992 ).
The HHS has also been translated into a Spanish-language version ( Arnau, Martinez, Guzman, Herth, &
Konishi 2010 ).
Sample
The original HHS was validated with a sample of well adults ( N5185), a sample of elderly in the community
(N540), and a sample of bereaved elderly ( N5300). Hope scores for the well adults was relatively high ( M580,
range 60-90), slightly lower among elderly in the community ( M572,SD56.31), and lowest among bereaved
elderly ( M554,SD55.60) ( Herth, 1991 ). The HHI was validated with a sample of varyingly ill patients
(N5172). Average scores fell slightly above the scale midpoint ( M532.39, SD59.61) ( Herth, 1992 ). The Spanish
HHS was validated with a sample of 315 Latino students ( Arnau et al., 2010 ).53 OVERVIEW OF THE MEASURES
II. EMOTIONAL DISPOSITIONS