460 v. AFFECTI vE PROCESSES
ies, Kreibig (2010) notes distinctions among 
emotions including affection, amusement, 
contentment, embarrassment, anticipatory 
pleasure or enthusiasm, and relief, as well 
as anger, disgust, fear, and sadness. Shiota, 
Neufeld, Yeung, Moser, and Perea (2011) 
used photographs to elicit five positive emo -
tions in participants, documenting distinct 
profiles of autonomic activity. For example, 
enthusiasm, elicited by slides in which the 
participant won a growing amount of un -
expected money, involved a full-blown sym -
pathetic nervous system response, includ -ing increased cardiac activity, sweat gland 
activity, and blood pressure. When viewing 
images of childhood attachment-  figure-  like 
cartoon characters (e.g., Big Bird) and im -
ages of baby animals, participants showed 
elevated cardiac activity without heightened 
sweat gland activity or vasoconstriction. 
When viewing panoramic nature images 
evoking awe, participants showed evidence 
of reduced  “fight–  flight” sympathetic influ -
ence on the heart, a sign of the stillness and 
quiet attention associated with this emotion 
(see also Gordon et al., 2017).TABLE 21.3.  (continued)
Emotion Example photo Action units Physical description
Fear
 1+2+4+5+20+25 Eyebrows raised and pulled together, 
upper eyelid raised, lips parted and 
stretched
Happiness/Joy
 6+7+12+16+25+26 Duchenne smile display
Love
 6+7+12+25+26+55 Duchenne smile, lips parted, jaw 
dropped, head tilt, (self-)hug
Pride
 6+12+53 Cheeks raised, lip corners raised, 
head raised, chest puffed, postural 
expansion
Sadness
 1+4+15+17 Brows pulled together and raised in 
the middle, lip corners depressed, 
chin raised