fei75766_ch04_107-148.indd 108  02/19/20 09:00 AM
Part II    Psychodynamic Theories108
Themiddle-aged doctor satathisdeskindeep contemplation andconcern. A
6-year relationship withanolder friend andmentor hadrecently ended onbitter 
terms, andthedoctor feltfrustrated anduncertain ofhisfuture. Henolonger had
confidence inhismanner oftreating patients andhadbegun tosimply allow them to
talk,notoffering anyspecific advice ortreatment.
Forsome months thedoctor hadbeen having bizarre, inexplicable dreams and
seeing strange, mysterious visions. None ofthisseemed tomake sense tohim.Hefelt
lostanddisoriented—unsure whether ornotthework hehadbeen trained todowas
indeed science.
Amoderately gifted artist, hehadbegun toillustrate hisdreams andvisions 
withlittleornocomprehension ofwhat thefinished product might mean. Hehad
alsobeen writing down hisfantasies without really trying tounderstand them.
Onthisparticular day,hebegan toponder: “What amIreally doing?” He
doubted ifhiswork wasscience butwasuncertain about what itwas.Suddenly, to
hisastonishment, heheard aclear, distinct feminine voice from within himsay,“It
isart.”Herecognized thevoice asthatofagifted female patient whohadstrong, 
positive feelings forhim.Heprotested tothevoice thathiswork wasnotart,butno
answer wasimmediately forthcoming. Then, returning tohiswriting, heagain heard 
thevoice say,“That isart.”When hetriedtoargue withthevoice, noanswer came. 
Hereasoned thatthe“woman from within” hadnospeech center sohesuggested that
sheusehis.Thisshedid,andalengthy conversation followed.
Themiddle-aged doctor whotalked tothe“woman from within” wasCarlGustav 
Jung, andthetimewasthewinter of1913–1914. Junghadbeenanearly admirer and
friend ofSigmund Freud, butwhen theoretical differences arose, theirpersonal rela-
tionship broke up,leaving Jungwithbitter feelings andadeepsense ofloss.
Theabove story isbutoneofmany strange andbizarre occurrences experi -
enced byJungduring hismidlife “confrontation withtheunconscious.” Aninterest -
ingaccount ofhisunusual journey intotherecesses ofhispsyche isfound inJung’s 
autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections (Jung, 1961).
Overview of Analytical Psychology
Anearly colleague ofFreud, CarlGustav Jungbroke from orthodox psychoanalysis 
toestablish aseparate theory ofpersonality called analytical psychology, which rests
ontheassumption thatoccult phenomena cananddoinfluence thelivesofevery -
one.Jungbelieved thateachofusismotivated notonlybyrepressed experiences but
alsobycertain emotionally toned experiences inherited from ourancestors. These 
inherited images make upwhat Jungcalled thecollective unconscious. Thecollective 
unconscious includes those elements thatwehavenever experienced individually but
which havecome down tousfrom ourancestors.
Some elements ofthecollective unconscious become highly developed and
arecalled archetypes. Themost inclusive archetype isthenotion ofself-realization, 
which canbeachieved onlybyattaining abalance between various opposing forces 
ofpersonality. Thus, Jung’s theory isacompendium ofopposites. People areboth
introverted andextraverted; rational andirrational; male andfemale; conscious and
unconscious; andpushed bypastevents while being pulled byfuture expectations.Final PDF to printer