Trait models of personality ( cont.)
focus on, 20habits and, 27–28history of, 24human nature, perspectives on, 22–24operationalization of, 37–38origins of traits and, 28–29physiological basis of traits and, 29predictions of behavior and, 26–27principles of, 25–26scope and variety of traits, 29–32stability and, 21unified system, quest for, 32–33See also Five-Factor Model (FFM)
Trait psychology
adulthood, definition of, 11basis of, 23controversy and progress within, 20–21correlation coefficient and, 106meaningfulness of, 57other schools compared to, 23–24revival of, 3, 21, 234
Traits
biological influences on, 195–196definition of, 25, 27–28, 204–205development of, 197–199environment and, 196–197genetics of, 193–195metatraits compared to, 148–149
motives compared to, 143–144origins of, 193–197See also Basic Tendencies (FFT); Trait
measures; Trait models of personality;Trait psychology
Trait theory , 185T ransformations (Gould), 16, 175, 176
U
Unconscious level of mind, 156, 166–167
Unreliability , correcting for, 123–124
V
Vaillant, George, 15–16, 217, 219Validity scales, 44–45Values, 210–211Variance, accounting for, 122–123
W
Washington University Sentence
Completion Test, 148
Whitbourne, S., 215Widiger, T. A., 25, 32, 56Wiggins, J. S., 31, 32, 52, 56268 Index