reported significant correlations of Uncertainty Avoidance (Values) with VSM’s Uncertainty Avoidance (prac-
tices: r52.62; values: r5.35).
Construct/Factor Analytic
House et al. (1999) performed a separate exploratory factor analysis on each of the culture scales. They
reported that, ‘A first-order exploratory factor analysis of the leader attributes items yielded 16 unidimensional
factors that describe specific leader attributes and behaviors.’
Next, a multitrait /C0multimethod matrix ( Campbell & Fiske, 1959 ) was constructed to evaluate the construct
validity of the GCV ( Gupta, Sully de Luque, & House, 2004 ). The 16 dimensions (traits) were measured with
questionnaire-based and content-coding methods. For both the societal practices and values measures, the con-
vergent coefficients in the validity diagonal (correlations between the same trait measured by different methods)
were high and statistically significant (range 5.51 to .65 for societal practices; range 5.34 to .88 for societal
values). In addition, the convergent coefficients in the validity diagonals were higher than the correlations
between different traits measured by different methods, and those between different traits measured by the same
method. These results attest to the construct validity of the measures.
Location
GLOBE Form Beta: Hanges, P.J., (2006). GLOBE Phase 2 Beta Questionnaire . Retrieved May 25, 2014, from www.
bsos.umd.edu/psyc/hanges/welcome.html
Results and Comments
Extensive evidence is available for the reliability and validity of the GLOBE cultural scales. Results suggest
that the GLOBE dimensions are structurally equivalent across societies and the factor structure of the GLOBE
dimensions is stable. Aggregation and inter-rater reliability results suggest that item scores can be aggregated toTABLE 22.2 Cronbach alpha coefficients for the GLOBE subscales
Cronbach alpha coefficient ICC(1) ICC(2)
Assertiveness (Practices) .75 .31 .79
Assertiveness (Values) .53 .29 .95
Future Orientation (Practices) .80 .17 .92
Future Orientation (Values) .76 .20 .92
Gender Egalitarianism (Practices) .66 .36 .90
Gender Egalitarianism (Values) .88 .28 .95
Humane Orientation (Practices) .88 .21 .91
Humane Orientation (Values) .70 .10 .84
Ingroup Collectivism (Practices) .77 .29 .98
Ingroup Collectivism (Values) .66 .13 .87
Institutional Collectivism (Practices) .67 .23 .93
Institutional Collectivism (Values) .77 .30 .95
Performance Orientation (Practices) .72 .27 .87
Performance Orientation (Values) .90 .15 .89
Power Distance (Practices) .80 .19 .91
Power Distance (Values) .74 .14 .88
Uncertainty Avoidance (Practices) .88 .36 .96
Uncertainty Avoidance (Values) .85 .38 .96
Notes : ICC refers to intraclass correlation. In the present context, ICC measures the extent to which citizens in a country are
consistent in their responses to the scale. ICC(1) is sensitive to differences in means between citizens and is a measure of
absolute agreement. ICC(2) removes mean differences between judges. Data for societies with at least 45 respondents were
included in the computation of ICC(1) and ICC(2) scores.635 OVERVIEW OF THE MEASURES
VI. SOCIOCULTURAL INTERACTION AND CONFLICT