NEO-FFI Aluja,
Garcı ´a, et al.
(2005)Costa &
McCrae
(1992)No Self 60 (5 domains) 5-point Likert
(agreement)2 None Individual Students
(Spain); adults
(Switzer-land)Translated
from English
into Spanish
(Aluja,
Garcı ´a&
Garcı ´a 2002 )
and French
(Rolland
et al., 1998 ),
back-
translation
in the
French
versionSpain/
Switzerland:
.82/.85 (N), .78/
.74 (E), .71/.71
(O), .71/.71 (A),
.83/.83 (C).92 (N), .95 (E), .95
(O), .91 (A), .93 (C)
Hˇrebı´ˇckova ´
et al. (2002)Costa &
McCrae
(1992)No Self 60 (5 domains) 5-point Likert
(agreement)5 German,
USIndividual Adults (Czech
Republic,
Germany);
adolescents &
adults
(Poland,
Slovakia, US)Translated
from
English,
back-
translationCzech/
Polish/
Slovak/
German/
US1/US2b: .81/
.82/.79/
.85/.86/.84 (N),
.79/.80/.78/
.80/.77/.79 (E),
.60/.69/.66/
.71/.73/.68 (O),
.70/.73/.69/
.71/.68/.75 (A),
.84/.84/.83/
.85/.81/.86 (C)Across pairwise
comparisons
between Czech,
Polish,
Slovak,
German, and US2b:
.91/C0.96, M5.94 (N),
.91/C0.94, M5.93, (E),
.83/C0.91, M5.88 (O),
.75/C0.93, M5.86 (A),
.93/C0.96, M5.94 (C)
Rolland et al.
(1998)Costa &
McCrae
(1992)No Self 60 (5 domains) 5-point Likert
(agreement)3G e r m a n
(Borkenau
&
Ostendorf,
1991),
Canadian
(Holden &
Fekken,
1994)Individual Students and
military
recruits
(France);
adults (Germ-
any); female
students
(Canada)Translated
from
English,
back-
translationFrench
students/
military/
German/
Canadian
sample: .84/.79/
.85/
.87 (N), .77/.66/
.79/
.84 (E), .62/.50/
.75/
.73 (O), .66/.57/
.72/
.75 (A), .84/.84/
.86/
.81 (C)French students/
military to
German//
Canadian sample:
.95/.86//.94/
.83 (N), .94/
.85//.92/
.83 (E), .86/.79//.88/
.79 (O), .92/
.82//.90/
.78 (A), .94/
.86//.95/
.88 (C)
NEO-PI-R Church et al.
(2011)Costa &
McCrae
(1992)No Self 240 (5 domains,
30 facets)5-point Likert
(agreement)3 None Individual Students Translated
from
English,
back-
translation;
10 items
modified, 12
reversed in
Filipino
version;
minorAcross 30 facet
scales: .55 /C0.82,
Mdn5.70 (US),
.44/C0.77,
Mdn5.64
(Philippines),
.24/C0.75,
Mdn5.62
(Mexico)40/C050% of
items had DIF
across the
three cultural
comparisons
(Continued )