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Part II    Psychodynamic Theories110
19thyears, Jung’s No.1personality emerged asmore dominant. Ashisconscious, 
everyday personality prevailed, hecould concentrate onschool andcareer. InJung’s 
owntheory ofattitudes, hisNo.1personality wasextraverted andintunewiththe
objective world, whereas hisNo.2personality wasintroverted anddirected inward 
toward hissubjective world. Thus, during hisearly school years, Jungwasmostly 
introverted, butwhen thetimecame toprepare foraprofession andmeet other objec -
tiveresponsibilities, hebecame more extraverted, anattitude thatprevailed untilhe
experienced amidlife crisis andentered aperiod ofextreme introversion.
Jung’s firstchoice ofaprofession wasarcheology, buthewasalsointerested 
inphilology, history, philosophy, andthenatural sciences. Despite asomewhat aris-
tocratic background, Junghadlimited financial resources (Noll, 1994). Forced by
lackofmoney toattend aschool nearhome, heenrolled inBasel University, aschool 
without anarcheology teacher. Having toselect another fieldofstudy, Jungchose 
natural science because hetwice dreamed ofmaking important discoveries inthe
natural world (Jung, 1961). Hischoice ofacareer eventually narrowed tomedicine. 
Thatchoice wasnarrowed further when helearned thatpsychiatry deals withsubjec -
tivephenomena (Singer, 1994).
While Jungwasinhisfirstyearofmedical school, hisfather died, leaving him
incareofhismother andsister. Alsowhile stillinmedical school, Jungbegan to
attend aseries ofseances withrelatives from thePreiswerk family, including hisfirst
cousin Helene Preiswerk, whoclaimed shecould communicate withdead people. 
Jungattended these seances mostly asafamily member, butlater, when hewrote his
medical dissertation ontheoccult phenomenon, hereported thatthese seances had
been controlled experiments (McLynn, 1996).
After completing hismedical degree from Basel University in1900, Jung
became apsychiatric assistant toEugene Bleuler atBurghöltzli Mental Hospital 
inZürich, possibly themost prestigious psychiatric teaching hospital intheworld 
atthattime. During 1902–1903, Jungstudied for6months inParis withPierre 
Janet, successor toCharcot. When hereturned toSwitzerland in1903, hemarried 
Emma Rauschenbach, ayoung sophisticated woman from awealthy Swiss family. 
Twoyears later, while continuing hisduties atthehospital, hebegan teaching atthe
University ofZürich andseeing patients inhisprivate practice.
JunghadreadFreud’s Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900/1953) soonafterit
appeared, buthewasnotmuch impressed withit(Singer, 1994). When hereread the
book afewyears later, hehadabetter understanding ofFreud’s ideas andwasmoved to
begin interpreting hisowndreams. In1906, JungandFreud began asteady correspon -
dence (seeMcGuire &McGlashan, 1994, fortheFreud/Jung letters). Thefollowing 
year, Freud invited CarlandEmma JungtoVienna. Immediately, bothFreud and
Jungdeveloped astrong mutual respect andaffection foreachother, talking during 
theirfirstmeeting for13straight hours andwellintotheearly morning hours. During 
thismarathon conversation, Martha Freud andEmma Jungbusied themselves with
polite conversation (Ferris, 1997).
Freud believed thatJungwastheideal person tobehissuccessor. Unlike other 
meninFreud’s circle offriends andfollowers, Jungwasneither Jewish norViennese. 
Inaddition, Freud hadwarm personal feelings forJungandregarded himasaman
ofgreat intellect. These qualifications prompted Freud toselect Jungasthefirst
president oftheInternational Psychoanalytic Association.Final PDF to printer