Schwartz, S.H. (1994). Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H.C.
Triandis, C ¸. K a ˘g/C16tc¸/C16ba¸s/C16, S.-C. Choi & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications
(pp. 85 /C0119). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Results and Comments
Schwartz’s primary research interest is to use data from the SVS to uncover a universal structure of cultural
value orientations that can be used to understand cultural differences in behaviors. He used multidimensional
scaling instead of conventional psychometrics as the primary statistical tool to construct a map of cultural values.
The hypothesized value structure is based on a conceptual analysis of the fundamental social coordination pro-blems every society faces. The levels of consistency and the stability of the results are both impressive.Nonetheless, the rankings of the society scores on most society-level values have changed between 1992 and2009. Future research is needed to determine the stability of the structure and the causes for value changes.
SCHWARTZ VALUE SUR VEY
Instructions
In this questionnaire you are to ask yourself: ‘What values are important to ME as guiding principles in MY life,
and what values are less important to me?’ There are two lists of values on the following pages. These values comefrom different cultures. In the parentheses following each value is an explanation that may help you to understandits meaning.
Your task is to rate how important each value is for you as a guiding principle in your life . Use the rating scale
below:
0: means the value is not at all important, it is not relevant as a guiding principle for you.
3: means the value is important.6: means the value is very important.
The higher the number (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), the more important the value is as a guiding principle in YOUR life.
21 is for rating any values opposed to the principles that guide you.
7 is for rating a value of supreme importance as a guiding principle in your life; ordinarily there are no more than
two such values.
In the space before each value, write the number ( 21, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) that indicates the importance of that
value for you, personally. Try to distinguish as much as possible between the values by using all the numbers. You
will, of course, need to use numbers more than once.
AS A GUIDING PRINCIPLE IN MY VALUE, this value is:
210 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
opposed tomy valuesnot important important very important of supreme
importance
Before you begin, read the values in List I, choose the one that is most important to you and rate its importance.
Next, choose the value that is most opposed to your values and rate it 21. If there is no such value, choose the value
least important to you and rate it 0 or 1, according to its importance. Then rate the rest of the values in List I.
LIST I
Cultural level value Individual level
valueDescription of Values
Egalitarianism Universalism 1. EQUALITY (equal opportunity for all)
Universalism 2. INNER HARMONY (at peace with myself)
Hierarchy Power 3. SOCIAL POWER (control over others, dominance)Affective Autonomy Hedonism 4. PLEASURE (gratification of desires)628 22. MEASURES OF CROSS-CULTURAL VALUES, PERSONALITY AND BELIEFS
VI. SOCIOCULTURAL INTERACTION AND CONFLICT