STATE ADULT ATTACHMENT MEASURE
The following statements concern how you feel right
now. Please respond to each statement by indicating
how much you agree or disagree with it as it reflects
your current feelings. Please indicate on a scale of 1 /C07
how you feel at the moment.
Security
I feel loved.
I feel like I have someone to rely on.
I feel secure and close to other people.
If something went wrong right now I feel like I could
depend on someone.
I feel like others care about me.
I feel relaxed knowing that close others are there for
me right now.
I feel I can trust the people who are close to me.
Anxiety
I feel a strong need to be unconditionally loved
right now.
I really need to feel loved right now.
I want to share my feelings with someone.I want to talk with someone who cares for me about
things that are worrying me.
I wish someone close could see me now.
I wish someone would tell me they really love me.
I really need someone’s emotional support.
Avoidance
If someone tried to get close to me, I would try to
keep my distance.
The idea of being emotionally close to someone
makes me nervous.
I’m afraid someone will want to get too close to me.
I feel alone and yet don’t feel like getting close
to others.
I have mixed feelings about being close to other
people.
I would be uncomfortable having a good friend or a
relationship partner close to me.
I feel like I am loved by others but I really don’t care.
Notes : Items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale
ranging from: Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree.
Reproduced with permission.
Pet Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ)
(Zilcha-Mano et al., 2011 ).
Variable
Zilcha-Mano et al. (2011) pointed out that human-pet bonds often meet the four prerequisites for an attach-
ment relationship. Pet owners commonly seek closeness to their pets (e.g., Enders-Slegers, 2000 ); they perceive
their pets as providing affection and support in times of need (e.g., Geisler, 2004 ); they feel distressed when sepa-
rated from their pet (e.g., Hunt, Al-Awadi, & Johnson, 2008 ); and their pet may serve as a secure base from which
to pursue a variety of activities (McNichollas & Collins, 1995). Zilcha-Mano et al. therefore hypothesized that
attachment to pets would have a structure similar to that found in studies of human-human attachment relation-
ships (i.e., could be characterized in terms of anxiety and avoidance). To test this hypothesis, Zilcha-Mano et al.
developed the Pet Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ) described below.
Description
Items were obtained from three sources. First, Zilcha-Mano et al. (2011) borrowed some from the ECR
(Brennan et al., 1998 ; reviewed above) and the AAS ( Collins, 1996 ; also reviewed above) that seemed relevant to
human-pet relationships (e.g., ‘I prefer not to be too close to my pet,’ ‘I’m often worried about what I’ll do if
something bad happens to my pet’). Second, the authors borrowed items from scales measuring human-pet rela-
tionships (e.g., the Comfort from Companion Animal Scale by Zasloff, 1996 ) related to discomfort with closeness
to and dependence on a pet (e.g., ‘My pet and I have a very close relationship,’ reverse coded) or worries about
being unloved or rejected by a pet (e.g., ‘My pet always makes me feel loved,’ reverse coded). Third, the authors
conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 pet owners who were asked to describe their relationship with
their pets. Statements indicating anxiety or avoidance were transformed into scale items (e.g., ‘She is precious to
me; I don’t know what I would do without her’). Participants were asked to rate a total of 50 items on a 7-point436 15. MEASURES OF ADULT ATTACHMENT AND RELATED CONSTRUCTS
IV. INTERPERSONAL STYLES