Oedipus complex, 52 –53, 71 –73
Openness, 161
Operant conditioning, 346 –350,
358–362, 376 –377
Optimal experience (flow), 290 –293
Optimism and pessimism, 212 –219
Oral stage of development, 49, 51
Outcome expectations, 362
Parental investment, 265
Peak experience, 290
Penis envy, 52, 114Performance goals, 191 –193
Personal constructs, 412 –415, 428
Personal Efficacy Scale, 402
Personal narratives, 117 –119
Person-by-situation approach, 166Person-centered therapy, 294 –296
Pessimism (see Optimism and
pessimism)
Phallic stage of development, 52 –53
Pleasure principle, 44
Positive affect, 204 –206
Positive reinforcement, 348
Possible selves, 422 –423
Posthypnotic amnesia, 89 –90
Preconscious, 43Prediction versus hindsight, 26 –27
Preferred arousal level, 261 –262
Preference for solitude, 337 –338
Press, 156
Problem-focused coping strategies,
127–130
Projection, 49, 76, 78
Projective tests, 54, 59 –63
Psychic energy, 46, 51
Psychoanalysis, 56 –58
Psychological adjustment
(see Well-being)
Psychological mechanisms, 237Psychosexual stages of development,
49–53
Psychotherapy, 56 –58, 294 –296, 316,
332, 360 –364, 405 –406, 424 –428
Behavior modification, 360 –362
Cognitive, 424 –428
Humanistic, 294 –296
Psychoanalysis, 56 –58
Self-efficacy,
362–364
Psychoticism, 225
Punishment, 348 –349
Q-Sort, 297 –301
Radical behaviorism, 343
Rathus Assertiveness Inventory,
369–370Rational emotive therapy, 425 –428
Reaction formation, 48 –49, 58
Reactive aggression, 439 –440
Reality principle, 44
Reciprocal determinism, 353 –355
Reflection, 295
Relational-Interdependent Self-
Construal Scale, 443 –444
Relationships (interpersonal), 138 –146,
206, 212, 263, 311 –312, 382 –384,
442–445
Reliability, 34 –35, 62
Religion, 115 –117
REM sleep, 74Replication, 27
Repressed memories, 50Repression, 47Repression-sensitization, 128
Repertory grid technique, 428 –431
Rep Test, 428
Resistance, 58Response tendencies, 176 –179
Rogers, Carl, 279 –283, 294 –301
Role Construct Repertory Test
(see Rep Test)
Role play, 366
Romantic relationships (see Relationships)
Rorschach inkblot test, 60, 62 –63
Rotter, Julian, 351 –353
Safety needs, 285 –286
Schemas, 416 –417 (see also Depressive
schemas, Self-schemas)
Secondary traits, 160
Second-order conditioning, 346
Secure attachment style, 141 –146
Self-actualization, 287 –290
Self-construals, 442 –445
Self-disclosure, 307 –317, 324
Self-discrepancy theory, 423 –424
Self-efficacy, 362 –364
Self-esteem,
324–333
Self-monitoring, 366 –367
Self-regulation, 355 –356
Self-schemas, 418 –422
Shadow, 102
Shaping, 349 –350
Shyness (see Social anxiety)
Shyness Scale, 200
Situation versus trait controversy,
165–170
Skinner, B. F., 14, 343 –345
Social anxiety, 198 –203, 235
Social-cognitive theory, 353 –357
Social desirability, 176 –179
Social exclusion, 237 –238
Social interest, 98Social learning theory, 350 –352
Social skills, 322, 324
Solitude, 333 –338
Statistical analysis of data, 30 –32
Statistical significance, 31
Striving for superiority, 97 –99
Structural model, 44 –46
Structure of personality, 158 –165,
223–225
Subception, 281
Subjective well-being (see Well-being)
Sublimation, 47, 132
Superego, 45 –46, 52
Symbolic behavior, 55 –56
Systematic desensitization, 360 –361
Television (see Mass media)Temperament, 230 –236, 239 –242
Test-retest reliability, 34 –35
Thanatos (see Death instinct)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),
62, 79, 161, 184 –185
Theory, 12 –14, 20 –21
Token economy, 361Topographic model, 43 –44
Trait continuum, 150
Traited and untraited individuals,
168–169
Transference, 58
Trauma, 313 –317
Triebe (see Instincts)
Triggered
displaced aggression,
136–137
Twin-study method, 253 –260
Type A, 193 –195
Typology systems, 149
Unconditional positive regard
(see Conditional/unconditional
positive regard)
Unconscious, 40 –43, 64
Uninhibited children (see Inhibited and
uninhibited children)
Unmitigated communion, 384 –386
Unmitigated Communion Scale, 385
Validity, 35 –37, 62
Video games, 393 –395
Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 41 –42, 95
Watson, John B., 341 –343, 358
Well-being, 262 –264, 290 –293,
335–337, 380 –382, 402 –406
Wish fulfillment, 44, 53
Womb envy, 114
Work, 177 –179, 292 –293, 296 –297,
404–405518 SUBJECT INDEX