Test/C0Retest
No evidence for test /C0retest reliability is currently available.
Validity
Convergent/Concurrent
No correlations were provided and so convergent validity cannot be assessed.
Divergent/Discriminant
No correlations were provided and so divergent validity cannot be assessed.
Construct/Factor Analytic
No exploratory or confirmatory factor analyses have been reported to-date.
Location
Voci, A., & Hewstone, M. (2003). Intergroup contact and prejudice towards immigrants in Italy: The media-
tional role of anxiety and the moderational role of group salience. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations ,6,
37/C054.
SAMPLE ITEMS (MEASURE 1)
When you met people from [the outgroup] ...
1.How aware were you that you belonged to different
communities?
2.Did you perceive the other person as a typical
[outgroup member]?3.Did you feel that you were two people representing
their respective membership groups?
Scored from: 1 5not at all to 55very.
Group Membership Salience during Contact: Measure 2
(Harwood et al., 2005 ).
Variable
In two studies focusing on intergenerational contact and attitudes, Harwood et al. (2005) used the most com-
prehensive and reliable set of measures of group salience to date.
Description
To assess participants’ group membership salience during contact, Harwood et al. (2005) asked participants to
rate, on a 7-point Likert-type response scale, their awareness of the age difference between themselves and each
grandparent, how much they thought about each grandparent’s age, how much their age mattered when talking,
and the extent to which each grandparent was ‘typical’ of other older people (people older than 65 years;
Harwood et al., 2005 ). Higher scores on the salience measures usually indicate higher group salience. Results
from Study 1 and 2 revealed that quality of contact with grandparents was significantly associated with more
positive attitudes toward the elderly when group salience was high, but not when it was low. Moreover, in
Study 2, a number of moderated-mediation effects of contact on attitudes emerged, such that the indirect effects
(e.g., via anxiety and perspective taking) were only significant when salience was high.
Samples
Study 1 examined N5192 American students’ ( Mage519.86 years, SD51.71) contact (quantity and quality)
with grandparents, and attitudes toward older adults (no mean scores were reported). Study 2 examined N5100
British students’ ( Mage519.92, SD51.59) the effect of contact with their grandparents (but focusing on the
grandparent with whom they interacted most regularly) on a range of outcome variables (e.g., group variability,
anxiety, and perspective taking). The same four items used in Study 1 were used in this study, as well, but asked
about one grandparent only ( M54.01, SD51.17).672 23. MEASURES OF INTERGROUP CONTACT
VI. SOCIOCULTURAL INTERACTION AND CONFLICT