114 
FIGURE 4.3.  Word clouds of the variables with which SDT-  derived achievement goal complexes are signifi -
cantly correlated (based on 390 correlations from 24 independent samples involving 6,693 participants). For 
each word cloud, the font size of the word is proportional to the correlation between the achievement goal 
complex and the variable (nonsignificant correlation were not considered). The correlations were collected 
from the following articles: Delrue et al. (2016), N = 221; Gaudreau and Braaten (2016), N = 515; Gaudreau 
(2012), N = 220; Gillet et al. (2014), N1 = 424, N2 = 123; Gillet et al. (2015), N1 = 278, N2 = 327, N3 = 169; 
Gillet et al. (2017), N = 330; Michou et al. (2014), N1 = 606, N2 = 435; Michou et al. (2016), N1 = 226, N2 = 
331; Özdemir Oz et al. (2016), N = 212; Senko and Tropiano (2016), N1 = 168, N2 = 160; Sommet and Elliot 
(2017), N2 = 406, N3 = 429, N4 = 457; Vansteenkiste, Mouratidis, et al. (2010), N1 = 304, N2 = 245; Vansteen -
kiste, Smeets, et al. (2010), N1 = 150, N2 = 190; Vansteenkiste, Mouratidis, et al. (2014), N = 67; the full set 
of correlations is presented in supplementary material (at https://figshare.com/s/7a47f3a688b62c49760d ).
Autonomous mast ery-appro ach goal co mplex 
(76 correlat ions: 86% beneficial, 3% detriment al; 12% null Controlled mastery -approach goal co mplex 
(73 correlations: 26% be neficial, 11% detrimental; 63% null)  
Additional null effect s: Self-efficacy ; Positiv e self -talk; Perfor mance; 
Cheat ing; Negat ive self-talk; Thr eat appraisal; Antisocial behavior; 
Pressure/te nsion  Additional null effect s: Self-efficacy ; Positiv e self -talk; Perfor mance; 
Cheat ing; Negat ive self-talk; Thr eat appraisal; Antisocial behavior; 
Pressure/te nsion  
Autonomous perfo rmance-appro ach goal co mplex 
(69 correlat ions: 61% beneficial, 3% detrim ental; 36% null) Controlled performan ce-appro ach goal co mplex 
(66 correlat ions: 14% be neficial, 26% detrim ental; 61% null)  
Additional null effect s: Self-handicap ping; Antiso cial behavio r; 
Anxiety; Cheating; Satisfaction; Self-regulated learning; Negative 
affect/emot ion; Perf ormanc e; Pos itive affect/emot ion; Help avoidance  Additional null effect s: Self-handicap ping; Antiso cial behavio r; 
Anxiety; Cheating; Satisfaction; Self-regulated learning; Negative 
affect/emotion; Perf ormance; Pos itive affect/emotion; Help avoidance  
Autonomous mastery -avoidance goal complex 
(40 correlat ions: 88% beneficial; 3% detrim ental; 10% null) Controlled mast ery-avoidance goal co mplex 
(40 correlat ions: 5% beneficial, 10% detrim ental; 85% null) 
Additional null effect s: Satisfaction; Flow; Performance; Threat  
appraisal Additional null effect s: Challenge ap praisal; Self- regulated le arning; 
Self-effic acy; Satisfactio n; Engagem ent; Dropout; Pos itive 
affect/emotion; Self-efficacy; Satisfaction; Flow;  Performanc e 
Autonomous perfo rmance-avoidan ce goal complex 
(13 correlat ions: 92% beneficial; 8% detrim ental; 0% null) Controlled performan ce-avoidan ce goal co mplex 
(13 correlations: 15% be neficial: 13% beneficial; 77% null)  
Additional null effect s: None  Additional null effect s: Engagement; Sat isfaction; Self-regulat ed 
learning; Po sitive affect /emotion 