not only the scales reviewed here undergo change but also new ones to appear in the research and clinical
literature.
While resiliency does not necessarily appear in the titles of all measures reviewed here, these scales share com-
mon features that are generally viewed as defining the construct. At the same time, it must be remembered that,
like ‘intelligence or personality’ instruments, each scale does have both overlapping and unique content and thus
it is important to operationally define how one is assessing and describing resiliency. The scales we have elected
to include in this review are not exhaustive of the literature addressing resiliency but show both the evolution of
the construct and its current measurement. Further, we have included only those scales/measures that have pro-
vided reasonable support for their psychometric integrity and clinical use.
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