장영실은 중국과 아라비아 문헌을 참고하여 발명품을 만들고자 하였으나 지침이 불완전했기 때문에, 그와 동료들은 상당히 많은 설계를 해야만 했다.
Jang Yeong-sil referenced Chinese and Arabian texts to create his inventions, but as these instructions were incomplete, a significant amount of design had to be done by Jang and his colleagues.