상대적 이점, 복잡성, 재정적 위험, 개선된 혁신기대, 혁신성향, 기존 스마트폰 앱 태도를 독립변수로 설정하였다.
Relative advantage, complexity, financial risk, improved expectation of innovation, innovation tendency, and attitudes of existing smartphone apps were set as independent variables.