미스매치 중 학력/기술 수준에서 과잉인 경우는 하향취업으로, 부족인 경우는 상향취업상태로 간주하였다.
Among the mismatches, if there is an excess at the level of education/skills, it is regarded as downward employment, and if it is insufficient, it is considered as an upward employment status.