Despite Reforms, Most Cubans Still Work for the State Share of employment in Cuba by sector
Despite economic reforms, the state still dominates. In a paper published last year by the Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, former International Monetary Fund economist Ernesto Hernandez-Cata estimated that Cuba’s private and cooperative sector generated 25.3% of GDP in 2012, compared with just 5% in 1989. But the government, both directly and through state-owned enterprises, was still the source of more than three-quarters of Cuba’s economic activity. Government investment represented just 9.1% of GDP in 2012, versus 14.2% in 1989, which Hernandez-Cata said “reveals one of the most disturbing aspects of Cuba’s recent economic history: the weakness of capital formation.” (Official government figures put economy-wide fixed capital investment, from all sources, at 8.3% of GDP in 2013, considered low by international standards.)
Despite Reforms, Most Cubans Still  | Work for the State  | Share of employment in Cuba by sector  | 100%  | 80  | Public se ctor  | 74%  | 60  | Cooperative 5%  | 40  | Cooperative 5%  | Selfemployed 9%  | 20  | Selfemployed 9%  | Other 13% private  | 13%  | 05  | '07  | 09  | '13  | Source: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica e Informacion  | PEW RESEARCH CENTER 