article 301 reads: "the court may refuse to grant the application for a alimony if the defendant proves that the applicant has committed a serious offense that rendered it impossible to continue living together. under no circumstances will alimony be given to a spouse who was found guilty of an act referred to in articles 375, 398-400, 402, 403 or 405 of the penal code, committed against the person of the defendant, or an attempt to commit an act referred to in articles 375, 393, 394 or 397 of the code against the same person." belize according to the belize police department, in 2013 there were 26 cases of rape reported in the country. the estimated total population in 2013 was 334,297. in 2006, the incidence of rapes recorded by the police was 15.3 per 100,000 people, according to data by unodc. according to a 2009 report, bribery in rape investigations, including those involving child rape, is common. suspects often offer money to the police or to the victims/their families. the laws were amended in belize in 1999 to criminalize marital rape; the law defines marital rape that happens at the time the spouses are cohabiting more narrowly than rape in other circumstances; it stipulates that the act is criminal if "the act of sexual intercourse is preceded or accompanied by or associated with, assault and battery, harm or injury to the female spouse". rape between unmarried persons, or between separated spouses is defined by lack of consent. bosnia and herzegovina during the bosnian war, rape was prevalent. in 1993, a european community commission estimated that around 20,000 women were raped, while the bosnian government put the figure at 50,000. botswana in a 2009 study, 4.9% of 1244 women of 13–24 years reported having been raped in their lifetimes. 10.3% of 654 women reported that they had been raped in their lifetimes in a 2011 study. 4.6% had been raped in the past year. 3.9% of 613 men had been raped in their lifetimes and 4.2% had raped in the past year. brazil in brazil, rape is "alarmingly under-reported" and there are no accurate data to compare rape rates among the country's twenty-six states and federal district. however, in 2012, there were 6,029 rapes in the state of rio de janeiro; 4,993 of the victims were women. on average, 416 women a month were raped that year and according to rio's state institute of public security (isp) the rate of rape in the state is 37 per 100,000 population for victims of both sexes. rio's civil police say that in the first quarter of 2013, 1,822 rapes were committed, while there were only 70 individuals arrested for the crimes. typically, the victims were mainly black women, aged between 20 and 30 years, and coming from any social class. burma systematic rape committed by the military against civilians has been documented in myanmar. a 2002 report by the shan human rights foundation and the shan women's action network, titled license to rape, details incidents of sexual violence committed by tatmadaw (burmese army) troops in shan state, mostly between 1996 and 2001. the military of burma has also been accused of continuing to use rape as a weapon of war after the elections of 2010. in 2014, a women's group, the women's league of burma, said it had documented more than 100 cases of rape by the military since 2010. according to a 2012 report by human rights watch, the burmese security forces have committed killings, rape, and mass arrests against rohingya muslims. burundi marital rape was criminalized in 2009, albeit with a rather symbolic sentence of only 8 days imprisonment and a fine of 10.000 to 50.000 fbu. the new 2009 criminal code also criminalized homosexuality which was legal before; but it also abolished the capital punishment in the country, therefore the new code received mixed reactions from human rights organizations. a report by amnesty international found that rape was very common in burundi, rarely prosecuted, and that victims faced strong social stigma and a high risk of reprisal. cambodia in cambodia, rape is estimated by local and international ngos to be common, but only a very small minority of these assaults are ever reported to authorities, due to the social stigma associated to being the victim of a sexual crime, and, in particular, to losing virginity before marriage (regardless of how this happened). from november 2008 to november 2009, police had recorded 468 cases of rape, attempted rape and sexual harassment, a 2.4 percent increase over the previous year. breaking the silence – sexual violence in cambodia is a report produced by amnesty international, and released in 2010, which examined the situation of sexual violence in cambodia. the report found that, in the small minority of rapes which are reported, a very common response is for law-enforcement officials, including police and court staff, to arrange extralegal out-of-court 'agreements' between the victim and the perpetrator (or their families), in which the rapist pays a sum of money which is shared between the authorities and the victim (and her family), after which the victim has to withdraw any criminal complaint against the perpetrator, and public prosecutors close the case. when a rape is investigated, a complainant is generally expected to pay an extralegal sum of money to the authorities, to ensure that the court investigates the case, otherwise progress is slow, and it may take over two years for anything to happen. during the pre-trial period, there is always a risk that the perpetrator's family will pay a bribe to secure his acquittal or reduced charge. the un reported results in 2013 from a study that they did in six asia-pacific countries about violence against women. 20.4% of cambodian men said that they had raped a woman in their lifetime and 11.3% had raped in the past year. 3.3% had raped another man at some point and 23% had participated in gang rape, the largest percentage out of the nine areas surveyed. cambodia was the only area where gang rape was the most commonly reported form of non-partner rape. 45% answered that sexual entitlement was their motive for raping a woman and 42% said they raped to punish a woman. 11.7% of rapists had raped 4 or more women. 52% first perpetrated rape as teenagers and 15.8% first did so under the age of 15. 44.5% of rapists experienced no legal consequences. canada in canadian colonies, rape was an offence at common law. the conceptualization of rape was based on english common law understanding of this offence. english legal precedent was very important. canada got its first statutory definition of rape in 1892, under the 1892 criminal code, which read: "rape is the act of a man having carnal knowledge of a woman who is not his wife without her consent, or with consent which has been extorted by threats or fear of bodily harm, or obtained by personating the woman’s husband, or by false and fraudulent representations as to the nature and quality of the act." a boy under 14 could not be convicted of rape. the rape law remained virtually unchanged until 1983, when the criminal offence of "rape" was abolished and replaced by three sexual assault offences. unlike the previous rape offence, the sexual assault offences are applicable in marriage and are gender neutral. these three offences are: sexual assault sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm aggravated sexual assault. the most frequently cited research on sexual violence was conducted by statistics canada in 1992, which involved a national random sample of 12,300 women (johnson and sacco, 1995). the research found that over one in three women had experienced a sexual assault and that only 6% of sexual assaults were reported to the police. according to justice institute of british columbia, one out of every 17 women is raped, 62% of rape victims were physically injured, 9% were beaten or disfigured. china main article: rape in china between the years of 2010 and 2013, the united nations multi-country study on men and violence in asia and the pacific asked men in urban and rural areas of china if they had ever forced a female to have sex. 22.2% said yes. 9.3% had done so in the past year. 55% of the men who had raped had done so more than once and 23.2% had raped more than one woman. 86% cited sexual entitlement as their motive, 57% said that they raped out of fun or boredom, and 46% out of anger or punishment. and despite 47% of them reporting consequences of punishment, threats or violence as a result, 72.4% had not experienced legal consequences. 1.7% had raped another man. 2.2% had participated in gang rape. 25% who had raped reported first doing so as a teenager, the lowest percentage in the study. and while only 11.8% of men and 10.2% of women surveyed approved of generally blaming the victim, 53.7% and 53.5% of each agreed with the statement "if a woman doesn't physically fight back, it's not rape." according to the us department of state, there were 31,833 cases of rape in china in 2007. colombia the armed conflict in colombia has resulted in increased sexual violence against women; and colombian authorities have been accused of failing to investigate rape complaints and failing to control sexual attacks in the country. marital rape was criminalized in 1996. rape is very common among internally displaced women: it is reported that one in five of these women were raped. democratic republic of the congo meeting of victims of sexual violence in the democratic republic of the congo in eastern congo, the prevalence and intensity of rape and other sexual violence is described as the worst in the world. it is estimated that there are as many as 200,000 surviving rape victims living in the democratic republic of the congo today. a new study says more than 400,000 women are raped in the democratic republic of congo annually. war rape in the democratic republic of congo has frequently been described as a "weapon of war" by commentators. louise nzigire, a local social worker, states that "this violence was designed to exterminate the population." nzigire observes that rape has been a "cheap, simple weapon for all parties in the war, more easily obtainable than bullets or bombs." in an analysis of 2565 patients who received medical care in the médecins sans frontières sexual violence clinic in the capital of ituri, bunia, between 2005 and 2006, 73% (95.2% of male victims) reported being raped by armed men. 74.5% experienced gang rape (89.3% of male and 73.9% of female victims), with attack by between two and four perpetrators being the most common scenario (58.9%) for both sexes. 48.6% of victims were attacked while doing daily domestic activities outside their homes. denmark although only approximately 500 rapes are reported to the danish police annually, several studies estimate that only a small minority of all rapes are actually reported, and only one in five reported rapes result in a conviction in court. for example, according to a 2014 study published by the european union agency for fundamental rights, denmark had the highest prevalence rate of physical and sexual violence against women in europe. the danish government was harshly criticized for inadequate laws in regard to sexual violence in a 2008 report produced by amnesty international. the danish criminal provisions regarding sexual crimes had remained nearly unchanged for 30 years, which lead amnesty international to declare that "legislation on rape and sexual violence with human rights principles concerning the need to protect an individual's sexual and physical integrity and right to self-determination." the organization repeatedly urged denmark to bring legislation on rape in line with international law over several years, which lead to an amendment to the sexual offences code in 2013, following a change in government after the 2011 elections. sexual offences (danish: seksualforbrydelser) are defined in the danish penal code, chapter 24, section 216–236.