are practically no scars. the fatty layer that lies over the cheekbones is also lifted and repositioned. this improves the nose-to-mouth lines and the roundness over the cheekbones. the recovery time is rather short and this procedure is often combined with a blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery) mini-facelift the mini-facelift is the least invasive type of facelift which is similar to a full facelift, the only difference is the omission of the neck lift in the mini lift procedure. it is also called the ‘s’ lift because of the shape of the incision that is used or the ‘short-scar’ facelift. this lift is a more temporary solution to the ageing of the face which also has less downtime and is done on people who have deep nasolabial folds, sagging facial structures, yet still have a firm and well-contoured neck. the position of the incision is usually made from the hairline around the ear with scars hidden in the natural crease of the skin. the mini lift can be performed with an endoscope, which is used to reposition the soft tissues. after this, the skin is repositioned by the surgeon with small sutures. this type of lift is a good alternative to the full facelift to people with premature ageing.blue represents the incisions in the skin only facelift. green represents the s-lift. red is the extensive undermining done in several facelift techniques. subperiosteal facelift the subperiosteal facelift technique is done by vertically lifting the soft tissues of the face, completely separating it from the underlying facial bones and elevating it to a more esthetically pleasing position, correcting deep nasolabial folds and sagging cheeks. the technique is often combined with standard techniques, which provide a long-lasting rejuvenation of the face and is done in all age groups. the difference between this and other lifts is that the subperiosteal facelift has a longer period of facial swelling after the procedure. skin-only facelift with the skin-only facelift only the skin of the face is lifted and not the underlying smas, muscles or other structures. as the elastin fibers disintegrate, the skin itself loses elasticity in older patients. a skin only face lift requires skill in understanding the extent of safe removal of skin and the vector of pull to get an optimal result. it can be done with a simple ellipse of skin removed with minimal undermining of skin flaps or more extensively with large skin flaps. it can last 5 to 10 years but some patients may want a touch-up at 6 to 12 months after the procedure. the reason that this option is considered is that it has fewer complications and quicker recovery. one of the father's of plastic surgery sir harold gilles described a simple ellipse of skin excision in a socialite who was pleased with her quick recovery and outcome. can be done for a simple jowl lift in a 35 to 45 year old patient. thread lift a technique called thread lift or non-surgical face lift simplifies the operation. silicone threads with barbs are used to pull the face and neck skin upwards without the need of skin excision. these are non-absorbable threads and combination of these threads with other methods of facial rejuvenation reveals even better results. one such procedure is thread-lift with anti-ptosis (aptos) sutures. in the uk aesthetic practitioners—who administer thread lifts and other treatments—are not required to have any mandatory qualifications, although some treatments can cause serious complications. in liverpool the bbc found 26 cosmetic training academies offering courses ranging in price from £150 to £5,000 in 2021, lasting from a couple of hours online to a couple of days of face-to-face training. a professionally trained cosmetic doctor, vincent wong, said that a thread lift is the most dangerous procedure an aesthetic practitioner can do. a great many things can go wrong, more so than any injectable treatment, because threads stay in the skin and cannot be pulled out; while the results can be very good, the procedure can also cause irreversible damage. the professional training of wong—already a physician with a degree in surgery—in this procedure involved four courses over three months. a nurse sent undercover by the bbc to take and secretly film a course teaching thread lifting was shocked at the unprofessionalism and unsafe practices she was taught. while exceptional sterility is required to avoid possible long-term infection, there was no attempt to control infection. the tutor touched various objects and then the patient's face, and the procedure was carried out on a chair instead of a clean bed. several blood vessels were accidentally punctured, and the patient was clearly in severe pain. patients drank alcohol before the treatment and vaped during it. ashton collins, the director of save face, a national register of accredited medical practitioners that provide non-surgical cosmetic treatments, said that "there's no doubt that if people following that course go on to do treatments will cause a lot of complications". macs facelift the term macs-lift – or minimal access cranial suspension lift – allows for the correction of sagging facial features through a short, minimal incision, elevating them vertically by suspending them from above. there are many advantages to having a macs facelift versus a traditional facelift. for starters, the macs-lift uses a shorter scar that is in front of the ear, instead of behind, which is much easier to hide. overall, the macs-lift surgery is safer because less skin is raised. this means that there is less risk of bleeding and nerve damage. the operation also takes less time, lasting 2.5 hours instead of the 3.5 hours that the traditional facelift requires. there is also a shorter recovery period, 2–3 weeks instead of 3–4 weeks. finally, the results of the macs-lift are very natural while the traditional facelift will often result in a "windswept" look. the macs lift has been successfully used for to correct complication after thread-lift with aptos. complications the most common complication is bleeding which usually requires a return to the operating room. less common, but potentially serious, complications may include damage to the facial nerves and necrosis of the skin flaps or infection. although the facial plastic surgeon attempts to prevent and minimise the risk of complications, a rhytidectomy can have complications. as a risk to every operation, complications can be derived as a reaction to the anesthetics. hematoma is the most seen complication after rhytidectomy. arterial bleeding can cause the most dangerous hematomas, as they can lead to dyspnea. almost all of the hematomas occur within the first 24 hours after the rhytidectomy. nerve injury can be sustained during rhytidectomy. this kind of injury can be temporary or permanent and harm can be done to either sensory or motor nerves of the face. as a sensory nerve, the great auricular nerve is the most common nerve to get injured at a facelift procedure. the most injured motor nerve is the facial nerve. skin necrosis can occur after a facelift operation. smoking increases the risk of skin necrosis 12-fold. scarring is considered a complication of facelift surgery. hypertrophic scars can appear. a facelift requires skin incisions; however, the incisions in front of and behind the ear are usually inconspicuous. hair loss in the portions of the incision within the hair-bearing scalp can rarely occur. a distortion of the hairline—and facial hair in men—can result after a rhytidectomy. there is a high incidence of alopecia after rhytidectomy. the permanent hair loss is mostly seen at the incision site in the temporal areas. in men, the sideburns can be pulled backwards and upwards, resulting in an unnatural appearance if appropriate techniques are not employed to address this issue. achieving a natural appearance following surgery in men can be more challenging due to their hair-bearing preauricular skin. in both men and women, one of the signs of having had a facelift can be an earlobe which is pulled forwards and/or distorted. if too much skin is removed, or a more vertical vector not employed, the face can assume a pulled-back, "windswept" appearance. this appearance can also be due to changes in bone structure that generally happen with age. one of the most often overlooked (or not discussed) areas of a traditional facelift procedure is the effects on the anatomical positioning and angles of the ears. most patients are, in many cases, not made aware that the vector forces in a facelift will lower the ears as well as change the angle of the ears. ear lowering can be as much as 1 cm and change in the angle as much as 10 degrees. infection is a rare complication for patients who have undergone a rhytidectomy. staphylococcus is the most usual causative organism for an infection after facelift surgery. prices cost varies by country where surgery is performed, as of 2008: canada – us$7,000–15,000 pakistan – us$5,500 malaysia – us$6,400 panama – us$2,500 russia – us$10,000 singapore – us$7,500 south korea – us$6,650 india – us$2,500 taiwan – us$8,500 thailand – us$5,000 united states – us$7,000–$15,000 costs in europe, as of 2009: belgium – gbp £1,650 and up italy – gbp £5,000 united kingdom – £4,000–£9,000 serbia – gbp £4,000