available (at the time of the 2012 study, only 3% of korean internet sites, using the most popular korean search engine naver, were against indiscriminate circumcision and 97% were for). the authors of the study speculate "that the very existence of information about the history of korean circumcision, its contrary nature relative to a longstanding tradition, its introduction by the us military, etc., has been extremely influential on the decision-making process regarding circumcision." more than 80% afghanistan, azerbaijan, bangladesh, bahrain, brunei, iran, iraq, israel, pakistan, jordan, kuwait, kyrgyzstan, lebanon, oman, palestine, the philippines, qatar, saudi arabia, syria, tajikistan, turkey, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, united arab emirates and yemen. the overall prevalence of circumcision (tuli) in the philippines is reported to be 92.5%. most circumcisions in the philippines are performed between the ages of 11 to 13. europe less than 20% armenia, austria, belarus, belgium, bulgaria, croatia, czech republic, cyprus, denmark, estonia, finland, france, georgia, germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italy, latvia, lithuania, malta, moldova, the netherlands, norway, poland, portugal, romania, russia, slovakia, slovenia, spain, serbia, sweden, switzerland, ukraine, and the united kingdom. germany (10.9 - 18.8%) in germany, the german health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents found in 2007 that 10.9% of boys aged 0–17 had been circumcised. an online survey of 110,964 german youth (aged ≥ 12) found a circumcision rate of 18.8% (as of march 2023). the majority of the procedures (69%) were performed for medical reasons, while 19% were performed on religious grounds. united kingdom (15.8%) a national survey on sexual attitudes in 2000 found that 15.8% of men or boys in the united kingdom (ages 16–44) were circumcised by their parents' choosing, while 11.7% of 16- to 19-year-olds, and 19.6% of 40- to 44-year-olds said they had been circumcised. apart from black caribbeans, men born overseas were more likely to be circumcised. rickwood et al. reported that the proportion of english boys circumcised for medical reasons had fallen from 35% in the early 1930s to 6.5% by the mid-1980s. as of 2000 an estimated 3.8% of male children in the uk were being circumcised for medical reasons by the age of 15. the researchers stated that too many boys, especially under the age of 5, were still being circumcised because of a misdiagnosis of phimosis. they called for a target to reduce the percentage to 2%. the netherlands (9 - 16%) among participants of the helius study, recruited between 2011 and 2015 (age 18-70), the circumcision rate for dutch men without a migration background was 9%. the rate was > 95% for men of moroccan, turkish or ghanaian background. a small study from 2019 that recruited homosexual men suffering from various std's found that 16% of the participants were circumcised. france (14%) in france, according to a telephone survey (tns sofres institute, 2008), 14% of men are circumcised. bulgaria (13.4%) the circumcision rate in bulgaria is estimated to be 13.4%. russia (11.8%) the circumcision rate in russia is estimated to be 11.8%. sweden (11.8%) a study on hypospadias (2016), recruited a control group (i.e. men without hypospadias) via the swedish population registry, the reported circumcision rate of the controls was 11.8%, mean age was 33. denmark (1.6 - 7%) in 1986, 511 out of approximately 478,000 danish boys aged 0–14 years were circumcised. this corresponds to a cumulative national circumcision rate of around 1.6% by the age of 15 years. a recent survey (2017-2018) called project sexus surveyed 62,675 danes aged 15–89 years on sexual topics. the survey found the male circumcision rate to be 7%. of the respondents 5% were circumcised for medical or other reasons, while 2% were circumcised for religious or traditional reasons. spain (6.6%) the overall prevalence of circumcision in spain is reported to be 6.6% in province of granada of andalusians especially at the alpujarras. through the long tradition of the moors and sephardic jews poland (5%) a 2017 survey of polish university students (average age - 25) found a circumcision rate of 5%. note that this figure is an estimate and fully representative only for students of the university where the survey took place. slovenia (4.5%) in slovenia, a 1999–2001 national probability sample of the general population aged 18–49 years found that overall, 92,0 % of slovenian male citizens reported being circumcised. prevalence strongly varied across religious groups, with 92.4% of muslims being circumcised, 1.7% of roman catholics, 0% of other religious affiliations (evangelic, serbian orthodox, other), and 7.1% of those with no religious affiliation. finland (2-4%) in finland, the overall prevalence of circumcision is 2–4%, according to a recent publication by the finnish health ministry. between 20% and 80% circumcision rate by region in albania for males aged 15–49, 2017–2018 belgium, albania, kosovo, north macedonia, and bosnia and herzegovina. bosnia-herzegovina (58.7% or 41.6%) in bosnia-herzegovina the circumcision rate was 58.7% in 2018. this study shows shows 41.6% of circumcision rate in bosnia-herzegovinashows 41.6% albania (36.8% or 47.7%) in albania during the years 2008–09 the percentage of men age 15–49 who reported having been circumcised was 47.7%. in the years 2017–18 the circumcision rate in albania had declined to 36.8%. in this study albania shows a circumcision percentage of 47.7%. belgium (~ 22%) a study on genital sensitivity from 2013 recruited ~1400 adult men through leaflets randomly distributed at railway stations in belgium. in this study 22.6% of the participants reported being circumcised. the majority identified as being caucasian with only a very small minority reporting being asian, arabic or african. in another more recent (2023) and similarly designed study on genital sensitivity 21.7% (152 out of 702) of participants reported being circumcised. according to data from the national institute for health and disability insurance (nihdi or riziv), the number of circumcisions performed in belgium amounted to 25,286 in the year of 2011. the vast majority of the procedures were performed on individuals aged < 16 years old. if this rate remains stable it is estimated that over time the circumcision rate for boys aged 16 will reach 31.71%. over 80% kosovo, azerbaijan and turkey, 98.6%. azerbaijan shows 98.5% of circumcision rate turkey shows 98.6% of circumcision rate kosovo shows 91.7% of circumcision rate other european countries oceania australia circumcision reached its peak in australia in the 1950s with a rate of more than 80%, but has steadily fallen to an estimated 26% in 2012. the rate of circumcision has dropped rapidly over the years. it is estimated that roughly 80 percent of males 35 and under are not circumcised. the australian longitudinal study of health and relationships is a computer assisted telephone interview of males aged 16–64 that uses a nationally representative population sample. in 2005 the interview found that the prevalence of circumcision in australia was roughly 58%. circumcision status was more common with males over 30 than males under 30, and more common with males who were born in australia. 66% of males born in australia were circumcised and less than 1/3 of males under 30 were circumcised. there has been a decline in the rate of infant circumcision in australia. the royal australasian college of physicians (racp) estimated in 2010 that 10 to 20 percent of newborn boys are being circumcised, but the prevalence of male circumcision is much higher due to the presence of older circumcised males remaining in the population. medicare australia records show the number of males younger than six months that underwent circumcision dropped from 19,663 in 2007/08 to 6,309 (4%) in 2016/17. new zealand according to the world health organisation, fewer than 20% of males are circumcised in new zealand in 2007. in new zealand routine circumcision for which there is no medical indication is uncommon and no longer publicly funded within the public hospital system. in a study of men born in 1972–1973 in dunedin, 40.2% were circumcised. in a study of men born in 1977 in christchurch, 26.1% were circumcised. a 1991 survey conducted in waikato found that 7% of male infants were circumcised. pacific islands circumcision for cultural reasons is routine in pacific island countries.