species contributing to spoilage in high number. food spoilage is detrimental to the food industry due to production of volatile compounds from organisms metabolizing the various nutrients found in the food product. contamination results in health hazards from toxic compound production as well as unpleasant odours and flavours. electronic nose technology allows fast and continuous measurement of microbial food spoilage by sensing odours produced by these volatile compounds. electronic nose technology can thus be applied to detect traces of pseudomonas milk spoilage and isolate the responsible pseudomonas species. the gas sensor consists of a nose portion made of 14 modifiable polymer sensors that can detect specific milk degradation products produced by microorganisms. sensor data is produced by changes in electric resistance of the 14 polymers when in contact with its target compound, while four sensor parameters can be adjusted to further specify the response. the responses can then be pre-processed by a neural network which can then differentiate between milk spoilage microorganisms such as p. fluorescens and p. aureofaciens. species pseudomonas comprises the following species, organized into genomic affinity groups: p. aeruginosa group p. aeruginosa (schroeter 1872) migula 1900 (approved lists 1980) p. citronellolis seubert 1960 (approved lists 1980) p. delhiensis prakash et al. 2007 "p. denitrificans" bergey et al. 1961 p. jinjuensis kwon et al. 2003 p. knackmussii stolz et al. 2007 p. nicosulfuronedens li et al. 2021 p. nitroreducens iizuka and komagata 1964 (approved lists 1980) p. panipatensis gupta et al. 2008 p. anguilliseptica group p. anguilliseptica wakabayashi and egusa 1972 (approved lists 1980) p. benzenivorans lang et al. 2012 p. borbori vanparys et al. 2006 p. campi timsy et al. 2021 p. cuatrocienegasensis escalante et al. 2009 p. glareae romanenko et al. 2015 p. guineae bozal et al. 2007 p. guryensis kim et al. 2021 p. lalucatii busquets et al. 2021 p. leptonychotis nováková et al. 2020 p. marincola romanenko et al. 2008 p. peli vanparys et al. 2006 p. segitis park et al. 2006 p. taeanensis lee et al. 2010 p. ullengensis kim et al. 2021 p. fluorescens group p. asplenii subgroup p. agarici young 1970 (approved lists 1980) p. asplenii (ark and tompkins 1946) savulescu 1947 (approved lists 1980) "p. batumici" kiprianova et al. 2011 p. fuscovaginae (ex tanii et al. 1976) miyajima et al. 1983 "p. gingeri" cutri et al. 1984 p. vanderleydeniana girard et al. 2022 p. chlororaphis subgroup p. aurantiaca nakhimovskaya 1948 (approved lists 1980) p. aureofaciens kluyver 1956 (approved lists 1980) p. chlororaphis (guignard and sauvageau 1894) bergey et al. 1930 (approved lists 1980) "p. piscium" (burr et al. 2010) chen et al. 2018 p. corrugata subgroup p. alvandae girard et al. 2022 p. bijieensis liang et al. 2021 p. brassicacearum achouak et al. 2000 p. canavaninivorans hauth et al. 2022 p. corrugata roberts and scarlett 1981 p. kilonensis sikorski et al. 2001 p. marvdashtae girard et al. 2022 p. mediterranea catara et al. 2002 p. ogarae garrido-sanz et al. 2022 p. tehranensis girard et al. 2022 p. thivervalensis achouak et al. 2000 p. viciae zhao et al. 2020 p. zanjanensis girard et al. 2022 p. zarinae girard et al. 2022 p. fluorescens subgroup p. allii sawada et al. 2021 p. antarctica reddy et al. 2004 p. asgharzadehiana girard et al. 2022 p. aylmerensis corrig. tchagang et al. 2021 p. azadiae girard et al. 2022 p. azotoformans iizuka and komagata 1963 (approved lists 1980) p. canadensis tambong et al. 2017 p. carnis lick et al. 2020 p. cedrina corrig. dabboussi et al. 2002 p. costantinii munsch et al. 2002 p. cremoris hofmann et al. 2021 p. cyclaminis sawada et al. 2021 p. edaphica ramírez-bahena et al. 2019 p. extremaustralis lópez et al. 2010 p. extremorientalis ivanova et al. 2002 p. fildesensis pavlov et al. 2020 p. fluorescens migula 1895 (approved lists 1980) "p. fulgida" naureen et al. 2005 p. grimontii baïda et al. 2002 p. haemolytica hofmann et al. 2020 p. kairouanensis oueslati et al. 2020 p. karstica švec et al. 2020 p. khavaziana girard et al. 2022 p. kitaguniensis sawada et al. 2020 p. lactis von neubeck et al. 2017 p. lactucae sawada et al. 2021 p. libanensis dabboussi et al. 1999 p. lurida behrendt et al. 2007 p. marginalis (brown 1918) stevens 1925 (approved lists 1980) p. nabeulensis oueslati et al. 2020 p. orientalis dabboussi et al. 2002 p. palleroniana gardan et al. 2002 p. panacis park et al. 2005 p. paracarnis lick et al. 2021 p. paralactis von neubeck et al. 2017 p. pisciculturae duman et al. 2021 p. poae behrendt et al. 2003 p. rhodesiae coroler et al. 1997 p. salmasensis girard et al. 2022 p. salomonii gardan et al. 2002 p. simiae vela et al. 2006 p. sivasensis duman et al. 2020 p. spelaei švec et al. 2020 p. synxantha (ehrenberg 1840) holland 1920 (approved lists 1980) p. tolaasii paine 1919 (approved lists 1980) p. tritici girard et al. 2022 p. trivialis behrendt et al. 2003 p. veronii elomari et al. 1996 p. yamanorum arnau et al. 2015 p. fragi subgroup p. bubulae lick et al. 2020 p. deceptionensis carrión et al. 2011 p. endophytica ramírez-bahena et al. 2015 p. fragi (eichholz 1902) gruber 1905 (approved lists 1980) p. helleri von neubeck et al. 2016 p. lundensis molin et al. 1986 p. paraversuta lick et al. 2021 p. psychrophila yumoto et al. 2002 p. saxonica hofmann et al. 2020 p. taetrolens haynes 1957 (approved lists 1980) p. versuta see-too et al. 2017 p. weihenstephanensis von neubeck et al. 2016 p. gessardii subgroup p. brenneri baïda et al. 2002 p. gessardii verhille et al. 1999 p. meridiana reddy et al. 2004 p. mucidolens levine and anderson 1932 (approved lists 1980) p. proteolytica reddy et al. 2004 p. shahriarae girard et al. 2022 p. jessenii subgroup p. azerbaijanoccidentalis corrig. girard et al. 2022 p. azerbaijanorientalis corrig. girard et al. 2022 p. izuensis lu et al. 2020 p. jessenii verhille et al. 1999 p. laurylsulfatiphila corrig. furmanczyk et al. 2019 p. laurylsulfativorans corrig. furmanczyk et al. 2019 p. mohnii cámara et al. 2007 p. moorei cámara et al. 2007 p. reinekei cámara et al. 2007 p. umsongensis kwon et al. 2003 p. vancouverensis mohn et al. 1999 p. koreensis subgroup p. allokribbensis morimoto et al. 2021 p. anatoliensis duman et al. 2021 p. atacamensis poblete-morales et al. 2021 p. atagonensis corrig. morimoto et al. 2020 p. baetica lópez et al. 2012 "p. bananamidigenes" girard et al. 2021 "p. botevensis" girard et al. 2021 "p. crudilactis" schlusselhuber et al. 2021 p. ekonensis girard et al. 2022 p. glycinae jia et al. 2021 p. gozinkensis morimoto et al. 2021 p. granadensis pascual et al. 2015 p. hamedanensis girard et al. 2022 p. helmanticensis ramírez-bahena et al. 2014 p. iranensis girard et al. 2022 p. iridis duman et al. 2021 p. khorasanensis girard et al. 2022 p. koreensis kwon et al. 2003 "p. kribbensis" chang et al. 2016 p. monsensis girard et al. 2022 p. moraviensis tvrzová et al. 2006 p. neuropathica duman et al. 2021 p. siliginis girard et al. 2022 p. tensinigenes girard et al. 2022 p. triticicola girard et al. 2022 p. zeae girard et al. 2022 p. mandelii subgroup p. arsenicoxydans campos et al. 2011 p. farris girard et al. 2022 p. frederiksbergensis andersen et al. 2000 "p. gregormendelii" kosina et al. 2016 p. lini delorme et al. 2002 p. mandelii verhille et al. 1999 p. migulae verhille et al. 1999 p. mucoides duman et al. 2021 p. piscicola duman et al. 2021 p. prosekii kosina et al. 2014 p. silesiensis kaminski et al. 2018 p. protegens subgroup "p. aestus" vasconcellos et al. 2017 p. piscis liu et al. 2020 p. protegens ramette et al. 2012 p. saponiphila lang et al. 2012 "p. sessilinigenes" girard et al. 2021 incertae sedis "p. blatchfordae" blatchford and schuster 1980 p. kielensis gieschler et al. 2021 p. linyingensis group p. guangdongensis yang et al. 2013 p. linyingensis he et al. 2015 "p. oryzae" yu et al. 2013 p. sagittaria lin et al. 2013 p. lutea group p. abietaniphila mohn et al. 1999 p. bohemica saati-santamaría et al. 2018 p. graminis behrendt et al. 1999 p. lutea peix et al. 2004 p. massiliensis group "p. massiliensis" bardet et al. 2018 p. typographi peral-aranega et al. 2021 p. oleovorans group p. alcaliphila yumoto et al. 2001 "p. chaetocerotis" girard et al. p. chengduensis tao et al. 2014 p. composti gibello et al. 2011 p. guguanensis liu et al. 2013 p. hydrolytica zhou et al. 2020 "p. indoloxydans" manickam et al. 2008 p. khazarica tarhriz et al. 2020 p. mendocina palleroni 1970 (approved lists 1980) p. oleovorans lee and chandler 1941 (approved lists 1980) "p. sediminis" behera et al. 2018 "p. sihuiensis" wu et al. 2014 p. toyotomiensis hirota et al. 2011 p. oryzihabitans group p. asuensis reddy and garcia-pichel 2015 p. duriflava liu et al. 2008 p. luteola kodama et al. 1985 p. oryzihabitans kodama et al. 1985 p. rhizoryzae wang et al. 2020 p. pohangensis group p. mangrovi ye et al. 2019 p. pohangensis weon et al. 2006 p. putida group p. akappageensis corrig. morimoto et al. 2020 p. alkylphenolica mulet et al. 2015 p. alloputida keshavarz-tohid et al. 2020 p. anuradhapurensis girard et al. 2022 p. arcuscaelestis mulet et al. 2021 p. asiatica tohya et al. 2019 p. brassicae sawada et al. 2020 "p. capeferrum" berendsen et al. 2015 p. cremoricolorata uchino et al. 2002 p. defluvii qin et al. 2020 p. donghuensis gao et al. 2015 p. entomophila mulet et al. 2012 p. fakonensis girard et al. 2022 p. farsensis girard et al. 2022 p. fulva iizuka and komagata 1963 (approved lists 1980) p. guariconensis toro et al. 2013 p. huaxiensis qin et al. 2019 "p. hunanensis" gao et al. 2014 "p. hutmensis" xiang et al. 2019 p. inefficax keshavarz-tohid et al. 2019 p. japonica pungrasmi et al. 2008 p. juntendi tohya et al. 2019 p. kermanshahensis girard et al. 2022 p. kurunegalensis girard et al. 2022 p. laurentiana wright et al. 2019 p. maumuensis girard et al. 2022 p. monteilii elomari et al. 1997 p. mosselii dabboussi et al. 2002 p. muyukensis girard et al. 2022 p. oryzicola girard et al. 2022 "p. oryziphila" yang et al. 2021 p. palmensis gutierrez-albanchez et al. 2022 p. parafulva uchino et al. 2002 p. peradeniyensis girard et al. 2022 p. persica keshavarz-tohid et al. 2020 p. plecoglossicida nishimori et al. 2000 p. promysalinigenes girard et al. 2022 p. putida (trevisan 1889) migula 1895 (approved lists 1980) "p. pyomelaminifaciens" chakraborty et al. "p. qingdaonensis" wang et al. 2019 p. reidholzensis frasson et al. 2017 p. shirazensis girard et al. 2022 p. shirazica keshavarz-tohid et al. 2020 p. sichuanensis qin et al. 2019 p. soli pascual et al. 2015 p. taiwanensis wang et al. 2010 p. tructae oh et al. 2019 p. urmiensis girard et al. 2022 "p. vlassakiae" girard et al. 2021 p. vranovensis tvrzová et al. 2006 p. wadenswilerensis frasson et al. 2017 "p. wayambapalatensis" girard et al. 2021 p. xantholysinigenes girard et al. 2022 p. xanthosomatis corrig. girard et al. 2022 p. resinovorans group p. furukawaii kimura et al. 2018 p. lalkuanensis thorat et al. 2020 p. mangiferae anurat et al. 2019 p. otitidis clark et al. 2006 p. resinovorans delaporte et al. 1961 (approved lists 1980) p. rhizosphaerae group p. baltica gieschler et al. 2021 p. coleopterorum menéndez et al. 2015 "p. eucalypticola" liu et al. 2021 p. rhizosphaerae peix et al. 2003 p. straminea group p. argentinensis peix et al. 2005 p. daroniae bueno-gonzalez et al. 2019 p. dryadis bueno-gonzalez et al. 2019 p. flavescens hildebrand et al. 1994 p. punonensis ramos et al. 2013 p. seleniipraecipitans corrig. hunter and manter 2011 p. straminea corrig. iizuka and komagata 1963 (approved lists 1980) p. stutzeri group p. azotifigens hatayama et al. 2005 p. balearica bennasar et al. 1996 p. chloritidismutans wolterink et al. 2002 p. kirkiae bueno-gonzalez et al. 2020 p. nitrititolerans peng et al. 2019 p. nosocomialis mulet et al. 2019 "p. saudiphocaensis" azhar et al. 2017 "p. songnenensis" zhang et al. 2015 p. stutzeri (lehmann and neumann 1896) sijderius 1946 (approved lists 1980) p. urumqiensis zou et al. 2019 p. xanthomarina romanenko et al. 2005 p. zhaodongensis zhang et al. 2015 p. syringae group "p. alliivorans" zhao et al. 2021 p. amygdali psallidas and panagopoulos 1975 (approved