drug release was that at the ph of the vitreous humor the drug took two weeks to release half of the drug, while took only two days, when in a lysosomal ph. pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on this bioconjugate system and revealed that dexamethasone was released in the vitreous humor and that it remained for sixteen days and that a substantial amount of the bioconjugate left the vitreous humor intact. overall the studies regarding pullulan bioconjugates for the application in intravitreal injections demonstrate that pullulan can provide sustained release as well as allow the drug to reach the retina. other applications pullulan has many other applications and this section will list some additional applications not covered previously in this article. pullulan can be used as a scaffold material for stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells. pullulan can be conjugated with photosensitive molecules in order to be used with photodynamic therapy. pullulan can be modified to be a contrast agent for mri in multiple ways such as oxidation, iron-oxide conjugates, and cation conjugates. pullulan has been thiolated in order to generate mucoadhesive properties. this mucoadhesive system has been further modified by polyaminating pullulan to provide sustained drug release. a study developed a transdermal pullulan system that is capable of delivering rivastigmine tartarate in response to external electrical stimuli. pullulan systems can be loaded with a plethora of different drugs including anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and antiglycemic drugs. pullulan systems can be used to treat heart conditions through the delivery of beta blockers and inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme. pullulan can also be utilized in regards to bone disease as they can be used to deliver bisphosphonates and can help to image bone regeneration through mri.