cascade, inflammatory and immune responses, including the complement system, proteolysis inhibitors, acute-phase response proteins, and the lps-binding protein, heme and iron metabolism, platelet regulation, vitamin binding and general transport. research high levels of lipoprotein(a) are a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases via mechanisms associated with inflammation and thrombosis. the links of mechanisms between different lipoprotein isoforms and risk for cardiovascular diseases, lipoprotein synthesis, regulation, and metabolism, and related risks for genetic diseases are under active research, as of 2022.