medial vestibulospinal tract medial vestibulospinal tract the medial vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial funiculus of the spinal cord. it is found only in the cervical spine and above. medial vestibulospinal tractvestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center.diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.detailsidentifierslatintractus vestibulospinalis medialista98a14.1.02.207ta26114fma75798anatomical terms of neuroanatomy the medial part of the vestibulospinal tract is the smaller part, and is primarily made of fibers from the medial vestibular nucleus. it projects bilaterally down the spinal cord and triggers the ventral horn of the cervical spinal circuits, particularly controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve (cn xi). additionally, the pathway projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of cn vi and iii. through this superior projection, the medial vestibulospinal tract is involved in "yoking" the eyes together in response to rapid movement of the head. thus, cumulatively it controls head and whole body orientation. the spinal cordgeneral features cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement conus medullaris filum terminale cauda equina meninges central canal terminal ventricle grey columnsposterior grey column marginal nucleus substantia gelatinosa of rolando nucleus proprius rexed lamina v rexed lamina vi lateral grey column intermediolateral nucleus posterior thoracic nucleus anterior grey column interneuron alpha motor neuron onuf's nucleus gamma motor neuron other rexed laminae central gelatinous substance gray commissure white mattersensoryposterior posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway gracile cuneate lateral spinocerebellar dorsal ventral spinothalamic lateral anterior posterolateral spinotectal anterior spinoreticular tract spino-olivary tract motorlateral corticospinal lateral extrapyramidal rubrospinal raphespinal reticulospinal hypothalamospinal anterior corticospinal anterior extrapyramidal vestibulospinal reticulospinal tectospinal raphespinal olivospinal both anterior white commissure external features ventral anterior median fissure anterolateral sulcus dorsal posterior median sulcus posterolateral sulcus anatomy of the ponsdorsal/(tegmentum)surface cerebellopontine angle superior medullary velum sulcus limitans medial eminence facial colliculus white: sensory trapezoid body trigeminal lemniscus dorsal trigeminal tract ventral trigeminal tract medial lemniscus lateral lemniscus central tegmental tract medial longitudinal fasciculus vestibulo-oculomotor fibers white: motor inferior cerebellar peduncle vestibulocerebellar tract medial longitudinal fasciculus vestibulospinal tract medial vestibulospinal tract lateral vestibulospinal tract grey: cranial nucleiafferent: gsa trigeminal principal spinal cochlear nucleus dorsal anterior vestibular nuclei superior efferent: sve: trigeminal motor nucleus facial motor nucleus gse: abducens nucleus gve: superior salivary nucleus inferior salivary nucleus grey: other nuclei pedunculopontine nucleus apneustic center pneumotaxic center parabrachial nuclei subparabrachial nucleus medial parabrachial nucleus lateral parabrachial nucleus superior olivary nucleus locus coeruleus ventral/(base)grey pontine nuclei white: motor/descending corticospinal tract corticobulbar tract corticopontine fibers mcp pontocerebellar fibers surface basilar sulcus other grey: raphe/reticular reticular formation caudal oral tegmental paramedian raphe nuclei median brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculisensorydcml1°: pacinian corpuscle/meissner's corpuscle → posterior column (gracile fasciculus/cuneate fasciculus) → gracile nucleus/cuneate nucleus 2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (posterior external arcuate fibers, internal arcuate fibers) → medial lemniscus/trigeminal lemniscus → thalamus (vpl, vpm) 3°: → posterior limb of internal capsule → postcentral gyrus anterolateral/painfast/lateral 1° (free nerve ending → a delta fiber) → 2° (anterior white commissure → lateral and anterior spinothalamic tract → spinal lemniscus → vpl of thalamus) → 3° (postcentral gyrus) → 4° (posterior parietal cortex) 2° (spinomesencephalic tract → superior colliculus of midbrain tectum) slow/medial 1° (group c nerve fiber → spinoreticular tract → reticular formation) → 2° (md of thalamus) → 3° (cingulate cortex) motorpyramidal flexion: primary motor cortex → posterior limb of internal capsule → decussation of pyramids → corticospinal tract (lateral, anterior) → neuromuscular junction extrapyramidalflexion: primary motor cortex → genu of internal capsule → corticobulbar tract → facial motor nucleus → facial muscles flexion: red nucleus → rubrospinal tract extension: vestibulocerebellum → vestibular nuclei → vestibulospinal tract extension: vestibulocerebellum → reticular formation → reticulospinal tract midbrain tectum → tectospinal tract → muscles of neck basal gangliadirect:1° (motor cortex → striatum) → 2° (gpi) → 3° (lenticular fasciculus/ansa lenticularis → thalamic fasciculus → vl of thalamus) → 4° (thalamocortical radiations → supplementary motor area) → 5° (motor cortex)indirect:1° (motor cortex → striatum) → 2° (gpe) → 3° (subthalamic fasciculus → subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (subthalamic fasciculus → gpi) → 5° (lenticular fasciculus/ansa lenticularis → thalamic fasciculus → vl of thalamus) → 6° (thalamocortical radiations → supplementary motor area) → 7° (motor cortex)nigrostriatal pathway: pars compacta → striatum cerebellarafferent vestibular nuclei → vestibulocerebellar tract → icp → cerebellum → granule cell pontine nuclei → pontocerebellar fibers → mcp → deep cerebellar nuclei → granule cell inferior olivary nucleus → olivocerebellar tract → icp → hemisphere → purkinje cell → deep cerebellar nuclei efferent dentate nucleus in lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → scp → dentatothalamic tract → thalamus (vl) → motor cortex interposed nucleus in intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → scp → reticular formation, or → cerebellothalamic tract → red nucleus → thalamus (vl) → motor cortex fastigial nucleus in flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → vestibulocerebellar tract → vestibular nuclei bidirectional:spinocerebellarunconscious proprioception lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → drg) → 2° (posterior thoracic nucleus → dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → icp → cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → drg) → 2° (accessory cuneate nucleus → cuneocerebellar tract → icp → anterior lobe of cerebellum) reflex arc lower limb → 1° (golgi tendon organ) → 2° (ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ scp → cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (golgi tendon organ) → 2° (rostral spinocerebellar tract → icp → cerebellum) physiology of balance and hearinghearinggeneral auditory system bone conduction otoacoustic emission tullio phenomenon pathway inner ear: hair cells → spiral ganglion → cochlear nerve viii → pons: cochlear nucleus (anterior, dorsal) → trapezoid body → superior olivary nuclei → midbrain: lateral lemniscus → inferior colliculi → thalamus: medial geniculate nuclei → cerebrum: acoustic radiation → primary auditory cortex balancegeneral vestibular system pathway inner ear: vestibular nerve viii → pons: vestibular nuclei (medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus) cerebellum: flocculonodular lobe spinal cord: vestibulospinal tract (medial vestibulospinal tract, lateral vestibulospinal tract) thalamus: ventral posterolateral nucleus cerebrum: vestibular cortex vestibulo-oculomotor fibers authority control terminologia anatomica this article is issued from wikipedia. the text is licensed under creative commons - attribution - sharealike. additional terms may apply for the media files.