sanitation, water supply and hygiene education using a community-based approach and low cost appropriate technologies. it works closely with nigerian ngos, including the benue ngo network (bengonet), society for water and sanitation in nigeria (newsan), justice development and peace initiative (jdpi), community based development – ngo (cbd-ngo), women empowerment in nigeria (wein) and the bol development association (bolda). it works in over 100 communities in the states of bauchi, benue and plateau. it has developed a vulnerability ranking, based on criteria suggested by communities themselves, to help communities in selecting themselves where resources should be allocated. such a participatory and transparent decision-making process is of particular importance in a context of low trust and poor governance. in january 2012, it has been tasked by the government with the task of facilitating monitoring and evaluation of government water, sanitation and hygiene projects in nigeria. according to the minister of water resources, president goodluck jonathan is interested in an independent assessment of sector performance and ngos are well placed to undertake this task. world bank the world bank has completed seven water projects since 1985 and had three on-going projects in 2010. total investment for the 10 projects is about us$1.4 billion. the first urban water reform project (us$120 million) targets 13 towns in the states of kaduna, ogun and enugu. the project also aims to establish state water policies, and to foster the engagement with the private sector. the second urban water reform project worth us$200 million, supports the extension of the piped network in calabar, and the rehabilitation of water treatment plants and distribution systems in lagos as well as another three towns in cross river state. under a privatization project, the federal capital territory (fct) water board is being assisted with us$25 million. in 2012, the world bank approved a us$400 million national urban water sector reform project for the following states; lagos, kaduna, ogun, enugu and cross river states. in 2021, the world bank approved a loan for $700 million for water and sanitation as part of a programme called surwash