interventions 2009 sir leszek borysiewicz, prevention is better than cure 2010 sir john bell, redefining disease 2011 iona heath, divided we fail 2012 sir richard peto, halving premature death 2013 dame kay davies, the era of genomic medicine 2014 sir john gurdon, stem cells and cell replacement 2015 sir mark walport, medicine, science and values 2016 sir stephen o'rahilly, some observations on the causes and consequences of obesity 2017 chris whitty triumphs and challenges in a world shaped by medicine 2018 mary dixon-woods improving quality and safety in health care 2019 sir john burn prediction and prevention in the genomic era 2020 peter j. ratcliffe, elucidation of molecular oxygen-sensing mechanisms in human cells: implications for medicine 2021 jonathan van-tam moving forwards, understanding backwards: respiratory virus vaccines, therapeutics, and public health policy 2022 dame anne johnson pandemic hiv and its legacy for medicine and global health notes hurst, a. (1937). 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