frederick county. only two of the three cases announced by howard county on march 16 were added to the mdh's total figure for the day. the additional case announced by baltimore mayor jack young was also not included in the totals. the official figure from the mdh was now 57. hogan announced an executive order that postponed the maryland primary elections. a series of restrictions and cuts surrounding transportation were also announced on march 17. for the first time since the civil war, the maryland general assembly's annual session ended early, due to coronavirus concerns. the session, which usually runs for 90 days, was ended three weeks earlier than normal on march 18. in the time before the session was hurriedly ended, many coronavirus legislation measures were passed, including the authorization to draw up to $100 million from the "rainy day" fund and extending temporary unemployment benefits for workers who are either quarantined or whose jobs are closed temporarily. the assembly also passed legislation that makes price gouging and firing workers for being quarantined illegal in the state. all legislation would have to be signed by governor hogan to be made law, but would take effect immediately. a prince george's county man in his 60s was announced to be the first death in maryland on march 18. the man contracted the coronavirus through community transmission and had an underlying health problem. on the morning of march 19, hogan announced that all shopping centers and entertainment venues were to close as of 5:00 pm that day, stating "this is a race against time" and he's doing everything he can to "avoid shutting down society". he also announced access to the bwi airport terminals would be restricted to employees, ticketed passengers, and visitors assisting disabled passengers. on march 23, hogan ordered all non-essential businesses in the state to close effective at 5:00 pm monday to prevent further spread of covid-19. he also announced initiatives to provide relief to small businesses and employees. on march 25, the maryland superintendent of schools, dr. karen b. salmon, announced the extension of the maryland school closure from march 30 to april 26, adding on an extra 4 weeks to the school cancellation. on march 29, the number of confirmed covid-19 cases in maryland continued to rise, reaching over 1,000. deaths also continued. on march 30, governor hogan issued a mandatory stay-at-home order, effective beginning at 8:00 pm edt that evening. the governor also required all individuals who have recently traveled out of the state to self quarantine for 14 days. violation of the order would be punishable by a prison sentence of up to one year and/or a $5,000 fine. a wireless alert was also sent to all mobile devices in the state. virginia's governor ralph northam and the district of columbia's mayor muriel bowser issued similar orders on the same day (see covid-19 pandemic in virginia and in washington, d.c.). on april 2, maryland confirmed cases of covid-19 surpassed 2,000 to at least 2,331, 346 new from the previous day; five more people had died, bringing the state's death toll to 36. of the total confirmed cases, 71% were patients younger than 60. in a request to the federal government, maryland state asked for more than a million masks, gloves and face shields, and 15,000 body bags. per released fema documents, the state received 138 of 200 requested ventilators, about a third of the 778,129 face masks it requested, just 110,240 of the 421,532 n95 respirator masks it sought, well fewer than half of the 330,540 requested gloves and none of the 100,000 testing swabs it hoped to acquire to test for the virus, nor their requested body bags. "overall, the oversight committee said fema had distributed fewer than 10% of the n95 masks and less than 1% of gloves sought collectively by maryland, delaware, the district of columbia, pennsylvania, virginia, and west virginia." on april 15, governor hogan announced an executive order requiring masks or face coverings in all maryland grocery stores and pharmacies and on public transportation, effective on april 18, 7:00 am. on april 17, state superintendent of schools dr. karen salmon, after extensive consultation with the state board of education and leading public health experts in the state, extended the closure of schools through may 15. on april 18, governor larry hogan announced the state had purchased 500,000 test kits for $9.46 million from south korea. a korean air jet arrived at baltimore-washington international airport with the delivery from labgenomics. however they turned out to be flawed and were never used. the hogan administration quietly paid the same south korean company another $2.5 million for 500,000 replacement tests. on april 24, hogan announced his "maryland strong: roadmap to recovery" to slowly lift restrictions and open businesses. the roadmap is a three-stage plan using federal guidelines, national governors association guidance, and aei and johns hopkins reports. on may 1, hogan announced a centers for disease control field team was dispatched to wicomico county to increase testing in the area due to the increase of covid-19 among poultry workers. wicomico county had the fourth highest covid-19 case rate in the state, per capita, higher than both baltimore baltimore city and county. a two-day drive thru testing site was set up at arthur w. perdue stadium to focus on poultry workers. on may 6, hogan announced that effective may 7, safe outdoor activities are allowed such as golf, tennis, boating, fishing, camping, and other activities, although he cautioned that it was still "critical for marylanders to continue practicing physical distancing." additionally, the maryland department of health (mdh) issued guidelines to allow elective procedures to resume at the discretion of local hospitals and health care providers. state superintendent of schools dr. karen salmon announced the closure of all maryland public schools for the remainder of the 2019 - 2020 academic school year. on may 15, effective at 5:00 pm the "stay-at-home" order was lifted and limited non-essential businesses reopened. however, some jurisdictions continued their "stay-at-home" restrictions including baltimore city, montgomery and prince george's counties.customers lined up outside ace hardware in baltimore practicing social distancing. on june 3, hogan announced stage 2 of the reopening plan would be effective june 5 at 5:00 pm. on july 29, hogan expanded his previous face covering order. effective july 31 at 5:00 pm everyone older than 5 years old must wear face coverings inside all buildings where the public has access, on any public transportation, outside when unable to socially distance, obtaining healthcare services, engaged in work in any area where interaction with others is likely (including commercial office space), and where food is prepared and/or packaged. on august 16, the state became the 19th state to surpass 100,000 cases. on september 1, hogan placed the state in stage 3, effective september 4 at 5:00 pm. on november 10, hogan implemented restrictions, some similar to stage 2, effective november 11 at 5:00 pm. restaurants will be limited to 50% capacity, from 75%. indoor gatherings of more than 25 people are strongly discouraged. remote work became mandatory for state employees who were able to do so. the restrictions were imposed on the same day stephen decatur high school in berlin md moved back to distance learning effective november 11 as a result of positive covid-19 cases on school. baltimore and montgomery county imposed even stricter measures. on november 17, hogan implemented additional restrictions, similar to stage 2, effective november 20 at 5:00 pm. restaurants will be required to close at 10:00 pm each evening for dine in service. retail, organizations, religious organizations, fitness centers, and similar will be restricted to 50% capacity. hospital and nursing home visitation is suspended. on december 1, governor hogan made numerous medical staffing announcements, including the launch of marylandmednow, a portal to recruit medical job seekers, urging colleges and universities to award credit to those with hand-on work experience in healthcare during the pandemic and allowing early graduation for those who have met all graduation requirements and are in their final semester. on december 14, the first doses of covid-19 vaccines began to arrive in maryland. on december 17, governor hogan implemented additional restrictions including reducing gatherings from 25 to 10 persons, advising against out of state travel, and adding required testing or quarantine after out of state travel. on january 1, 2021, maryland reported the second second-highest tally for new daily coronavirus cases since the pandemic began, at 3,557. on january 12, 2021, two confirmed cases of a new, more contagious sars-cov-2 variant from the united kingdom were reported in maryland. the patients are a married couple in anne arundel county, one of whom had a traveling history to the united kingdom. on june 15, 2021, governor hogan announced that maryland's covid-19 state of emergency will end on july 1, 2021. as of that date all remaining state level restrictions, including mask requirements in schools and medical facilities, will end. on december 4, 2021, the maryland department of health had a "network security incident" which stopped covid-19 data reporting to the public. while the data reporting was unavailable, anne arundel county health officer dr. nilesh kalyanaraman said, "it's kind of like our vision is a little fuzzy, right? we don't know the case rate." during this time, hospitals in maryland neared capacity. reopening stages on april 24, 2020, governor larry hogan announced his "maryland strong: roadmap to recover" plan that illustrates three stages in re-opening the state. the plan uses federal guidelines, national governors association guidance, and aei and johns hopkins reports. stage 1 (may 2020) variable-message sign along interstate 95 in harford county announcing the safer-at-home advisory and encouraging mask wearing stage 1 involves reopening activities considered low risk. effective friday, may 15, 2020, at 5:00 pm hogan lifted the "stay at home" order, more than 45 days after the order was initially announced. "the fight against this deadly disease is far from over" but "maryland and our nation can now at least begin to slowly recover," hogan said. although the stay at home order was lifted, the state would be moving instead toward a safer-at-home public health advisory. hogan encouraged residents to practice social distancing and to continuing to wear face coverings when inside stores or on public transportation, as outlined in his previous face covering order. certain businesses reopened on may 15, including most retail establishments (at 50% capacity or less, and not enclosed shopping malls), manufacturing operations, religious facilities (at 50% capacity), personal services including barber shops and salons (at 50% capacity). all businesses opening are subject to local regulation. gatherings larger than 10 persons remain prohibited. restaurants, bars, fitness centers, theaters, malls, other non-essential businesses, and other recreational facilities remain closed. howard and frederick counties enacted modified version of the first stage. baltimore city, montgomery and prince george's counties continued their stay-at-home restrictions. montgomery & prince george's counties started stage 1 on june 1, 2020. baltimore city did not start stage 1 until june 8, 2020 - by which point many other places of the state were already in stage 2. with various counties initiating the rollout of stage 1 in different ways and at different times. many residents of the state were unsure what applied to where they lived. frederick county chamber of commerce president and ceo rick weldon described the roll out of stage one as "slightly confusing." effective friday, may 29, 2020, at 5:00 pm hogan initiated the final reopenings in stage 1. it included outdoor dining for restaurants and social organizations - such as american legion, elk clubs, or vfws. additionally, youth sports, youth day camps, outdoor pools and drive-in movie theaters were included. restaurants must follow all public health requirements outlined by the centers for disease control and prevention, food and drug administration, and the national restaurant association, including things such as maintaining appropriate distance, limited seating, and proper sanitizing between customers. limited outdoor gym and fitness classes, and limited outdoor religious gatherings were also permitted to resume. stage 2 (june 2020) stage 2 involves reopening activities considered medium risk. effective friday, june 5, 2020, at 5:00 pm hogan announced the state will begin moving into stage 2, allowing many nonessential businesses to reopen, and state agencies will return to normal operations the following monday. hogan said in a press conference, "moving