brain-wasting, and senile decay, have a special tendency to induce weeping.: 156 terminology historically, there have been a variety of terms used for the disorder, including pseudobulbar affect, pathological laughter and crying, emotional lability, emotionalism, emotional dysregulation, or more recently, involuntary emotional expression disorder. the term pseudobulbar (pseudo- + bulbar) came from the idea that the symptoms seemed similar to those caused by a bulbar lesion (that is, a lesion in the medulla oblongata). terms such as forced crying, involuntary crying, pathological emotionality, and emotional incontinence have also been used, although less frequently. in popular culture arthur fleck, the central character of the 2019 film joker, displays signs of pseudobulbar affect, which are said to be what joaquin phoenix used as inspiration for his character's signature laugh. the joker's laugh in the 2019 movie parasite, the character ki-woo sustains head trauma, and although it is not clearly mentioned that he's affected by pseudobulbar affect, he mentions not being able to stop laughing when thinking about all the events that occur in the movie. in the 2020 movie naan sirithal, the character gandhi (hiphop tamizha aadhi) suffers from pseudobulbar affect due to all the stress he suffers from various parts of his life gets accumulated and starts to laugh uncontrollably. in the medical television show house, season 7, episode 8 ("small sacrifices"), the character ramon silva, played by kuno becker displays pseudobulbar affect, with uncontrollable incongruent laughter, while having the marburg variety of multiple sclerosis. in season 3, episode 9 of the good fight, the character brenda decarlo, an external auditor, displays pseudobulbar affect, with uncontrollable incongruent laughter.