observer-blind study in healthy 18-75 year-olds.apr 2021 – oct 2021, india kd-414km biologics co japan inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase ii–iii (2,000)multicenter, open-label, non-randomized.oct 2021 – mar 2023, japan phase i–ii (210)randomized, double blind, placebo control, parallel group.mar 2021 – dec 2022, japan lyb001yantai patronus biotech co., ltd china virus-like particle phase ii–iii (1,900)phase ii: randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled phase iii: single-armed, open-label expanded.jan 2022 – mar 2023, laos phase i (100)randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled.dec 2021 – feb 2022, laos aks-452akston biosciences, university medical center groningen netherlands subunit phase ii–iii (1,600)randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-centre, adaptive, seamless bridging.oct 2021–dec 2022, india phase i–ii (112)non-randomized, single-center, open-label, combinatorial.apr–sep 2021, netherlands ag0302-covid‑19anges inc., amed japan dna vaccine (plasmid) phase ii–iii (500)randomized, double-blind, placebo controllednov 2020 – apr 2021, japan phase i–ii (30)randomized/non-randomized, single-center, two dosesjun–nov 2020, osaka 202-covshanghai zerun biotechnology co., ltd., walvax biotech china subunit (spike protein (cho cell) 202-cov with cpg / alum adjuvant) phase ii (1,056)randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled.july–dec 2021, china phase i (144)randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled.july–dec 2021, china vaxart covid-19 vaccinevaxart united states viral vector phase ii (896)double-blind, multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging.oct 2021 – mar 2022, united states phase i (83)phase ia (35): double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, first-in-human. phase ib (48): multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.sep 2020 – aug 2021, united states ptx-covid19-bprovidence therapeutics canada rna phase ii (890)randomized, double-dummy, observer-blind.aug 2021–feb 2022, canada phase i (60)first-in-human, observer-blinded, randomized, placebo controlled.jan–may 2021, canada unnamedningbo rong’an biological pharmaceutical co., ltd. china inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase ii (600)randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.oct 2021 – mar 2022, china phase i (150)randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.aug – oct 2021, china unnamedtsinghua university, tianjin medical university, walvax biotech china viral vector phase ii (360)jul–nov 2021, china phase i (60)may–jun 2021, china inna-051ena respiratory australia viral vector phase ii (423)randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.mar – dec 2022, australia phase i (124)randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled.jun – oct 2021, australia mrna-1283moderna united states rna phase ii (420)randomized, stratified, observer-blind.dec 2021 – jan 2023, united states phase i (106)randomized, observer-blind, dose-ranging study.mar 2021 – apr 2022, united states unnamedihsan gursel, scientific and technological research council of turkey turkey virus-like particle phase ii (330)randomized, parallel dose assigned, double blind, multi center.jun – sep 2021, turkey phase i (36)double-blinded, randomised, placebo controlled.mar – may 2021, turkey coh04s1geovax, city of hope medical center united states viral vector phase ii (240)multi-center, observer-blinded, eua vaccine-controlled, randomized.aug 2021 – jun 2023, california phase i (129)dose escalation study.dec 2020 – nov 2022, california abncov2bavarian nordic. radboud university nijmegen denmark, netherlands virus-like particle phase ii (210)single center, sequential dose-escalation, open labelled trial.aug–dec 2021, germany phase i (42)single center, sequential dose-escalation, open labelled trial.mar–dec 2021, netherlands scb-2020sclover biopharmaceuticals china subunit phase i–ii (150)randomized, controlled, observer-blind.aug 2021 – apr 2022, australia preclinical sctv01csinocelltech china subunit phase i–ii (1,712)540+420+752=1,712: multicenter, randomized, double-blinded trial.aug 2021 – jun 2023, china preclinical ndv-hxp-s (butanvac, covivac, hxp-gpovac, patria) icahn school of medicine at mount sinai, institute of vaccines and medical biologicals, butantan institute, laboratorio avimex, national council of science and technology, mahidol university, university of texas at austin brazil, mexico, thailand, united states, vietnam newcastle disease virus (ndv) vector (expressing the spike protein of sars-cov-2, with or without the adjuvant cpg 1018)/inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase i–ii (12,750)randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind.mar 2021 – may 2022; brazil (5,394), mexico (phase i: 90, phase ii: 396), thailand (460), united states (phase i: 35), vietnam (495) preclinical stemirna covid-19 vaccinestemirna therapeutics co. ltd. china rna phase i–ii (880)phase i (240): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. phase i/ii (640): open-label.mar 2021–feb 2022, china (phase i), lao (phase i/ii) preclinical arct-021arcturus therapeutics, duke–nus medical school united states, singapore rna phase i–ii (798)phase i/ii (92): randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlledphase ii (600): randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, multiregional, multicenter trial in healthy adults to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity.phase iia (106): open label extension trial to assess the safety and long-term immunogenicity by giving single-dose vaccine to the participants from the parent study that received placebo or were seronegative at screening.aug 2020 – apr 2022, singapore, united states (phase iia) preclinical unnamedpt bio farma indonesia subunit phase i–ii (780)observer-blind, randomized, controlled.oct 2021 – jan 2022, indonesia preclinical vbi-2902variation biotechnologies united states virus-like particle phase i (141)randomized, observer-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlledmar 2021 – nov 2022, canada preclinical icc vaccine novavax united states subunit phase i–ii (640)randomized, observer-blinded.sep 2021 – mar 2022, australia preclinical eucorvac-19eubiologics co south korea subunit (spike protein using the recombinant protein technology and with an adjuvant) phase i–ii (280)dose-exploration, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlledfeb 2021 – mar 2022, the philipppines (phase ii), south korea (phase i/ii) preclinical phh-1vhipra spain subunit phase i–ii (286)phase i/iia (30): randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, dose-escalation. phase iib (256): randomized, controlled, observer-blinded.aug–dec 2021, spain (phase i/iia), vietnam (phase iib) preclinical rbd sars-cov-2 hbsag vlpspybiotech united kingdom virus-like particle phase i–ii (280)randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center.aug 2020 – ?, australia preclinical av-covid-19aivita biomedical, inc., ministry of health (indonesia) united states, indonesia dendritic cell vaccine (autologous dendritic cells previously loaded ex vivo with sars-cov-2 spike protein, with or without gm-csf) phase i–ii (202)adaptive.dec 2020 – feb 2022, indonesia (phase i), united states (phase i/ii) preclinical covid-evaxtakis biotech italy dna phase i–ii (160)multicenter, open label.phase i: first-in-human, dose escalation.phase ii: single arm or two arms, randomized, dose expansion.feb–sep 2021, italy preclinical bbv154bharat biotech india adenovirus vector (intranasal) phase i–ii (375)phase i (175): randomized, double-blinded, multicenter. phase ii (200): randomized, double blind, multicenter.mar 2021–?, india preclinical vb10.2129 and vb10.2210 nykode therapeutics norway dna phase i–ii (160)open label, dose escalation.oct 2021–jun 2022, norway preclinical chulacov19chulalongkorn university thailand rna phase i–ii (72)phase 1 (72): single-center, dose-escalation, first in human study in 2 age groups: 18-55 years-old and 56-75 years-old.phase 2: multi-center, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity in healthy adults between 18-75 years old.may-september 2021, thailand preclinical covid‑19/aapcshenzhen genoimmune medical institute china lentiviral vector (with minigene modifying aapcs) phase i (100)single group, open-label study to evaluate safety and immunity.feb 2020 – jul 2023, shenzhen preclinical lv-smenp-dcshenzhen genoimmune medical institute china lentiviral vector (with minigene modifying dcs) phase i–ii (100)single-group, open label, multi-center study to evaluate safety and efficacy.mar 2020 – jul 2023, shenzhen preclinical immunitybio covid-19 vaccine (had5)immunitybio united states viral vector phase i–ii (540)phase 1/2 study of the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a subcutaneously- and orally- administered supplemental spike & nucleocapsid-targeted covid-19 vaccine to enhance t cell based immunogenicity in participants who have already received prime + boost vaccines authorized for emergency use.oct 2020 – sep 2021, south africa, united states preclinical covacvido (university of saskatchewan) canada subunit (spike protein + swe adjuvant) phase i (120)randomized, observer-blind, dose-escalation.feb 2021 – apr 2023, brazil halifax preclinical covi-vac (cdx-005)codagenix inc. united states attenuated phase i (48)first-in-human, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalationdec 2020 – jun 2021, united kingdom preclinical cov2 sam (lnp)gsk united kingdom rna phase i (40)open-label, dose escalation, non-randomizedfeb–jun 2021, united states preclinical covigenbionet asia, technovalia, university of sydney australia, thailand dna phase i (150)double-blind, dose-ranging, randomised, placebo-controlled.feb 2021 – jun 2022, australia, thailand preclinical mv-014-212meissa vaccine inc. united states attenuated phase i (130)randomized, double-blinded, multicenter.mar 2021 – oct 2022, united states preclinical kbp-201kentucky bioprocessing united states subunit phase i–ii (180)first-in-human, observer-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel groupdec 2020 – may 2022, united states preclinical adcld-cov19cellid co south korea viral vector phase i–ii (150)phase i: dose escalation, single center, open.phase iia: multicenter, randomized, open.dec 2020 – jul 2021, south korea preclinical adimrsc-2fadimmune corporation taiwan subunit (recombinant rbd +/− aluminium) phase i–ii (310)phase i (70): randomized, single center, open-label, dose-finding. phase i/ii (240): placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, dose-finding.aug 2020–sep 2022, indonesia (phase i/ii), taiwan (phase i) preclinical gls-5310geneone life science inc. south korea dna phase i–ii (345)multicenter, randomized, combined phase i dose-escalation and phase iia double-blind.dec 2020 – jul 2022, south korea preclinical covigenix vax-001entos pharmaceuticals inc. canada dna phase i–ii (72)placebo-controlled, randomized, observer-blind, dose ranging adaptive.mar–aug 2021, canada preclinical nbp2001sk bioscience co. ltd. south korea subunit (recombinant protein with adjuvanted with alum) phase i (50)placebo-controlled, randomized, observer-blinded, dose-escalation.dec 2020 – apr 2021, south korea preclinical covac-1university of tübingen germany subunit (peptide) phase i–ii (104)phase i (36): placebo-controlled, randomized, observer-blinded, dose-escalation. phase i/ii (68): b-pvac-sars-cov-2: phase i/ii multicenter safety and immunogenicity trial of multi-peptide vaccination to prevent covid-19 infection in adults with bcell/ antibody deficiency.nov 2020 – feb 2022, germany preclinical bactrl-spikesymvivo canada dna phase i (24)randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled.nov 2020 – feb 2022, australia preclinical chadv68-s (sam-lnp-s)niaid, gritstone oncology united states viral vector phase i (150)open-label, dose and age escalation, parallel design.mar 2021 – sep 2022, united states preclinical spfn covid-19 vaccineunited states army medical research and development command united states subunit phase i (72)randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.apr 2021 – oct 2022, united states preclinical mva-sars-2-s (mva-sars-2-st)university medical center hamburg-eppendorf germany viral vector phase i–ii (270)phase i (30): open, single-center.phase ib/iia (240): multi-center, randomized controlled.oct 2020 – mar 2022, germany preclinical koçak-19 inaktif adjuvanlı covid-19 vaccinekocak farma turkey inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase i (38)phase 1 study for the determination of safety and immunogenicity of different strengths of koçak-19 inaktif adjuvanlı covid-19 vaccine, given twice intramuscularly to healthy volunteers, in a placebo controlled study design.mar–jun 2021, turkey preclinical cov2-ogen1syneos health, us specialty formulations united states subunit phase i (45)first-in-humanjun–dec 2021, new zealand preclinical covepitose immunotherapeutics france subunit phase i (48)randomized, open label.apr–sept 2021, france preclinical hdt-301 (qtp104)hdt biotech corporation, senai cimatec, quartis brazil, south korea, united states rna phase i (189)phase i (90+63+36): randomized, open-label, dose-escalation.aug 2021–jul 2023, brazil, south korea, united states preclinical sc-ad6-1tetherex pharmaceuticals united states viral vector phase i (40)first-in-human, open-label, single ascending dose and multidose.jun–dec 2021, australia preclinical unnamedosman erganis, scientific and technological research council of turkey turkey inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase i (50)phase i study evaluating the safety and efficacy of the protective adjuvanted inactivated vaccine developed against sars-cov-2 in healthy participants, administered as two injections subcutaneously in two different dosages.apr–oct 2021, turkey preclinical exg-5003elixirgen therapeutics, fujita health university japan, united states rna phase i–ii (60)first in human, randomized, placebo-controlled.apr 2021 – jan 2023, japan preclinical ivx-411icosavax, seqirus inc. united states virus-like particle phase i–ii (168)phase i/ii (84): randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled.jun 2021–2022, australia preclinical qazcovac-presearch institute for biological safety problems kazakhstan subunit phase i–ii (244)phase i: randomized, blind, placebo-controlled.phase ii: randomized, open phase.jun – dec 2021, kazakhstan preclinical lnp-ncov sarna-02mrc/uvri & lshtm uganda research unit uganda rna phase i (42)a clinical trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of lnp-ncov sarna-02, a self-amplifying ribonucleic acid (sarna) vaccine, in sars-cov-2 seronegative and seropositive uganda population.sep 2021 – jun 2022, uganda preclinical baiya sars-cov-2 vax 1baiya phytopharm co ltd. thailand plant-based subunit (rbd-fc + adjuvant) phase i (96)randomized, open-label, dose-finding.sep–dec 2021, thailand preclinical cvxga1cyanvac llc united states viral vector phase i (80)open-labeljuly–dec 2021, united states preclinical unnamedst. petersburg scientific research institute of vaccines and sera of russia at the federal medical biological agency russia subunit (recombinant) phase i–ii (200)jul–aug 2021, russia preclinical lvrna009liverna therapeutics inc. china rna phase i (24)july–nov 2021, china preclinical arct-165 arcturus therapeutics united states rna phase i–ii (72)randomized, observer-blind.aug 2021–mar 2023, singapore, united states preclinical bcd-250 biocad russia viral vector phase i–ii (160)randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, adaptive, seamless phase i/ii.aug 2021–aug 2022, russia preclinical covid-19-edv engeneic australia viral vector phase i (18)open label, non-randomised, dose escalation.aug 2021–jan 2022, australia preclinical covidity scancell united kingdom dna phase i (40)open-label, two-arm.sep 2021–apr 2022, south africa preclinical sii vaccine novavax united states subunit phase i–ii (240)randomized, observer-blinded, open-label.oct–nov 2021, australia preclinical eg-covid eyegene south korea mrna phase i–ii (120)phase i/iia: multi-center, open-label.feb 2022–may 2023, south korea preclinical pika covid-19 vaccine yisheng biopharma china subunit phase i (45)open-label, dose-escalation.sep–nov 2021, new zealand preclinical ad5-tricov/mac mcmaster university, canadian institutes of health research (cihr) canada viral vector phase i (30)open-label.nov 2021–jun 2023, canada preclinical unnamed university of hong kong, immuno cure 3 limited hong kong dna phase i (30)randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation.nov 2021–jun 2022, hong kong preclinical migvax-101 oravax medical israel virus-like particle phase ioct 2021–?, south africa preclinical in-b009 hk inno.n south korea subunit (recombinant protein) phase i (40)open-label, dose-escalation.sep 2021–feb 2023, south korea preclinical nano-covid emergex vaccines united kingdom subunit phase i (26)double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled, dose-finding.nov 2021–sep 2022, switzerland preclinical betuvax-cov-2 human stem cells institute russia subunit phase i–ii (170)sep 2021–?, russia preclinical covi vax national research centre egypt inactivated sars‑cov‑2 phase i (72)randomized, open-labelednov 2021–feb 2023, egypt preclinical vlpcov-01 vlp therapeutics united states mrna phase i (45)randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, first-in-human.aug 2021–jan 2023, japan preclinical grt-r910 gritstone oncology united states mrna phase i (120)a phase 1 trial to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of a self-amplifying mrna prophylactic vaccine boost against sars-cov-2