period of the circadian clock is temperature compensated, the phosphorylation of kaic can be stably entrained to a temperature cycle. the phosphorylation of kaic was successfully entrained in vitro to temperature cycles with periods between 20 and 28 hours using temperature steps from 30 °c to 45 °c and vice versa. the results reflect a phase-dependent shift in the phase of the kaic phosphorylation rhythms. the period of the circadian clock was not changed, reinforcing the temperature compensation of the clock mechanism. a 2012 study out of vanderbilt university shows evidence that kaic acts as a phospho-transferase that hands back phosphates to adp on the t432 (threonine residue at position 432) and s431 (serine residue 431) indicating that kaic effectively serves as an atp synthase. various kaic mutants have been identified and their phenotypes studied. many mutants show a change in the period of their circadian rhythms. mutationperiod wild24.8 hours e318aarrhythmic e318darrhythmic r385a36-48 hours d417a25.6 hours h429a28.0 hours i430aarrhythmic f470y17 hours s157p21 hours t42s28 hours