sexual assault perpetrated by south korean soldiers during the war. according to nadia murad, winner of the 2019 nobel peace prize, the lai dai han have long been marginalized in vietnamese society. she went on by saying that as we collaborate to seek justice, the victims and their families deserve to be acknowledged. also in 2019, british foreign secretary jack straw asked the united nations human rights council to launch a comprehensive inquiry into sexual abuse during the vietnam war, and has urged south korea "to confront a murky period in its past." commentary according to gina marie weaver in her book ideologies of forgetting rape in the vietnam war, the role of rape in the vietnam war has been omitted from the narratives: 1 and the impact of war on women has altered considerably because war in the twentieth and twenty-first century has evolved into total war. weaver argues that the united states' replacing of the national conversation about the war onto "the medical and psychological issues of the vietnam veteran" has suppressed the traumas experienced by "the truest victims of the vietnam war—vietnamese civilians, namely, women." weaver argues that by acknowledging the atrocities committed by the u.s. soldiers in vietnam, the american's ability to view the veteran as a victim would be "mitigated" or possibly "destroyed".: 11 weaver stated that not only were documented crimes against vietnamese women by united states military personnel ignored in the international legal discourse immediately after the war, but modern feminists and other anti-war rape campaigners, as well as historians, have continued to dismiss them.: 5 according to daddis, gang rapes were common throughout the war, allegedly because united states military personnel implemented a "systematic, purposeful command policy of violence" against the vietnamese people.: 194 numerous personnel viewed both consensual sex and forced rape as time-honored results of the battle, either as "just rewards" or as "collateral damage.": 177 according to gina marie weaver, the primary sources are rich in accounts of violence, including testimony provided in open hearings held during the war, court cases, military investigations, oral reports gathered for publishing both during and long after the war, and literary works, such as poems, novels, and memoirs.: 6 in media according to mark heberle, despite the fact that the violence of war is typically depicted in its entirety, with violent battles and atrocities done by all sides, rape and sexual violence are frequently avoided and in some cases purposefully omitted from the majority of films.: 52 although veterans have long given testimony to such crimes, hollywood war productions have altered or omitted veteran accounts in such a way as to deny their existence or imply that they were the work of deviants instead of typical soldiers. in south korea, analyses of these works which problematize contentious vietnam war recollections show "aesthetic, ethical, and political" restrictions and opportunities for depicting memories of sexual abuse and (un)conditional apologies during wartime in visual art. incident on hill 192 is covered in a book by daniel lang.: 4 the 1970 film o.k. by michael verhoeven was based on the same incident. the 1989 film casualties of war was based on lang's book and directed by brian de palma.: 4 de palma's film contains scenes that do not appear in lang's account of the incident. these sequences include a scene in which the men witness the death of their favorite friend at the hands of vc forces and a scene in which it is implied that these soldiers would not have planned to kidnap and rape a vietnamese girl if they were permitted to vent their "anger, aggression, and sexual needs on prostitutes".: 50 in her memoir when heaven and earth changed places, le ly hayslip wrote about her experience of being raped by viet cong soldiers when she was fourteen years old. the 1993 oliver stone film heaven & earth was based on her memoir. the books between heaven and earth by le ly hayslip and then the americans came by martha hess are said by elisabeth wood to provide a voice to women who were sexually abused during the war.: 7 in the book against our will by brownmiller, her chapter on war offers a thirty-page investigation of the sexual exploitation of women in vietnam, citing information that has come to light since 1975.: 6