february, the lagos state commissioner for health announced that the italian man had travelled on turkish airlines with a brief transit at istanbul. as of 6 march, a total of 219 primary and secondary contacts of the index case had been identified and were being actively monitored. lock-down measures the federal government of nigeria has instructed institutions to shut down for 30 days as a lockdown measure to limit the spread of covid-19. it has also banned public gatherings. the state government of lagos has asked schools to close and banned public gatherings of more than 50 people, particularly religious gatherings. several schools in nigeria have shut down, following the directives of the federal government at abuja. this led the management of one of the most populated schools in nigeria, the federal polytechnic nekede, owerri to declare an emergency holidays a precaution against covid-19, stating that the emergency holiday will last for 30 days. the institution had already fixed the dates for the 2019–2020 academic year examinations. high-profile individuals with covid-19 reports have shown that some high-profile individuals in nigeria have tested positive for coronavirus. the nigeria's high profiled persons that have tested positive for covid-19 are: buhari's chief of staff, abba kyari, governor of bauchi state bala mohammed, governor of oyo state, seyi makinde, governor of kaduna state nasir el-rufai, governor of ekiti state, kayode fayemi, governor of delta state ifeanyi okowa, governor of ebonyi state, dave umahi, governor of ondo state rotimi akeredolu. in june 2020, the former governor of oyo state abiola ajimobi also announced he tested positive, he later died from the disease on 25 june 2020. on 19 july 2020, the minister of foreign affairs, geoffrey onyeama, a member of the presidential task force on covid-19, also announced he had tested positive. as muhammadu buhari's closest staff, nigerians suspected that the president would have the virus as his chief of staff tested positive. meanwhile, nigeria centre for disease control (ncdc) reported that president buhari tested negative after the test was carried out on him. in nigeria, there were fears everywhere that the chief of staff, abba kyari who had tested positive for the coronavirus may have transmitted it to more people including governor yahaya bello of kogi, minister of information, lai mohammed, special assistant to the president on media, garba shehu; minister of special duties, george akume; minister of state for fct, ramatu tijani; geoffrey onyeama, and other dignitaries and visitors at the prayers held on 17 march 2020, for the deceased mother of the kogi state governor. the governor of kogi state, yahaya bello was tested for coronavirus, but tested negative. others from the list who met with abba kyari also tested negative, for the disease. peter yariyok jatau, 89, roman catholic prelate, former archbishop of roman catholic archdiocese of kaduna, and ikenwoli godfrey emiko, 65, olu of warri, died of covid-19 on 17 and 21 december, respectively. territories of portugal further information: covid-19 pandemic in portugal madeira main article: covid-19 pandemic in madeira rwanda main article: covid-19 pandemic in rwanda on 14 march, the first case in the country was confirmed. in an interview with the financial times on 20 april, president paul kagame said he believes it will cost $100 billion (£80 billion) and an entire generation for africa to recuperate from the pandemic. são tomé and príncipe main article: covid-19 pandemic in são tomé and príncipe on 6 april, the first four cases in the country were confirmed. the first death was recorded on 30 april. senegal main article: covid-19 pandemic in senegal on 2 march, the first case in the country was confirmed. mosques are allowed to reopen for ramadan despite 2,000 confirmed cases of the virus. police used tear gas to break up a demonstration in ngor, dakar after president macky sall declared a 9 p.m.–5 a.m. curfew in dakar and thiès region on 13 january 2021. senegal reported 21,883 total cases, 2,773 active cases, and 489 total deaths on 13 january 2021. this is 29 deaths per one million population. seychelles main article: covid-19 pandemic in seychelles seychelles reported its first two cases on 14 march. the two cases were people who were in contact with someone in italy who tested positive. as of january 2021, there had been one death in seychelles. sierra leone main article: covid-19 pandemic in sierra leone on 16 march, the government banned public officials from travelling abroad, and urged citizens to avoid foreign travel. quarantine measures were put in place for all visitors arriving from countries with more than 50 cases. public gatherings of more than 100 people were also banned. on 24 march, president julius maada bio announced a year-long 'state of emergency' to deal with a potential outbreak. the president of sierra leone confirmed the country's first case of coronavirus on 31 march, a person who traveled from france on 16 march and had been in isolation since. somalia main article: covid-19 pandemic in somalia on 16 march, the first case in somalia was confirmed. somalia's health ministry reported that this was a somali citizen returning home from china. somaliland main article: covid-19 pandemic in somaliland on 31 march, the first two cases in somaliland were confirmed. the two cases were a somaliland citizen and a chinese national. south africa main article: covid-19 pandemic in south africa confirmed covid-19 cases in south africa. covid-19 active cases in south africa first wave (march 2020 – november 2020) on 5 march 2020, the first confirmed case of covid-19 was announced in south africa, by a passenger returning from italy. this resulted in president cyril ramaphosa declaring a national state of disaster on 15 march 2020 and the implementation of the national lockdown beginning on 26 march from 1 may 2020, a gradual and phased easing of the lockdown restrictions began, lowering the national alert level to level 4. on 1 june 2020, it was eased to level 3. on 15 august, president ramaphosa announced that after the passing of the covid-19 peak, the lockdown will be lowered to level 2. on 21 september, lockdown was finally eased to level 1 second wave (december 2020 – april 2021) after the discovery of the 501y.v2 variant on 18 december 2020, and the rise of cases after surpassing 1 million people testing positive, it was announced on 28 december that the country would go back to a partial lockdown level 3 to reduce the speed of the second wave during the festive season. it was then lowered back to a level 1 after numbers declined. the national vaccination program in south africa was set to begin in early february 2021, after receiving its 1st 1,000,000 doses of oxford-astrazeneca vaccine, but on 7 february, sahpra suspended the vaccine after it proved to be ineffective against the 501y.v2 variant on 17 february 2021, the national covid vaccination program was officially rolled out after south africa received its first consignment of 80,000 doses of the janssen vaccine. so far sahpra has approved the pfizer/biontech and janssen vaccines for use, with oxford-astrazeneca vaccine currently suspended due to its ineffectiveness. currently, 220 million doses of the janssen vaccine is in the process of being manufactured locally, with the country currently in phase 2 targeting mainly people over the age of 60 and frontline workers. third wave (may 2021–present) on 30 may, president ramaphosa, addressed the nation announcing the tightening of restrictions from adjusted level lockdown 1 to 2. this comes close to the recent sequencing of b.1.617.2 variant. the third covid-19 wave had taken hold. south sudan main article: covid-19 pandemic in south sudan on 5 april, the first case was confirmed. two cases covid-19 were confirmed on 13 may in a crowded civilian protection camp in juba. the camp houses 30,000 people. territories of spain further information: covid-19 pandemic in spain canary islands main article: covid-19 pandemic in the canary islands the covid-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the canary islands on 31 january 2020. 2,275 confirmed cases and 151 deaths were reported as of 15 may 2020. ceuta main article: covid-19 pandemic in ceuta the covid-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached in ceuta on 13 march 2020. melilla main article: covid-19 pandemic in melilla the covid-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached in melilla on 10 march 2020. as of 16 february 2021, 6,675 cases had been confirmed with 472 patients hospitalized, and 62 deaths. sudan main article: covid-19 pandemic in sudan the country's first case was announced on 13 march, a man who had died in khartoum the previous day. he had visited the united arab emirates in the first week of march. by 29 may, a surge of reported deaths in north darfur raised fears of a serious outbreak in the region, although testing remains poor. sudan reported 25,730 total cases, 8,914 active cases, and 1,576 total deaths on 13 january 2021. this is 36 deaths per one million population. tanzania main article: covid-19 pandemic in tanzania on 16 march, the first case was confirmed. tanzanian authorities stopped reporting case numbers in may. the government announced in january 2021 that it had no plans in participate in vaccination projects encouraged by the who. the catholic church in africa said it had observed an increase in requiem masses and blamed funerals on an increase in covid-19 infections. on 17 february, seif sharif hamad, 77, vice president of zanzibar died of acute pneumonia related to covid-19. president john magufuli died of a heart condition on 17 march, although many suspect it was covid-19 related. doctors express hope that the new president will bring positive change to the way the pandemic is addressed. togo main article: covid-19 pandemic in togo on 6 march 2020, the first case in the country was confirmed. as of 17 february 2021, 5,953 confirmed cases, 5,094 recoveries, and 81 deaths had been reported. tunisia main article: covid-19 pandemic in tunisia on 2 march, the first case in the country was confirmed. 168,568 total cases, 40,378 active cases, and 5,415 total deaths were reported on 13 january 2021 in tunisia. this is a death rate of 456 per one million population. uganda main article: covid-19 pandemic in uganda on 20 march, the first case in uganda was confirmed. the first confirmed death was on 24 july. uganda reported 38,085 total cases, 24,698 active cases, and 304 total deaths on 13 january 2021. this is seven deaths per one million population. saint helena, ascension and tristan da cunha main article: covid-19 pandemic in saint helena, ascension and tristan da cunha on 16 march three people who arrived by air to ascension island showed symptoms of covid-19. however, on 23 march it was announced that they had tested negative on 22 march on 17 march all travel by air to the saint helena island was banned, except for island citizens or residents and similar cases. there were no known cases on saint helena at this time. on 16 march as a precaution the tristan da cunha island council on tristan da cunha made the decision to ban visitors to the island to prevent the potential transmission of the disease to islanders. on 7 september 2020, the ascension island government announced two weak positives cases, subsequently tested negatives and confirmed as historical infection on 9 september. the ascension island government reported one other weak positive case on 16 november, subsequently tested negative on 18 november and a positive case in isolation on 24 december 2020. the case was tested negative on 6 january 2021. on 26 march 2021, a low positive case on a passenger arrived by flight on 24 march is reported by saint helena health directorate. the passenger was tested negative on 29 march 2021. on 27 march 2021, saint helena government announced positive cases on a fishing vessel. western sahara main articles: covid-19 pandemic in western sahara and sahrawi arab democratic republic on 4 april, the first four cases in moroccan-controlled part of western sahara were confirmed. sahrawi arab democratic republic reported its first cases on 25 july 2020. zambia main article: covid-19 pandemic in zambia zambia reported its first 2 cases of covid-19 on 18 march. the patients were a couple that had travelled to france on holiday. a third case was recorded on 22 march. the patient was a