gaba analogue gaba analogue a gaba analogue is a compound which is an analogue or derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) (the iupac of which is 4-aminobutanoic acid). γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) many gaba analogues are used as drugs, especially as anticonvulsants, sedatives, and anxiolytics. list of gaba analogues deaminated butyric acid (butanoic acid) – histone deacetylase inhibitor and full agonist of free fatty acid receptor 2, free fatty acid receptor 3, and niacin receptor 1 derivatives: butyrate (butanoate), sodium butyrate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate valeric acid (pentanoic acid) – constituent of valerian; has an unpleasant odor and fruity flavor and esters are used as additives derivatives: valerate (pentanoate), methyl valerate, ethyl valerate, pentyl valerate isovaleric acid (isopentanoic acid/3-methylbutanoic acid) – constituent of valerian; has anticonvulsant effects; pam of the gabaa receptor derivatives: isovalerate (isopentanoate/3-methylbutanoate), menthyl isovalerate (validolum) – used as an anxiolytic and sedative in russia isovaleramide (isopentamide/3-methylbutanamide) – constituent of valerian; has anxiolytic and sedative effects; pam of the gabaa receptor valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) – anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer; inhibitor of hdac, ssadh, and gaba-t, blocker of vdscs and gaba reuptake, ar/pr antagonist derivatives: sodium valproate, valproate semisodium, divalproex sodium, valproate pivoxil valpromide (2-propylpentanamide) – anticonvulsant; same mechanism of action as valproic acid, plus inhibitor of epoxide hydrolase valnoctamide (2-ethyl-3-methylpentanamide) – anticonvulsant; similar mechanism of action to valproic acid; structural isomer of valpromide 3- or 4-hydroxylated 3-hydroxybutanal – synthetic hypnotic and sedative drug ghb (γ-hydroxybutyric acid) – neurotransmitter, drug of abuse; agonist of ghb receptor and gabab receptor derivatives: sodium oxybate (sodium γ-hydroxybutanoate) – used to treat narcolepsy; same mechanism of action as ghb aceburic acid (γ-hydroxybutyric acid acetate) – synthetic prodrug to ghb gbl (γ-hydroxybutyric acid lactone) – metabolic intermediate and prodrug to ghb ghbal (γ-hydroxybutyraldehyde or γ-hydroxybutanal) – metabolic intermediate and prodrug to ghb ghv (γ-hydroxyvaleric acid) – designer drug; analogue of ghb with similar effects gvl (γ-valerolactone) – designer drug; prodrug to ghv t-hca/ghc (γ-hydroxycrotonic acid) – neurotransmitter; ghb receptor agonist gcl (γ-crotonolactone) – prodrug to t-hca/ghc hocpca (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid) – synthetic ghb receptor agonist umb68 (γ-hydroxy-γ-methylpentanoic acid) – synthetic ghb receptor agonist β-substituted gabob (β-hydroxy-gaba) – anticonvulsant; gaba receptor agonist pregabalin (β-isobutyl-gaba) – analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and drug of abuse; potent inhibitor of α2δ subunit-containing vgccs. phenibut (β-phenyl-gaba) – sedative and anxiolytic from russia; inhibitor of α2δ subunit-containing vgccs and, to a lesser extent, gabab receptor agonist. baclofen (β-(4-chlorophenyl)-gaba) – antispasmodic drug; potent gabab receptor agonist, weak inhibitor of α2δ subunit-containing vgccs tolibut (β-(4-methylphenyl)-gaba) – analgesic, tranquilizing, and neuroprotective drug phaclofen (phosphonobaclofen) – gabab receptor antagonist saclofen (sulfonobaclofen) – gabab receptor antagonist cyclized arecaidine – constituent of areca nuts; gaba reuptake inhibitor gabaculine – neurotoxin; gaba-t inhibitor and gaba reuptake inhibitor gabapentin – anticonvulsant; inhibitor of α2δ subunit-containing vgccs gabapentin enacarbil – used for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and postherpetic neuralgia; same mechanism of action as gabapentin gaboxadol – gabaa receptor agonist guvacine – constituent of areca nuts; gaba reuptake inhibitor isoguvacine – gabaa receptor agonist isonipecotic acid – gabaa receptor partial agonist muscimol – constituent of amanita muscaria mushrooms; gabaa receptor agonist nipecotic acid – used in scientific research; gaba reuptake inhibitor gaba prodrugs l-glutamine – endogenous precursor of gaba and glutamate n-isonicotinoyl-gaba – structural isomer of picamilon picamilon (n-nicotinoyl-gaba) – dietary supplement and prescription drug in russia progabide (complex structure) – anticonvulsant tolgabide (complex structure) – anticonvulsant others/miscellaneous 1,4-butanediol – metabolic intermediate and prodrug to ghb 3-methyl-gaba – gaba-t activator aaba/homoalanine (α-aminobutyric acid) – used by nonribosomal peptide synthetases baba (β-aminobutyric acid) – known for its ability to induce plant disease resistance dava (δ-aminopentanoic acid) – gaba receptor agonist gabamide (γ-aminobutanamide) – gaba receptor agonist gabazine (sr-95531) – antagonist of the gabaa and ghb receptors gava (γ-aminopentanoic acid) – gaba reuptake inhibitor glufimet (dimethyl 3-phenylglutamate hydrochloride) – experimental drug related to phenibut glutamic acid (glutamate) – neurotransmitter homotaurine (tramiprosate) – gabaa receptor agonist, gabab receptor antagonist hopantenic acid (n-pantoyl-gaba) – central nervous system depressant used in russia isovaline – peripherally selective agonist of the gabab receptor lesogaberan (azd-3355) – agonist of the gabab receptor n-anisoyl-gaba – major active metabolite of the nootropic aniracetam ncs-382 – antagonist of the ghb receptor piracetam and other racetams – nootropics pivagabine (n-pivaloyl-gaba) – antidepressant/anxiolytic drug; crf inhibitor vigabatrin (y-vinyl-gaba) – anticonvulsant; gaba-t inhibitor