teenage pregnancy in the united states teenage pregnancy in the united states teenage pregnancy in the united states refers to females under the age of 20 who become pregnant. 89% of these births take place out-of-wedlock. since the 1990s, teen pregnancy rates have declined almost continuously in the united states, but the united states still has one of the highest teenage birth rates among the industrialized nations. the 5 states with the highest teen birth rate are arkansas, mississippi, louisiana, oklahoma, and alabama. according to the centers for disease control, evidence suggests that the decline in teenage pregnancy is due to abstinence teaching and the use of birth control. although the decline is considered good news, the racial/ethnic and geographic disparities continue in the united states. in 2019, the birth rates for hispanic teens and non-hispanic black teens were more than double than the rates for white teens. the article is about teen pregnancy in the united states. for a broader view see teen pregnancy and adolescent sexuality in the united states. an anti-teenage pregnancy poster in 2022 research organization child trends found that teen birth rates in the united states had vastly declined in the previous 30 years. pregnancies "happy birthday sweet 16" / "pink or blue, we love you" cake according to the centers for disease control, more than four out of five, or 80%, of teenage pregnancies are unintended. in 2010, of the majority of pregnancies to adolescent females in the united states, an estimated 60% ended in live birth, 15% ended in miscarriage, and 30% in abortion. in 2012, there were 104,700 maternal hospital stays for pregnant teens; the number of hospital stays for teen pregnancies decreased by 47 percent from 2000-2012. in 2014, 249,078 babies were born to girls aged 15–19 years old. this is a birth rate of 24.2 per 1000 girls. however, most adolescents who give birth are over the age of 18. in 2014, 73% of teen births occurred in 18–19 year olds. pregnancies are much less common among girls younger than 15. in 2008, 6.6 pregnancies occurred per 1,000 teens aged 13–14. in other words, fewer than 1% of teens younger than 15 became pregnant in 2008. pregnant teenagers tend to gain less weight than older mothers, due to the fact that they are still growing and competing for nutrients with the baby during the pregnancy. teen pregnancy is defined as pregnancies in girls under the age of 20, regardless of marital status. teen pregnancy rates have dropped 9% since 2013. between 1991 and 2014, teenage birth rates dropped 61% nationwide. teenage birth rates, as opposed to pregnancies, peaked in 1991, when there were 61.8 births per 1,000 teens, and the rate dropped in 17 of the 19 years that followed. three in ten american girls will get pregnant before age 20. that is almost 750,000 pregnancies a year. nearly 89% of teenage births occur outside of marriage. of all girls, 16% will be teen mothers. the largest increases in unintended pregnancies were found among girls who were cohabiting, had lower education, and low income. increased pregnancy risk factors in teenagers there are certain factors in an adolescent/teenagers life that make them more pre-disposed to getting pregnant young. some of which include race, (see below) but also factors such as sexuality, homelessness, foster care, living in rural areas, exposure to drugs and violence can effect whether a teenager gets pregnant young. the more risks compiled suggests that an adolescent that exhibits any of the risk listed, is at a higher risk for the other factors. this can include the use of alcohol or drugs. this is consistent with the jessor problem behavior theory. by ethnicity black, latina, and native american youth experience the highest rates of teenage pregnancy and childbirth. studies show that asians (23 per 1,000) and whites (43 per 1,000) have lower rates of pregnancy before the age of 20. the pregnancy rate among black teens decreased 48% between 1990 and 2008, more than the overall u.s. teen pregnancy rate declined during the same period (42%). teen birth rates decline by racial groups teen birth rates declined from 2018 to 2019 for several racial groups and for hispanics.1,2 among 15- to 19-year-olds, teen birth rates decreased: 5.2% for hispanic females. 5.8% for non-hispanic white females. 1.9% for non-hispanic black females. rates for non-hispanic american indian/alaska natives (ai/an), non-hispanic asians, and non-hispanic native hawaiian, and other pacific islander teenagers were unchanged. in 2019, the birth rates for hispanic teens (25.3) and non-hispanic black teens (25.8) were more than two times higher than the rate for non-hispanic white teens (11.4). the birth rate of american indian/alaska native teens (29.2) was highest among all race/ethnicities. by region teen births (age 15–19) per 1,000 people by state (2014) 14.7 - 18.5 18.5 - 24.2 24.2 - 29 29 - 33.7 33.7 - 38.5 38.5 - 43.6 43.6 - 48.6 48.6 - 51.5 in 2013, the lowest birth rates were reported in the northeast, while the highest rates were located in the southeast. birth and abortion rates of girls ages 15–19, 2010 us state pregnancy rate (per 1000) birthrate abortion rate % abortion rate excluding stillborns and miscarriages alabama6232917 alaska6427.81730 arizona6029.9918 arkansas7339.5914 california5921.11938 colorado5020.31020 connecticut4411.52052 delaware1520.72847 washington, d.c.9028.43241 florida6022.51938 georgia6428.41324 hawaii6523.12342 idaho4723.2717 illinois5722.81532 indiana5328716 iowa4419.8923 kansas5327.6512 kentucky6235.3612 louisiana6935.81018 maine3716.51031 maryland5717.82245 massachusetts3710.61446 michigan5221.11432 minnesota3615.5825 mississippi7638914 missouri5427.2919 montana5326.41021 nebraska4322.2514 nevada6828.52034 new hampshire2811835 new jersey5113.12455 new mexico8037.81522 new york6316.13258 north carolina5925.91224 north dakota4223.9618 ohio5425.11225 oklahoma6938.5813 oregon4719.31229 pennsylvania4913.81535 rhode island4415.81641 south carolina6528.51323 south dakota4726.2411 tennessee6233918 texas7337.8915 utah3819.4413 vermont3214.2934 virginia4818.41433 washington4919.11637 west virginia6436.6917 wisconsin3918721 wyoming5630.1817 parenting as a teenager there were 334,000 births among teenage girls aged 19 or younger in 2011, representing 8% of all u.s. births. births to teen mothers peaked in 1991 at 62 births per 1,000 girls. this rate was halved by 2011 when there were 31 births per 1,000 girls. about 25% of teenage mothers have a second child within 24 months of the first birth. teenagers are becoming better contracepters because they realize that their sexual partners may not be a reliable coparent. marriage rates over the 1990s through the 2010s with teenagers has drastically declined because of this realization. since contraception has become more obtainable for teenagers, they are preventing unwanted pregnancies. for every 1,000 black boys in the united states, 29 of them are fathers, compared to 14 per 1,000 white boys. the rate of teen fatherhood declined 36% between 1991 and 2010, from 25 to 16 per 1,000 males aged 15–19. this decline was more substantial among blacks than among whites (50% vs. 26%) and about half of the rate among teen girls. nearly 80% of teenage fathers do not marry the teenage mother of their child. teenage fathers have 10-15% lower annual earnings than teenagers who do not father children. most female teens report that they would be very upset (58%) or a little upset (29%) if they got pregnant, while the remaining 13% report that they would be a little or very pleased. most male teens report that they would be very upset (47%) or a little upset (34%) if they got someone pregnant, while the remaining 18% report that they would be a little or very pleased. parenting as a teenager has detrimental effects on the children. children born to teenage mothers are more likely to: be born prematurely, 50% more likely to repeat a grade, live in poverty, and suffer higher rates of abuse. the sons of teen mothers are 13% more likely to end up incarcerated, and the daughters of teenage mothers are 22% more likely to become teenage mothers. more than 25% of teen mothers live in poverty during their 20s. teenage pregnancy imposes lasting hardships on two generations: mother and child. evidence from u.s. studies show that girls who bear their first child at an early age bear more children rapidly and have more unwanted and out-of-wedlock births. children of teenage parents are more likely to have lower academic achievements and tend to repeat the cycle of early marriage and early childbearing of their parents. since the great recession, young people take three times longer to gain financial independence than it took for young people three decades ago. it is much harder for teenage parents to be able to support a family compared to the past due to the competitive work environment. supporting teenage parents more than 50% of teenage mothers do not graduate from high school. some high schools in the united states offer a program for pregnant and parenting teens to continue their education. these are sometimes referred to as "teen parent programs". there are several benefits to these school based programs, the number one benefit being teens are able to continue their high school education. studies have shown that when teen parents stay in school after being pregnant, they have a better chance of graduating high school. less than 2% of teen moms earn a college degree by age 30. many of these programs offer on-campus childcare. some even require the pregnant and parenting teens to attend parenting classes or practicum classes. the parenting classes offer a place for these young parents to learn about the basic needs of a child. while, the practicum classes offer a hands on experience caring for the children in the childcare center. statistics show that less than 10% of teen parents earn their high school diploma by their eighteenth birthday. these programs are trying to change those statistics. currently (2016), san diego county has seven high schools that offer these teen parent programs. prevention preventing teen pregnancy graphic by centers for disease control and prevention the united states has the highest rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases in developed countries. the two primary reasons given by teenagers for not using protection is that the chance of becoming pregnant is small, and the failure to anticipate intercourse. the best method of reducing the consequences of teenage parenthood is by providing reproductive health services to prevent teenagers from becoming pregnant in the first place. prevention can not only be beneficial on a micro level but it is also beneficial on a more macro scale. nationally, teen pregnancies cost tax payers an average of $9.4 billion each year. these costs are associated with health care, foster care, criminal justice, public assistance and lost tax revenue. teen pregnancies can be prevented by increasing access and education on the proper use of contraceptives, as well as parental involvement. the best method of prevention is to integrate sex and std education into the middle and high school science curriculum as well as addressing the effects of teenage pregnancies in the social studies curriculum. according to studies conducted by the american journal of public health, the pregnancy rate in the united states can be predictable by analyzing two indexes, the contraceptive risk index and the overall pregnancy risk index. using these indexes with previous adolescent pregnancy data, 77% of the decline in pregnancy risk was attributed to contraceptive use. the conclusion from this studies and others, is that improved contraceptive use and teachings is responsible for the decline. international comparison main article: prevalence of teenage pregnancy the teenage birth rate per 1,000 women aged 15–19, 2000–2009 there are large differences in adolescent pregnancy rates among developed nations like canada, france, great britain, sweden and the united states. the united states has the highest number of teen pregnancies and the highest number of sexually transmitted infections compared to the other four countries. in france and sweden during the late '90s, pregnancies were 20 per 1,000 girls at ages 15–19. in canada and great britain the levels were twice that, and the united states the level was 4 times as high with 84 per 1,000 teenage girls pregnant. the likelihood of pregnant teenage girls having abortions across the four countries differ and exclude miscarriages. in the u.s. abortion rates for 15–19 years are 35% while it was 69% in sweden, 39% in great britain, 46% in canada, and 51% in france. it has been suggested that the u.s. teen pregnancy rate is higher because of the prevalence of abstinence-only sex education. as a result, many adolescents are ignorant about contraception and effective pregnancy prevention. the mentality of some education systems in the u.s. have the idea that if they