significantly alleviated the effect of osa on crp and il-6 levels. rheumatoid arthritis in the context of ra, crp is one of the acute phase reactants, whose assessment is defined as part of the joint 2010 acr/eular classification criteria for ra with abnormal levels accounting for a single point within the criteria higher levels of crp are associated with more severe disease and a higher likelihood of radiographic progression. rheumatoid arthritis associated antibodies together with 14-3-3η ywhah have been reported to complement crp in predicting clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with recent onset inflammatory polyarthritis. elevated levels of crp appear to be associated with common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and interstitial lung (pulmonary) disease. mechanistically, crp also appears to influence osteoclast activity leading to bone resorption and also stimulates rankl expression in peripheral blood monocytes. it has previously been speculated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the crp gene may affect clinical decision-making based on crp in rheumatoid arthritis, e.g. das28 (disease activity score 28 joints). a recent study showed that crp genotype and haplotype were only marginally associated with serum crp levels and without any association to the das28 score. thus, that das28, which is the core parameter for inflammatory activity in ra, can be used for clinical decision-making without adjustment for crp gene variants. viral infections increased blood crp levels were higher in people with avian flu h7n9 compared to those with h1n1 (more common) influenza, with a review reporting that severe h1n1 influenza had elevated crp. in 2020, people infected with covid-19 in wuhan, china had elevated crp. additional images c-reactive protein c-reactive protein