but mostly in patterned cast-iron, can still be found dotted across the uk, with a few in london, but especially in birmingham and bristol. a solitary example of walter mcfarlane's one-man spiral urinal remains in thorn park, plymouth. a number have been restored and relocated to the grounds of various open-air museums and heritage railway lines. rectangular pissoirs, with elaborate patterned cast-iron panels, similar in design to some of the uk ones, were installed in the city of sydney, australia in 1880 and melbourne, australia, in the period 1903–1918. of at least 40 that were made, nine remain in place and in use on the streets in and around central melbourne, and have been classified by the national trust since 1998. in recent years, temporary pissoirs with multiple unscreened urinals around a central column have been introduced in the uk. a temporary pissoir for women called the 'peeasy' is used in switzerland. until the 1990s, street urinals were a common sight in paris (france), and in the 1930s more than 1200 were in service. they were famous among foreign tourists. parisians referred to them as vespasiennes, the name being derived from that of the roman emperor vespasian, who, according to an anecdote, imposed a tax on urine. beginning in the 1990s, the vespasiennes (renowned for their smell and lack of hygiene) were gradually replaced by sanisettes. today only one vespasienne remains in the city (on boulevard arago), and it is still regularly used. they still exist in other french cities and in other countries. the last surviving vespasienne, on boulevard arago in paris vespasienne in honfleur, france interior of honfleur vespasienne vintage british urinal, no longer in service a pissoir on avenue du maine, paris c. 1865. photographed by charles marville. outdoor urinal in porto, portugal restored heritage protected public urinal in braunschweig, germany victorian cast iron urinal in sydney, australia (c.1890) urinals in the rothesay victorian toilets, rothesay, bute (c.1899) society and culture examples of urinals in popular culture include: marcel duchamp's fountain (1917), which some have called the most influential modern artwork, is a urinal which duchamp signed "r. mutt". police in nassau county, new york adopted talking urinals in an anti-drunk driving initiative. using wizmark, a talking urinal display screen, police can provide bars with free pre-programmed urinal messages urging patrons not to drink and drive. ernest hemingway converted a urinal from sloppy joe's bar into a water fountain for his cats. the fountain remains a prominent feature at his former home in key west, florida, a popular tourist destination in the town. pissoir, retitled urinal in some countries, was the first feature film directed by john greyson. it was released in 1980 and takes place in a toilet. gabriel chevallier's 1934 satirical novel clochemerle deals with the ramifications of plans to install a new urinal in a french village. indiana urinalysis (1988) is a documentary on the subject of urinals. topics include "types of urinals, urinal etiquette, usage of urinal cakes, why urinals are always white, preference of urinal vs. toilet, and urinals for women, as well as a collection of urinal anecdotes." it received a citation award from the indiana film society in 1990. "mystery of the urinal deuce" is an episode of the american adult animated sitcom south park, in which the plot revolves around the elementary school's efforts to establish the identity of a person who defecated in a urinal. gallery of unusual or historical urinals ancient portable urinal, western jin dynasty (c. 265–316 ce) urinal in the form of a tiger. stoneware with olive green (celadon) glaze. southern dynasties, 500-589 ce. from china, zhejiang. victoria and albert museum fountain, a urinal which marcel duchamp exhibited as a controversial artwork ornate illuminated french urinal, c.1865 basic 6-stall paris urinal, c.1865 goth-inspired urinal in oslo "steampunk" styled urinal at a bar japanese sink/urinal saves water and physical space urinals with a view, at the restaurant ufo in bratislava fancy decorative urinal at madonna inn public urinals in portugal victorian urinals in scotland from 1899 neo-baroque style decorated urinal open plan public toilet in japan styled urinals in st. peter port, guernsey brewery urinals in christchurch, new zealand low-cost waterless portable urinal in burkina faso urinal with a 38th floor view in hokkaido, japan male urinals in open arrangement urinals in a bathroom in the american museum of natural history. a double urinal, one person can urinate on each side. an example of floor standing urinals in a men's bathroom.