of music-centered tools, techniques, and activities when working with military-associated clients, many of which are similar to the techniques used in other music therapy settings. these methods include, but are not limited to: group drumming, listening, singing, and songwriting. songwriting is a particularly effective tool with military veterans struggling with ptsd and tbi as it creates a safe space to, "... work through traumatic experiences, and transform traumatic memories into healthier associations". programs music therapy in the military is seen in programs on military bases, va healthcare facilities, military treatment facilities, and military communities. music therapy programs have a large outreach because they exist for all phases of military life: pre-mobilization, deployment, post-deployment, recovery (in the case of injury), and among families of fallen military service personnel. resounding joy, inc., a san diego, california-based music therapy program, is a pioneer for the use of music therapy in the military. its semper sound program specializes in providing music therapy services to active duty military service members and veterans diagnosed with ptsd, tbi, substance abuse, and other trauma-related diagnoses. it features different programs such as the semper sound band, based in san diego, california, and the gi jams band, based in chelsea, massachusetts. walter reed army medical center located in bethesda, maryland, is another pioneer for the use of music therapy in the military. all patients at the medical center are eligible to receive music therapy services; therefore, the range of clients is wide: tbi, stroke, psychological diagnoses (anxiety, depression, ptsd), autism spectrum disorder, and more. the exceptional family member program (efmp) also exists to provide music therapy services to active duty military families who have a family member with a developmental, physical, emotional, or intellectual disorder. currently, programs at the davis-monthan air force base, resounding joy, inc., and the music institute of chicago partner with efmp services to provide music therapy services to eligible military family members. music therapy programs primarily target active duty military members and their treatment facility to provide reconditioning among members convalescing in army hospitals. although, music therapy programs not only benefit the military but rather a wide range of clients including the u.s. air force, american navy, and u.s. marines corp. individuals exposed to trauma benefit from their essential rehabilitative tools to follow the course of recovery from stress disorders. music therapists are certified professionals who possess the abilities to determine appropriate interventions to support one recovering from a physically, emotionally, or mentally traumatic experience. in addition to their skills, they play an integral part throughout the treatment process of service members diagnosed with post-traumatic stress or brain injuries. in many cases, self-expression through songwriting or using instruments help restore emotions that can be lost following trauma. music has a significant effect on troops traveling overseas or between bases because many soldiers view music to be an escape from war, a connection to their homeland and families, or as motivation. by working with a certified music therapist, marines undergo sessions re-instituting concepts of cognition, memory attention, and emotional processing. although programs primarily focus on phases of military life, other service members such as the u.s. air force are eligible for treatment as well. for instance, during a music therapy session, a man begins to play a song to a wounded airmen. the airmen says " allows me to talk about something that happened without talking about it". music allows the active duty airmen to open up about previous experiences while reducing his anxiety level.