and canadian medical degree programs, the liaison committee on medical education. primary teaching hospitals in 1896, the first affiliation agreement was approved between western reserve university and university hospitals of cleveland university hospitals cleveland medical center rainbow babies & children's hospital uh seidman cancer center uh macdonald women's hospital cleveland clinic metrohealth louis stokes cleveland department of veterans affairs medical center other teaching affiliates st. vincent charity hospital circle health services student life academic societies allen memorial medical library the cwru school of medicine school is divided into six societies named after famous casemed alums. upon matriculation, students in the university program and mstp are assigned to a society. each has a society dean who serves as an academic and career adviser to the students. the societies are: frederick c. robbins society emily blackwell-elizabeth mckinley society david satcher society joseph wearn society h. jack geiger society julie gerberding society every year, the six societies compete in "isc picnic" for the infamous society cup in a series of events (e.g. soccer, flag football, relay races etc.). doc opera every year, students at case western reserve som write, direct and perform a full-length musical parody, lampooning case western reserve, their professors, and themselves. it is a longstanding tradition that began in the 1980's and in recent years, the show has been a benefit for the student run health clinic. role in cleveland and ohio casemed is located 15 minutes from downtown cleveland. during 2007, the economic impact of the school of medicine and its affiliates on the state of ohio equaled $5.82 billion and accounted for more than 65,000 ohio jobs. the role of case western reserve university in the cleveland economy has been reported on by the economist magazine. in popular culture in 2010, the show boston med on abc features casemed alumnus and current faculty, jeff ustin, md, as well as alumni rahul rathod, md and elizabeth blume, md. notable alumni and faculty 1800s nancy talbot clark (1852 md alumna) - second woman in the united states to earn a medical degree.† emily blackwell (1854 md alumna) - third woman in the united states to earn a medical degree and the sister of elizabeth blackwell, the first woman in the united states to earn a medical degree.† cordelia a. greene (1855 md alumna) - founder, castile sanitarium; benefactor, cordelia a. greene library.† marie elizabeth zakrzewska (1856 md alumna) - founder of the new england hospital for women and children (known today as the dimock center). george washington crile (1887 md alumnus) - performed first blood transfusion. established lakeside hospital of what is now university hospitals case medical center, and later co-founded cleveland clinic. crile was a graduate of wooster medical college which merged to form modern day casemed. john a. rice (1851 md alumnus) - member of the wisconsin state senate. shaw loo (1867 md alumnus) - the first western-trained burmese physician. †six of the first seven women in the united states to receive medical degrees from recognized allopathic medical schools graduated from western reserve university (as it was called then) between 1850 and 1856. 1900s emelia benjamin (1983 md alumna) - professor, researcher, and international expert on the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation thomas wingate todd, professor of anatomy matthew n. levy, professor of physiology, co-author of berne & levy's principles of physiology theodor kolobow (1958 md alumnus), nih researcher and inventor of the spiral coil membrane lung 2000s li tao (2014 md alumnus), creator of microbe invader nobel laureates john j.r. macleod, 1923 nobel prize winner for discovering insulin and western reserve university professor of physiology teaching class. alumni 1980 - paul berg (1952 phd in biochemistry alumnus), nobel prize in chemistry for pioneering research in recombinant dna technology. ferid murad, 1998 nobel laureate and casemed md-phd alumnus. 1985 & 1997 - h. jack geiger (1958 md alumnus), though not a recipient of nobel prize directly, he was the founding member and past president of physicians for human rights which shared the 1997 nobel peace prize as part of international campaign to ban landmines. he also was a founding member of physicians for social responsibility which shared the 1985 nobel peace prize as part of international physicians for the prevention of nuclear war. 1994 - alfred gilman (1969 md-phd alumnus), nobel prize in physiology or medicine for co-discovery of g proteins 1998 - ferid murad (1965 md-phd alumnus), nobel prize in physiology or medicine for role in the discovery of nitric oxide in cardiovascular signaling 2003 - peter c. agre (1978 internal medicine alumnus), nobel prize in chemistry for discovering aquaporin protein that clarified how salts and water are transported out of and into the cells of the body, leading to a better understanding of many diseases of the kidneys, heart, muscles and nervous system. case alumni who received 2003 nobel prizes - paul c. lauterbur and peter agre (1st and 2nd from right) with president george walker bush faculty 1923 - john j.r. macleod (professor of physiology), nobel prize in physiology or medicine, for discovery of insulin 1938 - corneille j.f. heymans, nobel prize in physiology or medicine for work on carotid sinus reflex 1954 - frederick c. robbins (dean of casemed), nobel prize in physiology or medicine, for work on polio virus, which led to development of polio vaccines; past president of the institute of medicine of the national academy of sciences. 1971 - earl w. sutherland (chair of pharmacology), nobel prize in physiology or medicine, for establishing identity and importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cyclic amp in regulation of cell metabolism. sutherland discovered camp while at casemed. 1988 - george h. hitchings, nobel prize in physiology or medicine, for research leading to development of drugs to treat leukemia, organ transplant rejection, gout, herpes virus, and aids-related bacterial and pulmonary infections. public health sidney katz (1948 md alumnus) - pioneering american physician, scientist, educator, author, and public servant. most noted for creating the first activities of daily living (adl) scale jesse leonard steinfeld (1949 md alumnus) - u.s. surgeon general (1969 to 1973), most noted for achieving widespread fluoridation of water, requiring prescription drugs to be effective, and strengthening the surgeon general's warning on cigarettes. david satcher (1970 md-phd alumnus) - u.s. surgeon general under president bill clinton, and first african-american director of the centers for disease control and prevention julie l. gerberding (1981 md alumnus) - first woman director of the centers for disease control and prevention michael ehlert (2007 md alumnus) - 2007-08 national president of the american medical student association. john brockman (2012 md alumnus) - 2010-11 national president of the american medical student association. other 1912 - professor roger perkins pioneered the process of chlorinating drinking water. 1915 - henry gerstenberger (alumnus and pediatrics professor) first simulated milk formula for infants. 1927 - immunologist enrique ecker discovered the cause of ptomaine food poisoning and development of an antiserum. 1935 - claude beck (surgery residency alumnus; 1924-1971 professor of cardiovascular surgery - first such position in us) - performed first surgical treatment of coronary artery disease (1935) performed first defibrillation using machine he built with james rand (1947) developed concept of beck's triad started the first cpr teaching course for medical professionals (1950). 1950s - professor frederick cross developed first heart-lung machine for use in open heart surgeries. 1961 - professor austin weisburger performed first successful genetic alteration of human cells in a test tube. 1969 - william insull, md describes the role of cholesterol in blood vessel disease. 1975 - discovery that human renin, an enzyme produced by the kidney, is involved in hypertension 1990 - national team led by rheumatologist roland moskowitz discovers gene for osteoarthritis. 1991 - james a. schulak, md, and colleagues perform first triple organ transplant in ohio-a kidney, liver and pancreas. 1997 - team led by professor huntington willard (chair of genetics) create world's first artificial human chromosome. m. scott peck (1963 md alumnus) - psychiatrist and author of the road less traveled 2004 - craig smith (1977 md alumnus) leads the cardiac surgery team which performs president bill clinton's coronary artery bypass surgery. richard walsh, md (chair of medicine, case medical center) - current editor of hurst's the heart manual of cardiology. peter tippett (1983 md-phd alumnus) - inventor of early anti-virus software. alfredo palacio (internal medicine alumnus) - president of ecuador (2005–2007). david jenkins- won the men's gold medal for figure skating during the 1960 winter olympics in squaw valley, california renee salas – emergency medicine physician known for her work on climate change peter pronovost - intensive care physician known for his work on patient safety