essential oils high in eugenol and thymol (such as thyme and clove oils). antiperspirants may also contain levomethamphetamine pathology some diseases of the sweat glands include: fox-fordyce diseasethe apocrine sweat glands become inflamed, causing a persistent, itchy rash, usually in the axillae and pubic areas. frey's syndromeif the auriculotemporal nerve is damaged (most often as a result of a parotidectomy), excess sweat can be produced in the rear of the cheek area (just below the ear) in response to stimuli that cause salivation. heatstrokewhen the eccrine glands become exhausted and unable to secrete sweat. heatstroke can lead to fatal hyperpyrexia (extreme rise in body temperature). hidradenitis suppurativaoccurs when the skin and sweat glands become inflamed with swollen lumps. these are typically painful and break open, releasing fluid or pus. the most commonly affected areas are the underarms, under the breasts, and the groin. hyperhidrosis(also known as polyhidrosis or sudorrhea) is a pathological, excessive sweating that can be either generalized or localized (focal hyperhidrosis); focal hyperhidrosis occurs most often on the palms, soles, face, scalp and axillae. hyperhidrosis is usually brought on by emotional or thermal stress, but it can also occur or with little to no stimulus. local (or asymmetrical) hyperhidrosis is said to be caused by problems in the sympathetic nervous system: either lesions or nerve inflammation. hyperhidrosis can also be caused by trench foot or encephalitis. milaria rubraalso called prickly heat. milaria rubra is the rupture of sweat glands and migration of sweat to other tissues. in hot environments, the skin's horny layer can expand due to sweat retention, blocking the ducts of eccrine sweat glands. the glands, still stimulated by high temperatures, continues to secrete. sweat builds up in the duct, causing enough pressure to rupture the duct where it meets the epidermis. sweat also escapes the duct to adjacent tissues (a process called milaria). hypohydrosis then follows milaria (postmiliarial hypohydrosis). osmidrosisoften called bromhidrosis, especially in combination with hyperhidrosis. osmohidrosis is excessive odor from apocrine sweat glands (which are overactive in the axillae). osmidrosis is thought to be caused by changes in the apocrine gland structure rather than changes in the bacteria that acts on sweat. tumors sweat gland tumors include: acrospiroma aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma apocrine gland carcinoma ceruminoma cutaneous myoepithelioma cylindroma eccrine carcinoma hidradenoma papilliferum hidrocystoma microcystic adnexal carcinoma mucinous carcinoma papillary eccrine adenoma poroma porocarcinoma syringadenoma papilliferum syringofibroadenoma syringoma adenolipomas are lipomas associated with eccrine sweat glands. as signs in other illnesses many diseases cause sweat gland dysfunction: acromegaly, a result of excess growth hormone, causes the size of sweat glands increase, which leads to thicker skin. aquagenic wrinkling of the palms, in which white papules develop on the palms after exposure to water, can sometimes come with abnormal aquaporin 5 in the sweat glands. cystic fibrosis can be diagnosed by a sweat test, as the disease causes the sweat glands ducts to reabsorb less chloride, leading to higher concentrations of chloride in the secreted sweat. ectodermal dysplasia can present a lack of sweat glands. fabry disease, characterized by excess globotriaosylceramide (gl3), causes a decrease in sweat gland function due to gl3 deposits in the eccrine glands. gm1 gangliosidoses, characterized by abnormal lipid storage, leads to vacuolization in eccrine sweat gland cells. hunter syndrome can include metachromin granules and mucin in the cytoplasm of the eccrine sweat gland cells. hypothyroidism's low levels of thyroid hormone lead to decreased secretions from sweat glands; the result is dry, coarse skin. kearns–sayre syndrome, a disease of the mitochondria, involves abnormal mitochondria in eccrine sweat glands. lafora disease is a rare genetic disorder marked by the presence of abnormal polyglucosan deposits. these "lafora bodies" appear in the ducts of sweat glands, as well as the myoepithelial cells of apocrine glands. lichen striatus, a self-limited eruption of small, slightly scaly papules, includes a lymphoid infiltrate around eccrine sweat glands. metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disease, leads to the accumulation of lipopigments and lysosomal residual bodies in the epithelial cells of sweat glands. neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis causes abnormal deposits of lipopigment in sweat gland epithelial cells (among other places). neutral lipid storage disease includes abnormal lipid deposits in cells, including those of the sweat gland. niemann-pick disease type c, another lipid storage disease, includes abnormal lipid storage in sweat glands. schindler disease causes cytoplasmic vacuoles that appear to be empty or contain filamentous material to manifest in eccrine sweat gland cells. small fiber peripheral neuropathy can damage the nerves that control the sweat glands. the sweat gland nerve fiber density test can diagnose this condition.