fatality rate (cfr) 73%) have been reported in bangladesh. who assesses the ongoing risk as high at the national level. research ribavirin, m102.4 monoclonal antibody, and favipiravir were being studied as treatments as of 2019. medication ribavirin has been studied in a small number of people. as of 2011 it was unclear whether it was useful, although a few people had returned to normal life after treatment. in vitro studies and animal studies have shown conflicting results in the efficacy of ribavirin against niv and hendra, with some studies showing effective inhibition of viral replication in cell lines, whereas some studies in animal models showed that ribavirin treatment only delayed but did not prevent death after niv or hendra virus infection. in 2013 the anti-malarial drug chloroquine was shown to block the critical functions needed for maturation of nipah virus, although no clinical benefit was observed. immunization passive immunization using a human monoclonal antibody, m102.4, that targets the ephrin-b2 and ephrin-b3 receptor-binding domain of the henipavirus nipah g glycoprotein was evaluated in the ferret model as post-exposure prophylaxis. m102.4 has been used in people on a compassionate use basis in australia, and was in pre-clinical development in 2013. society and culture the fictional mev-1 virus featured in the 2011 film contagion was based on a combination of nipah and measles virus. a malayalam movie, virus, was released in 2019, based on the 2018 outbreak of nipah virus in kerala, india. in series 4 episode 1 of the good karma hospital, a patient is admitted with nipah. episode 7 of the korean drama doctor john also features a nipah virus outbreak.