lisofylline lisofylline lisofylline (lsf) is a synthetic small molecule with novel anti-inflammatory properties. lsf can effectively prevent type 1 diabetes in preclinical models and improves the function and viability of isolated or transplanted pancreatic islets. it is a metabolite of pentoxifylline. lisofyllineclinical dataother names1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine (hdx)identifiers iupac name 1--3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6-dione cas number100324-81-0 npubchem cid501254chemspider438549 yuniil1f2q2x956chebichebi:143527chemblchembl1411 ycomptox dashboard (epa)dtxsid7058709 chemical and physical dataformulac13h20n4o3molar mass280.328 g·mol−13d model (jsmol)interactive image smiles o=c2n(c1ncn(c1c(=o)n2cccc(o)c)c)c inchi inchi=1s/c13h20n4o3/c1-9(18)6-4-5-7-17-12(19)10-11(14-8-15(10)2)16(3)13(17)20/h8-9,18h,4-7h2,1-3h3/t9-/m1/s1 ykey:nsmxqknuppxbrg-secbinfhsa-n y ny (what is this?) (verify) as well, lsf improves cellular mitochondrial function and blocks interleukin-12 (il-12) signaling and stat-4 activation in target cells and tissues. il-12 and stat-4 activation are important pathways linked to inflammation and autoimmune damage to insulin producing cells. therefore, lsf and related analogs could provide a new therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes. lsf also directly reduces glucose-induced changes in human kidney cells suggesting that lsf and analogs have the potential to treat the complications associated with diabetes. synthesis the r enantiomer of the pentoxyfylline analogue in which the ketone has been reduced to an alcohol shows enhanced activity as an inhibitor of acetyl coa over the parent drug. lisofylline synthesis: u.s. patent 5,567,704 nb for analogs see: