Eating disorder
Signs and symptoms
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by lack of maintenance of a healthy body weight, an obsessive fear of gaining weight or refusal to do so, and an unrealistic perception, or non-recognition of the seriousness, of current low body weight. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (self-induced vomiting, eating to the point of vomiting, excessive use of laxatives/diuretics, or excessive exercise). Fasting may also be used as a method of purging following a binge. Muscle dysmorphia is characterized by appearance preoccupation that one's own body is too small, too skinny, insufficiently muscular, or insufficiently lean. Muscle dysmorphia affects mostly males. Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurring binge eating at least once a week for over a period of 3 months while experiencing lack of control and guilt after overeating. The disorder can develop in individuals of a wide range of ages and socioeconomic classes. Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) is an eating or feeding disorder that does not meet full DSM-5 criteria for AN, BN, or BED. Examples of otherwise-specified eating disorders include individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa, who meet all criteria for AN except being underweight despite substantial weight loss; atypical bulimia nervosa, who meet all criteria for BN except that bulimic behaviors are less frequent or have not been ongoing for long enough; purging disorder; and night eating syndrome. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), which is characterized by strict adherance to a limited repertoire of foods. This disorder was previously known as selective eating disorder (SED). Compulsive overeating, which may include habitual "grazing" of food or episodes of binge eating without feelings of guilt. Diabulimia, which is characterized by the deliberate manipulation of insulin levels by diabetics in an effort to control their weight. Drunkorexia, which is commonly characterized by purposely restricting food intake in order to reserve food calories for alcoholic calories, exercising excessively in order to burn calories from drinking, and over-drinking alcohol in order to purge previously consumed food. Food maintenance, which is characterized by a set of aberrant eating behaviors of children in foster care. Gourmand syndrome, a rare condition occurring after damage to the frontal lobe. Individuals develop an obsessive focus on fine foods. Orthorexia nervosa, a term used by Steven Bratman to describie an obsession with a "pure" diet, in which people develop an obsession with avoiding unhealthy foods to the point where it interferes with a person's life. Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with insatiable appetite and morbid obesity. Pregorexia, which is characterized by extreme dieting and over-exercising in order to control pregnancy weight gain. Prenatal undernutrition is associated with low birth weight, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, hypertension, cardiovascular disease risk, and depression. Symptoms and complications vary according to the nature and severity of the eating disorder:
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