Sikhism
The religion developed and evolved in times of religious persecution. Two of the Sikh gurus—Guru Arjan (1563–1605) and Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–1675)—were tortured and executed by the Mughal rulers after they refused to convert to Islam. The persecution of Sikhs triggered the founding of the Khalsa, by Guru Gobind Singh, as an order to protect the freedom of conscience and religion, with qualities of a Sant-Sipāhī—a 'saint-soldier'.
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