Population decline
Alternative concept relative to skills
workforce.  Encouraging those women in the working age population who are not working to find jobs would increase the size of the workforce. Stop the decline of men in the workforce. In the United States the labor force participation of men has been falling since the late 1960’s. Increase the retirement age. Increasing the retirement age has the effect of increasing the working age population. Increase immigration.  A country can increase the size of its workforce by importing more migrants into their working age population. Natalism.  Natalism is a set of government policies and cultural changes that promote parenthood and encourage women to bear more children. Increasing the productivity of the workforce comes from creating new technology and new ways of doing things followed by capital investments in that technology and training in those new ways that works to spread them throughout the applicable workforce.  In the context of a stable or declining population, increasing workforce productivity is better than mostly short-term efforts to increase the size of the workforce.    Sometimes the concept of population decline is applied where there has been considerable emigration of skilled professionals. In such a case, the government may have ceased to reward or value certain skills (e.g. science, medicine and engineering), and sectors of the economy such as health care and technology may go into decline. Such characterizations have been made of Italy, Bulgaria and Russia in the period starting about 1990.
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