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DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR KANUNU1
- Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası'nca alım satımı yapılan konvertibl para şeklinde nakit sermaye,
- Doğal kaynakların aranması ve çıkarılmasına ilişkin haklar, gibi iktisadî kıymetler aracılığıyla;
Yabancı yatırımcıların Türkiye'de kurdukları veya iştirak ettikleri tüzel kişiliğe sahip şirketlerin, Türk vatandaşlarının edinimine açık olan bölgelerde taşınmaz mülkiyeti veya sınırlı ayni hak edinmeleri serbesttir.
Özel hukuka tabi olan yatırım sözleşmelerinden kaynaklanan uyuşmazlıklarını çözümü ile yabancı yatırımcıların idareyle yaptıkları kamu hizmeti imtiyaz şartlaşma ve sözleşmelerinden kaynaklanan yatırım uyuşmazlıklarının çözümlenmesi için; görevli ve yetkili mahkemelerin yanı sıra, ilgili mevzuatta yer alan koşulların oluşması ve tarafların anlaşması kaydıyla, millî veya milletlerarası tahkim ya da diğer uyuşmazlık çözüm yollarına başvurulabilinir. 2
27.2.2003 tarihli ve 4817 sayılı Yabancıların Çalışma İzinleri Hakkında Kanunun 23 üncü maddesi uyarınca Hazine Müsteşarlığı ve Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığınca müştereken hazırlanacak yönetmelikte; yabancı sermayeli şirket ve kuruluşlardan hangilerinin bu kapsama gireceği ile sözkonusu yönetmelik kapsamında izin verilecek kilit personelin tanımı ve çalışma izinlerine ilişkin özel nitelikteki diğer esas ve usuller belirlenir.
MADDE 4.- Müsteşarlık; kalkınma plan ve yıllık program hedeflerini, ülkenin genel ekonomik durumunu, dünyadaki yatırım eğilimleri ve ilgili kamu kurum ve kuruluşları ile özel kesim meslek kuruluşlarının görüşlerini dikkate alarak, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara ilişkin politikaların genel çerçevesini belirlemeye, bu amaçla diğer kuruluşların faaliyetlerine katılmaya yetkilidir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımları ilgilendiren mevzuatta yapılacak değişiklik ve yeni mevzuat taslakları hakkında Müsteşarlığın uygun görüşü alınır.
Mevzuatta, 6224 sayılı Kanuna yapılan atıflar bu Kanunun ilgili hükümlerine yapılmış sayılır.3
GEÇİCİ MADDE 1.- Bu Kanunun uygulanmasını göstermek üzere hazırlanacak yönetmelikler yürürlüğe girinceye kadar, mevcut kararname, tebliğ ve genelgelerin bu Kanuna aykırı olmayan hükümlerinin uygulanmasına devam olunur. Mevzuatta, 6224 sayılı Kanuna yapılan atıflar bu Kanunun ilgili hükümlerine yapılmış sayılır.4
LAW ON DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
Law No: 4875 Official Gazette No: 25141
Date of Enactment: 5 June 2003 Date of Official Gazette: 17 June 2003
Article 1 – The purpose of this Law is to set forth the principles regarding the encouragement of direct foreign investments, the protection of the rights of foreign investors and the compliance to international standards with respect to the definition of investment and investor, the conversion of the authorization and approval system to the information system for realization of direct foreign investments, and the augmentation of direct foreign investments through establishment of policies to that end. This Law covers the procedures applicable to direct foreign investments.
Article 2 – The following terms used in this Law shall have the meanings stated below:
Natural persons with foreign citizenship and Turkish citizens residing abroad who make direct foreign investments in Turkey.
Legal entities and international organizations established according to the laws of foreign countries, and making direct foreign investments in Turkey.
b) Direct foreign investment. Through the use of economical values such as the following items;
Brought by the Foreign Investor from abroad:
Cash capital in convertible money purchased and sold by the Central Bank of Republic of Turkey.
Corporate securities (excluding government bonds).
Industrial and intellectual ownership rights.
Procured locally by the Foreign Investor:
Profit, proceeds, moneys receivable or any other rights of financial value related to the investment.
Rights related to the exploration and extraction of natural sources.
The establishment of a new company or opening a branch.
To become a partner of an already existing company either by acquisition of shares from sources other than securities exchanges or by acquisition of at least 10% share or a right of voting equivalent to the same from the securities exchanges.
Principles Concerning the Direct Foreign Investments
Article 3 – a) Freedom of Investment and National Treatment
Unless otherwise stipulated by international agreements and the provisions of special laws:
1- The making of direct foreign investments in Turkey by foreign investors shall be free.
2- The foreign investors shall be subject to equal treatment as the local investors.
The direct foreign investments may not be expropriated or nationalized unless required by public interest and by payment of their values pursuant to the legislation currently in force.
c) Free Transfer
Any sums of net profit arising from the activities and operations of foreign investors in Turkey, dividends, proceeds of sales, payments of liquidation and indemnity, sums to be paid in accordance with license, management and other similar agreements as well as the principal and interest payments of foreign credits may be freely transferred abroad through banks or private finance institutions.
d) Acquisition of Real Property
The companies of legal entity status established in Turkey by foreign investors or the companies they participate in shall be free to acquire the ownership of real property or limited real rights in territories open to the Turkish citizens for acquisition of such property or rights.
e) Settlement of Disputes
For the settlement of disputes arising from the investment agreements subject to private law as well as for settlement of disputes arising from the public service franchise contracts and agreements, in addition to the courts of competent jurisdiction, the parties may apply to the national or international arbitration or seek other ways of settlement of disputes provided that the conditions stipulated in applicable legislation exist and the parties have reached mutual agreement.
f) The valuation of Non-cash Capital
The valuation of non-cash capital shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Turkish Commercial Code. In cases where the securities of companies founded in foreign countries are used as instruments of investment, the valuations carried out by those duly authorized according to the legislation of the country of origin, the experts designated by the Courts of the country of origin or the international valuation organizations.
g) Employment of Foreign Personnel
The Ministry of Labor and Social Security shall grant work permits to the personnel of foreign citizenships to be employed by the companies, branches and organizations to be established under this Law.
In a Regulation to be jointly prepared by the Undersecretariat of Treasury and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security pursuant to Article 23 of Law No. 4817 dated 27 February 2003 Concerning the Granting of Work Permits to Foreigners, other principles and procedures of special nature regarding which companies and organizations with foreign capital will fall within the scope of present Law as well as the definition and work permits of key personnel to be employed in accordance with said Regulation shall be set out.
The personnel to be employed within this framework shall not be subject to Subparagraph (b) of first Paragraph of Article 14 of Law No. 4817. The circumstances under which the first Paragraph of Article 13 of Law No. 4817 shall be applicable to the key personnel of foreign citizenship to be employed shall be set out in the said Regulation to be prepared.
h) Liason Offices
The Undersecretariat shall be authorized to grant permission to the companies established according to the Laws of foreign countries to open liason offices in Turkey provided that they will not be engaged in trade activities.
Policy Making and Asking for Information:
Article 4- The Undersecretariat shall be authorized to establish the general framework of police concerning direct foreign investments by taking into consideration the targets envisaged in the development plan and annual programs, the general economic status of the country, the trends of investment in the world and the opinions of relevant public establishments and organizations as well as the professional organizations of private sector, and also to participate in the activities of other organizations for this purpose. The approval of the Undersecretariat shall be required to be obtained with regard to the changes to be made in the legislation concerning direct foreign investments as well as with regard to the draft texts of new legislation.
In order to set up and further develop an information system for direct foreign investments, the Undersecretariat shall be authorized to ask any and all public establishments and organizations and the professional organizations of private sector to submit all statistical information about investments.
The foreign investors shall advise the statistical information about their investments to the Undersecretariat in accordance with the procedures and principles to be set out in the Regulation to be prepared by the Undersecretariat. Such information will be furnished only for statistical purposes, and may not be employed as a means of evidence.
Article 5 – a) Existing Organization with Foreign Capital
The companies established in accordance with Law No. 6224 dated 18 January 1954 shall be subject to this Law provided that their vested rights are reserved.
The principles concerning the application of this Law shall be set out in a Regulation to be prepared by the Undersecretariat within one month following the publication of this Law.
c) Provisions Rescinded
The Law No. 6224 dated 18 January 1954 Concerning the Encouragement of Foreign Capital is hereby rescinded. Any references made to Law No. 6224 in relevant legislation shall be deemed made to the relevant provisions of present Law.
d) Any amendments concerning the provisions of this Law may only be made either by adding a provision to this Law or by an amendment of this Law.
Interim Article 1- Until the Regulations to be prepared in order to elucidate the application of this Law will enter into force, those provisions of existing Decrees, Communiqués and Circulars which are not contrary to this Law shall continue to be applicable.
Article 6- This Law shall enter into force on the date of its publication.
Article 7- The provisions of this Law shall be enforced by the Council of Ministers.
1 TBMM Genel Kurulu’nda 5 Haziran 2003 tarihinde kabul edilen metindir. Metinde Genel Kurul değişiklikleri Anses tarafından işlenmiş olup, henüz resmi redaksiyonu tamamlanmamış metindir.
2 3. maddenin (e) bendi TBMM Genel Kurulu’nda verilen önergeyle değiştirilmiş olup, bu metinde önergeyle kabul edilen son hali yer almaktadır.
3 Maddenin © bendine TBMM Genel Kurulu’nda yapılan ekleme metne işlenmiştir.
4 Üstü çizili bölüm, 5. maddede yapılan değişiklik doğrultusunda Genel Kurul’da metinden çıkarılmıştır.