
_START_ARTICLE_
边那巴多共和国
_START_SECTION_
卡蒂普南及巴林塔瓦克起义
_START_PARAGRAPH_
1892年7月，菲律宾反殖民革命派安达斯·波尼斯奥成立秘密组织卡蒂普南，1896年8月26日卡蒂普南因计划败露而提前起义，因起义地在奎松巴林塔瓦克山，史称巴林塔瓦克起义。在卡蒂普南的号召下，菲律宾全境纷纷揭竿而起，埃米利奥·阿奎纳多就在此时在甲米地发动起义，占领了甲米地全境因而名声大噪。_NEWLINE_革命过程中，保守派阿奎纳多和主战派波尼斯奥的矛盾愈加激烈。1896年10月，阿奎纳多发布文告，将建立革命政府，却只字不提卡蒂普南。12月，革命大本营迁往甲米地，阿奎纳多拒不接受卡蒂普南的命令。1897年2月，在西班牙殖民军的围剿下，卡蒂普南退至吕宋北。
_START_SECTION_
特赫洛斯大会及临时政府
_START_PARAGRAPH_
1897年3月22日，在阿奎纳多任主席的特赫洛斯大会（Tejeros Convention）上，阿奎纳多及其支持者“马格达洛委员会”决议解散卡蒂普南、成立共和国临时革命政府。阿奎纳多当选为总统，马里亚诺·特里亚斯当选为副总统。然而波尼斯奥拒不承认大会的决定，也不承认革命政府，宣称要带领卡蒂普南继续革命。5月10日，波尼斯奥及其部下被阿奎纳多派人逮捕并以“叛国”之罪名处决，波尼斯奥的妻子亦未能逃过遭到强暴的厄运。
_START_SECTION_
投降西班牙殖民政府
_START_PARAGRAPH_
1897年底，菲律宾总督普里莫·德里维拉（Primo de Rivera）认识到镇压革命军已无可能，于是决定派遣马尼拉著名律师佩德罗A. 帕特诺（Pedro A. Paterno）与阿奎纳多政府进行谈判。帕特诺早在革命期间就斡旋于双方政权，穿梭外交的努力终于换来阿奎纳多的妥协，促成阿奎纳多与殖民政府于1897年12月14日签订《边那巴多条约》（Pact of Biak-na-Bato，或译《破石洞条约》）。边那巴多共和国成立仅一个月便宣告解体。。_NEWLINE_根据条约内容，西班牙政府不逮捕革命者也不追究其责任，给予阿奎纳多集团十万比索，在菲律宾实行行政和立法改革，3年内实行菲律宾自治；而革命组织需要解散军队，停止武装斗争，阿奎纳多被驱逐出境（后流亡香港）。条约声明全文如下：_NEWLINE_(1) That I would, and any of my associates who desired to go with me, be free to live in any foreign country. Having fixed upon Hongkong as my place of residence, it was agreed that payment of the indemnity of $800,000 (Mexican) should be made in three installments, namely, $400,000 when all the arms in Biak-na-Bató were delivered to the Spanish authorities; $200,000 when the arms surrendered amounted to eight hundred stand; the final payment to be made when one thousand stand of arms shall have been handed over to the authorities and the Te Deum sung in the Cathedral in Manila as thanksgiving for the restoration of peace. The latter part of February was fixed as the limit of time wherein the surrender of arms should be completed._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_(2) The whole of the money was to be paid to me personally, leaving the disposal of the money to my discretion and knowledge of the understanding with my associates and other insurgents._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_(3) Prior to evacuating Biak-na-Bató the remainder of the insurgent forces under Captain-General Primo de Rivera should send to Biak-na-Bató two General of the Spanish Army to be held as hostages by my associates who remained there until I and a few of my compatriots arrived in Hongkong and the first installment of the money payment (namely, four hundred thousand dollars) was paid to me._NEWLINE__NEWLINE_(4) It was also agreed that the religious corporations in the Philippines be expelled and an autonomous system of government, political and administrative, be established, though by special request of General Primo de Rivera these conditions were not insisted on in the drawing up of the Treaty, the General contending that such concessions would subject the Government to severe criticism and even ridicule.
_START_SECTION_
宪法及制度
_START_PARAGRAPH_
边那巴多共和国宪法由菲利克斯·费勒（Felix Ferrer）与伊萨贝罗·阿塔琼（Isabelo Artacho）根据古巴宪法几乎是原文照搬而来。这部宪法实行民主共和制、“最高委员会制”（议会制），于1897年12月2日正式实施。