b'\n_START_ARTICLE_\nDeni\xc5\x86u kauls\n_START_SECTION_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbca\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcai, jeb piram\xc4\xabdai (pars petrosa (pyramis)) ir tr\xc4\xabsst\xc5\xabra piram\xc4\xabdas forma, t\xc4\x81 ir novietota horizont\xc4\x81l\xc4\x81 plakn\xc4\x93 ar virsotni uz priek\xc5\xa1u un medi\xc4\x81li, bet pamatne v\xc4\x93rsta uz mugurpusi un later\xc4\x81li un p\xc4\x81riet aizauss da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 (pars mastoidea). Piram\xc4\xabdai ir tr\xc4\xabs virsmas: priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 (facies anterior), mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 (facies posterior) un apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsma (facies inferior), k\xc4\x81 ar\xc4\xab tr\xc4\xabs malas: priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 mala (margo anterior), aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 mala (margo superior) un mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 mala (margo posterior). Piram\xc4\xabdas galotn\xc4\x93 (apex partis petrosae) ir miega art\xc4\x93rijas kan\xc4\x81la iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 atvere (canalis caroticus)._NEWLINE_Deni\xc5\x86u kaula akmens da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 atrodas bungdobums - tas ir ~1 cm\xc2\xb3 liels, ar gaisu bild\xc4\xabts dobums, kas pieder pie vidusauss (auris media). \xc5\xa0aj\xc4\x81 dobum\xc4\x81 atrodas dzirdes kauli\xc5\x86i. \xc5\xa0aj\xc4\x81 da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 atrodas ar\xc4\xab deni\xc5\x86u kaula kan\xc4\x81li un iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s auss (auris interna) visas da\xc4\xbcas - gliemezis, priek\xc5\xa1telpa un pusloka kan\xc4\x81li.\n_START_SECTION_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsma\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nUz akmens da\xc4\xbcas priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s virsmas (facies anterior) atrodas gluds laukums - bungdobuma jumts (tegmen tympani). Uz priek\xc5\xa1pusi no bungdobuma jumta ir lokveida pac\xc4\x93lums (eminentia arquata), no kura medi\xc4\x81li un uz priek\xc5\xa1u atrodas liel\xc4\x81 akmens nerva kan\xc4\x81la atvere (hiatus canalis nervi petrosa majoris), kas tuv\xc4\x81k aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93jai malai savienojas ar sejas nerva kan\xc4\x81lu (canalis facialais), k\xc4\x81 ar\xc4\xab maz\xc4\x81 akmens nerva kan\xc4\x81la atvere jeb bungdobuma kan\xc4\x81li\xc5\x86a aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 atvere (hiatus canalis nervi petrosa minoris s. apertura superior canaliculi tympanici). No abu kan\xc4\x81lu atver\xc4\x93m atiet rievi\xc5\x86as, kur\xc4\x81s iegu\xc4\xbc attiec\xc4\xabgie nervi. Pie piram\xc4\xabdas virsotnes ir trijzaru nerva iespiedums (impressio trigemini).\n_START_SECTION_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsma\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsm\xc4\x81 (facies posterior) redzama iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 auss ejas atvere (porus acusticus internus), kas ved iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 auss ej\xc4\x81 (meatus acusticus internus).\n_START_SECTION_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsma\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s virsmas later\xc4\x81laj\xc4\x81 da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 ir \xc4\xablenveida izaugums (processus styloideus), k\xc4\x81 priek\xc5\xa1a ir \xc4\xablenveida izauguma un aizauss paugura atvere (foramen stylomastoideum). Medi\xc4\x81li no \xc4\xablenveida izauguma atrodas j\xc5\xabga bedre (fossa jugularis), bet uz \xc5\xa1\xc4\xb7autnes starp j\xc5\xabga bedri un miega art\xc4\x93rijas kan\xc4\x81la \xc4\x81r\xc4\x93jo atveri - akmens bedr\xc4\xabte (fossula petrosa), kuras dzi\xc4\xbcum\xc4\x81 atveras bungdobuma kan\xc4\x81li\xc5\x86a (canaliculus tympanicus) apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 atvere. Uz priek\xc5\xa1u no j\xc5\xabga bedres atrodas miega art\xc4\x93rijas kan\xc4\x81la (canalis caroticus) apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 atvere.\n_START_SECTION_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcas malas\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAkmens da\xc4\xbcai ir tr\xc4\xabs malas: priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81, mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 un aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81. Uz aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s malas atrodas aug\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 akmens sinusa rieva (sulcus sinus petrosi superioris), bet uz mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s malas - apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 akmens sinusa rieva (sulcus sinus petrosi inferioris). Uz mugur\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s malas ir ar\xc4\xab j\xc5\xabga ierobs (incisura jugularis), kas piedal\xc4\x81s j\xc5\xabga atveres veido\xc5\xa1an\xc4\x81 (foramen jugulare), k\xc4\x81 ar\xc4\xab glieme\xc5\xbea kan\xc4\x81li\xc5\x86a \xc4\x81r\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 atvere (apertura externa canaliculi cochleae).\n_START_SECTION_\nAizauss da\xc4\xbca\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nAizauss da\xc4\xbca (pars mastoidea) ir akmens da\xc4\xbcas turpin\xc4\x81jums later\xc4\x81l\xc4\x81 virzien\xc4\x81. Aizauss da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 ir mas\xc4\xabvs izaugums uz leju - aizauss paugurs (processus mastoideus), kas veidojas p\xc4\x93c dzim\xc5\xa1anas. Aizauss paugura iek\xc5\xa1ien\xc4\x93 ir aizauss paugura \xc5\xa1\xc5\xabnas (cellualae mastoideae) un aizauss paugura dobums (antrum mastoideum), kas ir pild\xc4\xabti ar gaisu. Aizauss paugura medi\xc4\x81laj\xc4\x81 pus\xc4\x93 ir aizauss paugura ierobs (incisura mastoidea), kam paral\xc4\x93li iet sekla pakau\xc5\xa1a art\xc4\x93rijas rieva (sulcus arteriae occipitalis). Virs ieroba ir neliela aizauss paugura atvere (foramen mastoideum), kas atveras kaula iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsm\xc4\x81 S veida sinusa riev\xc4\x81.\n_START_SECTION_\nBungdobuma da\xc4\xbca\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nBungdobuma da\xc4\xbcai (pars tympanica) ir izliektas pl\xc4\x81tn\xc4\xabtes forma un t\xc4\x81 veido \xc4\x81r\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s auss ejas sienas. Bungdobuma da\xc4\xbc\xc4\x81 atrodas ar\xc4\xab bungdobuma un akmens da\xc4\xbcas sprauga (fissura petrotympanica), kas savienojas ar bungdobumu.\n_START_SECTION_\nZv\xc4\xab\xc5\x86as da\xc4\xbca\n_START_PARAGRAPH_\nZv\xc4\xab\xc5\x86as da\xc4\xbca (pars squamosa) atrodas uz aug\xc5\xa1u un uz priek\xc5\xa1u no bungdobuma da\xc4\xbcas un veido cilv\xc4\x93ka galvaskausa smadze\xc5\x86u da\xc4\xbcas later\xc4\x81lo sienu. Zv\xc4\xab\xc5\x86as da\xc4\xbcai ir divas virsmas: deni\xc5\x86u virsma (facies temporalis) un smadze\xc5\x86u virsma (facies cerebralis). Deni\xc5\x86u virsmas (\xc4\x81r\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81s virsmas) apak\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 mal\xc4\x81 ir vaiga izaugums (processus zygomaticus), kas iet uz priek\xc5\xa1u un, savienojoties ar vaiga kaula deni\xc5\x86u izaugumu, veido vaiga loku (arcus zygomaticus). Zem vaiga izauguma ir dzi\xc4\xbca apak\xc5\xbeok\xc4\xbca bedre, kuras priek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x81 ir cilindrisks pac\xc4\x93lums - loc\xc4\xabtavas pauguri\xc5\x86\xc5\xa1 (tuberculum articulare). Loc\xc4\xabtavas bedre un pauguri\xc5\x86\xc5\xa1 piedal\xc4\x81s apak\xc5\xa1\xc5\xbeok\xc4\xbca loc\xc4\xabtavas veido\xc5\xa1an\xc4\x81. Iek\xc5\xa1\xc4\x93j\xc4\x81 virsm\xc4\x81 (smadze\xc5\x86u virsm\xc4\x81) ir asinsvadu rievas (sulci arteriosi et venosi), smadze\xc5\x86u kroku un rievu iespiedumi bedr\xc4\xab\xc5\xa1u un pac\xc4\x93lumu veid\xc4\x81 (impressiones digitatae et juga cerebralia).'