Old Irish – Morphosyntactic Structures, Part 3
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Griffith, Aaron
This lecture is a continuation of the "Morphosyntactic Structures, Part 3" video. It features a text sample from the Táin bó Froích.
 Hello and welcome to the text sample video for Morphosyntactic structures part 3. So as you have grown to expect, we are in the middle of the Heinebau Freuch. And right now, Freuch has secretly met with Findever, who has given him a token of her love, a ring. And here we will focus on the predication structures we've discussed in part 3 of the video. So I'm going to start by reading the text and the translation and then we'll look at some individual forms. I fear, says Eilil, that girls eloping with Freuch. If she were given to him, it would not be in vain, says Methith, and he might come to us with his cattle to help us with the cattle raid. Here you simply have to understand that this is a sort of pre-tale to the large epic Heinebau Freuch, where Methith and Eilil invade Ulster and try to steal Ulster cattle. And so she's basically saying, if we marry Freuch and Findever, then maybe he will help us with the cattle raid. But back to the grammar. So the important points here are the following. Here we see an example of a deponent verb. Ad agathir means to fear, ad agor is I fear. And it is a deponent verb, but as I said, deponents have no meaning. I want to point it out simply because it's an example of basically a dying category. Probably more interesting is eloth. This is an example of a verbal noun, eloping. And as a verbal noun, it then takes a genitive dependent. So in this case, they are afraid of their daughter eloping with Freuch. To elope is an intransitive verb, so the genitive in this case, in a hinjina, is the subject of the verbal noun. Eloth. So in a hinjina ugoth, that's the subject of the verbal noun. And the rest of the sentence, so to elope with someone in a finite verb, takes la, and it does as well as a non-finite verb. The other interesting part here is do berth, which is a passive verb. So here they're talking about findever. So if we give findever to him, but this is a passive, so if she is given to him. So the subject of the passive verb is the old object. That would be findever. And do to him the recipient remains the same in the active and the passive sentence. Okay, let's move on to the second slide. Do teed freuch kuku is a dech nim a galdwe. In gogher fild liv or freuch dot alfasuand ol alel. In di wereld daufsa for ninghen or freuch im meneket intluich. Freuch comes to them in the house of council. Is it a private meeting which you are having, says freuch? It will include you in it, says alel. Will you give your daughter to me, says freuch? The hosts look at each other. There are a few interesting points here. I'm going to start at the bottom. Im meneket. The verb here is adki to see, but there is the reciprocal morpheme imma at the beginning. So instead of being a transitive verb, well a normal transitive verb, like the hosts see something, this means the hosts look at each other. They see each other, they look at each other. If we move up here, the main thing here is this is a standard example of nominative, accusative alignment with a finite transitive, di transitive verb. So di vered means will you give and then for ninghen your daughter, accusative, dav to me with the prepositional expression of the indirect object. Finally, at the top, this has two points that are interesting for what we've talked about today. First, the verb is the substantive verb, ata. And that's because this sentence has a nominal subject, kogor, meeting, and the predicate is a prepositional phrase, liv. This sort of nonverbal predication actually requires a verb, the substantive verb. The second point which is interesting is that this is one of the expressions for possession. So is it a private meeting which you are having? Literally, is it a private meeting which is with you? But this is one of the ways that the Irish uses to express possession. Okay, let's move on. Do pierther ol eilel dir dugetinschre, avel as berther. Rot via ol freuch. She will be given, says Eilel, if you give the bride price as it will be named. You will have it, says freuch. Here, there is one main point of interest and that is here, rot via. This is a substantive verb, you will have it. So this is again the possession with the substantive verb, a different way than we saw on the previous slide where it was done prepositionally. This is done with an infixed pronoun and the substantive verb. So literally, talking about the bride price, the bride price will be to you, you will have the bride price, you will have it with the infixed pronoun. You. Good. This is the text sample for part three of Morphosyntactic Structures. I hope you are enjoying hearing a little bit more about freuch and findeber. In any case, however, ad placher inditiv dweef. Thank you. Thank you for your attention.
 Hello and welcome to the text sample video for Morphosyntactic structures part 3.  So as you have grown to expect, we are in the middle of the Heinebau Freuch.  And right now, Freuch has secretly met with Findever, who has given him a token of her love, a ring.  And here we will focus on the predication structures we've discussed in part 3 of the video.  So I'm going to start by reading the text and the translation and then we'll look at some individual forms.  I fear, says Eilil, that girls eloping with Freuch.  If she were given to him, it would not be in vain, says Methith, and he might come to us with his cattle to help us with the cattle raid.  Here you simply have to understand that this is a sort of pre-tale to the large epic Heinebau Freuch,  where Methith and Eilil invade Ulster and try to steal Ulster cattle.  And so she's basically saying, if we marry Freuch and Findever, then maybe he will help us with the cattle raid.  But back to the grammar.  So the important points here are the following.  Here we see an example of a deponent verb.  Ad agathir means to fear, ad agor is I fear.  And it is a deponent verb, but as I said, deponents have no meaning.  I want to point it out simply because it's an example of basically a dying category.  Probably more interesting is eloth.  This is an example of a verbal noun, eloping.  And as a verbal noun, it then takes a genitive dependent.  So in this case, they are afraid of their daughter eloping with Freuch.  To elope is an intransitive verb, so the genitive in this case, in a hinjina, is the subject of the verbal noun.  Eloth.  So in a hinjina ugoth, that's the subject of the verbal noun.  And the rest of the sentence, so to elope with someone in a finite verb, takes la,  and it does as well as a non-finite verb.  The other interesting part here is do berth, which is a passive verb.  So here they're talking about findever.  So if we give findever to him, but this is a passive, so if she is given to him.  So the subject of the passive verb is the old object.  That would be findever.  And do to him the recipient remains the same in the active and the passive sentence.  Okay, let's move on to the second slide.  Do teed freuch kuku is a dech nim a galdwe.  In gogher fild liv or freuch dot alfasuand ol alel.  In di wereld daufsa for ninghen or freuch im meneket intluich.  Freuch comes to them in the house of council.  Is it a private meeting which you are having, says freuch?  It will include you in it, says alel.  Will you give your daughter to me, says freuch?  The hosts look at each other.  There are a few interesting points here.  I'm going to start at the bottom.  Im meneket.  The verb here is adki to see, but there is the reciprocal morpheme imma at the beginning.  So instead of being a transitive verb, well a normal transitive verb, like the hosts see  something, this means the hosts look at each other.  They see each other, they look at each other.  If we move up here, the main thing here is this is a standard example of nominative,  accusative alignment with a finite transitive, di transitive verb.  So di vered means will you give and then for ninghen your daughter, accusative,  dav to me with the prepositional expression of the indirect object.  Finally, at the top, this has two points that are interesting for what we've talked about today.  First, the verb is the substantive verb, ata.  And that's because this sentence has a nominal subject, kogor, meeting, and the predicate  is a prepositional phrase, liv.  This sort of nonverbal predication actually requires a verb, the substantive verb.  The second point which is interesting is that this is one of the expressions for possession.  So is it a private meeting which you are having?  Literally, is it a private meeting which is with you?  But this is one of the ways that the Irish uses to express possession.  Okay, let's move on.  Do pierther ol eilel dir dugetinschre, avel as berther.  Rot via ol freuch.  She will be given, says Eilel, if you give the bride price as it will be named.  You will have it, says freuch.  Here, there is one main point of interest and that is here, rot via.  This is a substantive verb, you will have it.  So this is again the possession with the substantive verb, a different way than we saw on the previous  slide where it was done prepositionally.  This is done with an infixed pronoun and the substantive verb.  So literally, talking about the bride price, the bride price will be to you, you will have  the bride price, you will have it with the infixed pronoun.  You.  Good.  This is the text sample for part three of Morphosyntactic Structures.  I hope you are enjoying hearing a little bit more about freuch and findeber.  In any case, however, ad placher inditiv dweef.  Thank you.  Thank you for your attention.
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