Mathematics in DAISY Books
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Persoon, Emilia
DAISY is a digital format for the representation of multimedia information such as text, audio and images. DAISY is an acronym for Digital Accessible Information SYstem. The open standard has been developed and is maintained by the DAISY Consortium. It has been adopted in many countries worldwide to provide accessible information to people with a print impairment, such as blind people, people with limited vision and people with dyslexia or other learning disabilities. The standard is used by production centres and libraries for a wide variety of information, ranging from leisure reading, educational and professional literature to newspapers and magazines. Delivery formats include audio-only books, text–only books and hybrid books containing synchronised audio and text. DAISY books can be played with DAISY hardware and software players. The standard offers rich markup options which enables users to navigate directly to specific sections, chapters, pages and sentences within a book. Other features are searching within text, resuming the last reading position and adding bookmarks. In 2007 the DAISY standard was extended to include MathML. Previously, mathematical formulas had to be inserted as images accompanied by a textual or audio description. With the new extension formulas are accessible in itself, making it possible to explore them step by step. Recently, manufacturers of production tools and DAISY players have been incorporating the processing of MathML in DAISY books in their software.
 Okay, good morning, my name is Emilia Bergzon. I'm a project manager at BDICOM at the Department of Research and Development. BDICOM is the organization in the Netherlands that makes information accessible for people with a print impairment. So we make information accessible for people with visual impairment and this includes for instance blind people but also people with low vision and a large target group also are the dyslexic people that Neil already mentioned this morning. I was asked to give it to tell you something about Daisy. Now I know that part of the audience is very well familiar with Daisy but my talk is more aimed at the people who don't know so much about Daisy. So well my apology to the other half maybe of the audience. What I'm going to talk about is Daisy, what it is and I'll show you how it works. I'll pay especially some attention to mathematics and Daisy and I'll tell you something about the current developments. Well Daisy, Daisy is an acronym. It stands for Digital Accessible Information System and it is a digital format to represent multimedia information and multimedia information in this case and you could think of audio, text, images, and in the future also for instance video. Daisy is an open standard. It's worldwide in use in many countries and it's developed and maintained by the Daisy Consortium. The Daisy Consortium is a construction that was formed in the 90s and there are many... Oh, okay. Well, this is a bit confusing. Okay, maybe I should say more like this. Didn't you get anything of what I said? Yes? Okay. So Daisy Consortium is composed of organizations who work especially for visually impaired like libraries for the blind, producers for blind and visually impaired people, but there are also many friends of the Consortium, vendors of equipment, developers of new tools, etc. I think the best thing to do is first show you, give you a little demonstration of how Daisy works. I think the starting point to keep in mind is to think of audiobooks or audio cassettes. We had that in the Netherlands and in many countries that was one way of providing blind people or visually impaired people with a means to have access to content, to books. When you have for instance a textbook when you're in school and it's a bit of a larger type of textbook, then you would have typically like 10 or 20 maybe cassettes, well all of them having two sides and the only way to navigate through them will be fast forward or rewind and know which cassettes to take to pick. With Daisy there's a huge improvement in the navigation through your content and also now I have to put it on this. We'll see you guys. Welcome by Victor Reader. With Daisy you will have, you typically will have your book on one CD or only SD memory card for instance, so that's much more portable than having like 10 or 15 cassette tapes and the book will be much more structured. So I've put in a CD in here and I've picked an English exporter book so that maybe you can follow what's being said but Daisy player is a Dutch one so the acoustic signals coming from the Daisy player will be in Dutch but I will tell you what's happening here. So this is a very simple version of a Daisy player, very suitable for people who don't want a very complicated device. There are much more sophisticated ones that you can look at after my talk. This one has big buttons like a cassette player for play, fast forward and rewind. So first I hope this will work like this and I'll let you hear with you how it sounds. Popular culture and introduction. The aim of this book is to first introduce students and other interested readers to the starting contemporary popular culture. So that would be just play and stop but because this book has added structure to it I can navigate through the levels of the book and levels of the book would typically be the chapters of the book, the subsections of the book, the preface and I'll let you hear this. So now it's at level one. I'm now at level one. Level one will be the chapter level so if I go to the next one within this level. Chapter two, television. So you will hear it will go to chapter two if I go to the next one. Chapter three, fiction. So this is a way to navigate through the book a bit like a sighted person would do, just search for the next chapter or the next subsection. You can also navigate on page level so if your teacher says it tells you look at page 87 in your book, you can with the more complicated version of this player you can type in 87, go to that page and you're immediately there where your classmates will be. Or if you have to do your homework you can find the paragraph where you are supposed to do your assignments. Another nice feature is that I hope you can hear that, is that I can speed up or let it go slower. Reading the Copula. Big culture and environment first published in 1933. There are more settings that you can adjust but this is to show me that a user can do a lot to accommodate his preferences. On the screen you can see I've listed some of the features like the audio is rather good quality even when you make many copies of your master recording. It's unlike with an audio cassette recording where the quality diminishes, here the audio quality stays the same. And also when you use your book fast forwarding, revining, etc. it doesn't spoil your book. The possibility, well I already mentioned you don't have all these cassette tapes, there are several levels of navigation, several ways of navigating through the book, you can adjust the rate and there are several other settings that you can change. Now I just showed you a hardware player and there are many, here is a smaller one, but this is a very sophisticated one, you can do much more with this and this is a very portable one, especially for blind users, it was designed especially for blind users. So there is no screen on it, just buttons, you can feel what you can do and everything is in acoustic signal. So I showed you these hardware versions, there are also software versions to use on your computer. And this is one example of them, this is the GH player and I have permission from the vendor GH to use this, this is an early release, it's not yet the final one, so it's not perfect yet, but still I can show you what I mean. First I will show you a simple book, quite a simple book, it's an Italian book and here you can see that you have the text and you will hear the audio, but the audio is recorded with synthetic voice because I didn't have an Italian reader at home to record. So I hope, well we will see how it sounds to you. A software player will typically have, at the bottom you see some buttons to play and go forward and go backward. There are some navigation, there is a section where you can use to navigate through the book, so you can go by page level, you can go by section level, you can even go per sentence or for some groups, even per word, you can go through your book. And at the top there is a button bar that you can use to set your preferences, so for instance you can zoom in. You can change the contrast in the book, you can change the colours in the background and foreground, so you can choose a different font. You can adjust the volume and again the rate, which is represented by a running character or a more slow going character. And you can change if you want, so you can, oh this is set to audio. You can also use synthetic speech with this GHP. Now I will have to find the audio. This always works, of course. Ok, I will start to play. No, I will go. Ok. Now, to me this sounds a bit fast, to the Italian people I think, no? Sorry? It's normal. So I will put the rates a bit slower. But you can see what happens is that while you hear the audio, the text is highlighted with it. And this is a synchronisation between the text and the audio. And as Neil already told, this can be very helpful for people with dyslexia, but also for people with low vision because they have some support, people with other learning disabilities. Here at the left in the screen you can see there is a, I will zoom in on that, you can see there is a kind of a table of contents. And I can go to, for instance, 3.1 by clicking on that. And this is a way to navigate through my book. Again, there is the structure, the Daisy structure that I use to navigate through it. You can see that you can even have levels beneath that. Also you can have the pages. Now on the left you can see the pages and you can say, okay, I want to go to some special page and continue my reading over there. For Daisy books now you just have seen an audio only book which I showed you with the hardware player. You've seen a text and audio book and you can also have text only books. A text only book would be useful for someone using Braille, for instance, or also synthetic speech. The reading material that they make available in this way is really everything that you can think of. So, leather reading, newspapers and magazines, text books and education, and that varies from the beginning to primary school until academic level, so universities and professional literature. Special benefits from using the Daisy format is the portability, the audio quality, no physical deterioration, the navigation that it provides. You can search if you have a text only or a text and audio book. You can really search within your text so you can really look for some words and start reading from there. There are adjustable settings and another feature is that scalability of elements. So if you are listening to audio cassette you have to go through everything that's only, for instance, if all the footnotes are in there, well, you have to either listen to them or fast forward through them. In Daisy there is the possibility that you can say, okay, I do want to read the footnotes too or I want them turned off and that goes for footnotes but also for other elements that you can have in a book. Well, we are here for the accessibility of math and sciences. So I will talk a little bit about math in Daisy. Until recently you could include math in a Daisy book but only by providing it as an image. So a formula would be turned into an image and an image in itself is not very accessible to people with visual impairment. So you would have to add some text and that text would be available in text format or in an audible format. But you would have no navigation within a formula. So you could not use any user-divide settings to represent this formula. And because the Daisy Free Standard has this possibility to extend the Daisy Standard with other standards, the Daisy Consortium said, okay, let's install a working group to look especially at this problem. We extend Daisy so that mathematics gets more accessible. The working group has, well, I'm part of that working group and several members of the working group are here today in the audience also. The working group has actually come up with a modular extension to Daisy. It was approved last year and it also happens to be the first modular extension to Daisy so we hope that other applications will follow. At the right you can see the Daisy logo and there is the special one where MathML is added. To extend Daisy for MathML, for Mathematics, sorry, we used MathML. MathML is a W3C standard so you're quite safe at that side. Math is saved as structured information, not in some specific rendering. It allows you to present whatever content you have in a wide range of formats. For instance, again as a graphic formula, two dimensional one, or as real as text-to-speech as a large print. Also, MathML enables you to navigate at a very fine level through the formula. I will demonstrate that in a moment. Again, we have the possibility of synchronizing and highlighting audio and text even within a formula. I'll show you an example of this in GH Player. This is really special because in GH Player they already have an established version of GH Player for all the Daisy books that are around. This one that I'm showing you is already prepared for the use of Math. I'm going to open a Math book and now you can see a splash screen coming up that says Math Player that Mille talked about this morning. It's the case that GH works together with, for instance, the right side and uses the technology of Math Player to make Math work. I have an example here of a book with formulas in it. It is a Facebook, or rather, a Facebook. It is an equals fraction y minus y sub zero over x minus x sub zero, n fraction. Area n circum. So what you could hear maybe as you do the formula again, what you will hear is n equals, and then it will say something like start fraction or begin fraction, and, sorry? Just fraction. Just a little bit of assistance. Technical assistance. So I'll let you hear this again. And over x sub zero, from y sub zero, close is n equals fraction y minus y sub zero over x minus x sub zero, n fraction. Okay. Now I'm thinking as a student, well, this was a bit fast. I want to explore this formula. And now I go into the word navigation. The area is a simple root of radius in order to be represented by the variable. Word navigation, right? So if I go again to this formula. And equals fraction y minus y sub zero. Okay, now in the middle of the formula. And now with my arrow buttons, I can navigate through it. Zero over x minus x sub zero comma. So what you will hear is x minus x sub zero. And I can also go back. x sub minus x zero minus y, fraction equals. So maybe for this formula, it doesn't seem so impressive, but there are very huge formulas where it can be really practical to go through it part by part. Can you skip? Can you skip the formulas? Can you skip some expressions? Well, yeah, you can go to another level and then it just reaches the complete thing. Like in Montag. No, you don't mean that. It was not in the case. Yes, it was in the case of something in parenthesis or you could say, Skip the denominator. Skip the denominator. No, that's not there at the moment. But because we use Mark Mel, you could make it like that. So you could have your application do that. So I just showed you a math and math aware player. I love the question. Okay. Yeah. In regard to the previous question, sometimes it's valuable to be able to characterize some part of the equation. Can you hear me now? Sometimes it's useful to characterize some parts of the equations as, for example, parenthetical parts of the equation as just that without explaining that. Can you do that? At the moment, that functionality isn't there, but because you save all the information in Mark Mel within the Daisy Book, you could program something, you could add this functionality. It's not there yet, but it might be a good idea to propose that to, for instance, GH and tell them, well, I would really like this functionality added. Yeah, like in the math, Jimmy, it would say x equals, begin fraction, sub-expression, and then something else, component one, and then you can go back and dive into that to better understand it. And sometimes that's really good for editing. People want to get an idea of the structure we have to make. Exactly. So this is just the beginning of this. And again, because it's all in Mark Mel, you have this structure, you could make use of that and have some program or some application that says, okay, first I do the course level, and then I go to the fine grade level. Math and L for a handy first, tell you where Tom suddenly put it, beginning and end, because it's tree structure. And that's what the math tree does, it really uses math and L to its fullest as one of what you really implement. Are you planning on implementing those features in the future? Well, I'm not from GH, but I can certainly suggest it to them. Well, I can find the wrong one. Okay. So an advanced Math and L player, as you just saw, will have a native understanding of Math and L structures and semantics. It is able to render and navigate within the Math and L content in an intelligent way. We may be even more intelligent in the future with the suggestions from the audience. The Math image is created dynamically, and the reader is able, using such a player to adjust the way how your Math is read. Again, this is also in the beginning stage, and there are many ideas about how you could improve on this. So the production of these books in general would be done in production centers, in countries, in Italy you have them too. So you will have studios for recording of books, and you will have text production for braille or for magnification purposes. You can also have, as an individual, you can also produce crazy, and that's what I wanted to show you, how you can yourself at home or at work, and I will use a daisy document. I will use, it's very short outline here, I will use Word 2007, it will also work with 2003 and Word 2002 or XP. I will make a Word document with Math in it, save it as daisy from within Word, and then play it in the player if there's still time for that. So I'll show you. This is Word 2007. Of course. Yeah, I can type in that to save some time. I already prepared the documents. Oh, this is not a lot. Okay, yeah. I added some profiles, so I used the profiles, the styles in Word, so this is title, this has a title style. There are headings in it, some headings, and here you can see at the bottom there's a Math formula, and I made that with the equation builder that's provided with the Word. Then I go over here where you have your normal buttons like new, open, save, etc. And you can see I have installed a save as daisy add in, which you can download for free. If I choose that save as daisy, a window should appear. Yes, there it is. It will take the title, the part that I marked as title. It will add some extra things, and when I... Oh, this wasn't really... Okay. That will translate into... it will take the Word document, including with the Math, and it will translate it into an XML document, a daisy XML document. And without... okay, okay, successfully translated the document. And when I go to... now there is... there should be... Oh, here it is. So there is a MyState in Milan, XML document, and this document will have Math in it. I can put it in the G8 player just like that. Anyone that pursues MyState in Milan, Chapter 1, Saturday. So now I'll go to the math part. What? To point to do some mathematics. Let me insert an equation. Open X, put it so close, sprint, email. Yeah, okay. So I'll go to the math part. Can you hear some laughing? As I said, it's not perfect yet. So there's a slight mistake in the translation within the formula, but this is the fine-tuning stage where they are... As I said, this is an early release, and I'm already very proud that I can show you this. Because this is directly... you're just sitting at your desk, you open words, you make your work document, you insert your math, and you have a ready-to-play Daisy XML file. The Daisy construction also has a Daisy pipeline, and part of that is that you can take this Daisy XML file, put it in the pipeline, also for free, you can now use it for free, and it will turn it into a complete Daisy book, which you will be able to play with your Daisy player, your hardware Daisy player, for instance. So I'll leave it to that, due to time. Maybe there are more questions which Berna maybe will not allow. So you can talk to me in the break, so you can talk to me in the break, and also if you would like a demonstration, an individual demonstration, I have three types of Daisy players and software, please come to me and ask me on that. Thank you.
 Okay, good morning, my name is Emilia Bergzon. I'm a project manager at  BDICOM at the Department of Research and Development. BDICOM is the  organization in the Netherlands that makes information accessible for people  with a print impairment. So we make information accessible for people with  visual impairment and this includes for instance blind people but also people  with low vision and a large target group also are the dyslexic people that  Neil already mentioned this morning. I was asked to give it to tell you  something about Daisy. Now I know that part of the audience is very well  familiar with Daisy but my talk is more aimed at the people who don't know so  much about Daisy. So well my apology to the other half maybe of the audience.  What I'm going to talk about is Daisy, what it is and I'll show you how it  works. I'll pay especially some attention to mathematics and Daisy and I'll  tell you something about the current developments.  Well Daisy, Daisy is an acronym. It stands for Digital Accessible Information  System and it is a digital format to represent multimedia information and  multimedia information in this case and you could think of audio, text, images,  and in the future also for instance video.  Daisy is an open standard. It's worldwide in use in many countries and it's  developed and maintained by the Daisy Consortium. The Daisy Consortium is a  construction that was formed in the 90s and there are many...  Oh, okay. Well, this is a bit confusing. Okay, maybe I should say more like this.  Didn't you get anything of what I said? Yes? Okay. So Daisy Consortium is composed of  organizations who work especially for visually impaired like libraries for the  blind, producers for blind and visually impaired people, but there are also many  friends of the Consortium, vendors of equipment, developers of new tools, etc.  I think the best thing to do is first show you, give you a little demonstration  of how Daisy works. I think the starting point to keep in mind is to think of  audiobooks or audio cassettes. We had that in the Netherlands and in many  countries that was one way of providing blind people or visually impaired  people with a means to have access to content, to books. When you have for  instance a textbook when you're in school and it's a bit of a larger type of  textbook, then you would have typically like 10 or 20 maybe cassettes, well all of  them having two sides and the only way to navigate through them will be fast  forward or rewind and know which cassettes to take to pick. With Daisy  there's a huge improvement in the navigation through your content and also  now I have to put it on this. We'll see you guys.  Welcome by Victor Reader. With Daisy you will have, you typically will have your  book on one CD or only SD memory card for instance, so that's much more  portable than having like 10 or 15 cassette tapes and the book will be  much more structured. So I've put in a CD in here and I've picked an English  exporter book so that maybe you can follow what's being said but Daisy player  is a Dutch one so the acoustic signals coming from the Daisy player will be in  Dutch but I will tell you what's happening here. So this is a very simple  version of a Daisy player, very suitable for people who don't want a very  complicated device. There are much more sophisticated ones that you can look at  after my talk. This one has big buttons like a cassette player for play, fast  forward and rewind. So first I hope this will work like this and I'll let you  hear with you how it sounds.  Popular culture and introduction.  The aim of this book is to first introduce students and other interested readers to the  starting contemporary popular culture. So that would be just play and stop but  because this book has added structure to it I can navigate through the  levels of the book and levels of the book would typically be the chapters of the book,  the subsections of the book, the preface and I'll let you hear this.  So now it's at level one. I'm now at level one. Level one will be the chapter level so if I go to the next one within this level.  Chapter two, television. So you will hear it will go to chapter two if I go to the next one.  Chapter three, fiction. So this is a way to navigate through the book a bit like a  sighted person would do, just search for the next chapter or the next subsection.  You can also navigate on page level so if your teacher says it tells you look at page 87 in your book,  you can with the more complicated version of this player you can type in 87, go to that page and you're immediately there where your classmates will be.  Or if you have to do your homework you can find the paragraph where you are supposed to do your assignments.  Another nice feature is that I hope you can hear that, is that I can speed up or let it go slower.  Reading the Copula. Big culture and environment first published in 1933.  There are more settings that you can adjust but this is to show me that a user can do a lot to accommodate his preferences.  On the screen you can see I've listed some of the features like the audio is rather good quality even when you make many copies of your master recording.  It's unlike with an audio cassette recording where the quality diminishes, here the audio quality stays the same.  And also when you use your book fast forwarding, revining, etc. it doesn't spoil your book.  The possibility, well I already mentioned you don't have all these cassette tapes, there are several levels of navigation,  several ways of navigating through the book, you can adjust the rate and there are several other settings that you can change.  Now I just showed you a hardware player and there are many, here is a smaller one, but this is a very sophisticated one,  you can do much more with this and this is a very portable one, especially for blind users, it was designed especially for blind users.  So there is no screen on it, just buttons, you can feel what you can do and everything is in acoustic signal.  So I showed you these hardware versions, there are also software versions to use on your computer.  And this is one example of them, this is the GH player and I have permission from the vendor GH to use this,  this is an early release, it's not yet the final one, so it's not perfect yet, but still I can show you what I mean.  First I will show you a simple book, quite a simple book, it's an Italian book and here you can see that you have the text  and you will hear the audio, but the audio is recorded with synthetic voice because I didn't have an Italian reader at home to record.  So I hope, well we will see how it sounds to you. A software player will typically have, at the bottom you see some buttons to play and go forward and go backward.  There are some navigation, there is a section where you can use to navigate through the book, so you can go by page level,  you can go by section level, you can even go per sentence or for some groups, even per word, you can go through your book.  And at the top there is a button bar that you can use to set your preferences, so for instance you can zoom in.  You can change the contrast in the book, you can change the colours in the background and foreground, so you can choose a different font.  You can adjust the volume and again the rate, which is represented by a running character or a more slow going character.  And you can change if you want, so you can, oh this is set to audio.  You can also use synthetic speech with this GHP. Now I will have to find the audio.  This always works, of course.  Ok, I will start to play.  No, I will go.  Ok.  Now, to me this sounds a bit fast, to the Italian people I think, no?  Sorry? It's normal.  So I will put the rates a bit slower.  But you can see what happens is that while you hear the audio, the text is highlighted with it.  And this is a synchronisation between the text and the audio. And as Neil already told, this can be very helpful for people with dyslexia,  but also for people with low vision because they have some support, people with other learning disabilities.  Here at the left in the screen you can see there is a, I will zoom in on that, you can see there is a kind of a table of contents.  And I can go to, for instance, 3.1 by clicking on that.  And this is a way to navigate through my book.  Again, there is the structure, the Daisy structure that I use to navigate through it.  You can see that you can even have levels beneath that.  Also you can have the pages. Now on the left you can see the pages and you can say,  okay, I want to go to some special page and continue my reading over there.  For Daisy books now you just have seen an audio only book which I showed you with the hardware player.  You've seen a text and audio book and you can also have text only books.  A text only book would be useful for someone using Braille, for instance, or also synthetic speech.  The reading material that they make available in this way is really everything that you can think of.  So, leather reading, newspapers and magazines, text books and education, and that varies from the beginning  to primary school until academic level, so universities and professional literature.  Special benefits from using the Daisy format is the portability, the audio quality,  no physical deterioration, the navigation that it provides.  You can search if you have a text only or a text and audio book.  You can really search within your text so you can really look for some words and start reading from there.  There are adjustable settings and another feature is that scalability of elements.  So if you are listening to audio cassette you have to go through everything that's only, for instance,  if all the footnotes are in there, well, you have to either listen to them or fast forward through them.  In Daisy there is the possibility that you can say, okay, I do want to read the footnotes too  or I want them turned off and that goes for footnotes but also for other elements that you can have in a book.  Well, we are here for the accessibility of math and sciences.  So I will talk a little bit about math in Daisy.  Until recently you could include math in a Daisy book but only by providing it as an image.  So a formula would be turned into an image and an image in itself is not very accessible to people with visual impairment.  So you would have to add some text and that text would be available in text format or in an audible format.  But you would have no navigation within a formula.  So you could not use any user-divide settings to represent this formula.  And because the Daisy Free Standard has this possibility to extend the Daisy Standard with other standards,  the Daisy Consortium said, okay, let's install a working group to look especially at this problem.  We extend Daisy so that mathematics gets more accessible.  The working group has, well, I'm part of that working group and several members of the working group are here today in the audience also.  The working group has actually come up with a modular extension to Daisy.  It was approved last year and it also happens to be the first modular extension to Daisy so we hope that other applications will follow.  At the right you can see the Daisy logo and there is the special one where MathML is added.  To extend Daisy for MathML, for Mathematics, sorry, we used MathML.  MathML is a W3C standard so you're quite safe at that side.  Math is saved as structured information, not in some specific rendering.  It allows you to present whatever content you have in a wide range of formats.  For instance, again as a graphic formula, two dimensional one, or as real as text-to-speech as a large print.  Also, MathML enables you to navigate at a very fine level through the formula.  I will demonstrate that in a moment.  Again, we have the possibility of synchronizing and highlighting audio and text even within a formula.  I'll show you an example of this in GH Player.  This is really special because in GH Player they already have an established version of GH Player for all the Daisy books that are around.  This one that I'm showing you is already prepared for the use of Math.  I'm going to open a Math book and now you can see a splash screen coming up that says Math Player that Mille talked about this morning.  It's the case that GH works together with, for instance, the right side and uses the technology of Math Player to make Math work.  I have an example here of a book with formulas in it.  It is a Facebook, or rather, a Facebook.  It is an equals fraction y minus y sub zero over x minus x sub zero, n fraction.  Area n circum.  So what you could hear maybe as you do the formula again, what you will hear is n equals, and then it will say something like start fraction or begin fraction, and, sorry?  Just fraction.  Just a little bit of assistance.  Technical assistance.  So I'll let you hear this again.  And over x sub zero, from y sub zero, close is n equals fraction y minus y sub zero over x minus x sub zero, n fraction.  Okay.  Now I'm thinking as a student, well, this was a bit fast.  I want to explore this formula.  And now I go into the word navigation.  The area is a simple root of radius in order to be represented by the variable.  Word navigation, right?  So if I go again to this formula.  And equals fraction y minus y sub zero.  Okay, now in the middle of the formula.  And now with my arrow buttons, I can navigate through it.  Zero over x minus x sub zero comma.  So what you will hear is x minus x sub zero.  And I can also go back.  x sub minus x zero minus y, fraction equals.  So maybe for this formula, it doesn't seem so impressive, but there are very huge formulas where it can be really practical to go through it part by part.  Can you skip?  Can you skip the formulas?  Can you skip some expressions?  Well, yeah, you can go to another level and then it just reaches the complete thing.  Like in Montag. No, you don't mean that.  It was not in the case.  Yes, it was in the case of something in parenthesis or you could say,  Skip the denominator.  Skip the denominator. No, that's not there at the moment.  But because we use Mark Mel, you could make it like that.  So you could have your application do that.  So I just showed you a math and math aware player.  I love the question. Okay.  Yeah. In regard to the previous question, sometimes it's valuable to be able to characterize some part of the equation.  Can you hear me now?  Sometimes it's useful to characterize some parts of the equations as, for example, parenthetical parts of the equation as just that without explaining that.  Can you do that?  At the moment, that functionality isn't there, but because you save all the information in Mark Mel within the Daisy Book,  you could program something, you could add this functionality.  It's not there yet, but it might be a good idea to propose that to, for instance, GH and tell them, well, I would really like this functionality added.  Yeah, like in the math, Jimmy, it would say x equals, begin fraction, sub-expression, and then something else, component one,  and then you can go back and dive into that to better understand it. And sometimes that's really good for editing.  People want to get an idea of the structure we have to make.  Exactly. So this is just the beginning of this. And again, because it's all in Mark Mel, you have this structure,  you could make use of that and have some program or some application that says, okay, first I do the course level,  and then I go to the fine grade level.  Math and L for a handy first, tell you where Tom suddenly put it, beginning and end, because it's tree structure.  And that's what the math tree does, it really uses math and L to its fullest as one of what you really implement.  Are you planning on implementing those features in the future?  Well, I'm not from GH, but I can certainly suggest it to them.  Well, I can find the wrong one.  Okay. So an advanced Math and L player, as you just saw, will have a native understanding of Math and L structures and semantics.  It is able to render and navigate within the Math and L content in an intelligent way.  We may be even more intelligent in the future with the suggestions from the audience.  The Math image is created dynamically, and the reader is able, using such a player to adjust the way how your Math is read.  Again, this is also in the beginning stage, and there are many ideas about how you could improve on this.  So the production of these books in general would be done in production centers, in countries, in Italy you have them too.  So you will have studios for recording of books, and you will have text production for braille or for magnification purposes.  You can also have, as an individual, you can also produce crazy, and that's what I wanted to show you, how you can yourself at home or at work,  and I will use a daisy document. I will use, it's very short outline here, I will use Word 2007, it will also work with 2003 and Word 2002 or XP.  I will make a Word document with Math in it, save it as daisy from within Word, and then play it in the player if there's still time for that.  So I'll show you. This is Word 2007.  Of course.  Yeah, I can type in that to save some time. I already prepared the documents.  Oh, this is not a lot.  Okay, yeah. I added some profiles, so I used the profiles, the styles in Word, so this is title, this has a title style.  There are headings in it, some headings, and here you can see at the bottom there's a Math formula, and I made that with the equation builder that's provided with the Word.  Then I go over here where you have your normal buttons like new, open, save, etc.  And you can see I have installed a save as daisy add in, which you can download for free.  If I choose that save as daisy, a window should appear. Yes, there it is.  It will take the title, the part that I marked as title.  It will add some extra things, and when I...  Oh, this wasn't really...  Okay.  That will translate into... it will take the Word document, including with the Math, and it will translate it into an XML document, a daisy XML document.  And without... okay, okay, successfully translated the document.  And when I go to... now there is... there should be...  Oh, here it is.  So there is a MyState in Milan, XML document, and this document will have Math in it.  I can put it in the G8 player just like that.  Anyone that pursues MyState in Milan, Chapter 1, Saturday.  So now I'll go to the math part.  What?  To point to do some mathematics. Let me insert an equation. Open X, put it so close, sprint, email.  Yeah, okay.  So I'll go to the math part.  Can you hear some laughing?  As I said, it's not perfect yet.  So there's a slight mistake in the translation within the formula, but this is the fine-tuning stage where they are...  As I said, this is an early release, and I'm already very proud that I can show you this.  Because this is directly... you're just sitting at your desk, you open words, you make your work document,  you insert your math, and you have a ready-to-play Daisy XML file.  The Daisy construction also has a Daisy pipeline, and part of that is that you can take this Daisy XML file,  put it in the pipeline, also for free, you can now use it for free, and it will turn it into a complete Daisy book,  which you will be able to play with your Daisy player, your hardware Daisy player, for instance.  So I'll leave it to that, due to time.  Maybe there are more questions which Berna maybe will not allow.  So you can talk to me in the break, so you can talk to me in the break, and also if you would like a demonstration,  an individual demonstration, I have three types of Daisy players and software,  please come to me and ask me on that.  Thank you.
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