ADEM (Breathe)
CC Attribution 3.0 Unported:
You are free to use, adapt and copy, distribute and transmit the work or content in adapted or unchanged form for any legal purpose as long as the work is attributed to the author in the manner specified by the author or licensor.
Wieers, Dag
The aim of this project is to create a device that collects air pollution data (PM2.5 and PM10 fine dust) and is mounted on bicycles to crowdsource factual air pollution information in and around the city of Ghent, Belgium.
 Hello, welcome. This talk is about Adam. My name is Dagwijers. I've been here a few times in the past, but that was five years ago, two children ago, some weight ago. But it's nice to be back. This time it's about a project that I'm involved with. Myself, I'm a freelance, well, system administrator or system engineer. So not really something that is related to this project, but anyhow. The project is a time-lapse project. A time-lapse is an organization, it's a non-profit organization in Ghent, which is like a fab lab. It brings people together to work on creating stuff. They have laser cutters, 3D printers, CNC, freezing machines, I don't know if it's in English like that. It's called that in English. But it was founded in 2010 out of a different organization, but they reoriented to becoming a fab lab. And they also do projects. So from time to time, I think twice a year, they think of new projects to do and motivating people to, as a volunteer, to work on those projects. These are citizen projects in the sense that they try to motivate just citizens, not professionals, not science people. It's not paid for, so it's purely on a voluntary basis. Time-lapse also does workshops related to creating stuff and using the machines and a lot of other stuff as well. Also around project management and things that are also needed to have successful projects. They also do boot camps, they do Arduino jams, like 48 hours Arduino jams. And they also pay for residences for art students or students that have a nice idea, they have to answer to a call for papers. They have, I think, two apartments where people can live. So it's usually international people that can add something to time-lapse and at time-lapse can also add something to their project. They also use their space for people for free if you want to have a space where you want to work. So you don't even have to be a member to make use of their space. And they have free Friday lunches. It's supported by the city of Ghent and the Flemish government, but it's not self-sufficient, so they do require you to pay something if you want to make use of their equipment on a continuous basis. Except, of course, if you're involved in one of those creation projects like I am with Adam. So what does it look like? It's something like this. It's actually much larger, but this is a view of what it looks like on a busy day. And the nice thing, obviously, is that it brings people together. So you learn a lot if you're stuck with something. You can ask anyone. Using the machines or even technical stuff or explaining something. So it's like Frostconn a bit. We have a very nice logo because we also have designers inside of TimeLock, which is also nice because you can do something that looks more professional as well. Also designing, what do you call it? Product design, like building cases and stuff like that. So that's very useful because usually someone is very good at a certain thing and here you have everything mixed. So the goal of the Adam project is actually to monitor the air quality in Ghent. Specifically in Ghent because we want to start small. But the aim is to give the user direct feedback of the air quality at the location where he is. With a little bit of delay probably, but good enough for people to understand if there is an issue with the air pollution. But also another thing we would like to do is to collect this information and publish it because we think that open data can help governments make better decisions. And so the idea was to create a mobile device that collects this information from time to time. It uploads it to a central location and that data is then because it's raw data, the device itself doesn't do a lot of calculations or mathematical or statistical manipulations. We do that centrally based on all the information we got. And obviously the idea is to create public awareness as well. And thanks to some of the marketing people that we also have in the project, we have a very fancy idea of trying to get to the public media. Because we really want to get some air play on television and stuff like that once we have this thing going. And why are we doing it? Because we can. But not just that. The idea itself actually originated in the fact that one of the founders of the time loop project delivered a son, a baby boy to this world. And he had a long problem. And he was still very sensitive to air pollution and especially to fine dust. And this project, at this moment we are only focusing on what they call particulate matter, which is fine dust. But obviously once we have this finished and the second revision of this device, we could add more sensors. But the problem, why did we focus on fine dust? It's because it's the least known, we have the least data of fine dust. So usually the CO or NOX or all those ozone, these are very easy to monitor and there's lots of data around that. But particulate matter is really something that is, you need specific calibrated devices which are quite expensive. So yeah, there's not a lot of information about it. And if there's information, it's usually an average over a long period. And the thing with air pollution, it's not about what the average is over a year, it's what you have, where you are today on a continuous basis. So that's why we don't think what the government is showing is actually relevant to us, to the citizens, to everyone. So yeah. So we live in the beautiful city of Ghent, which looks like this. We think it's the most beautiful city in Europe, the world maybe. And we have a lot of bicycles. It's a bit like Amsterdam. It's a student city, a lot of students, I think 60,000 students. The population is 260,000. At those students too, it's more than 300,000 people. And the bike is very, very much used. So our idea was to make a mobile device to put on a bike. The beautiful city also has two highways and one highway going directly into the city, which is part of the problem we think. And you can see that from this, this is a picture of last year, it has been renovated while we preferred maybe to have it demolished instead. And I live somewhere at the end of that. So it's green, but don't let the trees fool you. It doesn't help a lot. So in the big city of Ghent, we have only two official air pollution stations. And they were strategically chosen to put somewhere, I think more than one and a half year, to decide where to put it. Far away from a lot of things that create pollution. And we do meet the European levels, which I can show you later, are quite broad. There is an average for the whole year, so it doesn't matter how many spikes there are. And then there are, I think, 35, you can go over the limit, 35 times a year or something. But as I said, those yearly averages don't mean a lot and it's micro measurement that we actually need. So, and that's what we want to change. Obviously, like I said, it's not just particulate matter that makes up the air quality, there are other factors. But as I said, it's the least known variable. The city council is taking the environment seriously. That's what I say. So, yeah, we hope that they do. We'll see. There is obviously a lot of frustration with some people because it might bring the city into a bad or negative publicity. There's also some negativity from the, how do you call it, the Emo? Is it Emo in German as well? The people that sell houses, they are afraid that this information will lower the prices for houses on, because usually the prices of the houses where the prices are high, there is also a lot of pollution because it's those places where a lot of traffic or a lot of, you know, the buses are, the trams are, things like that. So, it's very convenient, but also very, very, well, dangerous to our health. The most important thing about my presentation is in fact the technical side, because this is a technical conference, and this is what the device looks like. It's going to change a bit, but this is how it looks like. It consists of a few things. Let me first talk about the goals we have. We want to create an open device that we can build locally, because the idea is if we are going to create this, this is not something that is specific to Gantt. Everybody could help on this, could use the same device. So, we want to build something that everybody can build themselves. So, the components we use should be cheap, should be easy to get hands on. The code is open source, obviously, documentation is open as possible, because we have to write it first. The design of the casing, it's, we're using general things that you can buy everywhere with 3D printed pieces. It's a modular design, because obviously people want to have different combinations of things. So, the idea is that you can swap drivers, or in some later version we can detect which sensors we have, and we will automatically adapt to that. We try to reuse as much as possible in open source, because we have limited resources ourselves as well. And we believe in open source, obviously. And the most important thing is that the data will be open. So, it's open for everyone to make use of it. Which also has the danger or threat that those people that want to put us in a bad spotlight can obviously use that data to manipulate it as well. And that's why we have to be very careful to indicate what it is, because we're not a scientific project. We measure stuff, but as, yeah, the information we gather is raw data, cannot use it immediately. So, we hope that by putting this raw data out, we also attract scientific universities that are going to use this information to do something with that. So, we have to be careful, because it's raw data, and as much as we'd like to tell people, walk here and not over there, because that's dangerous, we cannot simply say that. I will go into that when I talk about sensors as well. So, this is the device. This was the first prototype when we knew what pieces we were going to use. This is when you're building it and testing stuff. Once you're certain that it works, it looks like this. Less connections. Well, the connections are actually fixed. What are we using? Those that know a little bit about hardware have seen some things. We used the Sparkfen ESP8266, which is in fact a Wi-Fi chipset. We started off with something different. The original idea was to use Bluetooth for communication and use a normal microcontroller, but this is actually quite affordable, and with Wi-Fi on board, we can use Wi-Fi, which is much more convenient for sending data back to our own servers. Almost all of the sensors are I2C. I don't know if it's... How do you call it? I2C. A lot of things... I2C. Okay. I remember that. What did you say? InterIC. I see. Okay. I didn't know. Yeah. Let me add a big disclaimer. I'm not the smartest guy in the team we have. I only joined three months ago. I learned all this stuff by doing it. I know I square C now a bit, but I'm not writing the drivers myself. I did write a lot of the code, but not this part. I'm not that experienced with electronics myself, although I'm learning, so it's getting better all the time. We're using the PPD42. It's probably not that known because it's very specific to what we're doing. Let me put this down. This is, in fact, the device. The device actually has a resistor underneath the heat of air, which we are probably going to remove because it's also using up a lot of the battery power and the air is sucked in underneath and it's pulled out at the top. This is a black room where there's a high sensitive light sensor. There is a light beam that actually bounces off to find this part. We get an interrupt for each particle that we see. If I come back to what I said earlier, the scientific value of this, usually the fine dust values that are used are based on micrograms per cubic meter. This only counts dust particles. Dust particles, actually we have two types of dust particles. Those that are smaller than 10 micrograms and those that are smaller than micrometers and those that are smaller than 2.5 micrometers. That's the only two factors that we have. We have to do some calculations to and probably calibration with real devices to have a sense of how good the air quality is. But it will always be something that is relative to other devices. We cannot say compared to the official way of measuring it's this. But if we know because we have fixed stations and maybe at some time more fixed stations that are calibrated, if a bike crosses that and it senses that information and we have hundreds of bikes crossing those, we can do statistical analysis of all that information and compare it. Then we can say this is better, this is worse. We don't know exactly how much better or how much worse. We could know that but not with some difference as well. But it will not be real scientific or it cannot be used as raw data anyhow. In the device we need some things to help us. We have an accelerometer to know if we are moving or not. We also use it to see if it's been shaken. I will come back to that as well. Obviously we want to know when we are moving because we want to go into a low battery mode if we are standing still. If we are not moving we can also test the Wi-Fi to see if there is a Wi-Fi as an ID that we know about and to try to get our data out. Was there something else I wanted to say about accelerometer? The humidity sensor, there is a humidity sensor on it. In fact the humidity sensor does temperature but the accelerometer has a temperature sensor as well. The air pressure sensor has a temperature sensor as well so we have three times the same information. The humidity is important because there is a relation between fine dust and humidity. If we want to take that into account as well we need this information at the same place and the same time as the other information. Air pressure is the same. With the humidity sensor and the air pressure sensor we also want to see if it's raining for instance. We don't know if we can get that out of there but it may help us to get this information. We could obviously also take into account other weather information that is public like the air, where the air is coming from and the speed of the air. But at the moment we are not taking that into account but this is something to correlate as well so it would be nice to see what the influences of air at a certain location on the air pollution. Then we have the biggest trouble maker in our set, it's the GPS. Why is this a big problem? The GPS requires a serial communication. We are limited in the number of pins we have on this SparkFund ESP8266 and it's a pain for us. There are GPS devices that have an I2C interface and in fact this one has one as well but we cannot make it work for some reason. We try to connect those pins but we cannot make it work. If you look on the internet for I2C GPS's they all have this electronic stuff in between to convert between your serial and I2C. The idea now with a lot of regret because I want to keep things simple but the only affordable way to do this except for buying the I2C GPS which is quite expensive, it adds 15 euros or 20 euros on top of the price we have now. We are thinking of using the Arduino PoM mini, create firmware, actually there is a project that creates firmware for serial to I2C interfaces so we are now looking at that but this is the part that is not implemented now. In fact we are using the GPS with a serial interface at the moment and we don't have a buzzer and that's how we do it. But actually we need two pins if we also want to talk to the GPS to configure it properly so actually this is the way to go. Obviously if you have better IDs. Yes, yes, indeed. The original ID was to only have to read from the GPS but the problem is it's sending a lot of information, it's buffering, it makes no sense at all and you can configure the GPS to only give you information every one second or things like that or you can also say I only want this type of information with the more advanced GPS but indeed if we can have this one process the information we have it in the correct format that we need. The communication, the communication of the device but I will show you later we are using GCN for communicating everything well to the serial console for testing and also to send it out over Wi-Fi. So the information, well if you want to have the details about how we store the information we can discuss this later because we also created something fancy to use as little storage as possible. There's also we are planning to also add an ID to see memory, to have more memory for buffering more information but at the moment for testing we don't need it yet. So as I showed you this is the current device. When I joined there was not a lot of code produced we did have some test code for the individual sensors and when I joined I didn't know what I could help with so I started with documenting everything which is nice because then I know a little bit about the different sensors and how the project was conceived but I very quickly started to write the main loop and the main loop is something that is I knew a little bit of Arduino that you had the setup and the main loop but I didn't know how to get something like this going and the first time I tried to implement this I had a lot of if-else statements and it was a lot of it was interesting because it learned to me it was interesting to learn how this would work but then the second revision it became better we started to use cases and then I had an epiphany which is probably for most of you very obvious to use a state machine. A state machine and a state machine written with double cases double switch blocks one for determining which state we are in and changing states and the other one to to to have the state transition as well because we want to run something when we are in one of the states we want to run something continuously and if we're going to move from one state to the other we have to do some preparation or breaking down stuff while we're moving and so there are if you look at the code and I can go over that if there's interest and there is if there's time it looks very neat now so I learned a lot with that as well. The thing is when we start the device the start state is actually not a real state it's the beginning it's what we are when we start the device and we quickly go into sleep mode and depending on information coming from the sensor we go to different we go to different states so if you're in if you're in sleep mode we're not moving because if we're moving we go to the GPS test state if we're not moving but it was shaken we go to the config state which brings up a wiffy access point where you can connect to and then you can configure the SSIDs you want to use for uploading your data you can also say if the device is stationary or not because we also want to have non-mobile devices at some point and we also want to know if the device is located in-door or outdoor because we are for the project itself we're only interested in outdoor information but as a person I would like to know what the information is indoor so that's something that you can configure in the config stage and after some time or okay is pressed or whatever we go back to sleep if we are moving we enable the GPS and we're waiting until we get sensible information if we get proper information and the GPS is ready and we're still moving we go into the collect state I can show you this but not here because I don't have GPS here but I show you because we also added some debugging commands so through the serial you can say GPS is ready even though it isn't we fake that we're moving we fake that we have GPS and then we can test going to all these states same for the we fee test if we are not moving and the buffer is not empty so we have data we will probably add some periods in here that from time to time we want to check if we fee because it's very again it's we don't we want to save the battery as much as possible we go into we fee test if we have a fix for the we fee we upload our information and then we go back and we go back to sleep so it's very easy and I wish I had this from the beginning the firmware design as I stated the most important thing was code readability because we want people to to help and to join the project and to be able to adapt it to their own needs it's a simple state machine with state transitions as we call them yeah we want to have the ice at ice square see bus scanning which may be possible it depends I don't know how the how unique the IDs are but that's the problem I but maybe for the sensors that we are at maybe it's possible we'll have to see and then even if the IDs are not unique if you know that there are multiple you can test you can test if it works and we're working through github so as I said everything is open source we also have in github individual test examples for individual drivers and libraries to test if our own usually we have wrapper libraries for sensors if they are working correctly to configure them or to stuff with them we also have a PCB design but the first PCB design we have to redo but it looks a bit like this you can find how does it called kai cut or key cuts so we have key cut drawings but we'll we have to do that so this is the current status before I arrived in the project they already did a lot of selecting sensors and also for the fine dust sensor there are a few of them and they have all been tested together with a calibrated device so I was not part of that but that also took a lot of time to find what was the best combination of all that and now we are here we're busy doing the second prototype using the GPS I square C we hope to finish this in the next few months to be honest we had hoped to finish the first prototype with everything working before the holidays but we didn't make it especially because of the GPS if we would have made the I square C GPS pins to work then it could have worked but it seems it's not that easy to do then there are lots of functionality every time we have a meeting and new people join the meeting they have the same or new IDs and it's very nice but it doesn't bring us to a working device so while this is very nice and if you have new IDs let me know because I'm going to make a list of them to shortcut every deviation of discussions we have but one of the things is that's also why we have this this accelerometer is that we can measure if we on a bike if we have lots of bumps and if lots of bikes have lots of bumps at the same place we can give this information to those bike organizations that discuss with the government that bikes roads should be better as I said we want to include more sensor data or sensor information although for some of these we already have a lot of a lot of devices in Ghent so some of the information is already available but may not be open we want to support outside and in-house stationary devices as I said we are living very close to the end of the highway there's lots of traffic jams before our house and so it would be nice to know exactly what to do should we open the front windows no I told my wife never open them except maybe it's specific in the weekends or we always use the back windows but having that data would probably also for the awareness create a lot of people thinking about what they should do or how they should handle auto calibration of devices I told you if we pass each other we could think of not calibrating the device itself because we only want to have the raw data from the device also because if that information is somehow not usable because the device is somehow broken we want to know we want to see that when we're trying to put everything together and make checks of the data quality there is the idea of if we have this data which is already properly manipulated to get real information out of that we want to be able to have an application that gives you that same information even though you don't need the sensors in your device that would be nice as well it would also be nice to know what times of the day or what days it's better and what days it's worse and stuff like that or what the influence of the weather is it would also be nice to be able to show that in real time for instance people that are waiting in their traffic jams causing the traffic jam that they see what the quality is or even have those devices inside of your car because inside of the car it's also not quite healthy and if they know that maybe if we all start to use the bike there's no problem anymore. Yeah well I'm not sure if it is because the fine dust I don't know if they can filter that out and the ultra fine dust is even worse and that's what we cannot measure with this equipment so it's even worse and if you know that well I have some slides if we have some time or there are some questions after the questions I have some slides about the different types of pollution and the sizes of each because smoke if your cigarette smoke is very very bad it's ultra fine dust in some cases so yeah. This is the project information if you're interested in maybe joining a residency because you have a nice ID this is the time-lapse information unfortunately well it's mostly Dutch but I think there's some translated stuff unfortunately the websites of the Adam project which is the website to the public that one is in Dutch the GitHub everything is in English but for the communication to the citizens it's unfortunately it's Dutch but we have Google translate I guess. If you're interested about air quality in general where you are living you can find that information I don't know what I should do let's do first questions and then I can show you some some information because when I said we're doing this in Ghent there is a good reason why we do it in Ghent. Ghent is one of the worst in Western Europe so that's why I think it makes sense to do this together with Antwerp which is the major the largest city in Flanders. There's also an interesting project from Switzerland which is actually predating everything that I found they have this very massive device with lots of sensors they're testing almost everything and they've been put on top of the trams for continuously I think there's still there's a second open sense project now where they're trying to improve what they are doing but this one is nice because it gets all the information for all the different pollution and you can see that if one is high usually the others are high as well so they go together depending on the source if it's cars or combustion then it's usually the same thing. So let me first ask if there are any questions and then maybe I can show you some more slides about specific information. It's good yeah whether an event loop would be better than well a sleep loop. I don't know to be honest I think for an event loop you have to I think it wouldn't be used more battery I don't know I don't know exactly how an event loop would work in this case. It's C++ but it's Arduino kind of C++ they do a lot of things in between so to make it easier for children or for grownups to. We are using that yeah and I'm not a very good C++ programmer I can do C but C++ for me was also something new but yeah. So apparently there is a university and it's custom. It has a project like this as well but you couldn't contact with them and it would be nice because it's EU funded it would be nice to share information. I'll look it up. Yeah so the question is specifically to the casing but also to other information what if the conditions change and obviously the information we gather is also based on that yes in this case speed or wind airflow or things like that especially if you have inside a house or stationary devices where you may not have enough airflow to get proper information right. Yes so that's why we want to get the raw data the speed and stuff like that we want to get that also centrally so that we can take that into account but we have to do more testing before we can make any conclusive statements out of that and I'm not a big data or even a statistical engineer that can that knows how this works but we do have people that have that have this background that also are part of invent environmental action groups that have this background and that can do this that are part of the environmental study groups inside of university so they are involved but they're not part of it yet because we don't have data yet at this moment we are not collecting anything so but yes this is something that we have to take into account definitely and for the casing itself we have to make sure that the temperature for instance is outside temperature and not inside temperature we have to make sure that the airflow is good enough in fact the design of the casing will do something and I forgot what the name was but there is this physics I'll have to add that to my presentation for the next time I have to ask my colleagues there is something where you have different denser well different size of the tube that will suck in air there is something in physics that that will cause this and this is what we're going to use as well so that because of I don't know the fact that there is an under pressure somewhere it sucks in air but I'll have to add that to the sorry that I and why would you do that congratulations it's the first time I hear this ID so I'm going to write it down it's interesting as well special for those action groups yeah that would be interesting to have as well yeah it depends it could but it depends on the on the dust from from yeah yeah I think the device cannot cannot see a secret smoke at this moment no it depends on the size of the particles and cigarette smokers I can show you let me show you if we could measure it yes so if you look here at the types of stuff we find in the air so particulate matter is somewhere here in between this so it's dust and I think you see oil smoke is inside of this because we are measuring 10 to 2 and a half is lower than 10 and lower than 2 and a half but I don't know what the what the smallest it depends on the on the light sensor I don't know what the smallest particle is that we can measure that's that's a problem that's something we have to we have to see for ourselves but tobacco smoke you see it's it's lower smoke as well so I think that I don't know I couldn't say we have to test fact is that when we were testing the the the sensor inside of time lap we also tested it with someone smoking and we could see that the smoking also has those particles that are larger so we could see that smoking did have an effect on the sensor but the the question is how much does it influence the smaller you go the deeper it goes into the lungs but also the smaller the particle is so it's it's but it does the smaller you go it the better the worse for for the lungs that's effect and it also goes into the blood then so if it's very small I don't know exactly which I read about it but I forgot what size actually but ultra fine dust actually goes into your blood as well so into your bloodstream so it doesn't stick into the lungs but it goes into your whole body yeah yeah that's first it that's a good question we have to we have to find out we have to find out by getting the first devices out and testing how well they they behave compared to calibrated devices yeah something we have to find out the reason why we chose bikes is because we we think it's better than runners for instance where you have a lot of more shocks and probably the device wears out quicker so we hope that bikes are better for that but also because bikes take a longer distance so we can we can measure more so I do we think bikes is a good idea but we will have to see how well the devices can hold up against shocks weather conditions and stuff like that it depends how well our case design will be yeah yeah definitely so in the winter there's a lot of heating from houses I have another slide with sources of pollution let me see if I can find that one yeah that's this one so what what influences pollution obviously industry cars but also indoor heating which which influences the outdoor pollution but if you're cooking candles or very very bad don't use candles in house it's it's I told my wife and we bought those let's divide but it's not the same feeling and but don't use candles in house ventilation in your house also makes a big difference if you're cooking you should open a window especially if in house the pollution is worse than outside but how do you know right also don't open your windows in the evening or during the night because then houses are being warmed you have the heating in your house which causes pollution as well so a lot of people I think traffic jams are solved no no pollution anymore we open the windows that's that's not the case unfortunately early in the morning is probably best but because then the dust settles the pollution fine dust pollution is also worse lower to the ground and up because it settles up obviously so something to take into consideration as well there are very nice studies about the influence on things in Antwerp and again I think I have to finish it but in Antwerp and again there were projects where they they distributed plants for specific period of time and then they did a study on the plants they use this ferromagnetic scientific way of measuring fine dust because fine dust often also has small iron or metal pieces in it and that was a way to see what the pollution was and those studies were very interesting as well because apparently if you if you live on a big road like I'm doing you get a lot of fine dust in front of your house but the street behind it is it depends on the air flow obviously but it's a lot less and that's why I said to open the back side the windows at the back of your house and not in front of your house but obviously if you have a ventilation if you have an old house like ours the ventilation probably screws up any house so there are also natural sources of pollution obviously which you cannot do anything against and cars electrical cars are the future no pollution anymore wrong because the big part of the of the pollution are the tires yeah and the electrical cars are more heavy so they have a lot more pollution from tires but it's better than combustion engines obviously but still you had a question yes well the heater we're not going to use because the heater is actually used to get air into it to have an air circulation and since we're moving we're using that and also with this physical with this tube sting that also sucks in air this we think this would help but it's true that to get statistical information out of the sensor we have to measure for 30 seconds or something so in 30 seconds you already have on a bike you can do a lot of meters so that's one of the concerns so the information we get we have to we have to yeah we have to we know where we are that's a good thing and we know where we where we were biking so we have an idea of what we have measured but it will not be a specific place it will be on a road but if we have enough bikes then this will all fade away and we get better results but your rights we don't have that information instantly yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah I'm going I'm definitely going to check but indeed a pump we cannot do we also consider doing something like that but it's it's it's too expensive it's it breaks more easy because it's mechanical and stuff like that so we really want to have something cheap and get awareness first so as I said it's not completely scientific it could be improved but the more data we have the better first how much time do I have it's over so so what did you what slides did you not see but this is additional slides these are the projects that existed the strawberry plants ivy plants there is a new with collection tubes which is more scientific even for I don't know how it's called and or two but what the pricing so the device the price of the device without bulk prices because with bulk prices we can probably make this less but at the moment that's 60 euros and you can see the big the big price consumers and then I also have but I put the slides on on the website if you're interested about air pollution at your location you can find that link and you can you can look it up but yeah as you can see we're living here not very good and it's Italy and Turkey is very bad but also Eastern Europe is also very bad so yeah yeah in general we lose nine months of our life or one year of our life due to air pollution but that's due to air pollution but that's an average of course so could be more if you're a smoker it could add up to years of your life if you're unlucky if you're lucky you can become 100 years
 Hello, welcome. This talk is about Adam. My name is Dagwijers. I've been here a few  times in the past, but that was five years ago, two children ago, some weight ago. But  it's nice to be back. This time it's about a project that I'm involved with. Myself,  I'm a freelance, well, system administrator or system engineer. So not really something  that is related to this project, but anyhow. The project is a time-lapse project. A time-lapse  is an organization, it's a non-profit organization in Ghent, which is like a fab lab. It brings  people together to work on creating stuff. They have laser cutters, 3D printers, CNC,  freezing machines, I don't know if it's in English like that. It's called that in English.  But it was founded in 2010 out of a different organization, but they reoriented to becoming  a fab lab. And they also do projects. So from time to time, I think twice a year, they think  of new projects to do and motivating people to, as a volunteer, to work on those projects.  These are citizen projects in the sense that they try to motivate just citizens, not professionals,  not science people. It's not paid for, so it's purely on a voluntary basis. Time-lapse also  does workshops related to creating stuff and using the machines and a lot of other stuff  as well. Also around project management and things that are also needed to have successful  projects. They also do boot camps, they do Arduino jams, like 48 hours Arduino jams. And  they also pay for residences for art students or students that have a nice idea, they have  to answer to a call for papers. They have, I think, two apartments where people can live.  So it's usually international people that can add something to time-lapse and at time-lapse  can also add something to their project. They also use their space for people for free if  you want to have a space where you want to work. So you don't even have to be a member  to make use of their space. And they have free Friday lunches. It's supported by the  city of Ghent and the Flemish government, but it's not self-sufficient, so they do require  you to pay something if you want to make use of their equipment on a continuous basis. Except,  of course, if you're involved in one of those creation projects like I am with Adam. So  what does it look like? It's something like this. It's actually much larger, but this  is a view of what it looks like on a busy day. And the nice thing, obviously, is that  it brings people together. So you learn a lot if you're stuck with something. You can ask  anyone. Using the machines or even technical stuff or explaining something. So it's like  Frostconn a bit. We have a very nice logo because we also have designers inside of TimeLock,  which is also nice because you can do something that looks more professional as well. Also  designing, what do you call it? Product design, like building cases and stuff like that. So  that's very useful because usually someone is very good at a certain thing and here you  have everything mixed. So the goal of the Adam project is actually to monitor the air  quality in Ghent. Specifically in Ghent because we want to start small. But the aim is to  give the user direct feedback of the air quality at the location where he is. With a little  bit of delay probably, but good enough for people to understand if there is an issue  with the air pollution. But also another thing we would like to do is to collect this information  and publish it because we think that open data can help governments make better decisions.  And so the idea was to create a mobile device that collects this information from time to  time. It uploads it to a central location and that data is then because it's raw data,  the device itself doesn't do a lot of calculations or mathematical or statistical manipulations.  We do that centrally based on all the information we got. And obviously the idea is to create  public awareness as well. And thanks to some of the marketing people that we also have  in the project, we have a very fancy idea of trying to get to the public media. Because  we really want to get some air play on television and stuff like that once we have this thing  going. And why are we doing it? Because we can. But not just that. The idea itself actually  originated in the fact that one of the founders of the time loop project delivered a son,  a baby boy to this world. And he had a long problem. And he was still very sensitive to  air pollution and especially to fine dust. And this project, at this moment we are only  focusing on what they call particulate matter, which is fine dust. But obviously once we  have this finished and the second revision of this device, we could add more sensors.  But the problem, why did we focus on fine dust? It's because it's the least known, we  have the least data of fine dust. So usually the CO or NOX or all those ozone, these are  very easy to monitor and there's lots of data around that. But particulate matter is really  something that is, you need specific calibrated devices which are quite expensive. So yeah,  there's not a lot of information about it. And if there's information, it's usually  an average over a long period. And the thing with air pollution, it's not about what the  average is over a year, it's what you have, where you are today on a continuous basis.  So that's why we don't think what the government is showing is actually relevant to us, to  the citizens, to everyone. So yeah. So we live in the beautiful city of Ghent, which  looks like this. We think it's the most beautiful city in Europe, the world maybe. And we have  a lot of bicycles. It's a bit like Amsterdam. It's a student city, a lot of students, I  think 60,000 students. The population is 260,000. At those students too, it's more than 300,000  people. And the bike is very, very much used. So our idea was to make a mobile device to  put on a bike. The beautiful city also has two highways and one highway going directly  into the city, which is part of the problem we think. And you can see that from this,  this is a picture of last year, it has been renovated while we preferred maybe to have  it demolished instead. And I live somewhere at the end of that. So it's green, but don't  let the trees fool you. It doesn't help a lot. So in the big city of Ghent, we have  only two official air pollution stations. And they were strategically chosen to put  somewhere, I think more than one and a half year, to decide where to put it. Far away  from a lot of things that create pollution. And we do meet the European levels, which  I can show you later, are quite broad. There is an average for the whole year, so it doesn't  matter how many spikes there are. And then there are, I think, 35, you can go over the  limit, 35 times a year or something. But as I said, those yearly averages don't mean a  lot and it's micro measurement that we actually need. So, and that's what we want to change.  Obviously, like I said, it's not just particulate matter that makes up the air quality, there  are other factors. But as I said, it's the least known variable. The city council is  taking the environment seriously. That's what I say. So, yeah, we hope that they do. We'll  see. There is obviously a lot of frustration with some people because it might bring the  city into a bad or negative publicity. There's also some negativity from the, how do you  call it, the Emo? Is it Emo in German as well? The people that sell houses, they are afraid  that this information will lower the prices for houses on, because usually the prices  of the houses where the prices are high, there is also a lot of pollution because it's those  places where a lot of traffic or a lot of, you know, the buses are, the trams are, things  like that. So, it's very convenient, but also very, very, well, dangerous to our health.  The most important thing about my presentation is in fact the technical side, because this  is a technical conference, and this is what the device looks like. It's going to change  a bit, but this is how it looks like. It consists of a few things. Let me first talk about the  goals we have. We want to create an open device that we can build locally, because the idea  is if we are going to create this, this is not something that is specific to Gantt. Everybody  could help on this, could use the same device. So, we want to build something that everybody  can build themselves. So, the components we use should be cheap, should be easy to get  hands on. The code is open source, obviously, documentation is open as possible, because  we have to write it first. The design of the casing, it's, we're using general things that  you can buy everywhere with 3D printed pieces. It's a modular design, because obviously people  want to have different combinations of things. So, the idea is that you can swap drivers,  or in some later version we can detect which sensors we have, and we will automatically  adapt to that. We try to reuse as much as possible in open source, because we have limited  resources ourselves as well. And we believe in open source, obviously. And the most important  thing is that the data will be open. So, it's open for everyone to make use of it. Which  also has the danger or threat that those people that want to put us in a bad spotlight can  obviously use that data to manipulate it as well. And that's why we have to be very careful  to indicate what it is, because we're not a scientific project. We measure stuff, but  as, yeah, the information we gather is raw data, cannot use it immediately. So, we hope  that by putting this raw data out, we also attract scientific universities that are going  to use this information to do something with that. So, we have to be careful, because it's  raw data, and as much as we'd like to tell people, walk here and not over there, because  that's dangerous, we cannot simply say that. I will go into that when I talk about sensors  as well. So, this is the device. This was the first prototype when we knew what pieces  we were going to use. This is when you're building it and testing stuff. Once you're  certain that it works, it looks like this. Less connections. Well, the connections are  actually fixed. What are we using? Those that know a little bit about hardware have seen  some things. We used the Sparkfen ESP8266, which is in fact a Wi-Fi chipset. We started  off with something different. The original idea was to use Bluetooth for communication  and use a normal microcontroller, but this is actually quite affordable, and with Wi-Fi  on board, we can use Wi-Fi, which is much more convenient for sending data back to our  own servers. Almost all of the sensors are I2C. I don't know if it's... How do you call  it? I2C. A lot of things... I2C. Okay. I remember that. What did you say?  InterIC. I see. Okay. I didn't know. Yeah. Let me add a big disclaimer. I'm not the smartest  guy in the team we have. I only joined three months ago. I learned all this stuff by doing  it. I know I square C now a bit, but I'm not writing the drivers myself. I did write a  lot of the code, but not this part. I'm not that experienced with electronics myself,  although I'm learning, so it's getting better all the time. We're using the PPD42. It's  probably not that known because it's very specific to what we're doing. Let me put this  down. This is, in fact, the device. The device actually has a resistor underneath the heat  of air, which we are probably going to remove because it's also using up a lot of the battery  power and the air is sucked in underneath and it's pulled out at the top. This is a black  room where there's a high sensitive light sensor. There is a light beam that actually  bounces off to find this part. We get an interrupt for each particle that we see. If I come back  to what I said earlier, the scientific value of this, usually the fine dust values that  are used are based on micrograms per cubic meter. This only counts dust particles. Dust  particles, actually we have two types of dust particles. Those that are smaller than 10  micrograms and those that are smaller than micrometers and those that are smaller than  2.5 micrometers. That's the only two factors that we have. We have to do some calculations  to and probably calibration with real devices to have a sense of how good the air quality  is. But it will always be something that is relative to other devices. We cannot say  compared to the official way of measuring it's this. But if we know because we have fixed  stations and maybe at some time more fixed stations that are calibrated, if a bike crosses  that and it senses that information and we have hundreds of bikes crossing those, we  can do statistical analysis of all that information and compare it. Then we can say this is better,  this is worse. We don't know exactly how much better or how much worse. We could know that  but not with some difference as well. But it will not be real scientific or it cannot  be used as raw data anyhow. In the device we need some things to help us. We have an  accelerometer to know if we are moving or not. We also use it to see if it's been shaken.  I will come back to that as well. Obviously we want to know when we are moving because  we want to go into a low battery mode if we are standing still. If we are not moving we  can also test the Wi-Fi to see if there is a Wi-Fi as an ID that we know about and to  try to get our data out. Was there something else I wanted to say about accelerometer?  The humidity sensor, there is a humidity sensor on it. In fact the humidity sensor does temperature  but the accelerometer has a temperature sensor as well. The air pressure sensor has a temperature  sensor as well so we have three times the same information. The humidity is important  because there is a relation between fine dust and humidity. If we want to take that into  account as well we need this information at the same place and the same time as the other  information. Air pressure is the same. With the humidity sensor and the air pressure sensor  we also want to see if it's raining for instance. We don't know if we can get that out of there  but it may help us to get this information. We could obviously also take into account  other weather information that is public like the air, where the air is coming from and  the speed of the air. But at the moment we are not taking that into account but this  is something to correlate as well so it would be nice to see what the influences of air  at a certain location on the air pollution. Then we have the biggest trouble maker in  our set, it's the GPS. Why is this a big problem? The GPS requires a serial communication.  We are limited in the number of pins we have on this SparkFund ESP8266 and it's a pain  for us. There are GPS devices that have an I2C interface and in fact this one has one  as well but we cannot make it work for some reason. We try to connect those pins but we  cannot make it work. If you look on the internet for I2C GPS's they all have this electronic  stuff in between to convert between your serial and I2C. The idea now with a lot of regret  because I want to keep things simple but the only affordable way to do this except for  buying the I2C GPS which is quite expensive, it adds 15 euros or 20 euros on top of the  price we have now. We are thinking of using the Arduino PoM mini, create firmware, actually  there is a project that creates firmware for serial to I2C interfaces so we are now looking  at that but this is the part that is not implemented now. In fact we are using the GPS with a serial  interface at the moment and we don't have a buzzer and that's how we do it. But actually  we need two pins if we also want to talk to the GPS to configure it properly so actually  this is the way to go. Obviously if you have better IDs. Yes, yes, indeed. The original  ID was to only have to read from the GPS but the problem is it's sending a lot of information,  it's buffering, it makes no sense at all and you can configure the GPS to only give  you information every one second or things like that or you can also say I only want  this type of information with the more advanced GPS but indeed if we can have this one process  the information we have it in the correct format that we need. The communication, the  communication of the device but I will show you later we are using GCN for communicating  everything well to the serial console for testing and also to send it out over Wi-Fi.  So the information, well if you want to have the details about how we store the information  we can discuss this later because we also created something fancy to use as little storage  as possible. There's also we are planning to also add an ID to see memory, to have more  memory for buffering more information but at the moment for testing we don't need it  yet. So as I showed you this is the current device. When I joined there was not a lot  of code produced we did have some test code for the individual sensors and when I joined  I didn't know what I could help with so I started with documenting everything which  is nice because then I know a little bit about the different sensors and how the project  was conceived but I very quickly started to write the main loop and the main loop is something  that is I knew a little bit of Arduino that you had the setup and the main loop but I  didn't know how to get something like this going and the first time I tried to implement  this I had a lot of if-else statements and it was a lot of it was interesting because  it learned to me it was interesting to learn how this would work but then the second revision  it became better we started to use cases and then I had an epiphany which is probably for  most of you very obvious to use a state machine. A state machine and a state machine written  with double cases double switch blocks one for determining which state we are in and  changing states and the other one to to to have the state transition as well because  we want to run something when we are in one of the states we want to run something continuously  and if we're going to move from one state to the other we have to do some preparation  or breaking down stuff while we're moving and so there are if you look at the code and  I can go over that if there's interest and there is if there's time it looks very neat  now so I learned a lot with that as well. The thing is when we start the device the  start state is actually not a real state it's the beginning it's what we are when we start  the device and we quickly go into sleep mode and depending on information coming from the  sensor we go to different we go to different states so if you're in if you're in sleep  mode we're not moving because if we're moving we go to the GPS test state if we're not moving  but it was shaken we go to the config state which brings up a wiffy access point where  you can connect to and then you can configure the SSIDs you want to use for uploading your  data you can also say if the device is stationary or not because we also want to have non-mobile  devices at some point and we also want to know if the device is located in-door or outdoor  because we are for the project itself we're only interested in outdoor information but  as a person I would like to know what the information is indoor so that's something  that you can configure in the config stage and after some time or okay is pressed or  whatever we go back to sleep if we are moving we enable the GPS and we're waiting until we  get sensible information if we get proper information and the GPS is ready and we're  still moving we go into the collect state I can show you this but not here because I  don't have GPS here but I show you because we also added some debugging commands so through  the serial you can say GPS is ready even though it isn't we fake that we're moving we fake  that we have GPS and then we can test going to all these states same for the we fee test  if we are not moving and the buffer is not empty so we have data we will probably add  some periods in here that from time to time we want to check if we fee because it's very  again it's we don't we want to save the battery as much as possible we go into we fee test  if we have a fix for the we fee we upload our information and then we go back and we  go back to sleep so it's very easy and I wish I had this from the beginning the firmware  design as I stated the most important thing was code readability because we want people  to to help and to join the project and to be able to adapt it to their own needs it's  a simple state machine with state transitions as we call them yeah we want to have the ice  at ice square see bus scanning which may be possible it depends I don't know how the how  unique the IDs are but that's the problem I but maybe for the sensors that we are at  maybe it's possible we'll have to see and then even if the IDs are not unique if you  know that there are multiple you can test you can test if it works and we're working  through github so as I said everything is open source we also have in github individual  test examples for individual drivers and libraries to test if our own usually we have wrapper  libraries for sensors if they are working correctly to configure them or to stuff with  them we also have a PCB design but the first PCB design we have to redo but it looks a  bit like this you can find how does it called kai cut or key cuts so we have key cut drawings  but we'll we have to do that so this is the current status before I arrived in the project  they already did a lot of selecting sensors and also for the fine dust sensor there are  a few of them and they have all been tested together with a calibrated device so I was  not part of that but that also took a lot of time to find what was the best combination  of all that and now we are here we're busy doing the second prototype using the GPS I  square C we hope to finish this in the next few months to be honest we had hoped to finish  the first prototype with everything working before the holidays but we didn't make it especially  because of the GPS if we would have made the I square C GPS pins to work then it could have  worked but it seems it's not that easy to do then there are lots of functionality every  time we have a meeting and new people join the meeting they have the same or new IDs  and it's very nice but it doesn't bring us to a working device so while this is very  nice and if you have new IDs let me know because I'm going to make a list of them to shortcut  every deviation of discussions we have but one of the things is that's also why we have  this this accelerometer is that we can measure if we on a bike if we have lots of bumps and  if lots of bikes have lots of bumps at the same place we can give this information to  those bike organizations that discuss with the government that bikes roads should be  better as I said we want to include more sensor data or sensor information although for some  of these we already have a lot of a lot of devices in Ghent so some of the information  is already available but may not be open we want to support outside and in-house stationary  devices as I said we are living very close to the end of the highway there's lots of  traffic jams before our house and so it would be nice to know exactly what to do should  we open the front windows no I told my wife never open them except maybe it's specific  in the weekends or we always use the back windows but having that data would probably  also for the awareness create a lot of people thinking about what they should do or how  they should handle auto calibration of devices I told you if we pass each other we could  think of not calibrating the device itself because we only want to have the raw data  from the device also because if that information is somehow not usable because the device is  somehow broken we want to know we want to see that when we're trying to put everything  together and make checks of the data quality there is the idea of if we have this data  which is already properly manipulated to get real information out of that we want to be  able to have an application that gives you that same information even though you don't  need the sensors in your device that would be nice as well it would also be nice to  know what times of the day or what days it's better and what days it's worse and stuff  like that or what the influence of the weather is it would also be nice to be able to show  that in real time for instance people that are waiting in their traffic jams causing  the traffic jam that they see what the quality is or even have those devices inside of your  car because inside of the car it's also not quite healthy and if they know that maybe  if we all start to use the bike there's no problem anymore.  Yeah well I'm not sure if it is because the fine dust I don't know if they can filter  that out and the ultra fine dust is even worse and that's what we cannot measure with this  equipment so it's even worse and if you know that well I have some slides if we have some  time or there are some questions after the questions I have some slides about the different  types of pollution and the sizes of each because smoke if your cigarette smoke is very very  bad it's ultra fine dust in some cases so yeah.  This is the project information if you're interested in maybe joining a residency because  you have a nice ID this is the time-lapse information unfortunately well it's mostly  Dutch but I think there's some translated stuff unfortunately the websites of the Adam  project which is the website to the public that one is in Dutch the GitHub everything  is in English but for the communication to the citizens it's unfortunately it's Dutch  but we have Google translate I guess.  If you're interested about air quality in general where you are living you can find  that information I don't know what I should do let's do first questions and then I can  show you some some information because when I said we're doing this in Ghent there is  a good reason why we do it in Ghent.  Ghent is one of the worst in Western Europe so that's why I think it makes sense to do  this together with Antwerp which is the major the largest city in Flanders.  There's also an interesting project from Switzerland which is actually predating everything that  I found they have this very massive device with lots of sensors they're testing almost  everything and they've been put on top of the trams for continuously I think there's  still there's a second open sense project now where they're trying to improve what they  are doing but this one is nice because it gets all the information for all the different  pollution and you can see that if one is high usually the others are high as well so they  go together depending on the source if it's cars or combustion then it's usually the  same thing.  So let me first ask if there are any questions and then maybe I can show you some more slides  about specific information.  It's good yeah whether an event loop would be better than well a sleep loop.  I don't know to be honest I think for an event loop you have to I think it wouldn't be used  more battery I don't know I don't know exactly how an event loop would work in this case.  It's C++ but it's Arduino kind of C++ they do a lot of things in between so to make it  easier for children or for grownups to.  We are using that yeah and I'm not a very good C++ programmer I can do C but C++ for  me was also something new but yeah.  So apparently there is a university and it's custom.  It has a project like this as well but you couldn't contact with them and it would be  nice because it's EU funded it would be nice to share information.  I'll look it up.  Yeah so the question is specifically to the casing but also to other information what  if the conditions change and obviously the information we gather is also based on that  yes in this case speed or wind airflow or things like that especially if you have inside  a house or stationary devices where you may not have enough airflow to get proper information  right.  Yes so that's why we want to get the raw data the speed and stuff like that we want to get  that also centrally so that we can take that into account but we have to do more testing  before we can make any conclusive statements out of that and I'm not a big data or even  a statistical engineer that can that knows how this works but we do have people that  have that have this background that also are part of invent environmental action groups  that have this background and that can do this that are part of the environmental study  groups inside of university so they are involved but they're not part of it yet because we  don't have data yet at this moment we are not collecting anything so but yes this is  something that we have to take into account definitely and for the casing itself we have  to make sure that the temperature for instance is outside temperature and not inside temperature  we have to make sure that the airflow is good enough in fact the design of the casing will  do something and I forgot what the name was but there is this physics I'll have to add  that to my presentation for the next time I have to ask my colleagues there is something  where you have different denser well different size of the tube that will suck in air there  is something in physics that that will cause this and this is what we're going to use as  well so that because of I don't know the fact that there is an under pressure somewhere  it sucks in air but I'll have to add that to the sorry that I and why would you  do that congratulations it's the first time I hear this ID so I'm going to write it down  it's interesting as well special for those action groups yeah that would be interesting  to have as well yeah it depends it could but it depends on the on the dust from from  yeah yeah I think the device cannot cannot see a secret smoke at this moment no it depends  on the size of the particles and cigarette smokers I can show you let me show you if  we could measure it yes so if you look here at the types of stuff we find in the air so  particulate matter is somewhere here in between this so it's dust and I think you see oil smoke  is inside of this because we are measuring 10 to 2 and a half is lower than 10 and lower  than 2 and a half but I don't know what the what the smallest it depends on the on the  light sensor I don't know what the smallest particle is that we can measure that's that's  a problem that's something we have to we have to see for ourselves but tobacco smoke you  see it's it's lower smoke as well so I think that I don't know I couldn't say we have to  test fact is that when we were testing the the the sensor inside of time lap we also  tested it with someone smoking and we could see that the smoking also has those particles  that are larger so we could see that smoking did have an effect on the sensor but the the  question is how much does it influence the smaller you go the deeper it goes into the  lungs but also the smaller the particle is so it's it's but it does the smaller you  go it the better the worse for for the lungs that's effect and it also goes into the blood  then so if it's very small I don't know exactly which I read about it but I forgot what size  actually but ultra fine dust actually goes into your blood as well so into your bloodstream  so it doesn't stick into the lungs but it goes into your whole body yeah yeah that's  first it that's a good question we have to we have to find out we have to find out by  getting the first devices out and testing how well they they behave compared to calibrated  devices yeah something we have to find out the reason why we chose bikes is because we  we think it's better than runners for instance where you have a lot of more shocks and probably  the device wears out quicker so we hope that bikes are better for that but also because  bikes take a longer distance so we can we can measure more so I do we think bikes is  a good idea but we will have to see how well the devices can hold up against shocks weather  conditions and stuff like that it depends how well our case design will be yeah yeah  definitely so in the winter there's a lot of heating from houses I have another slide  with sources of pollution let me see if I can find that one yeah that's this one so  what what influences pollution obviously industry cars but also indoor heating which which influences  the outdoor pollution but if you're cooking candles or very very bad don't use candles  in house it's it's I told my wife and we bought those let's divide but it's not the same feeling  and but don't use candles in house ventilation in your house also makes a big difference  if you're cooking you should open a window especially if in house the pollution is worse  than outside but how do you know right also don't open your windows in the evening or  during the night because then houses are being warmed you have the heating in your house which  causes pollution as well so a lot of people I think traffic jams are solved no no pollution  anymore we open the windows that's that's not the case unfortunately early in the morning  is probably best but because then the dust settles the pollution fine dust pollution  is also worse lower to the ground and up because it settles up obviously so something to take  into consideration as well there are very nice studies about the influence on things  in Antwerp and again I think I have to finish it but in Antwerp and again there were projects  where they they distributed plants for specific period of time and then they did a study on  the plants they use this ferromagnetic scientific way of measuring fine dust because fine dust  often also has small iron or metal pieces in it and that was a way to see what the pollution  was and those studies were very interesting as well because apparently if you if you live  on a big road like I'm doing you get a lot of fine dust in front of your house but the  street behind it is it depends on the air flow obviously but it's a lot less and that's  why I said to open the back side the windows at the back of your house and not in front  of your house but obviously if you have a ventilation if you have an old house like ours the ventilation  probably screws up any house so there are also natural sources of pollution obviously  which you cannot do anything against and cars electrical cars are the future no pollution  anymore wrong because the big part of the of the pollution are the tires yeah and the electrical  cars are more heavy so they have a lot more pollution from tires but it's better than  combustion engines obviously but still you had a question yes well the heater we're not  going to use because the heater is actually used to get air into it to have an air circulation  and since we're moving we're using that and also with this physical with this tube sting  that also sucks in air this we think this would help but it's true that to get statistical  information out of the sensor we have to measure for 30 seconds or something so in 30 seconds  you already have on a bike you can do a lot of meters so that's one of the concerns so  the information we get we have to we have to yeah we have to we know where we are that's  a good thing and we know where we where we were biking so we have an idea of what we  have measured but it will not be a specific place it will be on a road but if we have  enough bikes then this will all fade away and we get better results but your rights we don't  have that information instantly yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah  yeah I'm going I'm definitely going to check but indeed a pump we cannot do we also consider  doing something like that but it's it's it's too expensive it's it breaks more easy because  it's mechanical and stuff like that so we really want to have something cheap and get  awareness first so as I said it's not completely scientific it could be improved but the more  data we have the better first how much time do I have it's over so so what did you what  slides did you not see but this is additional slides these are the projects that existed  the strawberry plants ivy plants there is a new with collection tubes which is more scientific  even for I don't know how it's called and or two but what the pricing so the device the  price of the device without bulk prices because with bulk prices we can probably make this  less but at the moment that's 60 euros and you can see the big the big price consumers  and then I also have but I put the slides on on the website if you're interested about  air pollution at your location you can find that link and you can you can look it up but  yeah as you can see we're living here not very good and it's Italy and Turkey is very  bad but also Eastern Europe is also very bad so yeah yeah in general we lose nine months  of our life or one year of our life due to air pollution but that's due to air pollution  but that's an average of course so could be more if you're a smoker it could add up to  years of your life if you're unlucky if you're lucky you can become 100 years
Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_0_71.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_72_131.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_132_179.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_180_371.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_372_419.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_420_563.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_564_623.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_624_683.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_684_779.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_780_863.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_864_1043.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_1044_1091.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_1092_1163.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_1164_1787.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_1788_1835.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_1836_2735.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_2736_4547.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_4548_4727.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_4728_5015.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5016_5063.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5064_5291.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5292_5339.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5340_5399.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5400_5471.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5472_5519.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5520_5567.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5568_5735.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5736_5819.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5820_5891.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5892_5975.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_5976_6023.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_6024_6107.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_6108_6179.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_6180_6287.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_6288_6395.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_6396_11651.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_11652_11915.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_11916_12659.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_12660_13511.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_13512_15479.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_15480_17075.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_17076_20639.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_20640_21035.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_21036_21395.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_21396_36431.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_36432_36575.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_36576_42791.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_42792_44663.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_44664_44987.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_44988_46547.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_46548_51239.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_51240_52859.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_52860_54899.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_54900_64667.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_64668_64727.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_64728_64823.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_64824_69659.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_69660_69707.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_69708_69755.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_69756_77315.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_77316_77651.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_77652_78047.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_78048_79463.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_79464_79511.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_79512_79559.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_79560_79607.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_79608_79679.png Dag_Wieers__ADEM__Breathe__hOAVisfFwZQ_79680_79708.png