The Outernet - A revolution, in reality
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Cousins, Jay
Molyneux-Berry, Adam
Fakharany, Wael
3 talks reflecting on experiences of Shared Social Spaces and their impact on Entrepreneurship and Social Transformation in Egypt - from Tahrir Square to Hubs, Hackerspaces, and Fab Labs. From case studies to Meta analysis - in this hour we will explore the importance of Physical Spaces and the opportunities they create.
 Everybody due to a change of the when you some of you might be a bit confused the thing about the EU data protection reform is on stage one and now we have here the alternate a presentation about a revolution which is not taking place online as we talked about many times these days but taking place in the real world in Egypt and the Middle East and I would like to welcome our three speakers Jay Cousins, Adam Molinow-Berry and Vaell Fajarani. Is there a mic? Oh I don't need a mic I'm wired okay perfect can everybody hear me cool so I'm going to be talking about what has happening in my region Middle East and North Africa over the last couple of years and how we've experienced incredible growth not only in the physical world but also things that happening on the street in Cairo in Tunisia in most of the North African region which I which I handle in Google as you probably know we maybe you don't we started we started Google in the Middle East five and a half years ago and it was only me for five six months for five six months I was basically in my home with no office working from home and we have grown over the last couple of years and the title of my presentation is basically betting bit big on technology and I honestly believe that technology has changed my life has changed the life of people around me and has made tremendous progress over the last couple of years in my region and let me explain to you why but before before I start I want to talk to you a little bit about Google mission in the Middle East we probably are doing the same thing as anywhere in the world we would like to organize the information of the world and make it universal accessible at all devices in all languages five and a half years ago maybe six years ago when we started the search was not working properly YouTube was not launched mobile Android even did not exist in the Middle East so just to give you a perspective the my region is about 18 countries 350 million people 300 million of them are on mobile 100 million internet users probably 110 right now internet users and 56 million computers what is staggering is that the amount of mobiles and smart devices that are basically coming in in the region we try to be very much local so in the first year of our existence we worked very closely with our Arabic software engineers to localize search and make it with the Egyptian slang with the Moroccan slang with the Tunisian slang and we actually came up with what we call it doodle for Google this is our famous doodle for Google and we started we started basically making sure that the internet is touching everything that we do in our life there were four million people in Egypt online 2007 now we have about 35 million people so incredible and staggering growth and it's not a secret that we all of a sudden 65% of the population in our part of the world is less than 30 so the internet is basically shaping these guys grew up in the internet age they grew up with mobiles with handheld devices connected to the internet we've done a study in Egypt saying that it proved that the second most watched activity while sorry the second most done activity while watching TV is actually searching online you know what's the first most watched activity what's the first most activity is eating we we we actually like to watch TV and eat but the second thing we like to do is actually search online a lot of Egyptians search online to basically make sure that what the TV is saying is correct so most of the stuff that the TV is saying sometimes is not correct or a little bit out of context so the internet has touched everything we do in our part of the world is a such our entertainment our publishing our commerce our education our health care our travel how we consume information it's been an incredible force for good but what I want to talk to you a little bit about is the untapped opportunity of the internet the economic value of the internet what we call the internet economy in our part of the world a couple of months ago we published a study with Boston Consulting Group that shows actually that the internet economy in Egypt represents around 2% of the GDP this is compared to things like healthcare transportation is actually a little bit more than transportation and healthcare healthcare is about 1.6% of the GDP transportation is about 1.8% of the GDP and the internet right now represents 2% but what is incredible about this part of the world is the opportunity for growth is really big and I want to focus on three specific things an economic impact how basically it touches the life the internet can touch the life of millions and millions of small businesses just to give you an idea we have two and a half just in Egypt alone two and a half million registered companies 19 million students my region has a hundred and forty nine hundred ninety four million people and forty nine of forty nine million of them are students students as in K-12 to university obviously the export opportunity and the value that they can add to two people but if you if you look at the consumer trends what's happening right now is especially after the revolution you basically ride a taxi in Egypt and you ask the taxi person the driver what do you know about the internet he would probably know Facebook he would know Twitter and he would know YouTube basically people even if they don't know how to read and write they ask their kids to basically put on YouTube and watch videos of politicians watch videos of people who either talk serious or entertain them and people comment people comment on videos people have microphones as this slides suggests everybody has a big megaphone everybody has an opinion it is a normal cycle that we're going through that people are basically expressing themselves and they want to be heard so if it's not on YouTube it doesn't exist this is what a lot of people say I want a little bit to talk about some statistics of the internet and just to give you an idea that 40 million Egyptians cannot read and write so out of 90 million people around 40 million people cannot read and write and we have 35 million online growing at 40 percent we have 40 million queries per day 85 percent of the people basically use online to start the journey with with the internet they basically use search and YouTube has been a stagger staggering growth it grew from 2 million playbacks per day to 40 million playbacks per day touching all aspects of life not necessarily entertainment or news but basically education health care how to product reviews many many things and 12% of this of these searches actually come from mobile 12% the the the the 40 million playbacks of YouTube are have grown 20 folds in the last two years then we thought that maybe people are watching you know a lot of entertainment and we wanted to know who exactly is watching this and and we commissioned TNS to do a study for us and just to give you an idea that it's about 60 40 between men and women the average YouTube user in Egypt has an age of 35 the majority has an income between 2000 to 5000 Egyptian pounds this is about 200 to 400 euros depending on who's counting and what's the exchange rate and 28% of people watching YouTube are actually watching it from their smartphones and from their from their devices still TV is big TV is huge when you look at TV alone you have a hundred and seven eighty nine minutes of watch time per day but the crazy thing is that accessing the Internet is 165 listening to radio is 87 and accessing the Internet from mobile is actually 73 so if you add the 73 plus the 165 it actually gives you more time per day for people accessing the Internet and I'm not talking about your typical class a or class b I'm talking about the whole population across the geography we actually know the exact IP map so there is a lot of momentum happening in the Internet space okay I'm trying to move to the next slide but I guess this is the problem with Microsoft technology right can we move to the next slide okay working so we have incredible statistics about what's happening in the internet world but I actually want to focus a little bit outside Egypt where there's more dispensable income there's there are more people with dispensable income and I just want to show you the staggering numbers of mobile phones smartphones and even basic phone penetration of using using the mobile Saudi Arabia has the highest number of YouTube playbacks per person period it is literally four or five times higher than the US so the young people in Saudi Arabia the young people in Egypt have day jobs in the morning and in the afternoon they sit in front of their mobile cameras and basically record things they do arts they do culture they do entertainment and obviously they do politics all the time but I guess and I'm talking about YouTube channels private YouTube YouTube channels with hundred million users 75 million users millions and millions of watch time so what I was what I'm trying to paint you is that it's a I mean watching the news from here watching what's happening worldwide you look at CNN you look at your normal TV channel you wouldn't understand what's happening in the on the streets of the Middle East because people are using are venting out using different different methods of communication I also want to quickly talk to you about how we touch different parts of the ecosystem and then I'll finish by saying what can we do together my idea of how can we basically use conferences like this venues like this to do better and bigger things for for the young people in Egypt so so we work in a very interesting environment where we touch a lot of industries I guess we were very close to the advertising and I always say that advertising has been good to us we made some good money from advertising but we also have a dedicated Arabic speaking team based in Dublin and Egypt that looks after the small and medium businesses so how to empower small and medium businesses with tools with technologies to either safe cost safe cost or go revenue we worked very closely with universities and academic institutions we actually have thousands of student ambassadors across the Middle East we are extremely excited about having more and more Arabic content I always give the example of a small country in Eastern Europe called Czech Republic that has 10 million people and there is more Czech content online than the whole Arabic content the Arabic so the Arab world is around 350 million people which is about four and a half five percent of the world's population but we have less than one percent of the content of online so we provide publishing platforms and platforms to encourage more and more Arabic content developer community outreach advertising agencies but the two the two very interesting areas where I think we can cooperate is innovation and entrepreneurship we signed an agreement with the Egyptian government a couple of years ago and we're trying to replicate it across across the Middle East is that they basically invest money in advertising and we take 25% of the money and we put it in a fund to encourage in entrepreneurship and innovation we started by creating a business plan competition for for startups we toured the country found 14,000 kids narrowed them to a thousand 250-20 and we basically gave one company two hundred thousand dollars but we will never do beauty contest you know business plan competition anymore the cost is just too high so we decided actually to do something very similar to iHubs or technology hubs or co-working spaces we we actually want both the business community and the technology community to get together in a physical place we are going to fund this place for one or two years and we want to have a community manager and a facility manager that basically gets this place to be a vibrant tech co-working space where VCs, angel, investors, students, entrepreneurs academic institutions can come and even us and our competitors can come and sort of give sessions and encourage people we are launching our first co-working space in a few weeks it is still confidential I know that I'm on camera but it is still confidential but I'm probably very excited about this much more than growing the revenue of Google in Egypt because it's a it is a physical place that gets people together and if we can reach out to more and more young entrepreneurs it will be extremely exciting to replicate this model across the country I'm a firm believer that we should get out of Cairo and Alexandria we should do this in the suburbs we should do this in the rural areas and we should actually replicate this across the Middle East there are some co-working spaces in Dubai but it's for the rich entrepreneurs people who can afford to have you know a four dollar coffee while talking about entrepreneurship but it's not as exciting as something like this I don't know if you know about the campus in London so think the campus in London with the Egyptian twist so I want to finish by saying that I only see opportunities call me a romantic call me a stupid guy I unfortunately only see opportunities in my region we have a small security problem we have a small energy problem it's going to be a tough summer and we have a small currency problem we've lost about 38% of the value of the Egyptian pounds but I only see opportunities I only see young people who are hungry to learn more and more things I look about I look to the barriers to change rather the barriers to than the barriers to entry I look at speed economics kills technology inertia and I think we are about to crack something that is very interesting there are probably five six incubators co-working spaces accelerators of the country if we can just enlarge this a little bit we have 26 governorates if we can do 26 of those over the next couple of years then we will have solved a lot of things what is great about the real revolution is that although it is it was easy to do it's very hard to finish we never finished it I don't think it's will ever be finished it's a work in progress but at least my generation where I was I only told to mine my own business and basically I'm she can build it which means just walk next to the wall and this is the wall I think you know in Berlin the meaning of a wall but my generation has also seen something very interesting which is young people who want to break this wall and although we think that there is a mobile revolution there's an internet revolution but we had a real real real revolution in the in the country whether it's going to continue or not the technology and the internet represents an incredible positive atmosphere where people are only seeing the half full side of things and people are excited and I invite you all to come to Egypt and and do this like little this like this little girl to wear sunglasses different glasses with different colors because you will see a completely different positive aspect of of the community I invite you all to come to my country just be vigilant make sure that you're safe and secure not in the summer please maybe after the summer it's going to be hot we also have Ramadan coming and I look forward to working with all of you thank you thank you very much you you no yes there we go right so good afternoon people my name is Adam Malinu Berry I'm going to tell you guys about ice Cairo but it'll be a story more than anything else hopefully and it'll be a story of how we're riding this wave of post-revolution Egypt just before I start actually just to let you know that we're supported by GIZ and we're incubated by an Egyptian NGO called Nadat al Mahroosa so we're actually one of the projects that have been incubated since the revolution so what happens when you get capitalism globalization and dictatorship mixed together well you get the conditions that create police brutality youth unemployment poverty and hunger and really with these conditions all you need is a straw that breaks the camel's back and this is the guy called Khaled Said he was an activist he was trying to expose police corruption and as a result he was brutally murdered in public and was one of the reasons that the revolution really kicked off so you know you've you've broken the camel's back and what you get is a revolution so just look at this just for a second because you know whilst this was happening the Egyptian state media was saying that there was no one in Tahrir Square absolutely no one and this was reality and this is really why the events became you know kind of taken over by people and it became taken over through social media so really you know Facebook and Twitter were really the birth of Egyptian self-organization they really were you know the the military brass had no idea what Facebook or Twitter were they had no idea that you could coordinate a revolution using Facebook and Twitter and you know they these guys were joking they just didn't know that this could actually happen and this really was the birth of Egyptian self-organization so if we talk about self-organization you know have a look at this picture you know it's it's really powerful you know the state media was telling people and they still tell people that on the ground in Egypt you have this massive sectarian divide between Muslims and Christians and that this is just the way Egypt is but the reality is here you see Christians protecting Muslims during the Friday prayers you know you have people protecting people totally self-organized totally against what the status quo is telling you and this really is what happens when people get together so there's a local shift there's a local shift in paradigm people started reclaiming the streets for the first time in their lives Egyptians felt truly Egyptian and truly able to take care of their country you had spontaneous cleanups you had civilian roadblocks you had people taking care of their country and I tell you what guys in the 18 days before Mubarak stepped down Egypt was never cleaner it was never more organized and it was never safer and this freaked the hell out of the authorities because they thought they were the ones in charge and what they found out was that when the people find their strength they're much stronger than the regime so it's it's really interesting because you know we we talk about this but people don't really understand what self-organization is like until they've experienced it it's freaky it's really crazy you know you have so many things that happen on their own spontaneously and it's amazing to have been somewhere where there's this shift this paradigm shift there's you feel the social subconscious you feel the people feeling each other and really starting to behave in a way that's mind-blowing you know it's something that you really have to experience and that's what this is what happens this is what happens when a people unite this is what happens when a people organize the regime steps down I mean you can't there's no way that the regime can handle that much energy and it wasn't just felt locally you know ripples of the revolution filtered out into the world and you had movements like Occupy totally inspired by young Egyptians and there's some irony here because you know Egyptians spent most of their lives being inspired by the West and trying to be like the West and this is the first time that the West was being inspired by Egypt and you know Egyptians were really the talk of the town and I tell you what you know this really really made Egyptians even prouder to be Egyptians and it started this really positive cycle of people loving where they are and being even stronger so basically you've toppled the regime you're young you've discovered your strength your Egyptian you're proud what you do next you know this is the t-shirt that I wore when Mubarak stepped down and I remember thinking what are we gonna do next I mean you know the bad guys gone you know revolution's not finished of course but you know what next what's next well the revolution then moved from Facebook from Twitter from the ether into the square and from the square into the cleanups and into the civilian patrols and from there into the lives of normal Egyptians you know we started to have this wave of organizations you know farming initiatives robotics tech education suddenly everything was possible and everyone felt that they own their country again and that they should be part of that change so you know this is really this this really created like this this vacuum you know all of these initiatives bringing up all of these young Egyptians who never stood a chance of being able to do something they needed to be incubated and this is where the incubators came in so we have things like start-up weekend we had co-working spaces start-up cups competition that's right in center I mean this is what Wirtle was just talking about you know if that with Google was one of the things that really created that and this is something this is a rare instance where people from the ground state-of-the-need and people from the top have to address that and this is really how ice Cairo was born you know ice Cairo innovation collaboration entrepreneurship was really born from these conditions was born from a need ice Cairo is the third ice hub so the first one was an Addis Ababa called ice Addis the second one was in Weimar in Bauhaus University ice Bauhaus and now we have ice ice Cairo and what ice Cairo is is a green tech innovation hub so basically we focus on real-world solutions on the ground and what we're trying to do is create jobs for young Egyptians in areas that are sustainable so we want something that's really gonna keep going we want something and we don't want to put them in a job in fossil fuels or you know it really is about something that is ongoing that is sustainable so if we talk about innovation collaboration and entrepreneurship and we talk about the Egyptian Revolution well Egyptians have demonstrated that they can be innovative here are some of the helmets of the revolution we have recycling a bit of upcycling and we have mr. baguette I don't know if you can see him use his bread for a helmet and have I mean was showing these slides yesterday this actually became a meme of the revolution one of the memes but this if this doesn't demonstrate innovation I really don't know what does and aha it's done the same thing to me now there we go collaboration and this is crazy guys this is an image of a field hospital that was spontaneously erected during the revolution on its own it treated thousands of people they had ad hoc ambulance services which were basically motorbikes where you'd put the wounded on the back drive them to one of these places and they'd get treated this was organized by the people for the people it had nothing to do with the authorities and the authorities were trying to stop these guys from working and they couldn't people really took care of each other entrepreneurship so you're in a revolution the world is watching you're throwing over the regime and you know you need to look good you need to really look good for the for this to happen really so you're in the tent all day you've done your demonstration you need to go have your little haircut and your shave feel all clean again get back to your revolution so actually in Tahrir Square I mean I'm sure some of you been I know some of you then there's hundreds of businesses that arise during the revolution I mean if you are hungry there'll be someone serving food if your favorite opposition either was having a speech then you'd want to sit down in a little cafe have your little Turkish coffee listen to the speech and it really became this ecosystem where you'd go in and it was people policing the entrance of the square it was people selling you things in the square and the police won't allow them they had to stay out because that was the new rule and that's just the way it is so this is what we've done at ice car we've created a space it's a co-working space and these are some of the members of our community and we have high-speed internet we've got printers photocopies all the things that you would need to have your startup functioning and we run a ton of events at this space we do things like graphic facilitation business skills we do workshops trainings and really we even have a fab lab fabrication laboratory so we have very cool machines like 3d printers that print in three dimensions laser cutters that can cut almost anything we have CNC machines we actually had a CNC machine so big that if we had switched it on it would have knocked the floor down so we have to get out of there quickly but with these machines with the power tools with the hand tools you can make almost anything and this is really what we do we prototype we make things with our hands that can then be used on the ground this is an example of that this is the solar water heater that we developed it's totally open source it costs about $200 it can be made by anyone it's made from off-the-shelf parts this is us in the far south of Egypt just above the border with Sudan and this community has is off-grid most of Egypt is off-grid they have diesel generators which power themselves but you can't get hold of diesel because the government is in turmoil and their subsidies too much so these guys needed a solution and this is one of the solutions this is in Arabic in English the manual and it will be eventually video we're working on that now to transcend literacy but this is one of the products that communities can build to create businesses for themselves and also solve a challenge we also do entrepreneurship we do we're basically creating an ecosystem with people and this is an example of the business canvas model roadshow that we did with VC for Africa and in a ventures I think there's Bill and Ben here from VC for Africa and this is one of the examples of prototyping businesses like okay I've got this product I've got a solar water heater who am I selling it to how am I gonna sell it you know and it really is this this process that we're working on and you can't really talk about entrepreneurship without without talking about responsible and inclusive business practices so we're working with another GIZ department to try and get existing organizations to behave responsibly to be inclusive in their business use and to encourage startups to really kind of absorb the principles of responsible and inclusive business so a lot of people ask us how do you do what you do well it's pretty simple there's a challenge the challenge could be access to water access to energy you know anything that people are experiencing on the ground so the first thing you do is inform the community guys I've got a challenge what you guys think we should do you collaborate you do these workshops you co-create you find solutions together and then when you found a couple of solutions you think are really gonna work you adapt them to the local context that's very important once you've adapted them you choose one thing that you're gonna stick with that's your product and then from that stage you have two things that you need to do one is work on the business model and the second is to finish the physical prototype so in terms of the prototype you build it in the fab lab or wherever you refine it you test it you refine it you test it until it's something that's actually working and then you're ready to incubate that product but at the same time you've got to work out who your market is what your sales plan is who your team are so this is really the entrepreneurship ecosystem that we use with partners to try and literally take this physical product that is the result of a challenge in the community and turn that into a green business this is our community this is one of the events we had at the eco cities camp our community is awesome guys I mean if you follow the principles of biodiversity and if you follow by memory in permaculture you know that like diversity is resilience the more diverse a set is the more resilient it is and here we have people from entirely different backgrounds entirely different ages from all over Egypt and really this event saw civil society it saw government it saw academia it saw private sector coming together to solve challenges as a unit and then turn these challenges into initiatives and from this we did have a lot of initiatives formed more importantly our overall community like the online community is several thousand people considering that ice Cairo has been around for about six months having 3,000 people in your community is ridiculous and this is really the the wave of energy that we're arriving that's post revolution I mean everyone wants to do something and they want to do it with their hands and they will not solve the the challenges that their communities have and it really is this wave that's really powering the movement forwards the fact that our hub we got we got our hub in October as a physical space it's not decorated yet at all and that no one cares about that civil society are doing events there all the time there's workshops there all the time and literally we don't know how we're going to stop everyone so that we can decorate the hub so that we can then have a nice hub it's a bit of a challenge already so so what have we found well we found that yes we've created green jobs which is awesome we found that people are loving the events that the trainers are there that all the expertise is there we found that because of this more hubs in Egypt are trying to emerge so we have ice Alex that's just emerged we have ice us one that's in a deep south beautiful place that's emerging and on the international level we have a whole bunch of hubs that want to come out we have Palestine we have South Sudan I mean there's just that we have Jordan I mean people everywhere are saying wow this is working so we want to do the same thing and what we've also found is that there are challenges to what we're doing real challenges and I'm sure that you know some of you guys from Afri labs will be aware of this but a lot of the time someone comes to one of our events and we say what do you need and they say I need money and you ask them why and they don't know and you ask them how much they don't know and you ask them about their production costs they don't know who you're selling to why I don't know and eventually you realize that that guy doesn't need money that girl doesn't need money they need everything before the money they need all of the skills that will allow them to understand who they're selling to why they're selling it and how much it costs and this is something that maybe you guys can help us with we need to inspire the community with expertise and really like the other hubs are the best places to look you know if a hub in Nairobi or a hub in Kenya can teach us something that we can teach our community then again that's the resilience and a diversity we're talking about and we really need to multiply this effect because the combination I don't know if you guys have seen the global innovation now lounge out there but that's really where the Afri hubs thing is happening and this is a whole bunch of different people with different experiences and you know if you bring them all together you've got something really magical that's happening so if we talk about the future well this is a future for us this is our uptown hub it's being built right now next to the airport it's six shipping containers very sexy you know you walk into this and the year is 2080 and you know it's kind of this is really where we're hoping to create a space for our community that inspires them to do crazy cool things that solve things that solve challenges on the ground that can become businesses and we're really excited about this you know but we're also really excited about you know all the friends that we've made at the global innovation lounge all the people that we're going to be working with we really feel that you know being here at Republic meeting each other and doing all of this stuff is really going to add just so much more to what we're already doing so I'd like to thank GIZ for bringing us here I'd really like to thank Republic of having us and you know in the words of vanilla ice if there was a problem you are solved it so please grab one of the team afterwards I'm a little one want red ones over there Salma's over here please speak to ice Addis ice bow house please speak to the other hubs everyone has got some really cool things that they can offer and yeah thanks a lot so I'm afraid you're just gonna have to watch me rather than any slides for two reasons one I had some computer problems too I'm talking about stuff in a real world so I feel it's more important and free Adam's already covered quite a lot of the things that I wanted to say so so I'm gonna be making it up as I go along and what really fascinates me about all of this transfer all in these new behaviors and things that are kind of emerging is how much passion and energy and drive there is and how much desire there is really to form communities and build spaces and create spaces that people can actually address their own problems locally that they can empower themselves economically that they can learn from one another they can generate their own income streams they can generate their own businesses and there's there's a lot of passion coming out of this not just in the in in the African region or in the Middle Eastern region but also across the whole world so we're also seeing these kind of behaviors emerged from a very different maybe economic and sociological context but co-working space movement the fab labs movement the hacker spaces movement all of these spaces are to a degree sharing part of the same makeup they might have a very different process and a very different approach some of them are coming at it from a perspective of creating entrepreneurship and creating new business models and using that as an opportunity for social enablement whilst if you look at the more Western models a lot of them are actually looking more at collaborative consumption and alternative models of existence in response to our economic climate but ultimately they're coming at the same core stuff is messed up how do we come together and fix it how do we actually address these problems ourselves as communities how do we come together and together actually build something that helps us get to where we want to be and that's what I find really interesting about these spaces and that's for me the kernel and I'm aware that I'm talking about a lot of different diverse spaces here so I misrepresent anybody please call out bullshit at some point or food to challenge me because these are really thoughts in process and I'm just making this up as I go so please bear with me but this ecosystem has these shared attributes that I've been talking about but also this aspect of diversity that you picked up on the ecosystem itself is diverse they are all prototyping new ways of working new ways of collaborating new ways and means of social empowerment and we have a lot that we can actually learn between these spaces both from the individuals that are coming into them but also from the hub managers and the hub leaders when we bring this knowledge together and explore what we do these are bridging spaces that bring together different cultures different religions different minorities people from businesses NGOs local grassroots organizations people that are impoverished with people that are well-off they really create an opportunity for shared learning and shared peer environments and I think this is the one of the most important things that these spaces offer is this opportunity for peer learning and learning together because ultimately this is one of the biggest challenges that we have right now is education mindset thoughts as you alluded to people are coming in without a general awareness even of what they don't know that they don't know what they don't know how do they get to the point where they're entrepreneurial if they have to actually unpick and analyze and assess and try and prototype and learn together so we have a fundamental problem with the education system both within the West and also within within the African continent and the whole world actually I don't think there's a working educational model right now for the world that we live in it's so disruptive and changing so swiftly and so quickly that the the the old paradigm just does not work anymore this was designed to create very modular structures that fitted into a system which was based on an industrialized society where we were cogs in a machine this has changed massively now we need to adapt and we need to change how we actually engage in the act of learning and I think this is one of the opportunities that's created from these spaces we also need to change what we're actually exploring in terms of literacy because I mean one of the things I've observed both in Egypt and also some of the feedback I've had from the other spaces I've talked to is these key aspects actually that are required for collaboration for example and openness and and how we actually open people up these things are only experiential they're not something I can tell you I mean I can tell you but you'll go yeah that sounds great hippie goodbye you have to actually experience what it means you have to actually experience what it is to work in those environments in order to actually change your mind and change your behavior and this is also what interest me and I'm learning from one of the other spaces we're working with Sir Ice Alex and and Roy Atty is they're not just working with entrepreneurs and post graduates they're also working backwards so they're actually going into schools and they're working with schools and actually developing their own entrepreneurial pipeline and this is one of the things that we really have to address the spaces I think it's very important to consider is where we're actually at and the infrastructures that we need in order to maximize benefit and part of these infrastructures as well as being able to move around so for in Cairo getting stuff from a to b being able to access materials and parts being able to evaluate your local ecosystem and see what you have developing forms of material and physical literacy so you can actually engage with the world around you rather than engaging it only through a verbal means of communication we have to also develop the means of being able to pick up the material again and play with it and understand how to make it we need to know how to interact with one another as individuals we need to develop emotional literacy and these these are things that can really only be practiced and acquired in the in the real world the internet helped us prototype some behaviors of sharing it helped us prototype some behaviors of working and collaboration but ultimately a lot of these things are physical human intuitive things that we've forgotten having focused on a more conventional form of literacy of reading writing arithmetic so skills are an issue and auto-ministering issue and education is an issue and we need to really focus I think on these attributes and explore where we go I've no idea of how long it takes and somebody keep the time as well and I think as hubs we have to look at us from a perspective of how we actually focus on digit this education and unlearning how do we inoculate people against thank you how do we inoculate the youth against bad ideas and how do we inoculate them against being closed minded and accepting the culture that is around them accepting the norms of society we need to really address this because if we're going to address our problems these are the fundamental underlying issues the spaces can provide infrastructures they can provide tools you can bring CNC machines you can bring fab labs you can provide access to entrepreneurial global networks but unless we have the mental and emotional skills and unless the people that are working in these countries developing the hubs the communities around these hubs have these mental emotional physical skills to actually engage with these opportunities to take these opportunities then these opportunities aren't going to go in the direction that we would like so I think this is really a fundamental thing that we have to explore and I think Adam already highlighted there is a massive opportunity here and now with these hubs coming together and it's been a real learning experience for me and I think there's actually a couple of other people who should be up here talking about these issues such as JP and Stefania and various of you guys that I've spoken to over the course of the weekend because also I'm only representing my own culture and where I'm coming from but we have this opportunity to learn from one another and my great knowledge so where do we take this I think one of the opportunities we have is actually to look at how we can package content but also package experiences and opportunities to create experiences because if we really to learn we need to create those provocations and these opportunities for one another and this is what excites me about the shameless plug work that we're doing with academia because the way that Stefania works is she gives people the opportunity and the tools and resources to learn for themselves and I think this is also what spaces and enabling spaces do very well and very effectively is where you create the opportunity for people to explore to themselves and give them a provocation but also providing certain kits and tools and resources so that you can begin with the point of inspiration so in this instance we're developing a kit that will allow people and allow children to learn about air quality by building their own air quality sensor and from that they can engage not only in the topics and learning the skills of soldering themselves engaging with data engaging with the web but also engaging with their environment starting to ask questions around their environment where does this lead and what opportunities does this create so this is one way we can look at it we can also look at how we migrate the other knowledge the business and a box the learning content so that we can take what works in one space and look at how we can adapt it locally but we have to recognize as we do this that we have to adapt it locally we have to understand first we have to listen we have to work with the people that are building the community so they're starting in the grassroots we can't just start and go okay CNC machine here fab lab here drop in a drop in a computer into the middle of nowhere and hope that somebody knows how to use it you really need to understand what resources and tools are on the ground so I think JP said it best we said 15% of the country in Tanzania has electricity so like when you're addressing these issues of internet and the web and machine tools and everything else you need to really look and understand like what's there what's working how are people working and this is also where I think the hubs provide a valuable interface is that they're listening points their points of interaction their points where we can learn from and we can understand what we can do together and if we're to do anything we have to do it together how much time do I have the idea okay somebody just stop me if I need and I'll also turn over to questions shortly the other thing I think is we have to look at how we move this further how we move beyond spaces if we're looking at spaces as enabling learning environments how do we actually take it beyond the space themselves I heard one great quote over the course of the the warm-up meeting which was if you're focusing on the space you're in danger of becoming a glorified landlord another great statement was how do we build neighborhoods so how do we look at the infrastructures that already exist how do we look at the schools the universities the libraries these behaviors that we're migrating its content that we're migrating its opportunities that we're creating so how do we hack existing spaces how do we change a shisha bar into entrepreneurial cafe or a learning environment how do we actually engage with the larger public framework to really shape reality because when we build spaces we we also we create a safety net for ourselves and we create a very safe bubble into which we can engage and this to begin with is a very powerful thing but at the same time if we're really to have a larger impact we need to start pushing outwards and looking at how we can build neighborhoods and for the guys that are staying on for the tour of Berlin you'll get the opportunities you actually experiences directly with the maker plots so if you look at Berlin actually this is really a thriving ecosystem now it's not one space it's multiple spaces and we don't see content as independent we don't see learning as independent we just see spaces as opportunities to access one another and this I think is also working very well in Cairo with ice Cairo that the content is being applied in the different spaces so Hany Kodori for example he's taking workshops on composting on biogas and he's running these in all of the different hubs within Cairo so that everybody has the opportunity to access the content because you can't always travel downtown unless you want to spend two hours stuck in traffic if you're lucky so this content migration is a real opportunity for sharing and learning and moving forward together I think these are the things that we also need to look at how we can explore and how we can move forward but I think primarily there is a tremendous opportunity now emerging and horizon as we start to address our own problems by hacking our own spaces building our own spaces and creating our own spaces together and we're seeing the corporate world get involved in this we're seeing and get involved like projects like Zappos in Las Vegas where they're actually regenerating an entire area and community spaces are an aspect of this the social value is becoming recognized but we also have to take care as we bring such people in and large organizations jump on this bandwagon quoting somebody else I think it was you again day people I don't know when you jump on the bandwagon if you're a large organization you're in danger of breaking the axle and I think this is a really good analogy you have to look at how people are moving the direction that they're going in and then look at how you can empower them and move them forward but you have to also be aware as an organization of your own faults and your own flaws and your own problems and your own infrastructures and ensure that in interfacing with these spaces you don't end up holding them back from where they're going look at how you can clear the road look at how you can build the road ahead of them but don't jump on the wagon to really take care of that so I think there's tremendous opportunities here for building neighborhoods and hacking the culture as a whole I think there's a massive amount of opportunity for change and I really look forward to continuing the discussions with everybody from the Afrilabs and global innovation networks that come here and looking at what we can take forward I'll shut up now and take any questions because I've probably rambled a bit and been a bit vague. We've got time for questions or are we in a break? Any questions, provocations, disagreements, shouts of bullshit? Have I represented fairly? Okay, Stefania you had a question? If you had all the resources in the world tomorrow and you could go and kickstart, make or call it publabs, whatever you want to call them in Africa what would you do? I think if I had all of the resources in the world tomorrow it would actually be a very dangerous thing and I think this is really the key thing I'm trying to focus on is that when you have too much you have no creative constraint, you have abundance, we have more operating capacity on our computer now than we ever did, what do we do? We fill it with operating system so that the computers know faster or more adaptive than it was before. I fundamentally believe that what we have to look at is how we see, how we learn, how we engage with our environment and our ecosystem and as a case in point there are large amounts of e-waste all over Africa yet we're looking at shipping in electronics that are inaccessible and we don't have the logistical infrastructure so people are going we want our toinos and this is just creating the same problem we're creating a dependency. We need to look or I say we I mean I'm happy to help but this is merely a provocation I say we from a global perspective but we need to look at using what we have within our environment to build the things that we need and to build the things that we want not build the things that are shiny or buy the things that are shiny and if we're really to adapt our problems it's a way of seeing like it's how we read our environment it's adapting the principles of permaculture and applying it to the to the urban landscape applying it to the to the waste and the the education and the human capacity. These are all of the things that we need and we need to clearly apply what we have to what we need and and use these behaviors effectively and and I think all of the capacity or resource in the world won't help us unless we know and learn how to think critically and how to actually engage with the world critically and that's what I really like about your project is it gives people the opportunity to get that and all of these projects you know create a provocation you give people the opportunity to learn for themselves you don't you can't necessarily teach these things you can only experience them practice them and I think as you said yesterday Adam stretch the muscles and we have to start stretching and exercising our mental muscles and our physical muscles rather than running towards technology and running away from ourselves as humans because this is I think a dangerous paradigm and it's not gonna lead us where we need to get to Steven I'm wondering if you've had problems with political acceptance especially in Egypt with so much stuff in flux if there's been maybe some backlash or opposition or mistrust perhaps at what you guys are doing I think there's there is certainly when I started talking to people in Alexandria or engaging with a hacker space for a community for example there's a mistrust of large outside organizations and NGOs and and this is something that we also have to be aware of is that cultural baggage that we carry with us representing certain organizations in terms of the the political system it's more disruptive I think in terms of not being able to work in the space because the revolution is taking place and and this is the the main thing I think also whilst what I'm saying is it is political and what spaces do are political we're focused on actions rather than on conversations and dialogues we're not out in the street shouting about we need this instead it's more giving people the opportunity to quiet for themselves so to a degree there's a degree of stealth there but I can't say personally that I've experienced any any problems with it but I'm I'm disconnected white guy from this perspective so it might be better to ask Adam or or Mo about those experiences or the guys in in at us but personally it's more the inconvenience of not being able to go into space do you have anything to add on that okay any other questions I think we're done anyway thank you very much for your time so Jay guys thanks a lot for these perspectives on how to make a difference in the real world I think maybe you can meet if you have more questions you can meet outside for a minute we're gonna have a short break just seven minutes we're not a good seven-minute pause I think and on the three goes on with Daniel Bröckerhoff the open journalist see you soon
 Everybody due to a change of the when you some of you might be a bit confused  the thing about the EU data protection reform is on stage one and now we have  here the alternate a presentation about a revolution which is not taking place  online as we talked about many times these days but taking place in the real  world in Egypt and the Middle East and I would like to welcome our three  speakers Jay Cousins, Adam Molinow-Berry and Vaell Fajarani. Is there a mic? Oh I  don't need a mic I'm wired okay perfect can everybody hear me cool so I'm going  to be talking about what has happening in my region Middle East and North Africa  over the last couple of years and how we've experienced incredible growth not  only in the physical world but also things that happening on the street in  Cairo in Tunisia in most of the North African region which I which I handle  in Google as you probably know we maybe you don't we started we started Google  in the Middle East five and a half years ago and it was only me for five six  months for five six months I was basically in my home with no office  working from home and we have grown over the last couple of years and the  title of my presentation is basically betting bit big on technology and I  honestly believe that technology has changed my life has changed the life of  people around me and has made tremendous progress over the last couple of years  in my region and let me explain to you why but before before I start I want to  talk to you a little bit about Google mission in the Middle East we probably  are doing the same thing as anywhere in the world we would like to organize the  information of the world and make it universal accessible at all devices in  all languages five and a half years ago maybe six years ago when we started the  search was not working properly YouTube was not launched mobile Android even  did not exist in the Middle East so just to give you a perspective the my region  is about 18 countries 350 million people 300 million of them are on mobile  100 million internet users probably 110 right now internet users and 56 million  computers what is staggering is that the amount of mobiles and smart devices  that are basically coming in in the region we try to be very much local so in  the first year of our existence we worked very closely with our Arabic  software engineers to localize search and make it with the Egyptian slang with  the Moroccan slang with the Tunisian slang and we actually came up with what  we call it doodle for Google this is our famous doodle for Google and we  started we started basically making sure that the internet is touching  everything that we do in our life there were four million people in Egypt online  2007 now we have about 35 million people so incredible and staggering growth and  it's not a secret that we all of a sudden 65% of the population in our part  of the world is less than 30 so the internet is basically shaping these  guys grew up in the internet age they grew up with mobiles with handheld  devices connected to the internet we've done a study in Egypt saying that it  proved that the second most watched activity while sorry the second most  done activity while watching TV is actually searching online you know  what's the first most watched activity what's the first most activity is eating  we we we actually like to watch TV and eat but the second thing we like to do  is actually search online a lot of Egyptians search online to basically  make sure that what the TV is saying is correct so most of the stuff that the  TV is saying sometimes is not correct or a little bit out of context so the  internet has touched everything we do in our part of the world is a such our  entertainment our publishing our commerce our education our health care our  travel how we consume information it's been an incredible force for good but  what I want to talk to you a little bit about is the untapped opportunity of the  internet the economic value of the internet what we call the internet  economy in our part of the world a couple of months ago we published a  study with Boston Consulting Group that shows actually that the internet economy  in Egypt represents around 2% of the GDP this is compared to things like  healthcare transportation is actually a little bit more than transportation and  healthcare healthcare is about 1.6% of the GDP  transportation is about 1.8% of the GDP and the internet right now represents  2% but what is incredible about this part of the world is the opportunity for  growth is really big and I want to focus on three specific things an economic  impact how basically it touches the life the internet can touch the life of  millions and millions of small businesses just to give you an idea we  have two and a half just in Egypt alone two and a half million registered  companies 19 million students my region has a hundred and forty nine hundred  ninety four million people and forty nine of forty nine million of them are  students students as in K-12 to university obviously the export  opportunity and the value that they can add to two people but if you if you look  at the consumer trends what's happening right now is especially after the  revolution you basically ride a taxi in Egypt and you ask the taxi person the  driver what do you know about the internet he would probably know Facebook  he would know Twitter and he would know YouTube basically people even if they  don't know how to read and write they ask their kids to basically put on YouTube  and watch videos of politicians watch videos of people who either talk serious  or entertain them and people comment people comment on videos people have  microphones as this slides suggests everybody has a big megaphone everybody  has an opinion it is a normal cycle that we're going through that people are  basically expressing themselves and they want to be heard so if it's not on  YouTube it doesn't exist this is what a lot of people say I want a little bit to  talk about some statistics of the internet and just to give you an idea  that 40 million Egyptians cannot read and write so out of 90 million people  around 40 million people cannot read and write and we have 35 million online  growing at 40 percent we have 40 million queries per day 85 percent of the people  basically use online to start the journey with with the internet they  basically use search and YouTube has been a stagger staggering growth it grew  from 2 million playbacks per day to 40 million playbacks per day touching all  aspects of life not necessarily entertainment or news but basically  education health care how to product reviews many many things and 12% of  this of these searches actually come from mobile 12% the the the the 40 million  playbacks of YouTube are have grown 20 folds in the last two years then we  thought that maybe people are watching you know a lot of entertainment and we  wanted to know who exactly is watching this and and we commissioned TNS to do  a study for us and just to give you an idea that it's about 60 40 between men  and women the average YouTube user in Egypt has an age of 35 the majority has  an income between 2000 to 5000 Egyptian pounds this is about 200 to 400 euros  depending on who's counting and what's the exchange rate and 28% of people  watching YouTube are actually watching it from their smartphones and from their  from their devices still TV is big TV is huge when you look at TV alone  you have a hundred and seven eighty nine minutes of watch time per day but the  crazy thing is that accessing the Internet is 165 listening to radio is  87 and accessing the Internet from mobile is actually 73 so if you add the  73 plus the 165 it actually gives you more time per day for people accessing  the Internet and I'm not talking about your typical class a or class b I'm  talking about the whole population across the geography we actually know  the exact IP map so there is a lot of momentum happening in the Internet space  okay I'm trying to move to the next slide but I guess this is the problem  with Microsoft technology right can we move to the next slide  okay working so we have incredible statistics about what's happening in  the internet world but I actually want to focus a little bit outside Egypt where  there's more dispensable income there's there are more people with dispensable  income and I just want to show you the staggering numbers of mobile phones  smartphones and even basic phone penetration of using using the mobile  Saudi Arabia has the highest number of YouTube playbacks per person period it  is literally four or five times higher than the US so the young people in Saudi  Arabia the young people in Egypt have day jobs in the morning and in the  afternoon they sit in front of their mobile cameras and basically record  things they do arts they do culture they do entertainment and obviously they do  politics all the time but I guess and I'm talking about YouTube channels private  YouTube YouTube channels with hundred million users 75 million users millions  and millions of watch time so what I was what I'm trying to paint you is that  it's a I mean watching the news from here watching what's happening worldwide  you look at CNN you look at your normal TV channel you wouldn't understand what's  happening in the on the streets of the Middle East because people are using are  venting out using different different methods of communication I also want to  quickly talk to you about how we touch different parts of the ecosystem and  then I'll finish by saying what can we do together my idea of how can we  basically use conferences like this venues like this to do better and bigger  things for for the young people in Egypt so so we work in a very interesting  environment where we touch a lot of industries I guess we were very close to  the advertising and I always say that advertising has been good to us we made  some good money from advertising but we also have a dedicated Arabic speaking  team based in Dublin and Egypt that looks after the small and medium businesses  so how to empower small and medium businesses with tools with technologies  to either safe cost safe cost or go revenue we worked very closely with  universities and academic institutions we actually have thousands of student  ambassadors across the Middle East we are extremely excited about having more  and more Arabic content I always give the example of a small country in Eastern  Europe called Czech Republic that has 10 million people and there is more Czech  content online than the whole Arabic content the Arabic so the Arab world  is around 350 million people which is about four and a half five percent of  the world's population but we have less than one percent of the content of online  so we provide publishing platforms and platforms to encourage more and more  Arabic content developer community outreach advertising agencies but the  two the two very interesting areas where I think we can cooperate is innovation  and entrepreneurship we signed an agreement with the Egyptian government a  couple of years ago and we're trying to replicate it across across the Middle  East is that they basically invest money in advertising and we take 25% of the  money and we put it in a fund to encourage in entrepreneurship and  innovation we started by creating a business plan competition for for  startups we toured the country found 14,000 kids narrowed them to a thousand  250-20 and we basically gave one company two hundred thousand dollars but we will  never do beauty contest you know business plan competition anymore the cost is  just too high so we decided actually to do something very similar to iHubs or  technology hubs or co-working spaces we we actually want both the business  community and the technology community to get together in a physical place we  are going to fund this place for one or two years and we want to have a community  manager and a facility manager that basically gets this place to be a  vibrant tech co-working space where VCs, angel, investors, students, entrepreneurs  academic institutions can come and even us and our competitors can come and  sort of give sessions and encourage people we are launching our first  co-working space in a few weeks it is still confidential I know that I'm on  camera but it is still confidential but I'm probably very excited about this  much more than growing the revenue of Google in Egypt because it's a it is a  physical place that gets people together and if we can reach out to more and  more young entrepreneurs it will be extremely exciting to replicate this  model across the country I'm a firm believer that we should get out of Cairo  and Alexandria we should do this in the suburbs we should do this in the rural  areas and we should actually replicate this across the Middle East there are  some co-working spaces in Dubai but it's for the rich entrepreneurs people who  can afford to have you know a four dollar coffee while talking about  entrepreneurship but it's not as exciting as something like this I don't  know if you know about the campus in London so think the campus in London  with the Egyptian twist so I want to finish by saying that I only see  opportunities call me a romantic call me a stupid guy I unfortunately only see  opportunities in my region we have a small security problem we have a small  energy problem it's going to be a tough summer and we have a small currency  problem we've lost about 38% of the value of the Egyptian pounds but I only see  opportunities I only see young people who are hungry to learn more and more  things I look about I look to the barriers to change rather the barriers  to than the barriers to entry I look at speed economics kills technology  inertia and I think we are about to crack something that is very interesting  there are probably five six incubators co-working spaces accelerators of the  country if we can just enlarge this a little bit we have 26 governorates if we  can do 26 of those over the next couple of years then we will have solved a lot  of things what is great about the real revolution is that although it is it was  easy to do it's very hard to finish we never finished it I don't think it's  will ever be finished it's a work in progress but at least my generation  where I was I only told to mine my own business and basically I'm she can build  it which means just walk next to the wall and this is the wall I think you  know in Berlin the meaning of a wall but my generation has also seen something  very interesting which is young people who want to break this wall and although  we think that there is a mobile revolution there's an internet revolution  but we had a real real real revolution in the in the country whether it's going  to continue or not the technology and the internet represents an incredible  positive atmosphere where people are only seeing the half full side of things  and people are excited and I invite you all to come to Egypt and and do this  like little this like this little girl to wear sunglasses different glasses with  different colors because you will see a completely different positive aspect of  of the community I invite you all to come to my country just be vigilant make  sure that you're safe and secure not in the summer please maybe after the summer  it's going to be hot we also have Ramadan coming and I look forward to  working with all of you thank you thank you very much  you  you  no yes there we go right so good afternoon people my name is Adam  Malinu Berry I'm going to tell you guys about ice Cairo but it'll be a story more  than anything else hopefully and it'll be a story of how we're riding this wave  of post-revolution Egypt just before I start actually just to let you know  that we're supported by GIZ and we're incubated by an Egyptian NGO called  Nadat al Mahroosa so we're actually one of the projects that have been incubated  since the revolution so what happens when you get capitalism globalization and  dictatorship mixed together well you get the conditions that create police  brutality youth unemployment poverty and hunger and really with these  conditions all you need is a straw that breaks the camel's back and this is the  guy called Khaled Said he was an activist he was trying to expose police  corruption and as a result he was brutally murdered in public and was one  of the reasons that the revolution really kicked off so you know you've  you've broken the camel's back and what you get is a revolution so just look at  this just for a second because you know whilst this was happening the Egyptian  state media was saying that there was no one in Tahrir Square absolutely no one  and this was reality and this is really why the events became you know kind of  taken over by people and it became taken over through social media so really you  know Facebook and Twitter were really the birth of Egyptian self-organization  they really were you know the the military brass had no idea what Facebook  or Twitter were they had no idea that you could coordinate a revolution using  Facebook and Twitter and you know they these guys were joking they just didn't  know that this could actually happen and this really was the birth of Egyptian  self-organization so if we talk about self-organization you know have a look  at this picture you know it's it's really powerful you know the state media was  telling people and they still tell people that on the ground in Egypt you  have this massive sectarian divide between Muslims and Christians and that  this is just the way Egypt is but the reality is here you see Christians  protecting Muslims during the Friday prayers you know you have people  protecting people totally self-organized totally against what the status quo is  telling you and this really is what happens when people get together so  there's a local shift there's a local shift in paradigm people started  reclaiming the streets for the first time in their lives Egyptians felt truly  Egyptian and truly able to take care of their country you had spontaneous  cleanups you had civilian roadblocks you had people taking care of their  country and I tell you what guys in the 18 days before Mubarak stepped down  Egypt was never cleaner it was never more organized and it was never safer and  this freaked the hell out of the authorities because they thought they  were the ones in charge and what they found out was that when the people find  their strength they're much stronger than the regime so it's it's really  interesting because you know we we talk about this but people don't really  understand what self-organization is like until they've experienced it it's  freaky it's really crazy you know you have so many things that happen on their  own spontaneously and it's amazing to have been somewhere where there's this  shift this paradigm shift there's you feel the social subconscious you feel  the people feeling each other and really starting to behave in a way that's  mind-blowing you know it's something that you really have to experience and  that's what this is what happens this is what happens when a people unite this  is what happens when a people organize the regime steps down I mean you can't  there's no way that the regime can handle that much energy and it wasn't  just felt locally you know ripples of the revolution filtered out into the  world and you had movements like Occupy totally inspired by young Egyptians  and there's some irony here because you know Egyptians spent most of their  lives being inspired by the West and trying to be like the West and this is  the first time that the West was being inspired by Egypt and you know  Egyptians were really the talk of the town and I tell you what you know this  really really made Egyptians even prouder to be Egyptians and it started this  really positive cycle of people loving where they are and being even stronger so  basically you've toppled the regime you're young you've discovered your  strength your Egyptian you're proud what you do next you know this is the  t-shirt that I wore when Mubarak stepped down and I remember thinking what are we  gonna do next I mean you know the bad guys gone you know revolution's not  finished of course but you know what next what's next well the revolution then  moved from Facebook from Twitter from the ether into the square and from the  square into the cleanups and into the civilian patrols and from there into the  lives of normal Egyptians you know we started to have this wave of organizations  you know farming initiatives robotics tech education suddenly everything was  possible and everyone felt that they own their country again and that they  should be part of that change so you know this is really this this really  created like this this vacuum you know all of these initiatives bringing up all  of these young Egyptians who never stood a chance of being able to do  something they needed to be incubated and this is where the incubators came in  so we have things like start-up weekend we had co-working spaces start-up cups  competition that's right in center I mean this is what Wirtle was just talking  about you know if that with Google was one of the things that really created  that and this is something this is a rare instance where people from the ground  state-of-the-need and people from the top have to address that and this is  really how ice Cairo was born you know ice Cairo innovation collaboration  entrepreneurship was really born from these conditions was born from a need  ice Cairo is the third ice hub so the first one was an Addis Ababa called ice  Addis the second one was in Weimar in Bauhaus University ice Bauhaus and now  we have ice ice Cairo and what ice Cairo is is a green tech innovation hub so  basically we focus on real-world solutions on the ground and what we're  trying to do is create jobs for young Egyptians in areas that are sustainable  so we want something that's really gonna keep going we want something and we  don't want to put them in a job in fossil fuels or you know it really is  about something that is ongoing that is sustainable so if we talk about  innovation collaboration and entrepreneurship and we talk about the  Egyptian Revolution well Egyptians have demonstrated that they can be  innovative here are some of the helmets of the revolution we have recycling a  bit of upcycling and we have mr. baguette I don't know if you can see him  use his bread for a helmet and have I mean was showing these slides yesterday  this actually became a meme of the revolution one of the memes but this if  this doesn't demonstrate innovation I really don't know what does and  aha it's done the same thing to me now there we go collaboration and this is  crazy guys this is an image of a field hospital that was spontaneously erected  during the revolution on its own it treated thousands of people they had  ad hoc ambulance services which were basically motorbikes where you'd put the  wounded on the back drive them to one of these places and they'd get treated this  was organized by the people for the people it had nothing to do with the  authorities and the authorities were trying to stop these guys from working  and they couldn't people really took care of each other entrepreneurship so  you're in a revolution the world is watching you're throwing over the regime  and you know you need to look good you need to really look good for the for  this to happen really so you're in the tent all day you've done your  demonstration you need to go have your little haircut and your shave feel all  clean again get back to your revolution so actually in Tahrir Square I mean I'm  sure some of you been I know some of you then there's hundreds of businesses that  arise during the revolution I mean if you are hungry there'll be someone  serving food if your favorite opposition either was having a speech then you'd  want to sit down in a little cafe have your little Turkish coffee listen to the  speech and it really became this ecosystem where you'd go in and it was  people policing the entrance of the square it was people selling you things  in the square and the police won't allow them they had to stay out because that  was the new rule and that's just the way it is so this is what we've done at  ice car we've created a space it's a co-working space and these are some of  the members of our community and we have high-speed internet we've got printers  photocopies all the things that you would need to have your startup functioning  and we run a ton of events at this space we do things like graphic  facilitation business skills we do workshops trainings and really we even  have a fab lab fabrication laboratory so we have very cool machines like 3d  printers that print in three dimensions laser cutters that can cut almost  anything we have CNC machines we actually had a CNC machine so big that if we  had switched it on it would have knocked the floor down so we have to get out of  there quickly but with these machines with the power tools with the hand tools  you can make almost anything and this is really what we do we prototype we make  things with our hands that can then be used on the ground this is an example of  that this is the solar water heater that we developed it's totally open source it  costs about $200 it can be made by anyone it's made from off-the-shelf parts  this is us in the far south of Egypt just above the border with Sudan and this  community has is off-grid most of Egypt is off-grid they have diesel generators  which power themselves but you can't get hold of diesel because the government  is in turmoil and their subsidies too much so these guys needed a solution and  this is one of the solutions this is in Arabic in English the manual and it will  be eventually video we're working on that now to transcend literacy but this is  one of the products that communities can build to create businesses for  themselves and also solve a challenge we also do entrepreneurship we do we're  basically creating an ecosystem with people and this is an example of the  business canvas model roadshow that we did with VC for Africa and in a ventures  I think there's Bill and Ben here from VC for Africa and this is one of the  examples of prototyping businesses like okay I've got this product I've got a  solar water heater who am I selling it to how am I gonna sell it you know and it  really is this this process that we're working on and you can't really talk  about entrepreneurship without without talking about responsible and inclusive  business practices so we're working with another GIZ department to try and get  existing organizations to behave responsibly to be inclusive in their  business use and to encourage startups to really kind of absorb the principles  of responsible and inclusive business so a lot of people ask us how do you do  what you do well it's pretty simple there's a challenge the challenge could  be access to water access to energy you know anything that people are  experiencing on the ground so the first thing you do is inform the community  guys I've got a challenge what you guys think we should do you collaborate you  do these workshops you co-create you find solutions together and then when you  found a couple of solutions you think are really gonna work you adapt them to  the local context that's very important once you've adapted them you choose one  thing that you're gonna stick with that's your product and then from that  stage you have two things that you need to do one is work on the business model  and the second is to finish the physical prototype so in terms of the prototype  you build it in the fab lab or wherever you refine it you test it you refine it  you test it until it's something that's actually working and then you're ready to  incubate that product but at the same time you've got to work out who your  market is what your sales plan is who your team are so this is really the  entrepreneurship ecosystem that we use with partners to try and literally take  this physical product that is the result of a challenge in the community and  turn that into a green business this is our community this is one of the events  we had at the eco cities camp our community is awesome guys I mean if you  follow the principles of biodiversity and if you follow by memory in permaculture  you know that like diversity is resilience the more diverse a set is the  more resilient it is and here we have people from entirely different  backgrounds entirely different ages from all over Egypt and really this event  saw civil society it saw government it saw academia it saw private sector  coming together to solve challenges as a unit and then turn these challenges into  initiatives and from this we did have a lot of initiatives formed more  importantly our overall community like the online community is several thousand  people considering that ice Cairo has been around for about six months having  3,000 people in your community is ridiculous and this is really the the  wave of energy that we're arriving that's post revolution I mean everyone wants to  do something and they want to do it with their hands and they will not solve the  the challenges that their communities have and it really is this wave that's  really powering the movement forwards the fact that our hub we got we got our  hub in October as a physical space it's not decorated yet at all and that no one  cares about that civil society are doing events there all the time there's  workshops there all the time and literally we don't know how we're going  to stop everyone so that we can decorate the hub so that we can then have a nice  hub it's a bit of a challenge already so so what have we found well we found that  yes we've created green jobs which is awesome we found that people are loving  the events that the trainers are there that all the expertise is there we found  that because of this more hubs in Egypt are trying to emerge so we have ice  Alex that's just emerged we have ice us one that's in a deep south beautiful  place that's emerging and on the international level we have a whole  bunch of hubs that want to come out we have Palestine we have South Sudan I  mean there's just that we have Jordan I mean people everywhere are saying wow  this is working so we want to do the same thing and what we've also found is  that there are challenges to what we're doing real challenges and I'm sure that  you know some of you guys from Afri labs will be aware of this but a lot of the  time someone comes to one of our events and we say what do you need and they  say I need money and you ask them why and they don't know and you ask them how  much they don't know and you ask them about their production costs they don't  know who you're selling to why I don't know and eventually you realize that that  guy doesn't need money that girl doesn't need money they need everything  before the money they need all of the skills that will allow them to understand  who they're selling to why they're selling it and how much it costs and  this is something that maybe you guys can help us with we need to inspire the  community with expertise and really like the other hubs are the best places to  look you know if a hub in Nairobi or a hub in Kenya can teach us something that  we can teach our community then again that's the resilience and a diversity  we're talking about and we really need to multiply this effect because the  combination I don't know if you guys have seen the global innovation now lounge  out there but that's really where the Afri hubs thing is happening and this is  a whole bunch of different people with different experiences and you know if you  bring them all together you've got something really magical that's happening  so if we talk about the future well this is a future for us this is our uptown  hub it's being built right now next to the airport it's six shipping containers  very sexy you know you walk into this and the year is 2080 and you know it's  kind of this is really where we're hoping to create a space for our community  that inspires them to do crazy cool things that solve things that solve  challenges on the ground that can become businesses and we're really excited  about this you know but we're also really excited about you know all the  friends that we've made at the global innovation lounge all the people that  we're going to be working with we really feel that you know being here at  Republic meeting each other and doing all of this stuff is really going to add  just so much more to what we're already doing so I'd like to thank GIZ for  bringing us here I'd really like to thank Republic of having us and you know in  the words of vanilla ice if there was a problem you are solved it so please grab  one of the team afterwards I'm a little one want red ones over there Salma's over  here please speak to ice Addis ice bow house please speak to the other hubs  everyone has got some really cool things that they can offer and yeah thanks a  lot  so I'm afraid you're just gonna have to watch me rather than any slides for two  reasons one I had some computer problems too I'm talking about stuff in a real  world so I feel it's more important and free Adam's already covered quite a lot  of the things that I wanted to say so so I'm gonna be making it up as I go along  and what really fascinates me about all of this transfer all in these new  behaviors and things that are kind of emerging is how much passion and energy  and drive there is and how much desire there is really to form communities and  build spaces and create spaces that people can actually address their own  problems locally that they can empower themselves economically that they can  learn from one another they can generate their own income streams they can  generate their own businesses and there's there's a lot of passion coming out  of this not just in the in in the African region or in the Middle Eastern  region but also across the whole world so we're also seeing these kind of  behaviors emerged from a very different maybe economic and sociological  context but co-working space movement the fab labs movement the hacker spaces  movement all of these spaces are to a degree sharing part of the same makeup  they might have a very different process and a very different approach some of  them are coming at it from a perspective of creating entrepreneurship and  creating new business models and using that as an opportunity for social  enablement whilst if you look at the more Western models a lot of them are  actually looking more at collaborative consumption and alternative models of  existence in response to our economic climate but ultimately they're coming at  the same core stuff is messed up how do we come together and fix it how do we  actually address these problems ourselves as communities how do we come  together and together actually build something that helps us get to where we  want to be and that's what I find really interesting about these spaces and  that's for me the kernel and I'm aware that I'm talking about a lot of  different diverse spaces here so I misrepresent anybody please call out  bullshit at some point or food to challenge me because these are really  thoughts in process and I'm just making this up as I go so please bear with me  but this ecosystem has these shared attributes that I've been talking about  but also this aspect of diversity that you picked up on the ecosystem itself is  diverse they are all prototyping new ways of working new ways of collaborating  new ways and means of social empowerment and we have a lot that we can  actually learn between these spaces both from the individuals that are coming  into them but also from the hub managers and the hub leaders when we bring  this knowledge together and explore what we do these are bridging spaces that  bring together different cultures different religions different minorities  people from businesses NGOs local grassroots organizations people that  are impoverished with people that are well-off they really create an  opportunity for shared learning and shared peer environments and I think  this is the one of the most important things that these spaces offer is this  opportunity for peer learning and learning together because ultimately this  is one of the biggest challenges that we have right now is education mindset  thoughts as you alluded to people are coming in without a general awareness  even of what they don't know that they don't know what they don't know how do  they get to the point where they're entrepreneurial if they have to actually  unpick and analyze and assess and try and prototype and learn together so we  have a fundamental problem with the education system both within the West  and also within within the African continent and the whole world actually I  don't think there's a working educational model right now for the world  that we live in it's so disruptive and changing so swiftly and so quickly that  the the the old paradigm just does not work anymore this was designed to create  very modular structures that fitted into a system which was based on an  industrialized society where we were cogs in a machine this has changed  massively now we need to adapt and we need to change how we actually engage in  the act of learning and I think this is one of the opportunities that's created  from these spaces we also need to change what we're actually exploring in terms  of literacy because I mean one of the things I've observed both in Egypt and  also some of the feedback I've had from the other spaces I've talked to is these  key aspects actually that are required for collaboration for example and  openness and and how we actually open people up these things are only  experiential they're not something I can tell you I mean I can tell you but  you'll go yeah that sounds great hippie goodbye you have to actually experience  what it means you have to actually experience what it is to work in those  environments in order to actually change your mind and change your behavior and  this is also what interest me and I'm learning from one of the other spaces  we're working with Sir Ice Alex and and Roy Atty is they're not just working with  entrepreneurs and post graduates they're also working backwards so they're  actually going into schools and they're working with schools and actually  developing their own entrepreneurial pipeline and this is one of the things  that we really have to address the spaces I think it's very important to  consider is where we're actually at and the infrastructures that we need in  order to maximize benefit and part of these infrastructures as well as being  able to move around so for in Cairo getting stuff from a to b being able to  access materials and parts being able to evaluate your local ecosystem and see  what you have developing forms of material and physical literacy so you  can actually engage with the world around you rather than engaging it only  through a verbal means of communication we have to also develop the means of  being able to pick up the material again and play with it and understand how to  make it we need to know how to interact with one another as individuals we need  to develop emotional literacy and these these are things that can really only  be practiced and acquired in the in the real world the internet helped us  prototype some behaviors of sharing it helped us prototype some behaviors of  working and collaboration but ultimately a lot of these things are physical human  intuitive things that we've forgotten having focused on a more conventional  form of literacy of reading writing arithmetic so skills are an issue and  auto-ministering issue and education is an issue and we need to really focus I  think on these attributes and explore where we go I've no idea of how long it  takes and somebody keep the time as well and I think as hubs we have to look at  us from a perspective of how we actually focus on digit this education and  unlearning how do we inoculate people against thank you how do we inoculate  the youth against bad ideas and how do we inoculate them against being closed  minded and accepting the culture that is around them accepting the norms of  society we need to really address this because if we're going to address our  problems these are the fundamental underlying issues the spaces can provide  infrastructures they can provide tools you can bring CNC machines you can  bring fab labs you can provide access to entrepreneurial global networks but  unless we have the mental and emotional skills and unless the people that are  working in these countries developing the hubs the communities around these  hubs have these mental emotional physical skills to actually engage with  these opportunities to take these opportunities then these opportunities  aren't going to go in the direction that we would like so I think this is  really a fundamental thing that we have to explore and I think Adam already  highlighted there is a massive opportunity here and now with these hubs  coming together and it's been a real learning experience for me and I think  there's actually a couple of other people who should be up here talking about  these issues such as JP and Stefania and various of you guys that I've spoken to  over the course of the weekend because also I'm only representing my own  culture and where I'm coming from but we have this opportunity to learn from  one another and my great knowledge so where do we take this I think one of  the opportunities we have is actually to look at how we can package content but  also package experiences and opportunities to create experiences  because if we really to learn we need to create those provocations and these  opportunities for one another and this is what excites me about the shameless  plug work that we're doing with academia because the way that Stefania  works is she gives people the opportunity and the tools and resources to  learn for themselves and I think this is also what spaces and enabling spaces do  very well and very effectively is where you create the opportunity for people to  explore to themselves and give them a provocation but also providing certain  kits and tools and resources so that you can begin with the point of inspiration  so in this instance we're developing a kit that will allow people and allow  children to learn about air quality by building their own air quality sensor  and from that they can engage not only in the topics and learning the skills of  soldering themselves engaging with data engaging with the web but also engaging  with their environment starting to ask questions around their environment where  does this lead and what opportunities does this create so this is one way we can  look at it we can also look at how we migrate the other knowledge the business  and a box the learning content so that we can take what works in one space and  look at how we can adapt it locally but we have to recognize as we do this that  we have to adapt it locally we have to understand first we have to listen we  have to work with the people that are building the community so they're  starting in the grassroots we can't just start and go okay CNC machine here  fab lab here drop in a drop in a computer into the middle of nowhere and hope  that somebody knows how to use it you really need to understand what resources  and tools are on the ground so I think JP said it best we said 15% of the  country in Tanzania has electricity so like when you're addressing these  issues of internet and the web and machine tools and everything else you  need to really look and understand like what's there what's working how are  people working and this is also where I think the hubs provide a valuable  interface is that they're listening points their points of interaction their  points where we can learn from and we can understand what we can do together  and if we're to do anything we have to do it together how much time do I have  the idea okay somebody just stop me if I need and I'll also turn over to  questions shortly the other thing I think is we have to look at how we move  this further how we move beyond spaces if we're looking at spaces as enabling  learning environments how do we actually take it beyond the space themselves I  heard one great quote over the course of the the warm-up meeting which was if  you're focusing on the space you're in danger of becoming a glorified  landlord another great statement was how do we build neighborhoods so how do we  look at the infrastructures that already exist how do we look at the schools the  universities the libraries these behaviors that we're migrating its  content that we're migrating its opportunities that we're creating so how  do we hack existing spaces how do we change a shisha bar into entrepreneurial  cafe or a learning environment how do we actually engage with the larger public  framework to really shape reality because when we build spaces we we also we  create a safety net for ourselves and we create a very safe bubble into which we  can engage and this to begin with is a very powerful thing but at the same time  if we're really to have a larger impact we need to start pushing outwards and  looking at how we can build neighborhoods and for the guys that are  staying on for the tour of Berlin you'll get the opportunities you actually  experiences directly with the maker plots so if you look at Berlin actually  this is really a thriving ecosystem now it's not one space it's multiple spaces  and we don't see content as independent we don't see learning as  independent we just see spaces as opportunities to access one another and  this I think is also working very well in Cairo with ice Cairo that the content  is being applied in the different spaces so Hany Kodori for example he's taking  workshops on composting on biogas and he's running these in all of the  different hubs within Cairo so that everybody has the opportunity to access  the content because you can't always travel downtown unless you want to spend  two hours stuck in traffic if you're lucky so this content migration is a  real opportunity for sharing and learning and moving forward together I  think these are the things that we also need to look at how we can explore and  how we can move forward but I think primarily there is a tremendous  opportunity now emerging and horizon as we start to address our own problems by  hacking our own spaces building our own spaces and creating our own spaces  together and we're seeing the corporate world get involved in this we're seeing  and get involved like projects like Zappos in Las Vegas where they're  actually regenerating an entire area and community spaces are an aspect of this  the social value is becoming recognized but we also have to take care as we  bring such people in and large organizations jump on this bandwagon  quoting somebody else I think it was you again day people I don't know when you  jump on the bandwagon if you're a large organization you're in danger of  breaking the axle and I think this is a really good analogy you have to look at  how people are moving the direction that they're going in and then look at how  you can empower them and move them forward but you have to also be aware as  an organization of your own faults and your own flaws and your own problems and  your own infrastructures and ensure that in interfacing with these spaces you  don't end up holding them back from where they're going look at how you can  clear the road look at how you can build the road ahead of them but don't jump  on the wagon to really take care of that so I think there's tremendous  opportunities here for building neighborhoods and hacking the culture  as a whole I think there's a massive amount of opportunity for change and I  really look forward to continuing the discussions with everybody from the  Afrilabs and global innovation networks that come here and looking at what we  can take forward I'll shut up now and take any questions because I've probably  rambled a bit and been a bit vague.  We've got time for questions or are we in a break? Any questions, provocations,  disagreements, shouts of bullshit? Have I represented fairly? Okay, Stefania you had a  question? If you had all the resources in the world tomorrow and you could go and  kickstart, make or call it publabs, whatever you want to call them in  Africa what would you do? I think if I had all of the resources in the world  tomorrow it would actually be a very dangerous thing and I think this is  really the key thing I'm trying to focus on is that when you have too much you  have no creative constraint, you have abundance, we have more operating  capacity on our computer now than we ever did, what do we do? We fill it with  operating system so that the computers know faster or more adaptive than it was  before. I fundamentally believe that what we have to look at is how we see, how we  learn, how we engage with our environment and our ecosystem and as a case in  point there are large amounts of e-waste all over Africa yet  we're looking at shipping in electronics that are inaccessible and we don't have  the logistical infrastructure so people are going we want our toinos and this is  just creating the same problem we're creating a dependency. We need to look  or I say we I mean I'm happy to help but this is merely a provocation I say we  from a global perspective but we need to look at using what we have within our  environment to build the things that we need and to build the things that we  want not build the things that are shiny or buy the things that are shiny and if  we're really to adapt our problems it's a way of seeing like it's how we read  our environment it's adapting the principles of permaculture and applying  it to the to the urban landscape applying it to the to the waste and the  the education and the human capacity. These are all of the things that we need  and we need to clearly apply what we have to what we need and and use these  behaviors effectively and and I think all of the capacity or resource in the  world won't help us unless we know and learn how to think critically and how  to actually engage with the world critically and that's what I really  like about your project is it gives people the opportunity to get that and  all of these projects you know create a provocation you give people the  opportunity to learn for themselves you don't you can't necessarily teach these  things you can only experience them practice them and I think as you said  yesterday Adam stretch the muscles and we have to start stretching and  exercising our mental muscles and our physical muscles rather than running  towards technology and running away from ourselves as humans because this is I  think a dangerous paradigm and it's not gonna lead us where we need to get to  Steven  I'm wondering if you've had problems with political acceptance especially in  Egypt with so much stuff in flux if there's been maybe some backlash or  opposition or mistrust perhaps at what you guys are doing I think there's  there is certainly when I started talking to people in Alexandria or  engaging with a hacker space for a community for example there's a  mistrust of large outside organizations and NGOs and and this is something that  we also have to be aware of is that cultural baggage that we carry with us  representing certain organizations in terms of the the political system it's  more disruptive I think in terms of not being able to work in the space because  the revolution is taking place and and this is the the main thing I think also  whilst what I'm saying is it is political and what spaces do are  political we're focused on actions rather than on conversations and dialogues  we're not out in the street shouting about we need this instead it's more  giving people the opportunity to quiet for themselves so to a degree there's a  degree of stealth there but I can't say personally that I've experienced any  any problems with it but I'm I'm disconnected white guy from this  perspective so it might be better to ask Adam or or Mo about those experiences  or the guys in in at us but personally it's more the inconvenience of not being  able to go into space do you have anything to add on that  okay any other questions I think we're done anyway thank you very much for your  time so Jay guys thanks a lot for these perspectives on how to make a  difference in the real world I think maybe you can meet if you have more  questions you can meet outside for a minute we're gonna have a short break  just seven minutes we're not a good seven-minute pause I think and on the  three goes on with Daniel Bröckerhoff the open journalist see you soon
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