Gustaf V of Sweden Public life What was Gustaf best known for in the public? Gustaf V was considered to have German sympathies during World War I. How did the public feel about his sympathies with Germany ? Another of Gustaf V's objectives was to dispel suspicions that he wanted to bring Sweden into the war on Germany's side. Did he side with any other countries beside Germany ? On 18 December 1914, he sponsored a meeting in Malmo with the other two kings of Scandinavia to demonstrate unity. Were there any controversies during his reign ? At first, Gustaf V seemed to be willing to accept parliamentary rule. Did he cause problems with his parliment ? Gustaf appointed Liberal leader Karl Staaff as Prime Minister. However, during the runup to World War I, the elites objected to Staaff's defence policy.
Did the elites want less defence or more ?
Did the elites want less defense or more?
When he ascended the throne, Gustaf V was, at least on paper, a near-autocrat. The 1809 Instrument of Government made the king both head of state and head of government, and ministers were solely responsible to him. However, his father had been forced to accept a government chosen by the majority in Parliament in 1905. Since then, prime ministers had been chosen according to parliamentary support.  At first, Gustaf V seemed to be willing to accept parliamentary rule. After the Liberals won a massive landslide in 1911, Gustaf appointed Liberal leader Karl Staaff as Prime Minister. However, during the runup to World War I, the elites objected to Staaff's defence policy. In February 1914, a large crowd of farmers gathered at the royal palace and demanded that the country's defences be strengthened. In his reply, the so-called Courtyard Speech--which was actually written by explorer Sven Hedin, an ardent conservative--Gustaf promised to strengthen the country's defences. Staaff was outraged, telling the king parliamentary rule called for the Crown to stay out of partisan politics. He was also angered that he had not been consulted in advance of the speech. However, Gustaf retorted that he still had the right to "communicate freely with the Swedish people." The Staaff government resigned in protest, and Gustaf appointed a government of civil servants headed by Hjalmar Hammarskjold (father of Dag Hammarskjold) in its place. To date, it is the last time that a Swedish king directly intervened in the governing of the country.  The 1917 elections showed a heavy gain for the Liberals and Social Democrats. Despite this, Gustaf initially tried to appoint a Conservative government headed by Johan Widen. However, Widen was unable to form a coalition. It was now apparent that Gustaf could no longer appoint a government entirely of his own choosing, nor could he keep a government in office against the will of Parliament. With no choice but to appoint a Liberal as prime minister, he appointed a Liberal-Social Democratic coalition government headed by Staaff's successor as Liberal leader, Nils Eden. The Eden government promptly arrogated most of the king's political powers to itself and enacted numerous reforms, most notably the institution of complete (male and female) universal suffrage in 1918-1919. While Gustaf still formally appointed the ministers, they now had to have the confidence of Parliament. He was now also bound to act on the ministers' advice. Although the provision in the Instrument of Government stating that "the King alone shall govern the realm" remained unchanged, for all intents and purposes the ministers did the actual governing. Gustaf accepted his reduced role, and reigned for the rest of his life as a model limited constitutional monarch. Parliamentarianism had become a de facto reality in Sweden, even if it would not be formalized until 1974.  Gustaf V was considered to have German sympathies during World War I. His political stance during the war was highly influenced by his wife, who felt a strong connection to her German homeland. On 18 December 1914, he sponsored a meeting in Malmo with the other two kings of Scandinavia to demonstrate unity. Another of Gustaf V's objectives was to dispel suspicions that he wanted to bring Sweden into the war on Germany's side. CANNOTANSWER
Staaff was outraged, telling the king parliamentary rule called for the Crown to stay out of partisan politics.
The 1994 Centennial Cup is the 24th Junior "A" 1994 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Eastern Canadian Champion and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the Olds Grizzlys and Olds, Alberta.

The Playoffs

Round Robin

Note: x- denotes teams who have advanced to the semi-final.

Results
Olds Grizzlys defeat Chateauguay Elites 11-3
Kelowna Spartans defeat Weyburn Red Wings 5-2
Chateauguay Elites defeat Antigonish Bulldogs 9-1
Kelowna Spartans defeat Antigonish Bulldogs 5-4
Olds Grizzlys defeat Weyburn Red Wings 5-0 for the Abbott Cup
Weyburn Red Wings defeat Antigonish Bulldogs 4-3 in Double Overtime
Chateauguay Elites defeat Weyburn Red Wings 6-3
Olds Grizzlys defeat Kelowna Spartans 5-2
Kelowna Spartans defeat Chateauguay Elites 9-6
Olds Grizzlys defeat Antigonish Bulldogs 10-1

Semi and Finals

Please Note: The final was won in Overtime

Awards
Most Valuable Player: Tyler Graham (Olds Grizzlys)
Top Scorer: Martin Duval (Chateauguay Elites)
Most Sportsmanlike Player: Bill Muckalt (Kelowna Spartans)

All-Star Team
Forward
Christian Desrochers (Chateauguay Elites)
Joe Murphy (Olds Grizzlys)
Martin Duval (Chateauguay Elites)
Defence
John Dlouhy (Olds Grizzlys)
Chad Sturrock (Olds Grizzlys)
Goal
Travis Kirby (Weyburn Red Wings)

Roll of League Champions
AJHL: Olds Grizzlys
BCHL: Kelowna Spartans
CJHL: Gloucester Rangers
MJHL: St. Boniface Saints
MJAHL: Antigonish Bulldogs
MetJHL: Wexford Raiders
NOJHL: Powassan Hawks
OPJHL: Orillia Terriers
PCJHL: Kimberley Dynamiters
QPJHL: Chateauguay Elites
SJHL: Weyburn Red Wings

Related links
Canadian Junior A Hockey League
Royal Bank Cup
Anavet Cup
Doyle Cup
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Fred Page Cup
Abbott Cup
Mowat Cup

External links
Royal Bank Cup Website

1994
Cup The 1993 Centennial Cup is the 23rd Junior "A" 1993 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Central Canadian Championship, the Eastern Canadian Champion and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the Amherst Ramblers and Amherst, Nova Scotia.

The Playoffs

Round Robin

Note: x- denotes teams who have advanced to the semi-final.

Results
Amherst Ramblers defeated Chateauguay Elites 2-1
Kelowna Spartans defeated Chateauguay Elites 8-3
Antigonish Bulldogs defeated Flin Flon Bombers 4-2
Kelowna Spartans defeated Antigonish Bulldogs 10-4
Amherst Ramblers defeated Flin Flon Bombers 6-0
Kelowna Spartans defeated Amherst Ramblers 5-2
Chateauguay Elites defeated Flin Flon Bombers 5-1
Amherst Ramblers defeated Antigonish Bulldogs 5-4
Kelowna Spartans defeated Flin Flon 4-3 for the Abbott Cup
Chateauguay Elites defeated Antigonish Bulldogs 4-3 in Double Overtime

Semi and Finals

Please Note: The semi-final, Amherst vs. Chateauguay, was won in Overtime

Awards
Most Valuable Player: Steffon Walby (Kelowna Spartans)
Top Scorer: Martin Masa (Kelowna Spartans)
Most Sportsmanlike Player: Martin Duval (Chateauguay Elites)

All-Star Team
Forward
Curtis Fry (Kelowna Spartans)
Martin Masa (Kelowna Spartans)
Steffon Walby (Kelowna Spartans)
Defence
John Copley (Amherst Ramblers)
Neil Sorochan (Antigonish Bulldogs)
Goal
Todd Hunter (Amherst Ramblers)

Roll of League Champions
AJHL: Olds Grizzlys
BCHL: Kelowna Spartans
CJHL: Ottawa Senators
MJHL: Dauphin Kings
MJAHL: Antigonish Bulldogs
NOJHL: Powassan Hawks
PCJHL: Williams Lake Mustangs
QPJHL: Chateauguay Elites
SJHL: Flin Flon Bombers

Related links
Canadian Junior A Hockey League
Royal Bank Cup
Anavet Cup
Doyle Cup
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Fred Page Cup
Abbott Cup
Mowat Cup

External links
Royal Bank Cup Website

1993
Cup
Amherst, Nova Scotia The King's Knight Opening is a chess opening consisting of the moves:

1. e4 e5
2. Nf3

White's second move attacks the e-pawn. Black usually defends this with 2...Nc6, which leads to several named openings. Of the alternatives, the most important are Petrov's Defense (2...Nf6) and Philidor's Defense (2...d6).

Main line: 2...Nc6

Most games (more than 80%) continue with 2...Nc6.

Some moves from here include:
3. Bb5: Ruy Lopez
 3...a6: Ruy Lopez, Morphy Defence (main line)
 3...Nf6: Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defence
 3...d6: Ruy Lopez, Steinitz Defence
 3...f5: Ruy Lopez, Schliemann Defence
 3...Bc5: Ruy Lopez, Classical Defence
3. Bc4: Italian Game
 3...Bc5: Giuoco Piano
 3...Nf6: Two Knights Defence
 3...d6: Semi-Italian Opening
3. d4: Scotch Game
3. Nc3: Three Knights Game
 3...Nf6: Four Knights Game
 3...g6: Three Knights Game (main)
3. c3: Ponziani Opening

Other Black defenses
Of the alternatives, 2...Nf6 (Petrov's Defense) is considered fully respectable and is common in grandmaster games. Philidor's Defense is playable but is seen more rarely.
2...Nf6: Petrov's Defense (C42)
2...d6: Philidor's Defense (C41)

Less common defenses
A number of less popular continuations are possible.  These openings are generally considered to be less sound than those mentioned above. These openings are all categorized in the ECO under code C40.
 2...f5: Latvian Gambit
 2...d5: Elephant Gambit
 2...Qe7: Gunderam Defense
 2...f6: Damiano Defence 
 2...Qf6: Greco Defence

References

 Batsford Chess Openings 2 (1989, 1994). Garry Kasparov, Raymond Keene. .

External links

 Analysis at Chessgames.com

Chess openings