Gloria Grahame Death When did Grahame die 5 October 1981 What was the cause of death According to Turner's book, Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, his local family doctor told Grahame she had a cancerous tumor in her abdomen "the size of a football". Was her funeral a big deal? Her remains were interred in Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, Los Angeles. Who was she survived by! her two children Was she married at the time of her death Contacting her former lover, actor Peter Turner, she requested to live in Liverpool, in the home of his mother. Was she granted that wish? his local family doctor told Grahame she had a cancerous tumor in her abdomen Did she recieve treatment for the tumor? Grahame was flown back to the United States by her two children where she was immediately admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City.
How long was she in the hospital
How long was Gloria Grahame in the hospital?
In March, 1974, Grahame was diagnosed with breast cancer. She underwent radiation treatment, changed her diet, stopped smoking and drinking alcohol, and also sought homeopathic remedies. In less than a year the cancer went into remission. The cancer returned in 1980 but Grahame refused to acknowledge her diagnosis or seek radiation treatment. Despite her failing health, Grahame continued working in stage productions in the United States and the United Kingdom.  In Autumn of 1981 while performing in Lancaster, England, Grahame was taken ill. The local hospital wanted to perform surgery immediately, which she refused. Contacting her former lover, actor Peter Turner, she requested to live in Liverpool, in the home of his mother. Grahame requested that Turner not contact medical people or her family but Turner did so, as he was concerned about her health. According to Turner's book, Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, his local family doctor told Grahame she had a cancerous tumor in her abdomen "the size of a football". Breast cancer is not mentioned in the book. Peter Turner informed two of Grahame's children, Timothy and Paulette, who were in the United States, of her illness. They travelled to Liverpool deciding to take their mother back to the United States against the wishes of the doctor, Grahame, Peter Turner and his family.  After staying six days at the home of Peter Turner's mother, on 5 October 1981 Grahame was flown back to the United States by her two children where she was immediately admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City. She died in the hospital a few hours after admittance at the age of 57. Her remains were interred in Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, Los Angeles. Grahame had kept an apartment at the New York City complex Manhattan Plaza. The community room at the complex is dedicated to Gloria, with her portrait hanging on the wall. CANNOTANSWER
She died in the hospital a few hours after admittance
Gloria Grahame Hallward (November 28, 1923 – October 5, 1981) was an American born British actress and singer. She began her acting career in theatre, and in 1944 made her first film for MGM.

Despite a featured role in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), MGM did not believe she had the potential for major success, and sold her contract to RKO Studios. Often cast in film noir projects, Grahame was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Crossfire (1947), and later won the award for her work in The Bad and the Beautiful (1952). After starring opposite Humphrey Bogart in In A Lonely Place (1950), she achieved her highest profile with Sudden Fear (1952), The Big Heat (1953), Human Desire (1954), and Oklahoma! (1955), but her film career began to wane soon afterwards.

Grahame returned to work on the stage, but continued to appear in films and television productions, usually in supporting roles.

In 1974, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. It went into remission less than a year later and Grahame returned to work. In 1980, the cancer returned, but Grahame refused to accept the diagnosis or seek treatment. Choosing instead to continue working, she traveled to the United Kingdom to appear in a play. Her health, however, declined rapidly, and she developed peritonitis after undergoing a procedure to remove fluid from her abdomen in September 1981. She returned to New York City, where she died in October 1981, aged 57.

Early life
Grahame was born in Los Angeles, California. She was raised a Methodist. Her English father, Reginald Michael Bloxam Hallward (known as Michael Hallward) was an architect and author; her Scottish mother, Jean (or Jeanne) McDougall, who used the stage name Jean Grahame, was a British stage actress and acting teacher. The couple had an elder daughter, Joy Hallward, an actress who married John Mitchum (the younger brother of actor Robert Mitchum). During Gloria's childhood and adolescence, her mother taught her acting. Grahame attended Hollywood High School before dropping out to pursue acting.

Career
An early stage appearance was in the long-running farce Good Night, Ladies at Chicago's Blackstone Theater, starring Buddy Ebsen, which opened on April 12, 1942.
 

Grahame made her Broadway debut on December 6, 1943 at the Royale Theatre as Florrie in Nunnally Johnson's The World's Full of Girls, which was adapted from Thomas Bell's 1943 novel Till I Come Back to You. She was signed to a contract with MGM Studios under her professional name after Louis B. Mayer saw her performance.

Another Broadway role was in April-May 1944's Highland Fling.

Grahame made her film debut in Blonde Fever (1944) and then achieved one of her most widely praised roles as the flirtatious Violet Bick, saved from disgrace by George Bailey in It's a Wonderful Life (1946). MGM was not able to develop her potential as a star, and her contract was sold to RKO Studios in 1947.

She was often featured in film noir pictures as a tarnished beauty with an irresistible sexual allure. During this time, she made films for several Hollywood studios. She received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for Crossfire (1947).

Grahame starred with Humphrey Bogart in the film In a Lonely Place (1950) for Columbia Pictures, a performance for which she gained praise. Though today it is considered among her finest performances, it was not a box-office hit, and Howard Hughes, owner of RKO, admitted that he never saw it. When she asked to be lent out for roles in Born Yesterday (also 1950) and A Place in the Sun (1951), Hughes refused and instead made her perform a supporting role in Macao (1952).

Despite only appearing for a little over nine minutes on screen, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in MGM's The Bad and the Beautiful (also 1952); she long held the record for the shortest performance on screen to win an acting Oscar until Beatrice Straight won for Network with a five-minute performance.

Her other memorable roles included the scheming Irene Neves in Sudden Fear (also 1952), the femme fatale Vicki Buckley in Human Desire (1953), and mob moll Debby Marsh in Fritz Lang's The Big Heat (1953) in which, in a horrifying off-screen scene, she is scarred by hot coffee thrown in her face by Lee Marvin's character. Grahame appeared as wealthy seductress Harriet Lang in Stanley Kramer's Not as a Stranger (1955) starring Olivia de Havilland, Robert Mitchum, and Frank Sinatra. Grahame also did her own stunts as Angel the Elephant Girl in Cecil B. DeMille's The Greatest Show on Earth, which won the Oscar for best film of 1952.

Grahame's career began to wane after her performance in the musical film Oklahoma! (1955). She, whom audiences were used to seeing as a film noir siren, was viewed by some critics to be miscast as an ignorant country lass in a wholesome musical, and the paralysis of her upper lip from plastic surgery altered her speech and appearance. Additionally, she was rumored to have been difficult on the set of Oklahoma!, upstaging some of the cast and alienating her co-stars. She began a slow return to the theatre, returning to films occasionally to play supporting roles, mostly in minor releases.

She also guest-starred in television series, including the science-fiction series The Outer Limits. In the episode of that series titled "The Guests", Grahame plays a forgotten film star living in the past. She also appears in an episode of The Fugitive ("The Homecoming", 1964) and an episode of Burke's Law ("Who Killed The Rabbit's Husband", 1965). Grahame can be seen also in a 1970 episode of Mannix titled “Duet for Three” (Season 4 Episode 13) and in small roles in the miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man and Seventh Avenue.

The play The Time of Your Life was revived on March 17, 1972, at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles with Grahame, Henry Fonda, Richard Dreyfuss, Lewis J. Stadlen, Ron Thompson, Jane Alexander, Richard X. Slattery, and Pepper Martin among the cast, and Edwin Sherin directing.

Personal life
Over time, Grahame became increasingly concerned with her physical appearance; she particularly felt her upper lip was too thin and had ridges that were too deep. She began stuffing cotton or tissues under it, which she felt gave her a sexier look. Several co-stars discovered this during kissing scenes. In the mid-1940s, Grahame began undergoing small cosmetic procedures on her lips and face. According to her niece, Vicky Mitchum, Grahame's obsession with her looks led her to undergo more cosmetic procedures that rendered her upper lip largely immobile because of nerve damage. Mitchum said, "Over the years, she [Grahame] carved herself up, trying to make herself into an image of beauty she felt should exist but didn't. Others saw her as a beautiful person, but she never did, and crazy things spread from that." 

Grahame was a Democrat who supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign in the 1952 presidential election.

Relationships, marriages, and children
Grahame was married four times and had four children. Her first marriage was to actor Stanley Clements in August 1945. They divorced in June 1948. The day after her divorce from Clements was made final, Grahame married director Nicholas Ray. They had a son, Timothy, in November 1948. After several separations and reconciliations, Grahame and Ray divorced in 1952. Grahame's third marriage was to writer and television producer Cy Howard. They married in August 1954 and had a daughter, Marianna Paulette in 1956. Grahame filed for divorce from Howard in May 1957, citing mental cruelty. Their divorce was made final in November 1957.

Grahame's fourth and final marriage was to actor Anthony "Tony" Ray (b. 1937), the son of her second husband Nicholas Ray and his first wife Jean Evans; Anthony Ray was her former stepson. According to Nicholas Ray, their relationship reportedly began when Tony Ray was 13 years old and Grahame was still married to his father (Nicholas Ray allegedly caught the two in bed together, which he claimed effectively ended the marriage to Grahame in 1950.) However, Grahame's former partner and biographer, Peter Turner, has disputed this, saying that the story of Tony being underage when Grahame began her sexual relationship with him is "fiction". Grahame and Anthony Ray reconnected in 1958 and married in Tijuana, Mexico, in May, 1960. The couple went on to have two children: Anthony, Jr. (born 1963) and James (born 1965).

News of the marriage was kept private until 1962, when it was written about in the tabloids and the ensuing scandal damaged Grahame's reputation and affected her career. After learning of her marriage to Anthony Ray, Grahame's third husband, Cy Howard, attempted to gain sole custody of the couple's daughter, Marianna. Howard claimed Grahame was an unfit mother, and the two fought over custody of Marianna for years. The stress of the scandal, her waning career, and her custody battle with Howard took its toll on Grahame and she had a nervous breakdown. She later underwent electroshock therapy in 1964. Despite the surrounding scandal, Grahame's marriage to Anthony Ray was her only one, of four, to last well beyond four years (her marriage to his father lasted 4 years 2 months), as they did not divorce until a few days short of their 14th anniversary, in May 1974.

From 1979 to 1981, Grahame had a relationship with Peter Turner. Turner authored a book about his relationship with Grahame called Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, which was later turned into a movie with the same name.

Grahame had an affair with her leading man Glenn Ford during the filming of Human Desire in 1954.

Death
In March 1974, Grahame was diagnosed with breast cancer. She underwent radiation treatment, changed her diet, stopped smoking and drinking alcohol, and also sought homeopathic remedies. In less than a year, the cancer went into remission. The cancer returned in 1980, but Grahame refused to acknowledge her diagnosis or seek radiation treatment. Despite her failing health, Grahame continued working in stage productions in the United States and the United Kingdom.

In the autumn of 1981, while performing at The Dukes in Lancaster, England, Grahame was taken ill. The local hospital wanted to perform surgery immediately, but she refused. Contacting her former lover, actor Peter Turner, she requested to live in Liverpool at the home of Turner's mother, where she would remain for six days.

Grahame requested that Turner not contact medical people or her family, but Turner did so, for he was concerned about her health. According to Turner's book Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, his local family doctor told Grahame that she had a cancerous tumor in her abdomen "the size of a football." Breast cancer is not mentioned in the book.

Turner informed Grahame's children Timothy and Marianna of her illness, and they brought Grahame back to the U.S., against her wishes and those of her doctor and Turner, on October 5, 1981. She was immediately admitted to St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City, where she died a few hours later at the age of 57.

Grahame's remains were interred at Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, Los Angeles. Her death came just 11 days before that of her first husband Stanley Clements, who died from emphysema on October 16. Grahame had kept an apartment at the Manhattan Plaza residential complex; and its community room, where her portrait hangs, is dedicated to her.

Legacy
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Gloria Grahame has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6522 Hollywood Boulevard.

The motion picture Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool, based on Peter Turner's account of the final years of Grahame's life, was released in the United Kingdom on November 16, 2017, and in the United States on December 29, 2017. In the film, Grahame is portrayed by Annette Bening.

Filmography

Footnotes

Sources

Further reading
 Peter Turner, Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (New York: Grove Press, 1987)

External links

In Loving Memory Of Gloria Grahame
Gloria Grahame at Film Reference
 – Article by Donald Chase
Gloria Grahame at Virtual History

1923 births
1981 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
Actresses from Los Angeles
American film actresses
American Methodists
American people of British descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Burials at Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from peritonitis
Hollywood High School alumni
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
California Democrats
Nurse Minnie A. Bere, D.C.S. (6 January 1875 - 22 November 1910) was a Scottish medical missionary. Bere was the first nurse to carry out foreign mission work for the Church of Scotland's Mission in the newly founded hospital in Yichang, China. She trained Chinese nurses in the hospital and assisted teaching in the local schools in Yichang. She documented her life in China through letters she sent to the Angus and Mearns Council of the Church of Scotland's Woman's Guild.

Early life and becoming a missionary 
Minnie Bere was born on 6 January 1875 in India. Because of her commitment to the Church, she was commissioned to be a "Deaconess of the Church of Scotland (D.C.S.)." In the spring of 1901, the Angus and Mearns Council of the Church of Scotland's Woman's Guild elected her to represent the movement abroad. Bere was to be a church missionary for five years at the Rankine Memorial Hospital in Yichang, China.

Missionary work

Journey to China 
On 4 November 1901 Bere left Edinburgh on a six-week voyage to Shanghai. She practiced the Chinese language with other passengers on board. After arriving in Shanghai on 14 December she boarded another steamer to go to Hankou and, ultimately, Yichang. Bere arrived in Yichang on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1901.

Rankine Memorial Hospital 
Bere immediately joined the hospital staff at David Rankine Memorial Hospital the day she arrived. The staff included two doctors - Dr. George Frederick Stooke and Dr. Graham - and five members of the Women's Association of the Church of Scotland - Miss Fraser, Miss Moore, Miss MacGill, Nurse Bere, and Mrs. Rankine.

The hospital opened in May 1901. The complex housed separate wards for the Chinese, foreigners, women, and opium patients. Next to the wards was the hospital dispensary, operating room, out-patient area, and chapel. In The China Medical Missionary Journal, Drs. Stooke and Graham describe the chapel as the place where "the evangelist [hospital staff] preaches to the patients waiting to be seen (152)". At the time of Bere's arrival, a new isolation ward was being constructed to better accommodate patients with smallpox, cholera, malaria, etc. It was the only hospital that had a medical doctor to serve the natives and foreigners within a 500-mile radius.

Hospital duties 
Bere used her recent hospital training in Scotland to assist Dr. Stooke and Dr. Graham in the hospital. She trained three Chinese women on how to make, clean, and repair hospital bed covers and patient garments. She taught them how to properly care for surgical tools and prepare the operating theatre for a new surgical procedure. Bere also had coolies under her direction. She worked to reform the "great class distinctions in China" the coolies and the rest of the natives believed in (Bere, 18). She demonstrated to them how to feed and clean patients while simultaneously reminding them of the dignity of their work.

When she was not teaching the three women or the coolies, Bere was actively improving the hospital and Church. In her 14th letter to the Angus and Mearns Council, Bere states that "besides spring-cleaning, I have fresh mattress, pillow, and screen covers to make, and I am also planning two baby baskets to keep the little ones out of their mamma's beds" (36). Her improvements proved to help the hospital financially. Some missionaries who passed through Yichang and noticed the improving hospital donated £5 per year in the naming of a hospital bed. Like her other hospital colleagues, she sometimes cared for foreign patients in their homes around Yichang. Bere's inpatient work served well for the Church of Scotland because she preached to her patients in the wards.

Community duties and life 
On top of her duties as a nurse, Bere possessed other roles within the community. She constantly preached the Church doctrine. To better integrate with the community, a private teacher visited her home every day to teach her both oral and written Chinese. Her examinations included speaking scripture passages to the natives and translating scriptures passages between English and Chinese on paper. Once she became proficient, Bere began to accompany other Church missionaries to visit neighboring villages to preach the Church doctrine. On Sundays, she taught the Chinese children how to sing common Christian hymns. During some Sunday services, she gave a sermon at the native church. Also, Bere taught in the local day and boarding schools when her colleagues fell ill or were on a leave of absence.

Bere paid close attention to one girl she cared for in the hospital. The fifteen-year-old girl was a beggar and was admitted to the hospital to have her hand amputated. Upon learning she was an orphan, Bere adopted her and named her "An-In." Then, she baptized An-In into the Church and had her attend the local girl's boarding school.

In order to stay in close contact with the women of the Agnus and Mearns Council, she wrote letters to them. She vividly described the work and travels of her and her fellow missionaries in Yichang. She also used these letters to ask the women to send linens and cloths to increase the inventory of materials for the hospital.

Legacy 
Minnie Bere went on leave on 22 January 1907, going back to Edinburgh. She returned to Yichang in August 1908. In November 1910, she contracted cholera when she was caring for a cholera patient. She died from the disease on 22 November 1910 in Yichang. She was 35. With her death, she left behind her adopted daughter, An-In. She spread the influence of the Church of Scotland in China through her involvement in the local community as well as her detailed written documentation of the work of other medical missionaries. In her own words in her first letter to the Angus and Mearns Council, she states that "in medical mission work one has the best opportunity for faithful service and witnessing for Christ" (Bere, 2). She also has a legacy of using her knowledge to make progress in the hospital and Chinese hospital staff. Her missionary life is forever recorded in her letters to the Angus and Mearns Council, which are now accessible online.

References 

Female Christian missionaries
Christian medical missionaries
1875 births
1910 deaths
Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
Presbyterian missionaries in China On December 20, 2020, the American physician Susan Moore (born ) died in Indiana from complications related to COVID-19. In the weeks preceding her death, Moore, who was black, had shared concerns that her symptoms were not being taken seriously by white medical professionals.

Life 
Susan Moore was born in Jamaica. She had a degree in Engineering from Kettering University in Flint, and was a graduate of the University of Michigan Medical School. Her close family included her nineteen-year old son, Henry Muhammed, and her elderly parents both of whom she cared for at the time of her death, since they were living with dementia.

Treatment for COVID-19

Admission to Indiana University Health North Hospital 
Moore tested positive for COVID-19 on November 29, 2020, and was admitted to Indiana University Health North Hospital for care. On December 4, 2020 she shared a video to Facebook where she recorded her experience of medical care there. In it she described how white doctors refused her pain medication, which she said "...made me feel like I was a drug addict". She also recalled in the video how she had to beg for treatment with the anti-viral drug remdesivir, used to treat COVID-19 patients not on a ventilator, in addition to begging for a CT scan. She reported that a white doctor said, “You’re not even short of breath”, which she said she was. In the video she stated that: “I put forth and maintain, if I was white, I wouldn’t have to go through that ..  This is how Black people get killed, when you send them home, and they don’t know how to fight for themselves.”

On December 7, 2020, Moore was discharged from IUHNH.

Admission to Ascension-St. Vincent Hospital 
However just twelve hours later, she was re-admitted to hospital, this time to Ascension-St. Vincent Hospital. There she experienced improved medical treatment, according to her Facebook posts. Her final Facebook post read that she was being transferred to an intensive care unit. On December 10, 2020 she was intubated.

Death 
Moore died at Ascension-St. Vincent Hospital in Carmel on December 20, 2020.

Aftermath 
Moore's death is viewed by some as an example of medical racism, where her race was a defining factor in how she was perceived and the treatment she was given.

In their statement after Moore's death the African American Policy Forum stated that "systemic forms of racism .. construct a reality wherein women like Dr. Moore can be stereotyped as an addict simply because they request the medication necessary to treat the excruciatingly painful side effects of a lethal disease. Here racism and sexism served to typecast Dr. Moore as someone who could be deemed unruly, intimidating, and untrustworthy at perhaps the most vulnerable moment of her life."

In the period of the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccinations began and the history of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was frequently cited as the reason for vaccine hesitancy among Black Americans, Moore was invoked as a counter-example of present-day racism that poses obstacles to accessing health care and erodes trust in it.

References

2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana
African-American women physicians
African-American physicians
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
Jamaican women
University of Michigan alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women