Harold Ramis Illness and death What health problems did Remis had? In May 2010, Ramis contracted an infection that resulted in complications from autoimmune inflammatory vasculitis and lost the ability to walk. What happened after he lost the ability to walk? After relearning to walk he suffered a relapse of the disease in late 2011. Was this relapse worse than the original time he faced the illness? He died of complications of the disease on February 24, 2014 What happened after he died? A private funeral was held for him two days later with family, friends, and several collaborators in attendance Are there any other interesting aspects about this article? Upon Ramis' death, President Barack Obama released a statement, saying: "when we watched his movies--from Animal House and Caddyshack to Ghostbusters and Groundhog Day How did his fans react to his death? Murray gave tribute to Ramis at the 86th Academy Awards.
What are some highlights of Rami's carreer?
What are some highlights of Harold Ramis' carreer?
In May 2010, Ramis contracted an infection that resulted in complications from autoimmune inflammatory vasculitis and lost the ability to walk. After relearning to walk he suffered a relapse of the disease in late 2011.  He died of complications of the disease on February 24, 2014 at his home on Chicago's North Shore, at age 69. A private funeral was held for him two days later with family, friends, and several collaborators in attendance including Dan Aykroyd, Chevy Chase, Eugene Levy, Dave Thomas, David Pasquesi, Andrew Alexander, and the widows of John Belushi and Bernard Sahlins. He is buried at Shalom Memorial Park in Arlington Heights.  Upon Ramis' death, President Barack Obama released a statement, saying: "when we watched his movies--from Animal House and Caddyshack to Ghostbusters and Groundhog Day--we didn't just laugh until it hurt. We questioned authority. We identified with the outsider. We rooted for the underdog. And through it all, we never lost our faith in happy endings." He ended his statement by saying he hoped Ramis "received total consciousness", in reference to a line from Caddyshack.  Ramis and longtime collaborator Bill Murray had a falling out during the filming of Groundhog Day. Shortly before Ramis' death Murray visited him, and the two spoke for the first time in 21 years. Murray gave tribute to Ramis at the 86th Academy Awards.  Ramis was paid tribute by Stephen Colbert on an episode of his show The Colbert Report. Colbert said that "as a young, bookish man with glasses looking for a role model, I might have picked Harold Ramis". He ended the show by thanking Ramis. CANNOTANSWER
Animal House and Caddyshack to Ghostbusters and Groundhog Day
Harold Allen Ramis (; November 21, 1944 – February 24, 2014) was an American actor, comedian, director and writer. His best-known film acting roles were as Egon Spengler in Ghostbusters (1984) and Ghostbusters II (1989), and as Russell Ziskey in Stripes (1981); he also co-wrote those films. As a director, his films include the comedies Caddyshack (1980), National Lampoon's Vacation (1983), Groundhog Day (1993), Analyze This (1999) and Analyze That (2002). Ramis was the original head writer of the television series SCTV, on which he also performed, as well as a co-writer of Groundhog Day and National Lampoon's Animal House (1978). The final film that he wrote, produced, directed, and acted in was Year One (2009).

Ramis's films influenced subsequent generations of comedians, comedy writers and actors. Filmmakers and actors including Jay Roach, Jake Kasdan, Adam Sandler, and Peter and Bobby Farrelly have cited his films as among their favorites. Along with Danny Rubin, he won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for Groundhog Day.

Early life
Ramis was born on November 21, 1944, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Ruth (née Cokee) (1919-2001) and Nathan Ramis (1915-2009), who owned the Ace Food & Liquor Mart on the city's far North Side. Ramis had a Jewish upbringing. In his adult life, he did not practice any religion. He graduated from Stephen K. Hayt Elementary School in June 1958 and Nicholas Senn High School in 1962, both Chicago public schools, and in 1966 from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was a member of the Alpha Xi chapter of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity.

Afterward, Ramis worked in a mental institution in St. Louis for seven months. He later said of his time working there that it:

Career

Early years
Ramis began writing parodic plays in college, saying years later, "In my heart, I felt I was a combination of Groucho and Harpo Marx, of Groucho using his wit as a weapon against the upper classes, and of Harpo's antic charm and the fact that he was oddly sexy—he grabs women, pulls their skirts off, and gets away with it." He avoided the Vietnam War military draft by taking methamphetamine to fail his draft physical.

Following his work in St. Louis, Ramis returned to Chicago, where by 1968, he was a substitute teacher at schools serving the inner-city Robert Taylor Homes. He also became associated with the guerrilla television collective TVTV, headed by his college friend Michael Shamberg, and wrote freelance for the Chicago Daily News. "Michael Shamberg, right out of college, had started freelancing for newspapers and got on as a stringer for a local paper, and I thought, 'Well, if Michael can do that, I can do that.' I wrote a spec piece and submitted it to the Chicago Daily News, the Arts & Leisure section, and they started giving me assignments [for] entertainment features." Additionally, Ramis had begun studying and performing with Chicago's Second City improvisational comedy troupe.

Ramis's newspaper writing led to him becoming joke editor at Playboy magazine. "I called…just cold and said I had written several pieces freelance and did they have any openings. And they happened to have their entry-level job, party jokes editor, open. He liked my stuff and he gave me a stack of jokes that readers had sent in and asked me to rewrite them. I had been in Second City in the workshops already and Michael Shamberg and I had written comedy shows in college." Ramis was eventually promoted to associate editor.

National Lampoon, SCTV, and The Top
After leaving Second City for a time and returning in 1972, having been replaced in the main cast by John Belushi, Ramis worked his way back as Belushi's deadpan foil. In 1974, Belushi brought Ramis and other Second City performers, including Ramis's frequent future collaborator Bill Murray, to New York City to work on The National Lampoon Radio Hour.

During this time, Ramis, Belushi, Murray, Joe Flaherty, Christopher Guest, and Gilda Radner starred in the revue The National Lampoon Show, the successor to National Lampoon's Lemmings. Later, Ramis became a performer on, and head writer of, the late-night sketch-comedy television series SCTV during its first three years (1976–1979). He was soon offered work as a writer at Saturday Night Live but chose to continue with SCTV. Characterizations by Ramis on SCTV include corrupt Dialing for Dollars host/SCTV station manager Maurice "Moe" Green, amiable cop Officer Friendly, exercise guru Swami Bananananda, board chairman Allan "Crazy Legs" Hirschman and home dentist Mort Finkel. His celebrity impressions on SCTV included Kenneth Clark and Leonard Nimoy.

In 1984, Ramis executive produced a music/comedy/variety television show called The Top. The producer was Paul Flattery and the director was David Jove. Ramis got involved after the mysterious death of his friend Peter Ivers who had hosted Jove's underground show "New Wave Theater." He called Jove and offered to help. Flattery and Jove pitched him the idea for The Top, and Ramis was instrumental in getting it on the air.

The show was a mixture of live music, videos, and humor. Performers on the show included Cyndi Lauper, who performed "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" and "True Colors"; the Hollies, who performed "Stop in the Name of Love"; and the Romantics, who performed their two hits at the time, "Talking in Your Sleep" and "What I Like About You."

Guest stars included Rodney Dangerfield, Chevy Chase, and Dan Aykroyd. Ramis got Bill Murray to host but, because Ghostbusters filming ran late, he did not make it to the taping. Chase came out dressed as a "punk" of the time and somehow got into a physical altercation with an audience member (also a punk) during the opening monologue. He immediately left the taping. Flattery and Jove carried on with the show.

Ramis then got Andy Kaufman to fill in for Chase and recorded the host segments at a separate, later, session;  it would be Kaufman's final professional appearance.

The Top aired on Friday, January 27, 1984, at 7 p.m. It scored a 7.7% rating and a 14% share. This represented a 28% rating increase and a 27% share increase over KTLA's regularly scheduled Happy Days/Laverne and Shirley.

Film career
Ramis left SCTV to pursue a film career and wrote a script with National Lampoon magazine's Douglas Kenney, which eventually became National Lampoon's Animal House. They were later joined by a third collaborator, Chris Miller. The 1978 film followed the struggle between a rowdy college fraternity house and the college dean. The film's humor was raunchy for its time. Animal House "broke all box-office records for comedies" and earned $141 million.

He also had a voice part as Zeke in the "So Beautiful & So Dangerous" segment of Heavy Metal in 1981.

Ramis next co-wrote the comedy Meatballs, starring Bill Murray. The movie was a commercial success and became the first of six film collaborations between Murray and Ramis. His third film and his directorial debut was Caddyshack, which he wrote with Kenney and Brian Doyle-Murray. It starred Chevy Chase, Rodney Dangerfield, Ted Knight, and Bill Murray. Like Ramis's previous two films, Caddyshack was a commercial success.

In 1982, Ramis was attached to direct the film adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole.  The film was to star John Belushi and Richard Pryor, but the project was aborted. In 1984, Ramis collaborated with Dan Aykroyd on the screenplay for Ghostbusters, which became one of the biggest comedy hits of all time, in which he also starred as Dr. Egon Spengler. He reprised the role for the 1989 sequel, Ghostbusters II (which he also co-wrote with Aykroyd). His later film Groundhog Day has been called his "masterpiece."

His films have been noted for attacking "the smugness of institutional life…with an impish good [will] that is unmistakably American." They are also noted for "Ramis's signature tongue-in-cheek pep talks." Sloppiness and improv were also important aspects of his work. Ramis frequently depicted the qualities of "anger, curiosity, laziness, and woolly idealism" in "a hyper-articulate voice."

Ramis also occasionally acted in supporting roles in acclaimed films that he did not write or direct, such as James L. Brooks's Academy Award-winning As Good as It Gets (1997) and Judd Apatow's hit comedy Knocked Up (2007).

In 2004, Ramis turned down the opportunity to direct the Bernie Mac-Ashton Kutcher film Guess Who, then under the working title "The Dinner Party," because he considered it poorly written. That same year, he began filming the low-budget The Ice Harvest, "his first attempt to make a comic film noir." Ramis spent six weeks trying to get the film greenlit because he had difficulty reaching an agreement about stars John Cusack's and Billy Bob Thornton's salaries. The film received mixed reviews. In 2004, Ramis's typical directing fee was $5 million.

In an interview in the documentary American Storytellers, Ramis said he hoped to make a film about Emma Goldman (even pitching Disney with the idea of having Bette Midler star) but that none of the film studios were interested and that it would have been difficult to raise the funding.

Ramis said in 2009 that he planned to make a third Ghostbusters film for release either in mid-2011 or for Christmas 2012. A reboot to the franchise, also called Ghostbusters, was eventually made and released in 2016, directed and co-written by Paul Feig. In this film, a bronze bust of Ramis can be seen when Erin Gilbert leaves her office at Columbia University.

Personal life
Ramis was married twice and had four children. On July 2, 1967, he married San Francisco artist Anne Plotkin, with whom he had a daughter, Violet Ramis Stiel. Actor and Ghostbusters co-star Bill Murray is Violet's godfather. Ramis and Plotkin separated in 1984 and later divorced. Ramis' daughter Mollie Heckerling was born in 1985 and Mollie Heckerling's mother is Amy Heckerling, a director. In 1989, Ramis married Erica Mann, daughter of director Daniel Mann and actress Mary Kathleen Williams. Together they had two sons, Julian Arthur and Daniel Hayes in 1990 and 1994. Although Ramis maintained humanist beliefs, Erica's Buddhist upbringing greatly influenced his philosophies for the rest of his life, and he became friends with the Dalai Lama.

Ramis was a Chicago Cubs fan and attended games every year to conduct the seventh-inning stretch at Wrigley Field. His pastimes included fencing, ritual drumming, acoustic guitar, and making hats from felted fleece; additionally, he taught himself to ski by watching skiers on television.

Illness and death

In May 2010, Ramis contracted an infection that resulted in complications from autoimmune inflammatory vasculitis and lost the ability to walk. After relearning to walk he suffered a relapse of the disease in late 2011.

He died of complications of the disease on February 24, 2014, at his home on Chicago's North Shore, at age 69. A private funeral was held for him two days later with family, friends, and several collaborators in attendance, including Dan Aykroyd, Chevy Chase, Eugene Levy, Dave Thomas, David Pasquesi, Andrew Alexander, and the widows of John Belushi and Bernard Sahlins. He is buried at Shalom Memorial Park in Arlington Heights.

Upon Ramis's death, President Barack Obama released a statement, saying, "When we watched his movies—from Animal House and Caddyshack to Ghostbusters and Groundhog Day—we didn't just laugh until it hurt. We questioned authority. We identified with the outsider. We rooted for the underdog. And through it all, we never lost our faith in happy endings." He ended his statement by saying he hoped Ramis "received total consciousness," in reference to a line from Caddyshack.

Ramis and longtime collaborator Bill Murray had a falling out during the filming of Groundhog Day, which Ramis attributed to problems that Murray had in his own life at the time. They did not speak for more than 20 years. Shortly before Ramis's death, Murray, encouraged by his brother Brian Doyle-Murray, visited him to make amends with a box of donuts and a police escort, according to Ramis's daughter Violet. At that point, Ramis had lost most of his ability to speak, so Murray did most of the talking over several hours. Murray gave a tribute to Ramis at the 86th Academy Awards.

Stephen Colbert paid tribute to Ramis on an episode of his show The Colbert Report. Colbert said that "as a young, bookish man with glasses looking for a role model, I might have picked Harold Ramis." He ended the show by thanking him.

Awards and honors
In 2004, Ramis was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. In 2005, he received the Austin Film Festival's Distinguished Screenwriter Award. In 2010, he received a lifetime achievement award from the Chicago Improv Festival. In 2015, the Writers Guild of America posthumously honored him with their lifetime achievement award, the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement.

In 2016, two years after his death, The Second City founded the Harold Ramis Film School, the first film school to focus solely on film comedy, in his honor.

The 2016 film Ghostbusters, a reboot of the series Ramis co-created and starred in, was posthumously dedicated to him. A bust of Ramis appears in the film. In the 2021 movie Ghostbusters: Afterlife, the age-progressed image of Ramis appears as the ghost of Egon Spengler; a dedication before the end credits also reads "for Harold."

Collaborations
Ramis frequently collaborated with Ivan Reitman. He co-wrote National Lampoon's Animal House, which Reitman produced, then co-wrote the Reitman-directed comedy Meatballs; he co-wrote and appeared in the Reitman-directed films Stripes, Ghostbusters, and Ghostbusters II.

Filmography

Films

Television

Acting roles

Video games

Archival appearances

References

Further reading

External links
 
 
 Henkel, Guido. "Anatomy of a Comedian: Harold Ramis", DVD Review, August 6, 1999
 Garfinkel, Perry. "And If He Sees His Shadow...", Lion's Roar, July 2009
 Meatballs Movie Website
 The films of Harold Ramis, Hell Is For Hyphenates, April 30, 2014

1944 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American screenwriters
American people of Jewish descent
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
American television writers
Best Original Screenplay BAFTA Award winners
Comedy film directors
Deaths from vasculitis
Jewish American male actors
Male actors from Chicago
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Jewish American writers
Film directors from Illinois
American male television writers
Comedians from Illinois
Writers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Illinois
Jewish American male comedians
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Rámi Méir (Ра́ми Ме́ир), full name Rahamim Nuvahovich Migirov – is an Israeli artist who was born in Azerbaijan 11 April 1962. He is also a poet, singer, author of song lyrics, idioms and parables. Nowadays he lives and works in Moscow. Rami Meir is the chairman of Russia's Mountain Jewish Union of Artists. Many of his paintings are in private hands in Russia, the United States and Israel.

Early years 
Rami Meir was born in a Mountain Jewish family on 11 April 1962 in Baku – capital city of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. In the 1990s he immigrated with his family to Israel, where he started learning Hebrew and other ancient languages to be able to read religious texts in the original: he thoroughly studied world religions including such books as Torah, the Quran, the Old and New Testaments, Kabbalah; he got acquainted with Hindu and Greek mythologies. Besides that, he began putting lost parables of different peoples into written form as well as creating parables, philosophical lyrics and idioms of his own.

Painting 
Rami Meir took up painting at vocational school. He was taught the skills of engraver of artistic goods and jewellery creating piece works on metal. During his first year of studying he was elected by students to the internal school's commission focused on selecting students’ artworks for exhibitions of different level. All commission members were supposed to professionally appreciate arts. Those new responsibilities made him try to work in various artistic fields with the use of all kinds of techniques. That is how Rami Meir started painting pictures. Now painting is one of the most important things in artist's life and creativity.

Styles and features in painting 
Rami Meir makes paintings of realism, symbolism, impressionism, etc. The plots of some of his pictures are realistic, but set out by means of profound characters and symbols. That is the language Rami Meir uses to share with audience his great life experience and accumulated knowledge about the world including the role of human being in the entire Universe.

Working in realistic figurative style of painting he built up his own art language, that involves the use of a unique technique of 3-D strokes based on classic methods in combination with glazeglazing. The exclusive artist's feature of "golden stroke", with which each artwork by Rami Meir begins, reflects his special relationship to the creative process. Drawing paintings the artist tends to saturate them with a range of bright colors, which both imparts a positive sense and fills his works with high philosophical meaning. All of this allows us to consider Rami Meir as one of the most prominent figures in contemporary art in Russia and Israel.

Jewish studies and culture are one of the remarkable themes in his artworks. With the help of historical records, old postcards and photos he managed to explore main industrial arts, everyday life and traditional clothing of Mountain Jews from the Caucasus and South Caucasus regions and addressed all of that to his canvases, which formed a unique series of paintings called Mountain Jews.

The creativity of Rami Meir is not intuitive, it's the expression of author's rich knowledge acquired after many years of: studying world religions, wisdoms of great thinkers and religious figures, exploring the laws of the Universe as well as the laws and principles of the existence of any form of life. Rami Meir's artworks reflect the knowledge empowered with earth's energy to the globe.

3D strokes 
The innovative approach in Rami Meir's art is using the technique of ЗD strokes when making paintings, the result of being educated as engraver of artistic goods and jewellery.

He has developed a unique technique of Golden stroke and introduced it to creating painting process. This technique represents a sort of performancee for contemporary art.

Golden stroke 
The key secret about Rami Meir's pictorial artworks is the way of "golden stroke" «founding" before he starts writing each painting. The symbolism of the word "to found" perfectly captures the essence that the artist makes on canvas with first stroke. Rami Meir has created a system where the first brush on painting founds the content of the artwork being created in matter by the artist at that very moment, and fills it with living spirit. The main special thing of the technique is that the "golden stroke" must be founded by a female person on Rami Meir's canvas.

Rami Meir Art Studio in Moscow 
Today Rami Meir has his own gallery at Grand Furniture mall. Rami Meir Art Studio offers a collection of artworks: more than 60 paintings, chased items, sculptures made of wood and marble. There are about 180 canvases in total.

Music 
Rami Meir took a great interest in music during his school years when he was 11 years old: he started taking guitar and piano lessons at one of Baku's musical workshops. At the same age Rami Meir began writing poems and even then he made his first attempts to set the ones on music. But he made his career as author of song lyrics and singer in his mature years.

Rami Meir has released two studio albums in collaboration with Igor Timakov, – music maker and author of music to songs. They are working on their third record in 2020.

Special project: postcards with paintings 
In 2019 Rami Meir introduced a series of postcards with plots of his paintings just before the New Year. Some parts of them represent faces, handicrafts and clothing of Azerbaijan's Mountain Jews. The back side of postcards contains fragments from parables and idioms by Rami Meir. There are 21 postcards in this series totally. The author explained the message of it in the following way: I wish people would send postcards all over again! And through these postcards I want to make people have warm feelings and understanding of one thing: the dear and loved should be appreciated during their lifetime. I could help them express that wonderful feeling that they have inside them.

Creativity

Reviews 
The presentation of Hudo Kumek! Tiro Kumek! (God speed you! Torah speed you! ) music album as well as the exhibition of Rami Meir's paintings took place at Radisson Collection Hotel (Hotel Ukraina, Moscow) in 2019. The event was attended by Moscow's elite of Azerbaijani and Mountain Jewish ethnicities. Nisu Nisuev an artist and member of Moscow Union of Artists, thinks that Rami Meir is a very Multifarious person. A lot of his works have something in common with the style of first impressionists. The artist skillfully conveys his wealth of life experience into the language of fine art. His series of painting Mountain Jews is particularly impressive.Ephraim Amiramov, a singer, mentioned: Rami is a man of great talent. He is a poet, singer and artist. I'm inspired by everything he creates. Garri Kanaev, a music maker, stated: All what we saw and listened to performed by our friend Rami Meir at Hotel Ukraina in Moscow is a real feast of creative work.

Goals of creativity 
This is how Rami Meir explains the key goal of his creativity: I want to embellish the lives of others, to give them the light. I don't only mean the top layer of joy and impression out of nice image and well-done job, the main goal is very integral: to reflect how wonderful the world around us, how heavenly everything around us. It happens when a person comes up to the painting and sees that it lights up with a kind of internal warmth, which is put into the canvas by the artist. The energy of painting is the energy of artist. It makes you smile and feel the excitement of joy, it brings positive thoughts to your mind.

Fallout 
Rami Meir performed his service in the Soviet Army. Having found out his professional qualification, his commander ship introduced a new appointment called regimental engraver. In these two years of military service he created about 40 unique objects of art. Unfortunately, in 1983 the majority of those artworks were irretrievably lost during the transportation to all union exhibition held at VDNH (Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy).

Honours 
Rami Meir was elected as chairman of Russia's Mountain Jewish Union of Artists.

Family 
Rami Meir is married and has two children. His family lives in Israel.

References

Sources 
 Major forms, themes and motifs of the creativity of Rami Meir by Natalia Ivanova, PhD in Political Science, Winner of Tvardovsky National Literary Award Новости «Основные направления, темы и мотивы творчества Rami Meir» от автора Rami Meir
 Review of artworks by Rami Meir (an Israeli artist of Russian origin) by Vera Pereyatenets, fine art expert (certified by the Ministry of culture of the Russian Federation with the right to report on works of painting, graphics and applied art (17–20 centuries, Russia) Новости «Рецензия на творчество Rami Meir искусствоведа-эксперта В. И. Переятенец» от автора Rami Meir

External links 
 Official website Rami Meir
 Official page Rami Meir. Instagram
 Official page Rami Meir. FaceBook
 Rami Meir: Bakuvians are multinational aristocrats of the Caucasus
 Rami Meir – art creator: I am proud of being from Baku!
 Russia’s Mountain Jewish Union of Artists has been established
 Rami Meir, Mountain Jewish music star, presents his new album
 Mountain Jews in the art of Rami Meir
 The Bakuvian Rami Meir: I wish people would send postcards all over again!
 İncəsənət xadimi Rami Meir: Fəxr edirəm ki, bakılıyam!

1962 births
Living people
Azerbaijani emigrants to Israel
Israeli painters Ahmed Rami (; born 12 December 1946) is a Moroccan-Swedish writer, political activist, coup d'etat participant, military officer, political scientist, and Holocaust denier. He gained attention as the founder of the radio station Radio Islam, which now functions as a website.

Biography
Rami was born in Tafraout, Morocco, the son of a Berber sheikh. While attending the école normale supérieure in Casablanca, Rami joined the National Union of Popular Forces. After graduating in June 1963, Rami taught history, geography, French and Arabic at secondary schools in Casablanca. In autumn 1965, Rami enrolled in the Royal Military Academy in Meknes with the intention — as an officer — of becoming more effective in his opposition to the regime. Following the arrest and disappearance of Mehdi Ben Barka, Rami became resolved "to enter the system in order to destroy it." Rami became a tank lieutenant in the Royal Moroccan Army and claims to have had close ties with general Mohamed Oufkir. Convinced that the King of Morocco Hassan II was a puppet of Jews and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Rami participated in the 1972 Moroccan coup attempt. He sought and obtained political asylum in Sweden in 1973.

In 1987, Rami began using a public access Swedish radio station to broadcast Radio Islam, ostensibly a public relations program for Sweden's Muslims. The content of the shows, however, focused on Jews, and the station was accused of being a vehicle for antisemitism. In 1989, "Rami was charged by the Swedish Chancellor of Justice with hate speech (hets mot folkgrupp)." The charge was based in particular on programs aired on Radio Islam but also on passages of his book Vad är Israel? ("What is Israel?"). Rami was sentenced to six months imprisonment in 1990, and Radio Islam's transmission permit was revoked for a year. The station resumed broadcasting in 1991 under the direction of David Janzon; however, in 1993, Janzon was convicted of the same crime. In March 1992, Robert Faurisson visited Sweden at the invitation of Rami and was interviewed in two Radio Islam broadcasts. Rami was a featured speaker at the annual conference of the Institute for Historical Review, a "revisionist" organisation, in 1992. Radio Islam was off the air from 1993 to 1995, but the program returned in 1996 under Rami's direction, the same year that he established the Radio Islam website.

In October 2000, Rami was again convicted and fined by a Swedish court. Rami has been investigated for hate crimes in France and Sweden for his role in maintaining the Radio Islam website. The latest investigation ended in 2004 when the Swedish prosecutor was unable to prove that Rami was responsible for the content. According to Rami a "group of youngsters" was in charge of the website. He did not provide any names. On 25 November 2006, Rami was a guest lecturer at a convention of the Swedish National Socialist Front and the group distributed his books on their website. Rami also distributed NSF's own pamphlets and books.

Bibliography
 Vad är Israel? ("What is Israel?") (1988) 
 Ett liv för frihet ("A life for freedom") (1989), autobiography 
 Israels makt i Sverige ("Israel's power in Sweden") (1989) 
 Judisk häxprocess i Sverige ("Jewish witch hunt in Sweden") (1990) 
 Tabubelagda tankar ("Tabooed thoughts") (2005)

References

External links
 Ahmed Rami´s personal homepage, and own publishing company Kultur Förlag
 Radio Islam´s website
 Radio Islam different website
 Holocaust Denial— Ahmed Rami, from Poisoning the Web: Hatred Online by the Anti-Defamation League

1946 births
Swedish Holocaust deniers
Living people
Berber writers
Moroccan emigrants to Sweden
People convicted of hate crimes
People from Tafraout
Moroccan Army officers
Moroccan exiles
Berber Moroccans
20th-century Moroccan people
21st-century Moroccan people
21st-century Moroccan writers
21st-century Swedish writers
National Union of Popular Forces politicians
Moroccan military officers
Swedish Muslims
Swedish people of Moroccan-Berber descent
Shilha people
Antisemitism in Sweden