Gregory Hemingway Middle years What happened in his middle years? In the course of his first four marriages, Gregory Hemingway had eight children: Do we know why he had so many marriages? Gregory's fourth marriage, to Ida Mae Galliher, ended in divorce in 1995 after three years, though they continued to live together and remarried in 1997. Why did they divorce? I don't know. Are there any other interesting aspects about this article? Brave What is brave? Maia Rodman, Hemingway's childhood tennis coach and a family friend who had fallen in love with him, dedicated her book The Life and Death of a Brave Bull to Gregory.
Did he have any other notable mentions?
Besides having eight children Did Hemingway have any other notable mentions?
In the course of his first four marriages, Gregory Hemingway had eight children: Patrick, Edward, Sean, Brendan, Vanessa, Maria, John, and Lorian. One of his marriages, to Valerie Danby-Smith, Ernest Hemingway's secretary, lasted almost 20 years. Gregory's fourth marriage, to Ida Mae Galliher, ended in divorce in 1995 after three years, though they continued to live together and remarried in 1997. In 1972, Maia Rodman, Hemingway's childhood tennis coach and a family friend who had fallen in love with him, dedicated her book The Life and Death of a Brave Bull to Gregory. He practiced medicine in the 1970s and 1980s, first in New York and then as a rural family doctor in Montana, first in Fort Benton and later as the medical officer for Garfield County, based in Jordan, Montana. Interviewed there, he said: "When I smell the sagebrush or see the mountains, or a vast clean stream, I love those things. Some of my happiest memories of childhood were associated with the West." In 1988, authorities in Montana declined to renew Hemingway's medical license because of his alcoholism. Hemingway battled bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and drug abuse for many years. Hemingway and his brothers tried to protect their father's name and their inheritance by taking legal action to stop the popular local celebrations called "Hemingway Days" in Key West, Florida. In 1999, they collaborated in creating a business venture, Hemingway Ltd., to market the family name as "an up-scale lifestyle accessory brand". Their first venture created controversy by putting the Hemingway name on a line of shotguns. CANNOTANSWER
Hemingway and his brothers tried to protect their father's name and their inheritance by taking legal action to stop the popular local celebrations called "Hemingway Days"
The Perrakee are assumed to have been an indigenous Australian tribe, now extinct.

People
The name Perrakee is mentioned only once in the ethnographic literature, by R. H. Mathews, writing in 1900, where he mentions this ethnonym, along with those of several other "large and important tribes" such as the Mariu, in the area straddling the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Norman Tindale, in his comprehensive list of Australian aboriginal tribes, could not identify the group, nor attribute to them any definite geographical location.

Notes

Citations

Sources

Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory Dagán was an Irish bishop in Anglo-Saxon England during the early part of the 7th century.

Dagán is known from a letter written by Archbishop Laurence of Canterbury to the Irish bishops and abbots, in which Laurence attempted to persuade the Irish clergy to accept the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter. Dagán is mentioned in the letter as having recently arrived in Kent. Laurence mentions that Dagán had refused to either share a roof with the Roman missionaries or to eat with them. The full mention of Dagán is "But we have learned from bishop Dagán who came to the above-mentioned island [Britannia] and from abbot Columbanus in Gaul, that they [the Irish clergy] do not differ from the Britons in their way of life. For when Bishop Dagan came to us he refused to take food, not only with us but even in the very house where we took meals." The letter is preserved in Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, but as it is recorded there it lacks any closing formulas, so dating it is difficult. Although a date of shortly after 610 has been put forward by Paul Grossjean, the letter could have been written at any time between around 605, when Laurence became archbishop and around 616, when King Æthelberht of Kent died and a pagan reaction against the missionaries set in.

The letter provides no sure dating for when the missionaries met with Dagán, as it does not specify that the meeting took place during Laurence's tenure of Canterbury, merely that it had occurred prior to the letter being sent. This gives a possibility of between the missionaries arrival and Laurence's death. The Gregorian mission arrived in Kent in 597, and it known that Augustine of Canterbury, the leader of the mission, met native Celtic Church bishops at least once, although the meeting did not go well.

Besides the letter, which is the only contemporary record of Dagán, there are mentions of him in Irish annals and in an episcopal list preserved in the Book of Leinster, but none of these other mentions are contemporary to Dagan's lifetime. Nor is there a hagiography on his life. He should not be confused with Daig, the patron saint of Inis Cain, who died around 587. Occasionally Dagán has been claimed as a monk of Bangor, but this appears to stem from confusion with Daig mac Cairill, who was a monk there. The other mentions of Dagán give him a death date of around 640. Later scholars, including John Bale, attributed a letter entitled ad Brytannorum ecclesias, but this is mistaken. Further late records have Dagán moving to Scotland, where he settled at Whithorn and became "ruling cleric" there.

The Stowe Missal as well as the Martyrology of Tallaght, both of which were composed about 830, show that Dagán was revered as a saint at that point. The Martyrology of Tallaght gives a feast date of 12 March for him, and states that the date is his death date. Other maryrologies give a feast date of 13 September, which may mean that there were two different Dagán's who early writers confused.

The historian Roy Flechner has pointed out that it was possible that Dagán's refusal to share a meal or a roof with the Gregorian missionaries was a form of excommunication that is described in some Irish legal books.

Some historians have identified this Bishop Dagán with Dagán of Inber Doile, who died around 640, and was either a bishop or priest at Inber Doile. Objections to this identification include the fact that to have been consecrated a bishop at the canonically minimum age of 30, he would have been quite old at his death in 640 or so. Another objection is that many of the documents mentioning Dagán of Inber Doile do not style him a bishop, although a few do. Definitive proof of whether or not the Dagán the bishop of Laurence's letter is the same as Dagán of Inber Doile is lacking.

Flechner has also pointed out that a letter of Columbanus mentions Dagon, the Philistine fertility god. However, according to Flechner, Columbanus was fond of puns dealing with proper names and may have also intended the reference to Dagon to also refer to Dagán, the Irish bishop mentioned by Laurence.

Citations

References

 
 
 
 

7th-century Irish bishops
Irish expatriates in England Sight & Sound is a British monthly film magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI). It conducts the well known once-a-decade Sight & Sound Poll of the Greatest Films of All Time, ongoing since 1952.

History and content

Sight & Sound was first published in 1932 and in 1934 management of the magazine was handed to the nascent British Film Institute (BFI), which still publishes the magazine today. Sight & Sound was published quarterly for most of its history until the early 1990s, apart from a brief run as a monthly publication in the early 1950s, but in 1991 it merged with another BFI publication, the Monthly Film Bulletin, and started to appear monthly. The journal was edited by Gavin Lambert from 1949 to 1955, and from 1956 to 1990 by Penelope Houston. The relaunch editor was Philip Dodd. It is currently edited by Mike Williams. The magazine reviews all film releases each month, including those with a limited (art house) release, as opposed to most film magazines which concentrate on those films with a general release. Sight & Sound features a full cast and crew credit list for each reviewed film, as well as the entire plot of said film.

The Sight & Sound Poll of the Greatest Films of All Time
Every decade, Sight & Sound asks an international group of film professionals to vote for their ten greatest films of all time. Until 1992, the votes of the invited critics and directors were compiled to make one list. However, since 1992, directors have been invited to participate in a separate poll.

The individual results are eclectic; in the 2012 poll, 2,045 different films received at least one mention from one of the 846 critics. Even the top-of-the-list consensus has its limits.

The Sight & Sound accolade has come to be regarded as one of the most important of the "greatest ever film" polls. The critic Roger Ebert described it as "by far the most respected of the countless polls of great movies—the only one most serious movie people take seriously." The first poll, in 1952, was topped by Bicycle Thieves. The five subsequent polls (1962–2002) were won by Citizen Kane (which finished 13th in 1952), while Vertigo received the most votes in 2012. Only La Règle du Jeu (The Rules of the Game) has appeared in all seven of the magazine's decennial polls. Among the directors that participated in 2012 are Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, Ken Loach and Francis Ford Coppola.

Sight & Sound has in the past been the subject of criticism, notably from Raymond Durgnat, who often accused it of elitism, puritanism and snobbery, although he did write for it in the 1950s, and again in the 1990s. The magazine's American counterpart is Film Comment, a magazine published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center in New York City.

Critics' Top Ten Poll

1952
Bicycle Thieves (25 mentions)
City Lights (19 mentions)
The Gold Rush (19 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (16 mentions)
Intolerance (12 mentions)
Louisiana Story (12 mentions)
Greed (11 mentions)
Le Jour Se Lève (11 mentions)
The Passion of Joan of Arc (11 mentions)
Brief Encounter (10 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (10 mentions)
Le Million (10 mentions)

Closest runners-up: Citizen Kane, La Grande Illusion, and The Grapes of Wrath. (9 mentions apiece)

1962

Citizen Kane (22 mentions)
L'Avventura (20 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (19 mentions)
Greed (17 mentions)
Ugetsu (17 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (16 mentions)
Bicycle Thieves (16 mentions)
Ivan the Terrible (16 mentions)
La Terra Trema (14 mentions)
L'Atalante (13 mentions)

Closest runners-up: Hiroshima mon amour, Pather Panchali and Zero for Conduct. (11 mentions apiece)

1972
Citizen Kane (32 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (28 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (16 mentions)
8½ (15 mentions)
L'Avventura (12 mentions)
Persona (12 mentions)
The Passion of Joan of Arc (11 mentions)
The General (10 mentions)
The Magnificent Ambersons (10 mentions)
Ugetsu (9 mentions)
Wild Strawberries (9 mentions)

Closest runners-up: The Gold Rush, Hiroshima mon amour, Ikiru, Ivan the Terrible, Pierrot le Fou, and Vertigo. (8 mentions apiece)

1982
Citizen Kane (45 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (31 mentions)
Seven Samurai (15 mentions)
Singin' in the Rain (15 mentions)
8½ (14 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (13 mentions)
L'Avventura (12 mentions)
The Magnificent Ambersons (12 mentions)
Vertigo (12 mentions)
The General (11 mentions)
The Searchers (11 mentions)

Closest runners-up: 2001: A Space Odyssey and Andrei Rublev. (10 mentions apiece)

1992
Citizen Kane (43 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (32 mentions)
Tokyo Story (22 mentions)
Vertigo (18 mentions)
The Searchers (17 mentions)
L'Atalante (15 mentions)
The Passion of Joan of Arc (15 mentions)
Pather Panchali (15 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (15 mentions)
2001: A Space Odyssey (14 mentions)

Closest runners-up: Bicycle Thieves and Singin' in the Rain. (10 mentions apiece)

2002
Citizen Kane (46 mentions)
Vertigo (41 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (30 mentions)
The Godfather and The Godfather Part II (23 mentions)
Tokyo Story (22 mentions)
2001: A Space Odyssey (21 mentions)
Battleship Potemkin (19 mentions)
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (19 mentions)
8½ (18 mentions)
Singin' in the Rain (17 mentions)

Closest runners-up: Seven Samurai and The Searchers. (15 mentions apiece)

2012
 

A new rule was imposed for this ballot: related films that are considered part of a larger whole (e.g. The Godfather and The Godfather Part II, Krzysztof Kieślowski's Three Colors trilogy and Dekalog, or Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy) were to be treated as separate films for voting purposes.

For the 2012 poll, Sight & Sound also listened to decades of criticism about the lack of diversity of its poll participants and made a huge effort to invite a much wider variety of critics and filmmakers from around the world to participate, taking into account gender, ethnicity, race, geographical region, socioeconomic status, and other kinds of underrepresentation.

 Vertigo (191 mentions) 
 Citizen Kane (157 mentions)
 Tokyo Story (107 mentions)
 The Rules of the Game (100 mentions)
 Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (93 mentions) 
 2001: A Space Odyssey (90 mentions)
 The Searchers (78 mentions)
 Man with a Movie Camera (68 mentions)
 The Passion of Joan of Arc (65 mentions)
 8½ (64 mentions)
Closest runner-up: Battleship Potemkin. (63 mentions)

Directors' Top Ten Poll

1992
Citizen Kane
8½
Raging Bull
La Strada
L'Atalante
The Godfather
Modern Times
Vertigo
The Godfather Part II
The Passion of Joan of Arc
Rashomon
Seven Samurai

2002
Citizen Kane (42 mentions)
The Godfather and The Godfather Part II (28 mentions)
8½ (19 mentions)
Lawrence of Arabia (16 mentions)
Dr. Strangelove (14 mentions)
Bicycle Thieves (13 mentions)
Raging Bull (13 mentions)
Vertigo (13 mentions)
Rashomon (12 mentions)
The Rules of the Game (12 mentions)
Seven Samurai (12 mentions)

2012

Tokyo Story (48 mentions)
2001: A Space Odyssey (42 mentions)
Citizen Kane (42 mentions)
8½ (40 mentions)
Taxi Driver (34 mentions)
Apocalypse Now (33 mentions)
The Godfather (31 mentions)
Vertigo (31 mentions)
Mirror (30 mentions)
Bicycle Thieves (29 mentions)

The Greatest Directors of All Time

This list was put together by assembling the directors of the individual films that the critics and the directors polled voted for. 2002 was the only year Sight & Sound compiled the list.

Critics' Top Ten Poll

2002
Orson Welles
Alfred Hitchcock
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean Renoir
Stanley Kubrick
Akira Kurosawa
Federico Fellini
John Ford
Sergei Eisenstein
Francis Ford Coppola
Yasujiro Ozu

Directors' Top Ten Poll

2002
Orson Welles
Federico Fellini
Akira Kurosawa
Francis Ford Coppola
Alfred Hitchcock
Stanley Kubrick
Billy Wilder
Ingmar Bergman
David Lean
Jean Renoir
Martin Scorsese

Greatest Documentaries of All Time

2014
Man with a Movie Camera (100 votes)
Shoah (68 votes)
Sans Soleil (62 votes)
Night and Fog (56 votes)
The Thin Blue Line (49 votes)
Chronique d'un été (32 votes)
Nanook of the North (31 votes)
The Gleaners and I (27 votes)
Dont Look Back (25 votes)
Grey Gardens (25 mentions)

See also
 Cahiers du Cinémas Annual Top Ten Films
 Empire magazine
 List of film periodicals
 List of films considered the best

References

Further reading
Pam Cook and Philip Dodd (eds): Women and Film. A Sight and Sound Reader, London: Scarlet Press, 1994, 287 pp.
Jacqueline Louviot: Le regard de Sight and Sound sur le cinéma britannique des années 50 et 60 (What Sight and Sound Saw: Sight and Sound on British Cinema during the Fifties and Sixties), French doctoral thesis, University of Strasbourg II, 1997, 980 pp.
David Wilson (ed): Sight and Sound. A Fiftieth Anniversary Selection, London: Faber and Faber in association with BFI Publishing, 1982, 327 pp.

External links
Sight & Sound official website
"Listomania! Why we love best-films lists | Ahead of our Greatest Film of All Time poll, Michael Atkinson anatomises critics’ obsession with enshrining cinema's 'top ten'". BFI, 17 July 2012.
Sight & Sound September 2012, featuring "The Greatest Films of All Time".
Archived Sight & Sound magazines on the Internet Archive

1932 establishments in the United Kingdom
British Film Institute
Film magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1932
Magazines published in London
Top film lists