Mae Jemison Science and technology What types of science and technology did Mae use? 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and has been working to develop a portable device that allows mobile monitoring of the involuntary nervous system. Has the device been commercially implemented yet? BioSentient has obtained the license to commercialize NASA's space-age technology known as Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise ( Has BioSentient worked to develop any other types of technology? BioSentient is examining AFTE as a treatment for anxiety, nausea, migraine and tension headaches, chronic pain, hypertension and hypotension, and stress-related disorders." Has the company released anything recently? I don't know. Who else did Jemison work with at the company? I don't know. What types of things did the Center for Excellence get involved with? The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship. Did Jemison do work with any other science and technology organizations? She has been a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the What other organizations has she been a member of? the Association for Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Was she the leader of any of these, or just a member?
Was Jemison the leader of any of the Association for Space Explorers or the American Association for the Advancement of Science, or just a member?
Jemison is a Professor-at-Large at Cornell University and was a professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002. Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science. She sees science and technology as being very much a part of society, and African-Americans as having been deeply involved in U.S. science and technology from the beginning. She has been a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the Association for Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Additionally, she served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992. In 1993 Jemison founded her own company, the Jemison Group that researches, markets, and develops science and technology for daily life. Jemison founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother. "My parents were the best scientists I knew," Jemison said, "because they were always asking questions." One of the projects of Jemison's foundation is The Earth We Share (TEWS), an international science camp where students, ages 12 to 16, work to solve current global problems, like "How Many People Can the Earth Hold" and "Predict the Hot Public Stocks of The Year 2030." The four-week residential program helps students build critical thinking and problem solving skills through an experiential curriculum. Camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines, Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites around the United States. TEWS was introduced internationally to high school students in day programs in South Africa and Tunisia. In 1999, TEWS was expanded overseas to adults at the Zermatt Creativity and Leadership Symposium held in Switzerland. In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and has been working to develop a portable device that allows mobile monitoring of the involuntary nervous system. BioSentient has obtained the license to commercialize NASA's space-age technology known as Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a patented technique that uses biofeedback and autogenic therapy to allow patients to monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for anxiety and stress-related disorders. BioSentient is examining AFTE as a treatment for anxiety, nausea, migraine and tension headaches, chronic pain, hypertension and hypotension, and stress-related disorders." In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship. CANNOTANSWER
she served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992.
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission, during which she orbited the Earth for nearly eight days on September 12–20, 1992.

Born in Alabama and raised in Chicago, Jemison graduated from Stanford University with degrees in chemical engineering as well as African and African-American studies. She then earned her medical degree from Cornell University. Jemison was a doctor for the Peace Corps in Liberia and Sierra Leone from 1983 until 1985 and worked as a general practitioner.  In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA.

Jemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the 100 Year Starship project funded by DARPA. Jemison also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She holds several honorary doctorates and has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.

Early life and education
Mae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, on October 17, 1956, the youngest of three children of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Jemison (). Her father was a maintenance supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school teacher of English and math at the Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois. The family first lived in Woodlawn and later the Morgan Park neighborhoods. Jemison knew from a young age that she wanted to study science and someday go into space. The television show Star Trek and, in particular, African-American actress Nichelle Nichols' portrayal of Lieutenant Uhura further stoked her interest in space.

Jemison enjoyed studying nature and human physiology, using her observations to learn more about science. Although her mother encouraged her curiosity and both her parents were supportive of her interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers. When Jemison told a kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she wanted to be a nurse. Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the Apollo missions also frustrated Jemison. She later recalled, "everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being  irritated that there were no women astronauts."

Jemison began studying ballet at the age of 8 or 9 and entered high school at 12 years old, where she joined the cheerleading team and the Modern Dance Club. Jemison had a great love for dance from a young age. She learned several styles of dance, including African and Japanese, as well as ballet, jazz, and modern dance. As a child, Jemison had aspirations of becoming a professional dancer. At the age of 14, she auditioned for the leading role of Maria in West Side Story. She did not get the leading role but was selected as a background dancer.

After graduating from Chicago's Morgan Park High School in 1973, Jemison entered Stanford University at the age of 16. Although she was young to be leaving home for college, Jemison later said it did not faze her because she was "naive and stubborn enough". There were very few other African-American students in Jemison's classes and she continued to experience discrimination from her teachers. In an interview with The Des Moines Register in 2008, Jemison said that it was difficult to go to Stanford at 16 but that her youthful arrogance may have helped her; she asserted that some arrogance is necessary for women and minorities to be successful in a white male dominated society.

At Stanford, Jemison served as head of the Black Students Union. She also choreographed a musical and dance production called Out of the Shadows. During her senior year in college, she struggled with the choice between going to medical school or pursuing a career as a professional dancer after graduation; she graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a B.S. degree in chemical engineering. and B.A. degree in African and African-American studies.  While at Stanford, she also pursued studies related to her childhood interest in space and first considered applying to NASA.

Medical career 
Jemison attended Cornell Medical School and during her training, traveled to Cuba, to conduct a study funded by American Medical Student Association and to Thailand, where she worked at a Cambodian refugee camp. She also worked for Flying Doctors stationed in East Africa. During her years at Cornell, Jemison continued to study dance by enrolling in classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After graduating with an M.D. degree in 1981, she interned at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center in 1982, and worked as a general practitioner for Ross–Loos Medical Group.

Jemison joined the staff of the Peace Corps in 1983 and served as a medical officer until 1985. She was responsible for the health of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Jemison supervised the Peace Corps' pharmacy, laboratory, medical staff as well as providing medical care, writing self-care manuals, and developing and implementing guidelines for health and safety issues. She also worked with the Centers for Disease Control helping with research for various vaccines.

NASA career 

Upon returning to the United States after serving in the Peace Corps, Jemison settled in Los Angeles, California. In Los Angeles, she entered into private practice and took graduate level engineering courses. The flights of Sally Ride and Guion Bluford in 1983 inspired Jemison to apply to the astronaut program. Jemison first applied to NASA's astronaut training program in October 1985, but NASA postponed selection of new candidates after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Jemison reapplied in 1987 and was chosen out of roughly 2,000 applicants to be one of the fifteen people in the NASA Astronaut Group 12, the first group selected following the destruction of Challenger. The Associated Press covered her as the "first black woman astronaut" in 1987. CBS featured Jemison as one of the country's "most eligible singles" on Best Catches, a television special hosted by Phylicia Rashad and Robb Weller in 1989.

Jemison's work with NASA before her shuttle launch included launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and verification of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). On September 28, 1989, she was selected to join the STS-47 crew as Mission Specialist 4 and was also designated Science Mission Specialist, a new astronaut role being tested by NASA to focus on scientific experiments.

STS-47 

Jemison flew her only space mission from September 12 to 20, 1992, on STS-47, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, as well as the 50th shuttle mission. Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space and orbited the earth 127 times. The crew was split into two shifts with Jemison assigned to the Blue Shift. Throughout the eight day mission, she began communications on her shift with the salute "Hailing frequencies open", a quote from Star Trek. Jemison took a poster from the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater along with her on the flight. She also took a West African statuette and a photo of pioneering aviator Bessie Coleman, the first African American with an international pilot license.

STS-47 carried the Spacelab Japan module, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan that included 43 Japanese and United States life science and materials processing experiments. Jemison and Japanese astronaut Mamoru Mohri were trained to use the Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a technique developed by Patricia S. Cowings that uses biofeedback and autogenic training to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for motion sickness, anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Aboard the Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce water for injection, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She then used IV bags and a mixing method, developed by Baxter Healthcare, to use the water from the previous step to produce saline solution in space. Jemison was also a co-investigator of two bone cell research experiments. Another experiment she participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the eggs and then see how tadpoles developed in zero gravity.

Resignation from NASA 
After her return to Earth, Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993 with the intention of starting her own company. NASA training manager and author Homer Hickam, who had trained Jemison for her flight, later expressed some regret that she had departed.

Post-NASA career 

Jemison served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, she founded The Jemison Group Inc., a consulting firm which considers the sociocultural impact of technological advancements and design. Jemison also founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother. One of the projects of the foundation is The Earth We Share, a science camp for students aged 12 to 16. Founded in 1994, camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines, Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites in the United States, as well as internationally in South Africa, Tunisia, and Switzerland. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation also sponsors other events and programs, including the Shaping the World essay competition, Listening to the Future (a survey program that targets obtaining opinions from students), Earth Online (an online chatroom that allows students to safely communicate and discuss ideas on space and science), and the Reality Leads Fantasy Gala.

Jemison was a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002 where she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries. In 1999, she also became an Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science. She is a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the Association of Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and obtained the license to commercialize AFTE, the technique she and Mohri tested on themselves during STS-47.

In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.

In 2018, she collaborated with Bayer Crop Science and National 4-H Council for the initiative named Science Matters which was aimed at encouraging young children to understand and pursue agricultural sciences.

Books 
Jemison's first book, Find Where the Wind Goes (2001), is a memoir of her life written for children. She describes her childhood, her time at Stanford, in the Peace Corps and as an astronaut. School Library Journal found the stories about her earlier life to be the most appealing. Book Report found that the autobiography gave a realistic view into her interactions with her professors, whose treatment of was not based on her intelligence but on stereotypes of woman of color.

Her A True Book series of four children's books published in 2013 is co-authored with Dana Meachen Rau. Each book in the series has a "Find the Truth" challenge, true or false questions answers to which are revealed at the end of the story. School Library Journal found the series to be "properly tantalizing surveys" of the Solar System but criticized the inclusion of a few outdated theories in physics and astronomy.

Public profile 

LeVar Burton learned that Jemison was an avid Star Trek fan and asked her if she would be interested in being on the show. In 1993, Jemison appeared as Lieutenant Palmer in "Second Chances", an episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, becoming the first real-life astronaut to appear on Star Trek.

From 1999 to 2005, Jemison was appointed an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.

Jemison is an active public speaker who appears before private and public groups promoting science and technology. "Having been an astronaut gives me a platform," says Jemison, "but I'd blow it if I just talked about the Shuttle." Jemison uses her platform to speak out on the gap in the quality of health-care between the United States and the Third World, saying that "Martin Luther King [Jr.]... didn't just have a dream, he got things done." Jemison has also appeared as host and technical consultant of the science series World of Wonder which aired on the Discovery Channel from 1994 to 1998.

In 2006, Jemison participated in African American Lives, a PBS television miniseries hosted by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., that traces the family history of eight famous African Americans using historical research and genetic techniques. Jemison found to her surprise that she is 13% East Asian in her genetic makeup. She also learned that some of her paternal ancestors were slaves at a plantation in Talladega County, Alabama.

Jemison participated in the Red Dress Heart Truth fashion show, wearing Lyn Devon, during the 2007 New York Fashion Week to help raise money to fight heart disease. In May of the same year, she was the graduation commencement speaker and only the 11th person in the 52-year history of Harvey Mudd College to be awarded an honorary D.Eng. degree.

On February 17, 2008, Jemison was the featured speaker for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first sorority established by African-American college women. Jemison paid tribute to Alpha Kappa Alpha by carrying the sorority's banner with her on her shuttle flight. Her space suit is a part of the sorority's national traveling Centennial Exhibit. Jemison is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.

Jemison participated with First Lady Michelle Obama in a forum for promising girls in the Washington, D.C. public schools in March 2009.

In 2014, Jemison also appeared at Wayne State University for their annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Tribute Luncheon. In 2016, she partnered with Bayer Corporation to promote and advance science literacy in schools, emphasizing hands-on experimentation.

She took part in the Michigan State University's lecture series, "Slavery to Freedom: An American Odyssey," in February 2017. In May 2017, Jemison gave the commencement speech at Rice University. She discussed the 100 Year Plan, science and education and other topics at Western Michigan University also in May 2017.

In 2017, LEGO released the "Women of NASA" set, with minifigures of Jemison, Margaret Hamilton, Sally Ride, and Nancy Grace Roman. The Google Doodle on March 8, 2019 (International Women's Day) featured a quote from Jemison: "Never be limited by other people's limited imaginations."

Personal life 
Jemison built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern jazz and African dance.

In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest. She was pulled over by Nassau Bay police officer Henry Hughes for allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison for a speeding ticket. In the process of arresting her, the officer twisted her wrist and forced her to the ground, as well as having her walk barefooted from the patrol car into the police station. In her complaint, Jemison said the officer physically and emotionally mistreated her. Jemison's attorney said she believed she had already paid the speeding ticket years ago. She spent several hours in jail and was treated at an area hospital after release for deep bruises and a head injury. The Nassau Bay officer was suspended with pay pending an investigation, but the police investigation cleared him of wrongdoing. She filed a lawsuit against the city of Nassau Bay and the officer.

Honors and awards 

 1988 Essence Science and Technology Award
 1990 Gamma Sigma Sigma Woman of the Year
 1991 McCall's 10 Outstanding Women for the 90s
 1992 Johnson Publications Black Achievement Trailblazers Award
 1992 Ebony Black Achievement Award
 1993 National Women's Hall of Fame
 1993 Ebony magazine 50 Most Influential women
 1993 Kilby Science Award
 1993 Montgomery Fellow, Dartmouth College
 1993 People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World"
 1993 Turner Trumpet Award
 2002 listed among the 100 Greatest African Americans according to Molefi Kete Asante
 2002 Texas Women's Hall of Fame inductee
 2003 Intrepid Award by the National Organization for Girls
 2004 International Space Hall of Fame
 2005 The National Audubon Society, Rachel Carson Award
 2017 Buzz Aldrin Space Pioneer Award
 2019 Florida Southern College Honorary Chancellor
 2021 Sylvanus Thayer Award from the United States Military Academy

Institutions 
 1992 Mae C. Jemison Science and Space Museum, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago, Illinois
 1992 Mae C. Jemison Academy, an alternative public school in Detroit, Michigan
 2001 Mae Jemison School, an elementary public school in Hazel Crest, Illinois
 2007 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy, a public charter school in Baltimore, Maryland (closed in 2013)
 2010 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore, Maryland
 2013 Jemison High School, Huntsville, Alabama

Honorary doctorates 
 1991 Doctor of Letters, Winston-Salem College, North Carolina
 1991 Doctor of Science, Lincoln College, Pennsylvania
 2000 Doctor of Humanities, Princeton University
 2005 Doctor of Science, Wilson College, North Carolina
 2006 Doctor of Science, Dartmouth College
 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Harvey Mudd College
 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 2008 Doctor of Humanities, DePaul University
 2009 Doctor of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of NYU
 2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, Florida Southern College

Filmography 
 Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993) – Lieutenant Palmer, episode "Second Chances"
 Susan B. Anthony Slept Here (1995) – herself
 Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond (1996) – herself
 The New Explorers (1998) – episode "Endeavor"
 How William Shatner Changed the World (2005) – herself
 African American Lives (2006) – herself
 No Gravity (2011) – herself
 The Real (2016) – herself

Publications 
 
 
 She contributed the piece "Outer Space: The Worldly Frontier" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.

See also 
 List of African-American astronauts

References

Further reading 
 Blue, Rose J. Mae Jemison: Out of this World, Millbrook Press, 2003 – 
 Burby, Liza N. Mae Jemison: The First African American Woman Astronaut, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1997 – 
 Canizares, Susan. Voyage of Mae Jemison, Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999 – 
 Ceaser, Ebraska D. Mae C. Jemison: 1st Black Female Astronaut, New Day Press, 1992.
 Polette, Nancy. Mae Jemison, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2003 – 
 Sakurai, Gail. Mae Jemison: Space Scientist, Scholastic Library Publishing, 1996 – 
 Yannuzzi, Della A. Mae Jemison: A Space Biography, Enslow Publishers, 1998 –

External links 

 Biography at NASA
 
 
 
 Mae Jemison  – Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
 "Stories of Atlanta – Boldly Going ... And Taking Stuff"

1956 births
African-American women aviators
African-American aviators
African-American physicians
African-American scientists
American bioengineers
American primary care physicians
American women physicians
Engineers from Illinois
Living people
NASA civilian astronauts
Peace Corps volunteers
People from Chicago
People from Decatur, Alabama
People from Houston
Physician astronauts
Physicians from Alabama
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
Women astronauts
Writers from Alabama
African-American women physicians
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
Maurene Horder  (born 1950) is a former Australian politician. She is notable for having been the first woman to be the parliamentary leader of the Australian Labor Party in any state or territory of Australia, and also for having been the first parliamentarian in the Australian Capital Territory to give birth whilst a member. Since leaving politics in 1985, she has been a senior executive.

Early life
Horder was born in Sydney in 1950, to Mervyn Horder and his wife Mary (née Brown). She moved to Canberra in 1972.

Before entering politics, Horder was a teacher, and then a public servant with the Department of Education.

Political career
Horder was elected to the ACT House of Assembly in 1979, for the Division of Canberra.

Peter Vallee was Labor leader from 1977 to 1982. He resigned, in order to allow a woman to lead Labor into the 1982 election. Robyn Walmsley was then the acting leader, but, as it turned out, a woman was not elected leader. The new leader was Ken Doyle, but he resigned after a year, in 1983, and Horder was elected leader in his place. Horder thereby became the first woman to lead a parliamentary Labor Party in any of the Australian states or territories, albeit in a parliament that only had an advisory role.

Horder was Junior Vice-President of the ACT Branch of the ALP in 1978 and President in 1982. 

Horder resigned as both leader of the Labor Party and as a member of the House of Assembly in 1985. She was replaced as a MHA by Kevin Gill and as Labor leader by Paul Whalan.

In 1984 she unsuccessfully sought Labor pre-selection for the Federal Division of Fowler, losing out to Ted Grace.

Career after politics
The day after Horder announced her resignation as leader and from the House of Assembly, she was appointed as a ministerial consultant by Chris Hurford, the Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs.

She was NSW State Manager of the Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association from 1990 to 1998, then Chief Executive of the National Marine Safety Committee’s Secretariat from 1999 to 2008, and Chief Executive of the Migration Institute of Australia from 2008 to 2013.  She was then NSW Executive Officer of the Planning Institute of Australia. She was a Motorists' Action Group endorsed candidate for elections to the board of the NRMA in 2008.

Horder is Vice-Chairperson of Sunnyhaven Disability Services and part-time Chair and Managing Director of the National Standards Development Organisation. She is a board member of Clean Up Australia. She has been a board member of the Alzheimer Association, Karabi Community and Development Services, Fairfield Resources Centre and Cabramatta Community Service.

Personal life
Horder married Dr Graham Harrison. When she had her first child, Adrian, in 1980, she was the first member of the ACT House of Assembly or any of its predecessor bodies to give birth whilst a member. She was still a MHA when she had her second child, Virginia, in 1982.

See also
List of the first women holders of political offices in Oceania

References

Members of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly
1950 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly
Australian Labor Party politicians
Australian Capital Territory politicians
20th-century Australian politicians Janet Semple is a retired South African politician who served as a Member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature for the Democratic Alliance (DA) from 2010 to 2019. She was the Provincial Leader of the DA from 2010 to 2012.

Political career

Semple started her political career by serving as both the mayor and deputy mayor of Bedfordview. She was a member of the Women's National Coalition. She soon became an MP in 1999 and served as one until 2009. She was also Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance's Women Network from 2005 to 2009 and the DA's political head in Benoni.

Semple  was elected the Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance in April 2010 after she defeated incumbent John Moodey by just 8 votes. She was soon deployed to the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in October 2010. She became the party's provincial spokesperson on Housing and the party's head in Boksburg.

Semple announced her retirement as the provincial leader in January 2012. Her predecessor, John Moodey, was elected as her successor at the party's March 2012 conference.

She left the Gauteng Provincial Legislature in May 2019.

References

External links

Living people
People from Germiston
Members of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
21st-century South African politicians
20th-century South African politicians
White South African people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century South African women politicians