Sally Ride After NASA When did Ride leave NASA? In 1987, Ride left her position in Washington, D.C., to work at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control. What did she do at the Stanford Center? International Security and Arms Control.
How long was she there?
How long was Sally Ride in the Stanford Center for International Security and Arms Control?
In 1987, Ride left her position in Washington, D.C., to work at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control. In 1989, she became a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, and director of the California Space Institute. From the mid-1990s until her death, Ride led two public-outreach programs for NASA--the ISS EarthKAM and GRAIL MoonKAM projects, in cooperation with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and UCSD. The programs allowed middle school students to request images of the Earth and moon. In 1999, she acted in the season 5 finale of Touched by an Angel, titled "Godspeed". In 2003, she was asked to serve on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. She was the president and CEO of Sally Ride Science, a company she co-founded in 2001 that creates entertaining science programs and publications for upper elementary and middle school students, with a particular focus on girls. According to Roger Boisjoly, the engineer who warned of the technical problems that led to the Challenger disaster, after the entire workforce of Morton-Thiokol shunned him Ride was the only public figure to show support for him when he went public with his pre-disaster warnings. Sally Ride hugged him publicly to show her support for his efforts. Ride wrote or co-wrote seven books on space aimed at children, with the goal of encouraging children to study science. Ride endorsed Barack Obama for U.S. President in 2008. She was a member of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, an independent review requested by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on May 7, 2009. CANNOTANSWER
From the mid-1990s until her death,
Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and physicist. Born in Los Angeles, she joined NASA in 1978, and in 1983 became the first American woman in space. She was the third woman in space overall, after USSR cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova (1963) and Svetlana Savitskaya (1982). Ride remained the youngest American astronaut to have traveled to space, having done so at the age of 32, until 2021 when Hayley Arceneaux flew on SpaceX's Inspiration4 mission at the age of 29. After flying twice on the Orbiter Challenger, she left NASA in 1987.

Ride worked for two years at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control, then at the University of California, San Diego, primarily researching nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering. She served on the committees that investigated the Challenger and Columbia Space Shuttle disasters, the only person to participate in both. Having been married to astronaut Steven Hawley during her spaceflight years and in a private, long-term relationship with former Women's Tennis Association player Tam O'Shaughnessy in her years after, she is the earliest space traveler to have been recognized as LGBT. Ride died of pancreatic cancer on July 23, 2012.

Early life
The elder child of Dale Burdell Ride and Carol Joyce Ride (née Anderson), Ride was born in the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. She had one sibling, Karen "Bear" Ride, who is a Presbyterian minister. Both parents were elders in the Presbyterian Church. Ride's mother, who was of Norwegian descent, had worked as a volunteer counselor at a women's correctional facility. Her father had been a political science professor at Santa Monica College.

Ride attended Portola Junior High (now Portola Middle School) and then Birmingham High School before graduating from the private Westlake School for Girls in Los Angeles on a scholarship. In addition to being interested in science, she was a nationally ranked tennis player, and took a break from college to pursue a professional tennis career. Ride attended Swarthmore College for three semesters, took physics courses at University of California, Los Angeles, and then entered Stanford University as a junior, graduating with a bachelor's degree in English and physics. At Stanford, she earned a master's degree in 1975 and a PhD in physics in 1978 while doing research on the interaction of X-rays with the interstellar medium. Astrophysics and free electron lasers were her specific areas of study.

NASA career

Selection

Ride was selected to be an astronaut as part of NASA Astronaut Group 8, in 1978, the first class to select women. She applied after seeing an advertisement in the Stanford student newspaper, and was one of only 35 people selected out of the 8000 applications. After graduating training in 1979, becoming eligible to work as a mission specialist she served as the ground-based capsule communicator (CapCom) for the second and third Space Shuttle flights, and helped develop the Space Shuttle's "Canadarm" robot arm.

Prior to her first space flight, Ride was subject to media attention due to her gender. During a press conference, she was asked questions such as, "Will the flight affect your reproductive organs?" and "Do you weep when things go wrong on the job?" Despite this and the historical significance of the mission, Ride insisted that she saw herself in only one way—as an astronaut.

STS-7

On June 18, 1983, Ride became the first American woman in space as a crew member on Space Shuttle Challenger for STS-7. Many of the people attending the launch wore T-shirts bearing the words "Ride, Sally Ride", lyrics from Wilson Pickett's song "Mustang Sally". The purpose of the mission was to deploy two communications satellites and the first Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-1), conduct experiments within the cargo bay, and test the TDRS satellite. SPAS-1 was successfully deployed, underwent experiments, then recollected and brought back to Earth.

Part of Ride's job was to operate the robotics arm to deploy and retrieve SPAS-1.

STS-41-G

Ride's second space flight was STS-41-G in 1984, also on board Challenger. She spent a total of more than 343 hours in space.

Cancelled Shuttle mission
Ride had completed eight months of training for her third flight (STS-61-M, a TDRS deployment mission) when the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred.

Rogers Commission
Ride was named to the Rogers Commission (the presidential commission investigating the Challenger disaster) and headed its subcommittee on operations. She was the only person to serve on both of the panels investigating Shuttle accidents (those for the Challenger accident and later the Columbia disaster). Following the Challenger investigation, Ride was assigned to NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C., where she led NASA's first strategic planning effort, authored a report titled "NASA Leadership and America's Future in Space" and founded NASA's Office of Exploration. After Sally Ride's death in 2012, General Donald Kutyna revealed that she had discreetly provided him with key information about O-rings (namely, that they become stiff at low temperatures) that eventually led to identification of the cause of the explosion.

After NASA 

In 1987, Ride left her position in Washington, D.C., to work at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control. In 1989, she became a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, and director of the California Space Institute. From the mid-1990s until her death, Ride led two public-outreach programs for NASA—the ISS EarthKAM and GRAIL MoonKAM projects, in cooperation with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and UCSD. The programs allowed middle school students to request images of the Earth and Moon. In 1999, she acted in the season 5 finale of Touched by an Angel, titled "Godspeed". In 2003, she was asked to serve on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. She was the president and CEO of Sally Ride Science, a company she co-founded in 2001 that creates entertaining science programs and publications for upper elementary and middle school students, with a particular focus on girls.

According to Roger Boisjoly, who was one of the engineers that warned of the technical problems that led to the Challenger disaster, after the entire workforce of Morton-Thiokol shunned him, Ride was the only public figure to show support for him when he went public with his pre-disaster warnings. Sally Ride hugged him publicly to show her support for his efforts.

Ride wrote or co-wrote seven books on space aimed at children, with the goal of encouraging children to study science.

Ride endorsed Barack Obama for U.S. president in 2008. She was a member of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, an independent review requested by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on May 7, 2009.

Personal life and death 
Ride was extremely private about her personal life. In 1982, she married fellow NASA astronaut Steven Hawley. They divorced in 1987.

Ride died on July 23, 2012, at the age of 61, in her home in La Jolla, a neighborhood of San Diego, California, seventeen months after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Following cremation, her ashes were interred next to her father at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica.

After Ride's death, her obituary revealed that her partner of 27 years was Tam O'Shaughnessy, a professor emerita of school psychology at San Diego State University and childhood friend, who met her when both were aspiring tennis players. O'Shaughnessy was also a science writer and, later, the co-founder of Sally Ride Science. O'Shaughnessy served as the chief executive officer and chair of the Board of Sally Ride Science. They wrote six acclaimed children's science books together. Their relationship was revealed by the company and confirmed by her sister, who said she chose to keep her personal life private, including her sickness and treatments. This made Ride the first lesbian astronaut and the first lesbian in outer space.

Awards and honors 

Ride received numerous awards throughout her lifetime and after. She received the National Space Society's von Braun Award, the Lindbergh Eagle, and the NCAA's Theodore Roosevelt Award. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the Astronaut Hall of Fame and was awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal twice. Two elementary schools in the United States are named after her: Sally Ride Elementary School in The Woodlands, Texas, and Sally Ride Elementary School in Germantown, Maryland.

In 1984, Ride received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.

On December 6, 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Ride into the California Hall of Fame at the California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.

In 2007, Ride was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio.

Ride directed public outreach and educational programs for NASA's GRAIL mission, which sent twin satellites to map the moon's gravity. On December 17, 2012, the two GRAIL probes, Ebb and Flow, were directed to complete their mission by crashing on an unnamed lunar mountain near the crater Goldschmidt. NASA announced that it was naming the landing site in honor of Sally Ride. Also in December 2012, the Space Foundation bestowed upon Ride its highest honor, the General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award.

In April 2013, the U.S. Navy announced that a research ship would be named in honor of Ride. This was done in 2014 with the christening of the oceanographic research vessel RV Sally Ride (AGOR-28).

On May 20, 2013, a "National Tribute to Sally Ride" was held at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. and on that same day, President Barack Obama announced that Ride would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. The medal was presented to her life partner Tam O'Shaughnessy in a ceremony at the White House on November 20, 2013. In July 2013, Flying magazine ranked Ride at number 50 on their list of the "51 Heroes of Aviation".

In 2014, Ride was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago that celebrates LGBT history and people.

In 2017, a Google Doodle honored her on International Women's Day.

The U.S. Postal Service issued a first-class postage stamp honoring Ride in 2018.

In 2019, Stanford University’s Serra House located in Lucie Stern Hall was renamed the Sally Ride House.

For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Tierna Davidson chose the name of Sally Ride.

Ride will appear as one of the first two honorees of the American Women quarters series in 2022. She will be the first known LGBT person to appear on US currency.

In popular culture 
When she became the first American woman in space on the Space Shuttle Challenger, many in the crowd attending the launch wore T-shirts printed, "Ride, Sally Ride", a play on the lyric of the 1965 song "Mustang Sally".

Billy Joel's 1989 song "We Didn't Start the Fire" mentions her.

In 1999, Ride appeared as herself on the Touched By An Angel episode "Godspeed".

In 2013, Janelle Monáe released a song called "Sally Ride".

Also in 2013, astronauts Chris Hadfield and Catherine Coleman performed a song called "Ride On". The song was later released as part of Hadfield's album Space Sessions: Songs from a Tin Can under the name Ride That Lightning.

Ride's space flight is a central event in the 2016 novel Our Lady of the Inferno.

In 2017, a "Women of NASA" LEGO set went on sale featuring (among other things) mini-figurines of Ride, Margaret Hamilton, Mae Jemison, and Nancy Grace Roman.

In 2019, Mattel released a Barbie doll in Ride's likeness as part of their "Inspiring Women" series.

In the film Valley Girl (2020), Ride is referred to not only as the first woman astronaut, but also as a valley girl, since she was from Encino.

In 2021, Ride was featured in the second season of the Apple TV+ streaming series For All Mankind, where she was played by actress Ellen Wroe.

Selected works 
 Essay
 

 Books

See also 

 Women in space
 List of female astronauts
 List of female explorers and travelers
 Mercury 13
 Women in science

References

External links 

 Biography at NASA
 
 
 
 
 
 Sally Ride Science Festivals
 Sally Ride Girls Science Camps
 Sally Ride Science company website
 
 
 

 
1951 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century American women writers
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Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica
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People from Encino, Los Angeles
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Lesbians
Zeina Hashem Beck (Arabic: زينة هاشم بيك) is a Lebanese poet. She published five short story collections and many poems. She has won several awards including the Frederick Bock Prize in 2017 for her poem "Maqam".

Biography 
Zeina Hashem Beck is a Lebanese poet and writer. She graduated from the American University of Beirut with a Bachelor's and Master's degree in English Literature. She published five short stories collections and many poems and has won several awards over the years. In 2013, her first short story "To Live in Autumn" won the Backwaters Prize and was a runner-up for the Julie Suk Award in 2014. In 2016, her chapbooks "3arabi Song" won the Rattle Chapbook Prize, and "There Was and How Much There Was) was chosen by Carol Ann Duffy for publication. In 2017, her poem “Maqam" won Frederick Bock Prize. Zeina's poetry was featured on The Academy of American Poets’ Poem-a-Day and appeared in various magazines including Ploughshares, The New York Times Magazine, The Adroit Journal, The Rialto, Poetry London, and The Southeast Review. She currently lives in Dubai where she founded and hosts the open mic night PUNCH.

Works

Short Story Collections 
 To Live in Autumn, 2013
 3arabic Songs, 2016
 There Was and How Much There Was, 2016
 Louder than Hearts, 2016

Poems 
 We Who Have Decided to Live in Autumn, 2013
 Bench, 2013
 Ghazal: Back Home, 2015
 Dismantling Grief, 2015
 Adhan, 2015
 Body, She Means It, 2016
 Layla, 2016
 In One Day and Night (original title: Fi Youm Wi Leila), 2016
 Crazy (original title: Majnun), 2016
 Say Love Say God, 2016
 There Was and How Much There Was, 2016
 Triptych: Voice, 2017
 Maqam, 2017
 There, There, Grieving, 2018
 Daily, 2018
 Prophecy, 2018
 Escape, 2018
 What the Returning Do, 2018
 Ghazal: Hands
 Dear White Critic, رفيقي في الرحيل
 Ode to the Afternoon, 2019
 Ghazal: With Prayer, 2019
 Souk, 2019
 Ode to Babel | نشيد الانتظار, 2019
 Ode to Disappointment, 2019
 Flamingos, 2019
 Ghazal: Back Home, 2019
 Poem Beginning and Ending with My Birth, 2020

Awards and honors 
 Her short story collection "To Live in Autumn" won the Backwaters Prize in 2013.
 Her short story collection "Louder than Hearts" won the May Sarton New Hampshire Poetry Prize in 2016.
 Her chapbook "3arabi Song" won the Rattle Chapbook Prize in 2016.
 Her short story "There Was and How Much There Was" was selected by Carol Ann Duffy for 2016 Smit Doorstop Leaureate's Choice.
 Her poem "Maqam" won Frederick Bock Prize in 2017.

See also 
 Afra Atiq
 Farah Chamma

References 

Lebanese writers
Lebanese poets
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) Edith How-Martyn (née How; 17 June 1875 – 2 February 1954) was a British suffragette and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She was arrested in 1906 for attempting to make a speech in the House of Commons. This was one of the first acts of suffragette militancy. She met Margaret Sanger in 1915 and they created a conference in Geneva. How-Martyn toured India talking about birth control. She had no children and died in Australia.

Life
Edith How was born in London in 1875 to Edwin and Ann How. Her father was a grocer and her elder sister became the lawyer Florence Earengey. Edith attended the North London Collegiate School. She went to University College, Aberystwyth where she took Physics and Mathematics, gaining an external degree from the University of London in 1903.

She married George Herbert Martyn in 1899. She had radical political opinions and was a member of the Independent Labour Party before becoming an early member of the WSPU in 1905. The following year she was appointed joint secretary of the WSPU with Charlotte Despard and it was in Oct 1906 that she was arrested in the lobby of the House of Commons trying to give a speech. She was one of the first WSPU members to go to jail when she was given a two-month sentence.

However, the future direction of the WSPU under the Pankhursts was a matter of some concern to her, as it was to other members at this time. In 1907, together with Charlotte Despard, Alice Abadam, Theresa Billington-Greig, Marion Coates-Hansen, Irene Miller, Bessie Drysdale, Maude Fitzherbert)  were signatories to a letter to Emmeline Pankhurst explaining their disquiet on 14 September 1907. This group to formed the Women's Freedom League (WFL), which abandoned the violent tactics of the WSPU group in favour of non-violent illegal acts to convey their message.How-Martyn was honorary secretary of the new group, whose motto was 'Dare to be Free' from 1907 to 

1911, when she became head of the Political and Militant section. However, she resigned in Apr 1912, disappointed with the WFL's progress after the defeat of the Conciliation Bill. How-Martyn together with Charlotte Despard and Emma Sproson made a delegation to the British Prime Minister. She had also refused to pay taxes that were only voted for by men. 

How-Martyn's next political act was to stand as an independent candidate in Hendon in the 1918 general election, an attempt in which she was unsuccessful. She held public office for the first time In 1919, when she became a member of the Middlesex County Council, a post she held until 1922. From then on, her interests were mainly directed to the issue of birth control. She met the American family planning leader Margaret Sanger in 1915 and had been impressed by her ideas, subsequently organising the 1927 World Population Conference in Geneva with Sanger and becoming honorary director of the Birth Control International Information Centre in London in 1930.

Between November 1934 and Mar 1935 How-Martyn travelled through India campaigning for birth control, then accompanied Sanger on her trip to Asia the following year. How-Martyn returned to the sub-continent several times in the following years to continue the work started there at this point.

However, her past campaigning for women's suffrage was not forgotten: in 1926 she also established the Suffragette Fellowship that began the process of documenting the movement. She continued this work in the following decades through a local branch in Australia which she established after she moved there with her husband at the outbreak of the Second World War. Norman Haire, who had returned to Australia, informed Margaret Sanger that How-Martyn hoped to 'join forces with him' to do something for birth control despite the war. Haire wrote to Sanger again on 9 September 1948, asking her to send money to support How-Martyn who was old, sick and poor.  She had a stroke and died in an Australian nursing home

Posthumous recognition
Her name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, unveiled in 2018.

See also
List of suffragists and suffragettes

References

External links
Spartacus article on How-Martyn
Margaret Sanger and Edith How-Martyn: An Intimate Correspondence, Margaret Sanger Papers Project Newsletter #5, Spring 1993
 Edith How-Martyn archive at The Women's Library at the Library of the London School of Economics

1875 births
1954 deaths
British feminists
British socialist feminists
People educated at North London Collegiate School
Women's Social and Political Union
Members of Middlesex County Council
English tax resisters
Women councillors in England