Throwdown (band) Early years (1997-2002) What was the band doing in 1997? Throwdown was formed in 1997 Who were the original members? Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. Where were some of their first gigs? The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records.
Did they have an personnel changes over those first years?
Did Throwdown have an personnel changes over the first years?
Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, who would also be an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a "wry irony on their collective stature," at the time no band member being more than 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m). The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band, and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After sign a recording contract with Indecision Records, the band released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. In 1999, Barney also relinquished his role in Death by Stereo to prioritise Throwdown. Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band Bleeding Through, being replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP. In 2001, Throwdown released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. They also recorded a tongue-in-cheek metalcore version of Sir Mix-a-Lot's hit single "Baby Got Back" for Radical Records' Too Legit for the Pit: Hardcore Takes the Rap compilation, which also featured Candiria, Stretch Arm Strong, and The Movielife. Allmusic reviewer Rick Anderson gave the album four and a half out of five stars, stating that Throwdown's version for the song was "absolutely hilarious". The idea of cover a hip hop song, was a collaboration between Macaluso and Love. Originally they wanted to cover House of Pain's "Jump Around". Then the band decided there was too much in the song, as they felt that hip hop songs are hard to cover. Peters said, "Sir Mix-a-Lot was easy and funny, and that's what we're all about, playing easy stuff and trying to be funny." The following year, Barney expressed a desire to switch to guitar (which he played in Eighteen Visions already) because he would often lose his voice on tour. Peters took over on vocals. Fill-in guitarist Matt Mentley would fill in whenever Barney had shows with Eighteen Visions. Lacking a permanent drummer after the departure of Jackson, 18V drummer Ken Floyd regularly filled in around this time as well. After that in 2002 Throwdown made their next cd Face the Mirror EP with no changes except for Ken Floyd on drums. CANNOTANSWER
Schieppati left the band to concentrate full-time on his other band
Throwdown is an American heavy metal band from Orange County, California. Formed in 1997, the band has endured numerous lineup changes to the point where no original members remain. Throwdown has toured as part of Ozzfest, Sounds of the Underground, Hellfest, and Warped Tour, as well as with bands such as In Flames, Lamb of God, As I Lay Dying, Killswitch Engage, Korn and Cavalera Conspiracy. The songs "Forever" and "Burn" were staples on MTV2's Headbangers Ball and Revolver Magazine called them part of "The Future of Metal" after hearing the album Vendetta. Initially branded a hardcore punk band, albums like Venom and Tears and Deathless took a sharp turn towards metal, with critics likening the band's sound to that of Pantera and Sepultura. The band are straight edge.

History

Early years (1997–2002)
Throwdown was formed in 1997 by vocalist Keith Barney, an active member of both Adamantium and Eighteen Visions, guitarists Tommy Love and Javier Van Huss, bassist Dom Macaluso, and drummer Marc Jackson. The group took on the title Throwdown as a "wry irony on their collective stature", at the time no band member being more than . The band released their debut, self-titled 7-inch single that same year through Prime Directive Records. Van Huss left the band and was replaced by Brandan Schieppati. After signing a recording contract with Indecision Records, they released their first studio album Beyond Repair the following year. Schieppati was replaced by Dave Peters. The following year, the new line-up released the Drive Me Dead EP.

In 2001, Throwdown was scheduled to release a split 7" vinyl with Poison the Well through Surprise Attack Records. Instead, the band released their second studio album, You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family. Not long afterward, Jackson left the band, who, lacking a permanent replacement, recruited Barney's 18 Visions bandmate Ken Floyd to fill-in. Floyd appeared on their self-released 2002 EP Face the Mirror. The same year, Barney told the band he'd like to switch from vocals to guitar, as he would often lose his voice on tour, so Peters took over on vocals. Barney would often miss shows due to his commitments to 18 Visions; Matt Mentley was drafted to fill in for him.

Haymaker (2003–2004)
In 2003, Throwdown recorded and released Haymaker, featuring the Peters-penned straight-edge anthem "Forever", on Trustkill Records. The lineup was Peters on vocals, Macaluso on bass, Love & Barney on guitars, and session drummer Jarred Alexander. A tour with Hatebreed followed in support of the album's release. 

As Barney stayed busy with 18 Visions, Macaluso and Love started the band The Lost, who released an EP with Indecision very reminiscent of the group HIM. 

Mentley officially replaced Barney in 2004. The band played Japan, with a fill in drummer, and embarked on a short tour of Europe with new drummer Ben Dussault. Former drummer Jackson filled in for Love, on guitar. Peters, Mentley, Dussault, Macaluso, and Love spent the summer of 2004 on Ozzfest's second stage.

Vendetta (2005–2006)
Throwdown spent the early part of the year recording Vendetta, made at Planet Z Studios with producer Zeuss. Mark Choiniere joined the band shortly before the album was recorded, although he does not appear in the music video for "Burn". Peters, Dussault, Choiniere, Mentley and Macaluso hit the inaugural Sounds of the Underground tour that summer. 

In the fall, they headlined a US tour sponsored by To Die for Clothing with Sinai Beach as support. Following this tour, Macaluso, the band's only remaining original member, exited Throwdown. Mentley switched to bass, with Mark Choiniere covering all guitar duties in the live setting. Throwdown has remained a four-piece ever since.

Venom & Tears (2007–2008)

Throwdown recorded Venom & Tears with producer Mudrock in Los Angeles. 

They spent the summer headlining the Ernie Ball stage on the Vans Warped Tour. After the tour, they filmed a video for "Holy Roller" with director Andy Reale. In the fall, they supported Machine Head on a US tour. Mentley left the band afterward. His replacement, Mark Mitchell, made his live debut in South America in December. Mitchell had previously been the vocalist in the straight edge, vegan metalcore band Culture in the mid-1990s and had also played guitar in Until the End and Red Roses for a Blue Lady.

In March 2008, Throwdown announced that they had fulfilled their contractual obligations and were no longer signed to Trustkill Records. In December 2008, the band signed to Koch Records and began working on their sixth album. In the same announcement, it was stated that Jarrod Alexander, who worked with the band on Haymaker, would return for the new album.

Deathless (2009–2013)
In February 2009, the band played at the second annual MusInk festival in Orange County, supporting Danzig and The Used.

In the Spring, Throwdown began recording with Mudrock (who previously recorded Venom & Tears) in Los Angeles. The new album featured Peters, Choiniere, Mitchell, and session drummer Alexander. The album was mixed by Zeuss, who had produced and mixed Vendetta. 

They spent September and October touring Europe with Chimaira and Unearth, with Living Sacrifice drummer Lance Garvin behind the kit. 

On November 10, 2009, Throwdown released Deathless in North America via Koch (now called eOne). 

In November and December, they headlined the Deathless Tour across America, with support from Bury Your Dead, For Today, ABACABB, and The World We Knew, again with the lineup of Peters, Choiniere, Mitchell, and Garvin. 

In December, the band announced they would join Five Finger Death Punch and Shadows Fall on a lengthy U.S. tour set for January and February 2010. However, without a permanent replacement for Dussault, Choiniere opted to bow out of Throwdown roughly two weeks before the start of the tour. Throwdown dropped out of the tour and was replaced on the bill by the band God Forbid. 

Deathless was released in Europe on January 25, 2010, via Nuclear Blast Records.

In October 2011, Throwdown headlined a short West Coast trek dubbed "Brawloween". The lineup was Peters and Mitchell with Demon Hunter drummer Tim "Yogi" Watts and then-Bleeding Through guitarist Dave Nassie filling in. Support for the shows included Carnifex, First Blood, and Suffokate.

Intolerance & Take Cover (2014–present)

After a long period of inactivity, Throwdown released a new album, Intolerance, on January 21, 2014, via eOne Music. It was produced by Peters with Davey Worsop and mixed/mastered by Zeuss. Peters performed everything on the album, save for drums (handled by longtime session player Alexander) and guitar solos, which were tracked by Nassie. Since the release of Intolerance, the band has made only two live appearances: at Canada's Amnesia Rockfest in 2014 and Belgium's Groezrock festival in 2015. Both shows featured Dave Peters on vocals and the return of bassist Matt Mentley, with Alexander and Nassie filling in. 

In April 2020, Throwdown released a surprise EP, Take Cover, collecting five cover songs from over the years. The EP was issued by the band's own label, Pit Viper Records. Throwdown's Trustkill-era albums are now on all digital services via Pit Viper Records, as well.

Members

Current
 Dave Peters – lead vocals (2002–present); guitar (1999–2002)
 Matt Mentley – bass (2005–2007, 2014–present); guitar (2004–2005); touring guitar (2001–2004)

Touring
 Nick Jett – drums (2003)
 Lance Garvin – drums (2009–2011)
 Timothy "Yogi" Watts – drums (2011)
 Dave Nassie – guitar (2011–2015)
 Jarrod Alexander – drums, percussion (2014–2015)

Former
 Tommy Love – guitar (1997–2004)
 Dom Macaluso – bass (1997–2005)
 Keith Barney – lead vocals (1997–2002); guitar (2002–2004)
 Javier Van Huss – guitar (1998)
 Marc Jackson – drums, percussion (1998–2002); guitar (2004)
 Brandan Schieppati – guitar (1998–1999)
 Ken Floyd – drums (2002)
 Ben Dussault – drums, percussion (2004–2008)
 Mark Choiniere – guitar (2005–2011)
 Mark Mitchell – bass (2007–2014)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums 
 Beyond Repair (1999)
 You Don't Have to Be Blood to Be Family (2001)
 Haymaker (2003)
 Vendetta (2005)
 Venom & Tears (2007)
 Deathless (2009)
 Intolerance (2014)

Extended plays
 Throwdown (1998)
 Drive Me Dead (2000)
 Throwdown / Good Clean Fun (2001)
 Face the Mirror (2002)
 Americana / Planets Collide (2007)
 Covered with Venom (2007)
 Take Cover (2020)

Videos
 Together. Forever. United. (2004)

Music videos
 "Forever" (2004), directed by Chris Sims
 "Burn" (2005), directed by Chris Sims
 "Holy Roller" (2007), directed by Andy Reale
 "The Scythe" (2010), directed by Cale Glendening
 "This Continuum" (2010), directed by Cale Glendening
 "Tombs" (2010), directed by Cale Glendening
 "The Blinding Light" (2010), directed by Cale Glendening

References

External links

Throwdown - Beyond Repair (Indecision Records, 1999)

American metalcore musical groups
American groove metal musical groups
Musical groups from Orange County, California
Straight edge groups
Musical groups established in 1997
MNRK Music Group artists
Heavy metal musical groups from California
Musical quartets
Trustkill Records artists
In labor economics, the reservation wage is the lowest wage rate at which a worker would be willing to accept a particular type of job. This wage is a theoretical representation of the hourly rate at which an individual values their own leisure time.  A job offer involving the same type of work and the same working conditions, but at a lower wage rate, would be rejected by the worker. In this case, based on the reservation wage theory, the individual would be better off not working as they value their leisure at a higher rate then the wage they would be receiving for working. 

An individual's reservation wage may change over time depending on a number of micro and macro-economic factors, like changes in the individual's overall wealth, changes in marital status or living arrangements, length of unemployment, and health and disability issues. For example, an individual who has high household production activities may have a higher reservation wage as it must exceed the benefit of those activities, this may then change once household duties are reduced. 

One of the factors of an individuals reservation wage is their previous wage, a study done by the Reserve Bank of Australia supports the theory that individuals who have previously worked have reservation wages higher than their previous wage, even if they did not leave their previous work willingly. This same study also found out that people who have not been employed before had higher reservation wages than those who had, this could be explained by the fact they do not understand their realistic value in the labor market.

An individual might also set a higher reservation wage when considering an offer of an unpleasant or undesirable job than when considering a type of job the individual likes (see compensating differential). For example, an individual might happily do a sleep study for $10 an hour but would need $40 an hour to work as a bus driver. 

There have been many studies on the effect of unemployment duration and unemployment benefits on the reservation wages of individuals. With regards to unemployment benefits, as these increase so to does the reservation wage. This is because their non-labor benefits are higher so they place greater value on their leisure time.  There is a rationality principle which says that “unemployment benefit income is less than or equal to reservation wages, which are less than or equal to expected wages." Therefore it makes sense that changes in unemployment benefits have a positive correlation with reservation wages. With regards to the effect of unemployment duration on reservation wages it has mostly been found that "reservation wages decline at a modest rate over the unemployment spell."

It is important to remember that reservation wage is not the only value that is placed on a job. Individuals may place value of non-wage characteristics such as the ability to work from home or flexible working hours. 

Just as a worker has an incentive to search for a high wage when looking for a job, a consumer has an incentive to search for a low price when purchasing a good. The highest price the consumer is willing to pay for a particular product is that consumer's reservation price.

See also 
 Search theory
 Job hunting
 List of economics topics

References

External links 
 The IAB info platform Reservation wages of the unemployed of the Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany, presents scientific findings on "reservation wages".

Wages and salaries Operation Ramp was the name given to an Australian Defence Force (ADF) operation to support the evacuation of over 5,300 Australians and over 1,300 foreign nationals from the Lebanese ports of Beirut and Tyre during the 2006 Lebanon War. The evacuation was led by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). The ADF deployed 22 personnel on 19 July 2006 to assist DFAT in a number of specialised roles, including support to the DFAT staff in Beirut, Cyprus and Turkey. A Task Force of 96 personnel was also deployed on 21 July 2006 that included:
a command element
two evacuee processing teams
liaison officers
movements officers
health specialists from various units including the 1st Health Support Battalion
linguists

ADF personnel were progressively withdrawn from Lebanon commencing on 3 August 2006 with all personnel home by 25 August 2006.

The Australian Federal Police (AFP) deployed both AFP and Victoria Police personnel on secondment to the AFP, who were performing peacekeeping duties in Cyprus. They entered Lebanon on ten occasions between 19 and 24 July coordinating the evacuation of the citizens. All the police members volunteered and did so whilst 'off duty'. Those members received an AFP Commissioner Citation for Hazardous Overseas Service.

See also
International reactions to the 2006 Lebanon War by evacuations and aid

References

Ramp