Senses Fail Pull the Thorns from Your Heart, touring replacements, side projects (2014-2016) When was Pull the Thorns From Your Heart released? Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. Were there any singles released from it? I don't know. Who produced it? Pure Noise Records.
Who were the touring replacements?
Who were the touring replacements?
In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart. On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour. The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein. On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child. Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and "alternative". On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes. The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex "Grizz" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch. They released their debut, self-titled 7" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records. The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat. Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance. In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California. After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date. The festival took place on July 16, and also featured performances from The Starting Line, The Get Up Kids, and Quicksand, as well as 2016 Taste of Chaos full tour acts Saosin, Taking Back Sunday, and Dashboard Confessional. The future of the band was left uncertain after it was revealed that guitarists Zack Roach and Matt Smith would no longer be touring with the band, with both choosing to focus on their families after the recent births of their children. Despite almost breaking up, the band took the rest of the summer of 2016 off to regroup. In late 2016, the band supported Sum 41 on their "Don't Call it a Sum Back" full United States tour. Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live, with Styliades returning on bass guitar, and Jason Millbank filling the role of lead guitarist. CANNOTANSWER
Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child,
Senses Fail is an American post-hardcore band formed in Ridgewood, New Jersey, United States, in 2002. Founded by vocalist James "Buddy" Nielsen, drummer Dan Trapp, guitarists Garrett Zablocki and Dave Miller, and bassist James Gill (replaced by Mike Glita shortly after); the band has seen many lineup changes, with Nielsen being the only consistent member.

The lineup currently consists of Nielsen, bassist/guitarist Gavin Caswell and drummer Steve Carey, together with bassist Greg Styliades and guitarist Jason Milbank.

The band has released seven studio albums, Let It Enfold You, Still Searching, Life Is Not a Waiting Room, The Fire, Renacer, Pull the Thorns from Your Heart  and If There Is Light, It Will Find You. In addition, the band has two EPs, From the Depths of Dreams and In Your Absence and one live album, Joshua Tree.

History

Formation and From the Depths of Dreams EP (2001–2003)
Senses Fail's beginnings started in October 2001 after Nielsen posted an advertisement on the Internet to recruit members for the band. The advertisement attracted attention from Garrett Zablocki, who then began writing with Nielsen. Later Zablocki contacted Dave Miller to join the band who also brought along his friend, James Gill. After a short time with another drummer the band came across Dan Trapp, who was only 14-years-old at the time. Before the band signed to Drive-Thru Records, James Gill was kicked out of the band due to irreconcilable differences; he was replaced by former Tokyo Rose drummer Mike Glita.

Nielsen explained the band name, stating: "In Hinduism, they believe that being alive is hell, and the only way to reach Nirvana is to ultimately have no attachments to anything. So, people go out and live in the middle of the woods and they don't eat and don't drink. They just meditate because they've reached such a high level where they're not attached to love, relationships or anything. And if you want to reach the highest level of being and see God, you have to have all your senses fail."

Building a local fan base by playing any gig they could find from skate parks and clubs to churches, they soon entered the studio and started to record. Their first release, From the Depths of Dreams, was a six-track EP that was originally released on ECA Records on August 16, 2002. It originally started as two three-song demo CDs, but was later joined together to make one release by producer John Naclerio. The independent release did very well and caught the attention of some record labels. They signed to Drive-Thru Records, and reissued their EP on April 29, 2003 with two extra tracks, remastering, and new cover art. The b-side "Bastard Son" was also recorded during this time. The release saw much success, and sold enough copies to peak at No. 144 on the Billboard chart. In support of the EP, Senses Fail toured with such bands as  The Used, Millencolin, The Starting Line, and Drive-Thru labelmates Finch.

Let It Enfold You (2004–2005)
Senses Fail started working on their debut album, Let It Enfold You in April 2003. During this time, lead singer and songwriter Buddy Nielsen was 18–19 years old. They worked with producer Steve Evetts (Saves the Day, A Static Lullaby, Every Time I Die) on their new label Vagrant Records. The lyrics were derived from a wide variety of sources. The title of the album was taken from a poem written by Charles Bukowski, the song "Irony of Dying on Your Birthday" is about the work of mythologist Joseph Campbell, and parts of the song "Slow Dance" include lines of the Dao De Jing. Nielsen stated that, "We just love making music and writing good songs. I feel like I've got a lot more to say and we've got a lot more to contribute. But even if things ended tomorrow, we've gotten 10 times further than we ever expected to get and that makes us feel like we've succeeded regardless of what happens from here on." Let It Enfold You was released on September 7, 2004 on Vagrant and Drive Thru Records. The album was certified gold by the RIAA, and has sold over 600,000 copies worldwide.

Let It Enfold You saw the release of two singles: "Buried a Lie" and "Rum Is for Drinking, Not for Burning." The music video for "Buried a Lie" was filmed on the set of the soap opera Guiding Light. Nielsen's mother, who shot the video, used to act in the show. The release of the video started attracting mainstream success for the band. During this period, Senses Fail were featured in magazines such as Kerrang!, Rolling Stone, Spin and appeared on the cover of Alternative Press.

The band toured extensively in support of the release. They were added to Warped Tour in 2004, 2005, and 2006, and 2009, and played on the main stage for the 2005 and 2006 editions of the tour. They were also included on the first Taste of Chaos tour in 2005 with such notable acts as The Used, My Chemical Romance, and Killswitch Engage. They also headlined a few tours of their own during this time with The Early November from Drive Thru and Emanuel from Vagrant.

The album was reissued in November 2005 with bonus tracks and new album art. In addition to the original track listing, it featured acoustic versions of songs from the album, an unreleased track, and a cover of the Suicidal Tendencies song "Institutionalized."

In 2005, the band's web site announced the departure, by mutual agreement, of guitarist Dave Miller. He was replaced by Heath Saraceno, previously the guitarist and vocalist of the band Midtown. Miller started his own record label called DMI (Dave Miller Industries) in September 2006.

The song "Lady in a Blue Dress," from this album, was released as a downloadable track on the Rock Band Network on March 4, 2010.

Still Searching (2006–2007)

After taking a break from touring, and acquiring a new lineup, Senses Fail began to write their second studio album. The new album, titled Still Searching was produced by Brian McTernan (Thrice, Cave In) and mixed by Chris Lord-Alge. This album eased up on the aggression on previous albums and showed more emotion. On the subject of the new songs, Nielsen explained, "I like my lyrics to be open to interpretation, but I didn’t want to paint pictures of things no one was going to understand; I want our fans to be able to relate. At some point, we all start examining our lives. If you don’t, there’s something wrong with you."

In support of the new album, the band toured on the Taste of Chaos again. In 2006 they toured with the Taste of Chaos International, and in 2007 Senses Fail returned to North America for the 2007 Taste of Chaos tour. In the summer of 2007 they also participated in a few dates of the Zumiez Couch Tour alongside From Autumn to Ashes. They headlined in late 2006 with Saosin and Bleeding Through as supporters. On October 5, 2007, Senses Fail began a 33-city co-headlining tour with New Found Glory which started in Las Vegas, Nevada. Also on the tour was Set Your Goals. The tour ended on November 24, 2007 in San Diego, California.

On November 13, 2007, Senses Fail released a deluxe version of Still Searching, which featured new art, behind-the-scenes DVD featuring footage from the band's headlining tour last fall, two new songs, three b-sides, and a cover of The Cranberries' song "Salvation."

On December 8, 2007, bassist Mike Glita left the band to pursue his side project Knights In Paris. Jason Black joined as a temporary replacement, though he later became a permanent member.

The song "Can't Be Saved," from this album, is featured in the game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. One of their other singles, "Calling All Cars," is featured in the game Burnout Paradise.

Life Is Not a Waiting Room (2008–2009)
Their album Life Is Not a Waiting Room was released on October 7, 2008 through Vagrant, and began a nationwide tour the day after.
On November 21, Senses Fail did an online interview with Ultimate Guitar, talking about the evolution of the band, their new bassist and the album.

On June 30, 2009, it was announced that guitarist Heath Saraceno would be leaving the band after the 2009 Warped Tour, stating: "I've shared many great times with these guys over the past four years or so. We've made two records I'm very proud of, toured the world and the States countless times, and I've made friends with people I would not have met otherwise. These guys from Jersey (and Atlanta by way of Florida) have turned into some of my closest friends, and I will miss seeing them as often as I've been able to." He was replaced by Zack Roach.

The Fire (2010)

The band began recording their new album, titled The Fire, at Salad Days Studio with Brian McTernan in June 2010 hoping to release later that year. The Fire was released in the UK on October 25, 2010 through Hassle Records and elsewhere on October 26 through Vagrant Records to generally positive reviews. The album does not feature Zack Roach on guitar, replacing Heath Saraceno after leaving in 2009, but instead has Garrett Zablocki playing both guitar roles. In February 2011, Garrett Zablocki left the band to attend college; however, he will be composing music for various films and videos.

Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail (2012)
On July 13, 2011, Senses Fail posted "We are hanging writing new songs and practicing for the shows this weekend." on their Facebook page, and posted pictures via Twitter and Instagram of them in the studio.

Senses Fail announced that they would be going on tour with Stick to Your Guns, Make Do and Mend, and The Story So Far in November 2011.

The band then released The Fire on vinyl through Mightier Than Sword Records.

Senses Fail played again on the 2012 Vans Warped Tour. They released a greatest hits album entitled Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail which featured music from all of their previous albums and came with an added four-track EP of new songs. The album was released on June 19, 2012 in a double-CD package and it is limited to 10,000 copies.

On June 15, they released "War Paint" from their Greatest Hits album.

Renacer (2013–2014)
On November 13, 2012, Senses Fail posted on their Facebook page that "We begin recording our fifth full-length album this week in Los Angeles, California. We will be working with producer Shaun Lopez (Far, Deftones) at The Airport Studio and Red Bull Studio. The recording is expected to wrap up in mid-December with a Spring 2013 release planned." The resulting album, Renacer, was released on March 26, 2013. On February 4, 2013 the first single, "Mi Amor" was released,along with pre-orders for the album. On March 1, 2013 a second single was released, "The Path."

The band played at the UK Slam Dunk Festival in May 2013.

The music video for "Between the Mountains and the Sea" was released on August 2, 2013

It was announced on June 2, 2014 via the band's Facebook page that Senses Fail would be doing a 10th Anniversary tour playing their record "Let It Enfold You" from start to finish and that ex-Poison the Well, current Big Black Delta live drummer, Chris Hornbrook would be replacing long time drummer, Dan Trapp.

Pull the Thorns from Your Heart, touring replacements, side projects (2014–2016)
In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart.

On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015.  The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour.  The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein.  On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child.  Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and "alternative".

On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes.  The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex "Grizz" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch.  They released their debut, self-titled 7" on November 4, 2016 via Bad Timing Records.  The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat.  Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance.

In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California.  After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date.  The festival took place on July 16, and also featured performances from The Starting Line, The Get Up Kids, and Quicksand, as well as 2016 Taste of Chaos full tour acts Saosin, Taking Back Sunday, and Dashboard Confessional.

The future of the band was left uncertain after it was revealed that guitarists Zack Roach and Matt Smith would no longer be touring with the band, with both choosing to focus on their families after the recent births of their children.  Despite almost breaking up, the band took the rest of the summer of 2016 off to regroup.  In late 2016, the band supported Sum 41 on their "Don't Call it a Sum Back" full United States tour.  Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live, with Styliades returning on bass guitar, and Jason Milbank filling the role of lead guitarist.

In Your Absence, Quince Años Tour and If There Is Light, It Will Find You (2016–2019)
On November 15, 2016, the band announced that in celebration of its upcoming fifteenth anniversary, they would be embarking on the Quince Años Tour in March and April 2017, with support from Counterparts, Movements, and Like Pacific. To commemorate the event, the band performed its 2006 album Still Searching in full, alongside a collection of career spanning songs.

On the same day, the band announced the release of their long teased acoustic EP, In Your Absence. It featured three brand new songs recorded and produced by Beau Burchell, alongside acoustic renditions of "Lost and Found" from Still Searching, and "Family Tradition" from Life Is Not A Waiting Room recorded and produced by Kyle Black. A music video was released for the lead single, "Jets to Peru", on January 26, 2017. The EP released on March 3, 2017 alongside the beginning of the Quince Años Tour.

The band entered the studio with Saosin guitarist Beau Burchell, who also handled recording duties on In Your Absence, to begin recording their seventh full-length album on June 27, 2017, to be titled If There Is Light, It Will Find You. Nielsen commented that the album would feature a style more akin to earlier releases, such as Let It Enfold You. The album was written entirely by Nielsen.

On August 2, it was revealed that former drummer Dan Trapp would be performing drums on the album, although current drummer Chris Hornbrook would still be performing and touring with the band. However, on January 8, 2018, Hornbrook announced his departure from the band. Hornbrook had been touring with Dhani Harrison during the recording sessions. On February 1, 2018, Steve Carey of The Color Morale was announced as the band's new drummer, following the announcement that The Color Morale would be entering a hiatus.

On November 30, the lead single "Double Cross" was released. A second single, "Gold Jacket, Green Jacket..." was released on January 11, 2018. On February 1, 2018, a third single, "New Jersey Makes, the World Takes" was released. The album was released on February 16, 2018.

On August 29, a re-recorded version of 2004's "Bastard Son" was released with a video, and the band announced the release date of a "reimagined" From the Depths of Dreams EP on September 6, 2019.

Hell Is in Your Head (2020–present)
In January 2020, Senses Fail announced that they had begun recording their eighth record, tentatively titled Hell Is In Your Head, and that it would follow the character from Still Searching after the events of the song "The Priest and the Matador." In March, they updated the working title to What the Thunder Said, Hell Is in Your Head.

On October 30, 2020, two Misfits covers were released as part of a split covers EP with the band Saves The Day titled Through Being Ghoul.

On November 25, 2020, the band released an EP titled Christmas Has Been Canceled Due to Lack of Hustle which features two songs, a cover of Saturday Night Live's "I Wish It Was Christmas Today" and "Donde Esta Santa Clause".

On February 17, 2021, the band released "Lush Rimbaugh," coinciding with the death of conservative news pundit Rush Limbaugh. Hell Is in Your Head is scheduled for release on July 15, 2022.

Musical style and influences
Senses Fail has been described as post-hardcore, emo, screamo, metalcore, pop punk, hardcore punk, and punk rock. Senses Fail have cited Jimmy Eat World, The Get Up Kids, The Promise Ring, Appleseed Cast, Saves the Day, Thursday, The Casket Lottery, Lifetime, and Deftones as their influences.

Band members
Current
James "Buddy" Nielsen – lead vocals, piano, programming, additional percussion (2002–present)
Gavin Caswell – guitars, backing vocals (2016–present); bass guitar (2013–2016)
Greg Styliades - bass guitar (2016–present); guitars (touring 2015)
Jason Milbank - guitars, backing vocals (2016–present)
Steve Carey - drums (2018–present) (also in The Color Morale)

Former
Garrett Zablocki – guitars, backing vocals (2002–2011)
Dan Trapp – drums, percussion (2002–2014, official; 2017–present, session)
Mike Glita – bass guitar, backing screamed vocals (2002–2008)
Dave Miller – guitars (2002–2005)
Heath Saraceno – guitars, backing vocals (2005–2009) (also of Midtown)
Jason Black – bass guitar (2008–2012) (also of Hot Water Music)
Zack Roach – guitars, backing vocals (2009–2016); bass guitar (2012–2013)
Matt Smith – guitars, backing vocals (2011–2016) (also of Strike Anywhere)
Chris Hornbrook – drums (2014–2018) (also of Poison the Well)
James Gill – bass guitar (2002)

Touring musicians
Etay Pisano – guitars (2009–2010)
Jeremy Comitas – bass guitar, backing vocals (2012)

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
 Let It Enfold You (2004)
 Still Searching (2006)
 Life Is Not a Waiting Room (2008)
 The Fire (2010)
 Renacer (2013)
 Pull the Thorns from Your Heart (2015)
 If There Is Light, It Will Find You (2018)
 Hell Is in Your Head (2022)

References

External links
Official tumblr blog / Website 
Website
 
 

2002 establishments in New Jersey
Rock music groups from New Jersey
Punk rock groups from New Jersey
American post-hardcore musical groups
Emo musical groups from New Jersey
American screamo musical groups
Drive-Thru Records artists
Hassle Records artists
Musical groups established in 2002
Pure Noise Records artists
Vagrant Records artists
Musical groups from New Jersey
The 8th Marching Division () was a short-lived division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. In the Italian military the term "Marching" refers to temporary units based in Italy to manage replacements for the operational units at the front.

History 
In summer 1942 Italy sent the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia (CSIR) with three divisions to the Eastern Front and the corps' replacements were managed by the Complementary Troops Command of the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia (). In summer 1942 Benito Mussolini decided to increase the Italian participation in the Eastern Front and ordered that the CSIR be expanded to a field army with ten divisions. Subsequently the 8th Marching Division was formed in Bolzano on 1 July 1942 to manage replacements for the Italian Army in Russia (ARMIR).

Organization 
The 8th Marching Division was made up of three brigades and eleven marching regiments. The list below provides the names of the marching regiments and the ARMIR units they provided replacements for.

 8th Marching Division, initially in Bolzano, then in Verona
 I Marching Brigade, in Milan (XXXV Army Corps)
 8th Marching Regiment (Corps units)
 CCIX Mortar Replacements Battalion
 CCLII Mortar Replacements Battalion
 CVI Anti-tank Replacements Battalion
 9th Marching Regiment (for the 9th Infantry Division "Pasubio")
 LXXIX Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 79th Infantry Regiment "Pasubio")
 LXXX Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 80th Infantry Regiment "Pasubio")
 LXXXIII Fusilier Replacements Battalion (activated 10 November 1942)
 CLVI Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 156th Infantry Division "Vicenza"; activated 10 November 1942)
 30th Marching Regiment (for the 3rd Cavalry Division "Principe Amedeo Duca d'Aosta")
 III Bersaglieri Replacements Battalion (for the 3rd Bersaglieri Regiment)
 VI Bersaglieri Replacements Battalion (for the 6th Bersaglieri Regiment)
 VI Bersaglieri Motorcyclist Replacements Battalion
 VII Bersaglieri Anti-tank Replacements Battalion
 52nd Marching Regiment (for the 52nd Infantry Division "Torino")
 LXXXI Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 81st Infantry Regiment "Torino")
 LXXXII Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 82nd Infantry Regiment "Torino")
 II Marching Brigade, in Bologna (II Army Corps)
 2nd Marching Regiment (for the 2nd Infantry Division "Sforzesca")
 LIII Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 53rd Infantry Regiment "Sforzesca")
 LIV Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 54th Infantry Regiment "Sforzesca")
 LXXXIV Fusilier Replacements Battalion (activated 10 November 1942)
 3rd Marching Regiment (for the 3rd Infantry Division "Ravenna"
 XXXVII Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 37th Infantry Regiment "Ravenna"
 XXXVIII Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 38th Infantry Regiment "Ravenna"
 LXXXV Fusilier Replacements Battalion (activated 10 November 1942)
 5th Marching Regiment (for the 5th Infantry Division "Cosseria")
 LXXXIX Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 89th Infantry Regiment "Cosseria")
 XC Fusilier Replacements Battalion (for the 90th Infantry Regiment "Cosseria")
 7th Marching Regiment (Corps units)
 CC Mortar Replacements Battalion
 CCIII Mortar Replacements Battalion
 CCV Anti-tank Replacements Battalion
 III Marching Brigade, initially Bergamo, then in Udine (Alpine Army Corps)
 102nd Marching Alpini Regiment (for the 2nd Alpine Division "Tridentina")
 V Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 5th Alpini Regiment)
 VI Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 6th Alpini Regiment)
 103rd Marching Alpini Regiment (for the 3rd Alpine Division "Julia")
 VIII Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 8th Alpini Regiment)
 IX Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 9th Alpini Regiment)
 104th Marching Alpini Regiment (for the 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense")
 I Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 1st Alpini Regiment)
 II Alpini Replacements Battalion (for the 2nd Alpini Regiment)
 1123rd Transport Section
 41st Supply Section
 107th Carabinieri Section
 124th Field Post Office

Operation Little Saturn 
Between 12 December 1942 and 18 February 1943 the Italian Army in Russia was destroyed during the Soviet Operation Little Saturn. What little remained of the Italian divisions was repatriated in March and April 1943. As a result the 8th Marching Division and its units were either disbanded or reassigned.

 I Brigade: The 30th and 52nd regiments were disbanded in April 1943, while the brigade command was reorganized as XXVIII Coastal Brigade and sent to Dalmatia. The 8th Marching Regiment became the 183rd Coastal Infantry Regiment and remained with the brigade, while the 9th Marching Regiment was transferred to Albania to manage replacements for Italian units there.

 II Brigade: The brigade command was reorganized as XXIX Coastal Brigade and sent to Palermo in Sicily with two of its regiments, while its remaining units were disbanded.

 III Brigade: In April 1943 the brigade was assigned to the XXIII Army Corps for anti-partisan duties in the area of Tolmin and Cerkno on the Italian-Yugoslav border. The 102nd Regiment and the 104th Regiment were disbanded on 1 May 1943 and used to begin the process of reforming the 2nd Alpine Division "Tridentina", respectively the 4th Alpine Division "Cuneense". On 31 August 1943 the brigade and the 103rd Regiment were disbanded and the remaining personnel assigned to the three reforming alpine divisions.

230th Coastal Division 

The 8th Marching Division was disbanded on 20 May 1943 and on 1 June 1943 the command of the 230th Coastal Division was formed with the 8th Marching Division's personnel.

Commanding officers 
The division's commanding officer was:

 Generale di Divisione Egisto Conti (1 July 1942 - 20 May 1943)

References

Bibliography 
 George F. Nafziger, Italian Order of Battle. An organizational history of the Italian Army in World War II, 3 voll.

Infantry divisions of Italy in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in 1943 Dolly Gallagher Levi is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1938 play The Merchant of Yonkers and its multiple adaptations, the most notable being the 1964 musical Hello Dolly! Levi's main profession is matchmaking in Yonkers, New York. She also begins a romantic involvement with businessman, Horace Vandergelder, when she sends his niece on a date with a local town boy.

Character Description

Plays 

Dolly Levi is a "widow in her middle years who has decided to begin her life again. She is a matchmaker, meddler, opportunist, and a life-loving woman." She is from Yonkers, New York and was married to Ephram Levi, who dies before the events of the story. She is loud, brassy, and constantly meddling in others' lives. These qualities make her beloved by her hometown. During one of her matchmaking jobs, she meets half-a-billionaire, Horrace Vandergelder, who owns a store in downtown Yonkers. During the story, she attempts to make him fall in love with her, though her attempts are mostly unsuccessful. She also constantly quotes her late husband's favorite saying: "Money is like manure. It's no good unless you spread it around."

Stage Musical 

During the first act of the musical, Dolly is still quite attached to her late husband, Ephram. However, during the act finale, "Before the Parade Passes By," she decides to move on with her life and chase after Horrace's affections. In the titular song, Dolly claims to the waiters of the Harmonia Gardens restaurant that she will never leave New York again.

Musical Film Adaptation 

While many portrayals of Levi in the musical are comedic and loving, Barbara Streisand's concept of the character is more harsh to those around her, especially Horrace (who is played by Walter Matthau). This feeling can be seen especially in the penultimate song, "So Long Dearie."

Notable Portrayals 

 Jane Cowl in the original Broadway cast of The Merchant of Yonkers
 Ruth Gordon in the original Broadway cast of The Matchmaker
 Shirley Booth in the 1958 film adaptation of the same name

Hello Dolly! 

 Carol Channing in the original, third, and fourth broadway casts, first West End revival, and second national touring cast 

 Betty Grable, Ethel Merman, and Ginger Rogers as replacements in the original broadway cast
 Mary Martin in the original West End and first international touring cast
 Barbra Streisand in the 1969 film of the same name
 Pearl Bailey in the first Broadway revival and as a replacement in the original broadway cast
 Danny La Rue in the second West End revival
 Samantha Spiro in the third West End revival
 Sally Struthers in the 50th anniversary tour

 Bette Midler in the fourth Broadway revival

 Bernadette Peters and Donna Murphy as replacements in the fourth Broadway revival

 Betty Buckley in the first national touring cast
 Carolee Carmello as a replacement for the first national touring cast
 Imelda Staunton in an upcoming fourth West End revival

Notes

Additions 
Clips from the 1969 musical film were featured in the 2008 computer-animated film WALL-E.

References 

Female characters in literature
Fictional characters from New York City
Literary characters introduced in 1938