Blob (comics) Age of Apocalypse What was the age of Apocalypse? Blob appears briefly in the Age of Apocalypse as a test subject that Henry McCoy was toying with in the Breeding Pens in Did he have any special powers? Blob to project his gravitational field outward. Was there other characters? his experimenter. Havok
What did Havok do?
What did Havok do in the story line of Age of Apocalypse?
Blob appears briefly in the Age of Apocalypse as a test subject that Henry McCoy was toying with in the Breeding Pens in a direct violation of the Kelly Pact that Apocalypse signed in order to keep the Human High Council occupied and at bay while he rallied his forces. McCoy considered Blob's mutation useless which enraged Blob. Dukes freed himself, and attacked his experimenter. Havok came to McCoy's rescue, but Dukes proved to be even too much for the Prelate to handle. His pseudo freedom was fleeting for moments later the head of the pens, Havok's older brother Cyclops, showed up to deliver a searing optic blast that would put him back in his place. When the Age of Apocalypse was revisited in the 10th anniversary, Blob was a member of Sinister's team known as Sinister Six. It appears that McCoy or Sinister himself had his powers altered in a manner that allowed Blob to project his gravitational field outward. When the Sinister Six met the X-Men in battle, Dukes' new powers were used to sweep the X-Men off their feet with the Silver Samurai receiving a double dose. Quicksilver attempted to fell the behemoth with multiple punches, but Dukes remained standing regardless of how many hits he got in. It was not until Rogue stepped in with a punch that had the power necessary to overtake him that the mammoth would topple over. Following the Sinister Six's defeat, Blob managed to escape. Later he's seen as a member of the Black Legion, a group of psychotic altered mutants under the supervision of a now insane Weapon X. It is also revealed that he left the Age of Apocalypse timeline and joined Archangel's quest to become the new heir of Apocalypse. He's seen in Akkaba Metropolis under the North Pole and he was the one to prevent the escape of Psylocke. In the "Final Execution Saga" story line in Uncanny X-Force, Fredrick is part of a new Brotherhood of Evil Mutants led by Daken with the aim of taking down X-Force and turning Evan Sabahnur into a new Apocalypse. During the saga the X-Force team is captured and tortured after Nightcrawler from the Age of Apocalypse universe betrays the team, to get his revenge on Fredrick due to him eating his wife Linda. Kurt seemingly succeeds in his goal of revenge by teleporting a live shark into Fredrick's stomach during a fight with him, causing him to be devoured from within. CANNOTANSWER
Havok came to McCoy's rescue,
The Blob (Frederick J. "Fred" Dukes) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an adversary of the X-Men. A mutant originally depicted as a fat circus freak, the Blob claims to be immovable when he so desires. He possesses an extreme amount of pliable body mass, which grants him superhuman strength. Possessing the demeanor of a bully, he mostly uses his powers for petty crime and as a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants and Freedom Force.

The Blob appeared in the 2009 superhero film X-Men Origins: Wolverine, where he was played by actor Kevin Durand wearing a fat suit. Wrestler "Giant" Gustav  Claude Ouimet had a cameo as Blob in X-Men: Apocalypse.

Publication history
Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, he first appeared in X-Men #3 (January 1964).

Fictional character biography

Early years
Born in Lubbock, Texas, Fred J. Dukes starts out as a member of a circus sideshow under the name "The Blob". His act was that he could remain stationary when others tried to move him. He is detected and contacted by Charles Xavier via Cyclops, who sees his performance and tells him that he (Dukes) is a mutant, and asks him to join the X-Men. At the X-Mansion, the other X-Men dislike Dukes for his obnoxious attitude. Iceman uses his power against Dukes to create an ice block around his foot, but the Blob easily escapes. The Blob refuses Xavier's invitation, saying he is better than the other X-Men. When Xavier tries erasing his mind of what has transpired, the Blob escapes the X-Mansion despite the efforts of the Beast and uses the sewer to get away without being followed. He tells the manager of the carnival he is taking over, then gathers up the other circus members and they attack the Xavier School for Gifted Youngsters, as he plans to get technology from the X-Men and take over the world. Meanwhile, Xavier works on a device which will allow him to erase the memories of many people. The carnival succeeds in defeating the X-Men despite a warning from Angel. They tie up the X-Men and leave them on the lawn. They then enter the X-Mansion to find the Professor and his technology. Xavier telepathically contacts Marvel Girl and tells her to remove her blindfold using her telekinesis, then levitate a knife from a performer's tent to cut through her bonds, after which she frees the other members. Xavier is able to wipe everyone's minds after the carnival is stopped by a wall of ice, and the Blob goes back to the circus.

Joining the Brotherhood
The mutant Magneto soon seeks out the Blob to recruit him into his Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, restoring his memory through a jarring blow to the head. The Blob temporarily accepts the invitation, but leaves when it is revealed that Magneto has no real concern for the Blob's safety after he is hit by explosives which were launched at the X-Men. He goes back to the Circus. He teams up with Unus due to the alien Lucifer, who soon becomes his confidant. They disguise themselves as X-Men and commit crimes. The Blob also serves as a member of Factor Three. He briefly works as an operative for the Secret Empire, where he fights the Beast. With the reorganized Brotherhood, the Blob fights Professor X and the Defenders. He is reverted to infancy by Alpha the Ultimate Mutant. The Blob is later returned to adulthood, and fights the Champions of Los Angeles.

He later winds up in prison, but is freed by Mystique in order to recruit him into her incarnation of the Brotherhood. He becomes part of the plot to assassinate Senator Kelly, the event which leads to the apocalyptic alternate future of Days of Future Past. He also battles the Avengers as a member of the Brotherhood. With Unus, he battles the Hulk. With the Brotherhood, he battles the X-Men once more. He witnesses the apparent death of Unus, then goes berserk and attacks Spider-Man and the Black Cat.

He remains with the Brotherhood, becoming a special operative of the federal government when the Brotherhood is reformed as the government-sponsored Freedom Force. On the team's first mission, they help capture Magneto. They then battle the X-Men in San Francisco. Blob also participates in Freedom Force's capture of the Avengers for the federal government. With Freedom Force, he attempts to capture Rusty Collins, then battles X-Factor. With Freedom Force, he battles the X-Men in San Francisco, and later assists in the attempt to arrest the X-Men in Dallas, battling the New Mutants in Dallas as well. He battles X-Factor again, and under Spiral's orders, he and Pyro battle Daredevil in an attempt to capture a young mutant. He again attempts to arrest Rusty Collins, fighting the New Mutants again. He joins Avalanche and Pyro in attacking Avengers headquarters. With Freedom Force, he finally captures Rusty Collins and fellow New Mutant Skids. He helps to capture Cable, but is defeated by Cable and then by Sunspot during an attempt to recapture Cable. With Freedom Force, he assists in thwarting a jailbreak from the Vault.

After Freedom Force's dissolution, the Blob participates in other versions of the Brotherhood, including one led by Toad and another led by Professor X; the Blob takes over as leader of the latter when Xavier leaves.

The psychic entity Onslaught later recruits Blob, vastly upgrading his powers and abilities (in his powered-up state, his mutation becomes virtually identical to that of Phat). During this time, the Blob fights the various members of X-Force and is soundly defeated in each encounter. Months later, a powered-down Dukes joins the new Brotherhood led once again by Mystique, alongside Toad, Sabretooth, and the daughter of the original Mastermind.

When Exodus recreates the Brotherhood of Mutants, Blob offers to join but is quickly dismissed by Exodus, who considers him useless. This is a major blow to Dukes' already weak self-esteem, for which he seeks the counsel of therapist Sean Garrison. After a session, Blob attacks the Xavier Institute, though he is defeated by the combined efforts of the New Mutants and the Hellions. He is then arrested by S.H.I.E.L.D.

Post M-Day
Due to the Scarlet Witch's depowering of 90% of Earth's mutants, the Blob is one of the thousands to lose their power, though his epidermis does not shrink to compensate for his loss of mass, leaving him with huge folds of loose skin. The depressed Blob attempts to commit suicide, but his skin folds prevent him from cutting through to any major blood vessels on his throat or wrists.

Someone that resembles the Blob is seen apprehended by the Thunderbolts and is seen in the Folding Castle's Detention Quadrant.

Blob later resurfaces as a member of X-Cell, a group of depowered mutants that blames the government for the loss of their powers, attacking Mutant Town in defiance of the Decimation. After mistakenly getting into a fight with Rictor and Multiple Man and getting in a cheap shot on Rictor, he stole a car. With fellow X-Cell member Fatale, he attempted to flee, eventually hitting an open manhole (left open earlier in the day by Strong Guy and Wolfsbane) and causing the car to crash leaving Blob hanging from the car. When both of them ran afoul of Marrow, Blob was thrown from the car.

Through unknown means, Dukes loses the excess skin and his fortunes turn in his favor. Now known as Freddie Dukes, he has become a weight-loss guru in Japan, and is to star in an upcoming movie filmed in San Francisco made by Kingo Sunen. He is also seen with Magneto and the High Evolutionary.

In the miniseries "Magneto: Not a Hero", Joseph is resurrected under unknown circumstances and forms a new Brotherhood of Mutants with Astra and mutated deformed versions of Blob, Mastermind, Quicksilver, Scarlet Witch, and Toad. It is soon revealed that these actually are clones created by Joseph.

In Uncanny X-Men #16, Fred Dukes is working with Mystique in Genosha and is once again shown as heavily obese and appears to have his powers restored. Mystique has supplied him with Mutant Growth Hormones (MGH) extracted from Dazzler.

Powers and abilities
The Blob's mutant physiology grants him a number of advantages. He had superhuman strength, endurance, and great resistance to physical injury. The Blob's elastic, blubbery skin is difficult to penetrate by gunfire, missiles, and even Wolverine's claws, though with sufficient force and a favorable angle, the claws can lacerate his flesh. On one occasion, a concentrated optic blast fired by Cyclops was sufficient to puncture a hole through his shoulder, much to the shock of Dukes himself. The magic swords of both Black Raazer and the Arabian Knight were able to harm him.

He could also alter his personal mono-directional gravity field beneath himself to make himself virtually immovable as long as he was in contact with the ground, although an incredible force can uproot him, along with a chunk of whatever he is standing on. The only beings on record to have been able to move the Blob against his wishes are the Hulk, Juggernaut, and Strong Guy (powered-up near his limit by absorbing kinetic energy), although Colossus has managed to lift Dukes by digging underground and raising the piece of earth Dukes stands on, stating this as an exception to his immovability. Magneto once was able to move the Blob by lifting the ground under the Blob's feet via metal pipes. Despite his appearance, the Blob's speed and agility are those of a fairly athletic male of normal stature, a fact which frequently catches his opponents by surprise.

The Blob's superhuman strength greatly increased over the years, in a manner similar to that of the Thing. This improvement is said to be a result of his ongoing mutation.

The Blob is vulnerable to attacks directed at his face, as his eyes, nose, mouth, and ears do not have the same protection as the rest of his body. Dukes is also susceptible to psionic attacks and psychic manipulation, and he can be incapacitated by sensory assaults; for example, Banshee was able to render Blob unconscious solely through the use of his sonic scream. On another occasion, Sleepwalker defeated the Blob by using warp beams to wrap a steel girder around the villain, crushing his blubber and causing him great physical pain. The Hulk once took the opposite approach, harming the Blob by grabbing and stretching his flab. While he is all but invulnerable to direct kinetic attacks, such as punches, kicks or gunshots, he is susceptible to concussions and other harm resulting from sufficiently powerful impacts, as Daredevil knocked him out by luring him underneath a massive bell and then having it dropped on him with the aid of a young female mutant.

Dukes can be incapacitated by drinking alcohol, although due to his immense mass, a large amount of alcohol is required.

Other versions

Age of Apocalypse
Blob appears briefly in the Age of Apocalypse as a test subject that Henry McCoy was toying with in the Breeding Pens in a direct violation of the Kelly Pact that Apocalypse signed in order to keep the Human High Council occupied and at bay while he rallied his forces.

McCoy considered Blob's mutation useless which enraged Blob. Dukes freed himself, and attacked his experimenter. Havok came to McCoy's rescue, but Dukes proved to be even too much for the Prelate to handle. His pseudo freedom was fleeting because moments later the head of the pens, Havok's older brother Cyclops, showed up to deliver a searing optic blast that would put him back in his place.

When the Age of Apocalypse was revisited in the 10th anniversary, Blob was a member of Sinister's team known as Sinister Six. It appears that McCoy or Sinister himself had his powers altered in a manner that allowed Blob to project his gravitational field outward. When the Sinister Six met the X-Men in battle, Dukes' new powers were used to sweep the X-Men off their feet with the Silver Samurai receiving a double dose. Quicksilver attempted to fell the behemoth with multiple punches, but Dukes remained standing regardless of how many hits he got in. It was not until Rogue stepped in with a punch that had the power necessary to overtake him that the mammoth would topple over. Following the Sinister Six's defeat, Blob managed to escape.

Later he's seen as a member of the Black Legion, a group of psychotic altered mutants under the supervision of a now insane Weapon X. It is also revealed that he left the Age of Apocalypse timeline and joined Archangel's quest to become the new heir of Apocalypse. He's seen in Akkaba Metropolis under the North Pole and he was the one to prevent the escape of Psylocke.

In the "Final Execution Saga" story line in Uncanny X-Force, Fredrick is part of a new Brotherhood of Evil Mutants led by Daken with the aim of taking down X-Force and turning Evan Sabahnur into a new Apocalypse. During the saga the X-Force team is captured and tortured after Nightcrawler from the Age of Apocalypse universe betrays the team, to get his revenge on Fredrick due to him eating his wife Linda. Kurt seemingly succeeds in his goal of revenge by teleporting a live shark into Fredrick's stomach during a fight with him, causing him to be devoured from within.

Cable & Deadpool
Deadpool's search for Cable across alternate timelines forces an encounter with the Blob of "an age of Apocalypse" (not to be confused with the X-Men story arc of the same name). In this reality, Blob has taken the mantle of Famine, one of the Horsemen of Apocalypse.

House of M
Put in an internment camp after Bolivar Trask's rise to power in the House of M reality, he was freed in Magneto's first major raid on US soil. After being freed, he first took his mutant name, "Blob" and was instrumental in the destruction of several Sentinels. He then joined Magneto's mutant group. Blob is seen as a member of the Genoshan Black Ops version of the Marauders. It was later revealed that Dukes is also a member of an NYPD strike team called the Brotherhood.

Marvel Noir
Eric Magnus is Chief of Detectives and Fred appears as a member of his Brotherhood, a cabal of bent policemen. He is initially partnered with rookie Detective Peter Magnus, and later with Detective Mortimer Toynbee.

Marvel Zombies
Blob appears twice in the Marvel Zombies universe. He is alive when first encountered, but being pursued by several zombie versions of Marvel characters, including Pyro, Black Cat, Iron Fist, Toad and Rhino. He is later seen as a zombie fighting the X-Men.

Ultimate Marvel

The Ultimate Universe version of Blob, real name Franklin Dukes, is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutant Supremacy. His powers are similar to that of his Earth-616 counterpart, although he has been moved by a helicopter during the Weapon X saga, suggesting that he may be less powerful. He seems to eat constantly, and is often seen browsing the internet or chatting to people via instant messaging. One such incident sees the Blob pretend to be a female model/physicist named Naomi who cyber-seduces the X-Man Beast—leading to the discovery of Magneto's survival and to the Ultimate War saga. Unlike his Earth-616 counterpart, the Blob may very well have additional superhuman-eating powers as part of his mutation, as not only has he threatened to actually eat his enemies alive, but it was expressly stated that he had personally consumed all of the Weapon X computers in a matter of moments when the Brotherhood invaded the Weapon X compound to rescue the X-Men. In Ultimatum, the Blob is seen eating the Wasp, proving the cannibalistic claims are true. However, Hank Pym grows to a gigantic size and bites the Blob's head off in return.

It has been revealed that Blob was Liz Allan's estranged genetic father after she discovered her own mutant abilities. He impregnated Liz's mother while working for a circus sideshow. It has also been shown that the Blob fathered a son (Theodore "Tubby Teddy" Allan) by an unknown woman. Teddy is in high school and has his father's same bulky appearance and similar abilities, as he was shot at point blank range and merely said "It tickles". He later joins Quicksilver's new Brotherhood as the new iteration of Blob.

Planet X
Blob is an enforcer on the alternate universe when the Apocalypse Twins skew the time lines and create a mutant utopia.

Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows
In the second volume of Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows, Blob is seen as a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants.

Age of X-Man
In the alternate universe created by Nate Grey in Age of X-Man, Blob is the leader of the X-Tremists. This version of Fred Dukes is a dramatic departure from previous representations; he is "soft-hearted, bookish, kind and gentle". Blob has romantic feelings for his teammate Betsy Braddock. According to X-Tremists writer Leah Williams, "My hope in removing the villainy aspects of his character for X-tremists was to make people confront how they feel about fatness in general by utilizing an intriguing aspect of AoX: there is no bodily prejudice."

In other media

Television
 The "massive, immovable Blob" makes a brief appearance in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "The Prison Plot" where he was among the mutants that Magneto tries to free from prison.
 The Blob appears as a member of Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutants in the 1989 animated pilot X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men, voiced by Alan Oppenheimer.
 The Blob appears in several episodes of the 1990s X-Men animated series, voiced by Robert Cait. Blob, Pyro and Avalanche serve as henchmen for Mystique.
 A teenage version of the Blob is a regular character in the animated series X-Men: Evolution, voiced by Michael Dobson. Despite his bullying nature, he is shown to have a sensitive side and self-esteem issues. He is a classmate of some of the X-Men at Bayville High, initially nursing a crush on Jean Grey but consistently resenting her relationship with Scott Summers. As in the comics, Blob was working as a strongman in a Texas sideshow when approached by the X-Men to join their team. Instead, he was reeled in by Mystique before the X-Men get the chance to approach him. In the end of the series, in Professor Xavier's prophetic vision of the future, Blob and the rest of the Brotherhood joins S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Freedom Force.
 The Blob first appears in the Wolverine and the X-Men episode "Hindsight" Pt. 2, voiced by Stephen Stanton. He is seen as a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants and is first seen freeing Toad from the police.

Film

 The Blob is included as a character in an earlier script for the first X-Men film written by Andrew Kevin Walker in 1994.
The Blob is played by Kevin Durand in the film X-Men Origins: Wolverine. As a mutant with superhuman strength and durability, Fred Dukes was once part of Team X, composed of himself, Logan, Victor Creed, William Stryker, Agent Zero, Chris Bradley, John Wraith, and Wade Wilson. After the team disbands, the once-muscular and formidable mutant soldier developed an eating disorder and became extremely obese. Wraith now has him in training like a boxer to lose weight. Wraith warns Logan not to make fun of his weight, but Logan taunts Dukes, and when he calls him "Bub", Dukes mishears this as "blob" and starts fighting him. Dukes' mass absorbs Logan's blows, giving him the upper hand until he accidentally stuns himself with a headbutt to Logan's adamantium-reinforced skull, allowing Logan to knock him out by slamming his elbow onto Dukes' head. Once revived, Dukes reveals that Creed and Stryker are working together, capturing mutants and experimenting on them, having allegedly learned the information from Agent Zero. In a deleted scene included in the DVD release, it is revealed that Creed managed to subdue Dukes and interrogated him for information on Logan's whereabouts.
Fred J. Dukes / The Blob, portrayed by wrestler "Giant" Gustav Claude Ouimet, later appeared in X-Men: Apocalypse. He is a defeated opponent to Warren Worthington III / Angel during the time in which the latter was a cage-fighter. This is made possible by the altered-timeline which the films now follow since the events of X-Men: Days of Future Past.

Video games
 The Blob is the Stage 2 Boss in the 1992 X-Men arcade game, loosely based on Pryde of the X-Men. He returns in stage 7 as the first of five sub-bosses inside Asteroid M. It is here that he utters the memorable quote "Nothing moves the Blob!", which has been made into an internet meme by websites such as YTMND and Something Awful.
 The Blob is an enemy in the 2001 game X-Men: Reign of Apocalypse.
 The Blob appears in the PlayStation game X-Men: Mutant Academy 2, where he makes a cameo appearance in the background of the poolside stage, bobbing from left to right in the swimming pool outside the academy.
 The Blob is an unlockable playable character in the 2002 game X-Men: Next Dimension.
 The Blob is a boss in the 2004 game X-Men Legends, voiced by Mark Klastorin. He is a member of the Brotherhood of Mutants and is first seen assisting Mystique in capturing Alison Crestmere during the game's opening cinematic. At the end of the first mission, Wolverine and Cyclops catch up to Blob and defeat him rescuing Alison. He later reappears during the mission aboard the USS Arbiter. He distracts the human soldiers guarding Magneto's prison, allowing Mystique to free Magneto. Shadow King also has a Dark Blob when the X-Men were on the Astral Plane. When Havok starts objecting to Magneto's latest plan, Blob subdues him.
 Blob only makes a brief appearance as a NPC in X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse, voiced by Peter Lurie. He helps the team on Genosha by keeping the water from going in through the hole in the wall caused by a bomb while the player disarms the other bombs. Afterwards, he helps the X-Men defeat some Energy Demons and Scavengers. When they are defeated, the player has Blink teleport Blob to the Sanctuary.
 Blob appears as a boss in the X-Men Origins: Wolverine video game, voiced by Gregg Berger. In the PS3, Xbox 360 and PC versions he takes residence in a grocery store in Elgin, Illinois. In the Wii and PS2, version the player fights him in a boxing ring in Las Vegas.
 Blob was featured as a boss in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
 Blob appears in the MMORPG Marvel Heroes, voiced by Fred Tatasciore.
 Blob appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced again by Stephen Stanton. In a bonus mission at Fogwell's Gym, Wolverine and Jean Grey are looking for new recruits to help the X-Men battle Magneto and his Brotherhood to get back the Tessaract they stole from X-Mansion. Blob is the only available guy they could find, but he has his objections to it. Wolverine and Jean Grey forge different foods from Lego pieces which tire out Blob which forces him to surrender and accept their proposal.
 Blob appears as an enemy in the X-Men virtual pinball game for Pinball FX 2 released by Zen Studios.
 Blob is featured as playable character in the Smartphone Game Marvel Puzzle Quest released by D3 Go!.

Books
 In the X-Men/Star Trek crossover novel Planet X, Wolverine programs the holodeck of the Enterprise-E to simulate the Blob (along with Sabretooth, Unus the Untouchable, and Juggernaut) for him and Worf to fight.

Toys
 Blob is a build-a-figure in the Marvel Legends Series of 6 inch action figures.
 The X-Men: Evolution version of Blob was released as an action figure, with an accessory of truck grilles attached to chains- a reference to his introduction story in the series, where he was working as an attraction in a Monster Truck show.
 The 90s X-Men toy line contained a Blob figure which came with a chicken leg and a ham as accessories.
 Blob was included in a Deluxe Twin Pack along with Sabertooth as part of the X-Men Origins: Wolverine line of 3.75 inch figures.

References

External links
 The Blob at Marvel.com

Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1964
Fictional attempted suicides
Fictional characters from Texas
Fictional circus performers
Fictional henchmen
Fictional secret agents and spies
Male film villains
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics film characters
Marvel Comics male supervillains
Marvel Comics mutants
X-Men supporting characters
Havok is a middleware software suite developed by the Irish company Havok. Havok provides a physics engine component and related functions to video games.

In September 2007, Intel announced it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire Havok Inc. In 2008, Havok was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for advancing the development of physics engines in electronic entertainment. In October 2015, Microsoft announced it had acquired Havok.

Products
The Havok middleware suite consists of the following modules:

 Havok Physics: It is designed primarily for video games, and allows for real-time collision and dynamics of rigid bodies in three dimensions. It provides multiple types of dynamic constraints between rigid bodies (e.g. for ragdoll physics), and has a highly optimized collision detection library. By using dynamical simulation, Havok Physics allows for more realistic virtual worlds in games. The company was developing a specialized version of Havok Physics called Havok FX that made use of ATI and NVIDIA GPUs for physics simulations; however, the goal of GPU acceleration did not materialize until several years later.
Havok AI: In 2009, Havok released Havok AI, which provides advanced pathfinding capabilities for games. Havok AI provides navigation mesh generation, pathfinding and path following for video game environments.
 Havok Cloth: Released in 2008, Havok Cloth deals with efficient simulation of character garments and soft body dynamics.
 Havok Destruction (discontinued): Also released in 2008, Havok Destruction provides tools for creation of destructible and deformable rigid body environments.
Havok Animation Studio (discontinued): Havok Animation Studio is formally known as Havok Behavior and Havok Animation. Havok Behavior is a runtime SDK for controlling game character animation at a high level using finite state machines. Havok Animation provides efficient playback and compression of character animations in games, and features such as inverse kinematics.
 Havok Script (discontinued): Havok Script is a Lua-compatible virtual machine designed for video game development. It is shipped as part of the Havok Script Studio.
 Havok Vision Engine (discontinued): On August 8, 2011, Havok announced their acquisition of German game engine development company Trinigy and their Vision Engine and toolset.

Platforms
Version 1.0 of the Havok SDK was unveiled at the Game Developers Conference (GDC) in 2000. The Havok SDK is multi-platform by nature and is always updated to run on the majority of the latest platforms. Licensees are given access to most of the C/C++ source-code, giving them the freedom to customize the engine's features, or port it to different platforms although some libraries are only provided in binary format. In March 2011, Havok showed off a version of the Havok physics engine designed for use with the Sony Xperia Play, or more specifically, Android 2.3. During Microsoft's //BUILD/ 2012 conference, Havok unveiled a full technology suite for Windows 8, Windows RT , Windows Phone 8 and later Windows 10.

Usage

Video games
Since the SDK's launch in 2000, it has been used in over 600 video games.

Other software
Havok can also be found in:
Futuremark's 3DMark2001 and 03 benchmarking tools
a plug-in for Maya animation software
Valve's Source game engine uses VPhysics, which is a physics engine modified from Havok

Havok supplies tools (the "Havok Content Tools") for export of assets for use with all Havok products from Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya, and (formerly) Autodesk Softimage. Havok was also used in the virtual world Second Life, with all physics handled by its online simulator servers, rather than by the users' client computers. An upgrade to Havok version 4 was released in April 2008 and an upgrade to version 7 started June, 2010.
Second Life resident Emilin Nakamori constructed a weight-driven, pendulum-regulated mechanical clock functioning entirely by Havok Physics in March 2019.

References

External links
 

2000 software
Computer physics engines
Microsoft software
Middleware for video games
Video game development software
Video game engines
Virtual reality Havok is an American thrash metal band from Denver, Colorado, formed in 2004. As of 2021, their current lineup consists of David Sanchez (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar), Pete Webber (drums) and Reece Scruggs (lead guitar). They have gone through a number of personnel changes, with each album featuring a different lineup, and leaving Sanchez as the only remaining original member left in the band.

To date, Havok has released five studio albums – Burn (2009), Time Is Up (2011), Unnatural Selection (2013), Conformicide (2017) and V (2020) – and they are working on new music as of 2021. Along with Bonded by Blood, Evile, Hatchet, Municipal Waste and Warbringer, the band has been credited for leading the so-called "thrash metal revival" scene in the late 2000s and early 2010s, and their music has been mostly influenced by the 1980s thrash metal scene as well as the New wave of British heavy metal, death metal, hardcore punk and progressive rock/metal.

History 
David Sanchez formed Havok with classmate and drummer, Haakon Sjoegren. The duo searched for a lead guitarist by putting up fliers around the Denver area, and local guitarist Shawn Chavez joined the band. Eventually, they rounded out their first lineup with Marcus Corich on bass, and in 2004, Havok recorded their first demo, "Thrash Can". In 2005, they self-released another EP, "Murder by Metal". By 2007, Tyler Cantrell had taken up the role as bassist, and Rich Tice on drums. On September 19, with this new line-up in place, Havok released their first self-released EP, "Pwn 'Em All". Tyler's brother, Justin Cantrell - also a bassist, replaced him for several tours in support of the EP.

In December 2007, Havok, having just hired drummer Ryan Bloom that fall, sent a copy of their EP and a press kit to any metal label they could find. The EP caught the ear of English extreme metal label, Candlelight Records, and soon after the band agreed to join them. Havok hired new bassist, Jesse De Los Santos, in the fall of 2008. On June 2, 2009, Havok released their full-length debut,  Burn. However, Ryan Bloom left the band in April before the release of "Burn". To replace him, they briefly went on the road with Scott Fuller, but they eventually hired Pete Webber as the full-time drummer. Burn was received quite well in the metal community, but it did not yet break them into the global metal scene. The band was set to begin touring with Primal Fear on May 20, 2010, at New York's Gramercy Theater, but guitarist Shawn Chavez quit the band the same day. Instead of jumping ship, Sanchez took up learning all the solos, and Havok toured as a trio. In September 2010, Winchester, VA shredder Reece Scruggs joined the band as their new lead guitarist. Havok then returned to the studio to record their sophomore effort. On March 29, 2011, Havok released Time Is Up. This spread through the metal community, receiving strong reviews from critics and fans alike. It became a defining album in what has come to be known as the New Wave of Thrash Metal scene. The success of Time Is Up has led the band to major tours opening for bands like thrash metal veterans Forbidden, alongside Revocation and White Wizzard; as well as tours opening for Sepultura, Death Angel, Anthrax, The English Dogs, the Casualties, Goatwhore, 3 Inches of Blood, Skeletonwitch, and Exhumed. 2012 was wrapped up for the band by playing the first Barge to Hell cruise featuring bands At the Gates, Behemoth, Mayhem, Possessed, Exodus, and Sacred Reich to name a few.

After over a year of heavy touring, Havok returned home to Denver with plans to record their next album. Havok was invited to open for Testament's 'Dark Roots of Thrash' tour at their Denver show after Overkill was forced to drop from the tour due to singer Bobby "Blitz" Ellsworth falling ill. Fans were introduced to Havok's new bassist, Mike Leon (previously of Tampa, Florida metallers the Absence), after Jesse left the band to spend time with family. Havok began recording their newest album in the spring of 2013. Unnatural Selection was released on June 25, 2013, and in its first week charted on the Billboard top 200 at No. 154 selling over 2,500 copies. Shortly after the release, the band went to Bogota, Colombia to play the Rock Al Parque festival, playing to an estimated 45,000 people. The festival also included Cannibal Corpse and Symphony X. The band set out on a 50 plus day headline tour to support "Unnatural Selection" with dates that lead up to the Montreal, Canada festival Heavy MTL on August 11. Unnatural Selection was the band's last release on Candlelight Records and on July 11, the band signed with Century Media Records.

On April 30, 2015, founding lead guitarist Shawn Chavez died at age 30.

On September 22, 2015, the band announced that they had parted ways with bassist Mike Leon (who had joined Soulfly), and had replaced him with Nick Schendzielos from Cephalic Carnage and Job for a Cowboy. That same month, it was announced that Havok had been working on their fourth studio album, Conformicide, which was released on March 10, 2017.

On May 17, 2018, the band announced the dates for the North American tour beginning on July 13 and ending on August 5. Jungle Rot and Extinction A.D. were also seen along.

In a July 2018 interview with Sonic Perspectives, Sanchez stated that Havok was going to "stop touring soon" and begin writing a new album, which he had hoped would be released by the summer of 2019. The album, titled V, was released on May 1, 2020, and is their only release with new bassist Brandon Bruce. On August 2, 2021, Bruce announced via Instagram account that he had left Havok, explaining: "As of a couple weeks ago I have officially left Havok. This is something I thought a lot about and is what I believe is the best decision for myself and the band. I wish them all the best both professionally and personally in the future. I would like to thank everyone that enjoyed what I was able to do with them musically."

On August 3, 2021, Metal Storm reported that Havok has "reportedly" been working on new material.

Band members 

Current members
 David Sanchez – lead vocals, rhythm guitar 
 Pete Webber – drums 
 Reece Scruggs – lead guitar, backing vocals 

Former members

 Marcus Corich – bass 
 Tyler Cantrell – bass 
 Haakon Sjoegren – drums 
 Shawn Chavez – lead guitar 
 Richie Tice – drums 
 Justin Cantrell – bass, backing vocals 
 Ryan Alexander Bloom – drums 
 Scott Fuller – drums 
 Jesse de los Santos – bass, backing vocals 
 Mike Leon – bass, backing vocals 
 Nick Schendzielos – bass, backing vocals 
 Brandon Bruce – bass 

Live musicians
 Steven Sanchez – drums 
 Dan Gargiulo – lead guitar 
 Todd Stern – lead guitar 
 Marshall Wieczorek – drums 

Timeline

Discography

Albums

Demos

EPs

Singles

Music videos 
 "Morbid Symmetry" (2009)
 "Covering Fire" (2011)
 "D.O.A." (2011)
 "Point of No Return" (2013)
 "From the Cradle to the Grave" (2013)
 "Give Me Liberty... Or Give Me Death" (2013) 
 "Worse Than War" (2013)
 "Chasing the Edge" (2014)
 "Intention to Deceive" (2017)
 "Phantom Force" (2020)

References

External links

2004 establishments in Colorado
American speed metal musical groups
American thrash metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2004
Musical groups from Denver
Musical quartets
Political music groups
Heavy metal musical groups from Colorado