Mae Jemison Science and technology What types of science and technology did Mae use? 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and has been working to develop a portable device that allows mobile monitoring of the involuntary nervous system. Has the device been commercially implemented yet? BioSentient has obtained the license to commercialize NASA's space-age technology known as Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise ( Has BioSentient worked to develop any other types of technology? BioSentient is examining AFTE as a treatment for anxiety, nausea, migraine and tension headaches, chronic pain, hypertension and hypotension, and stress-related disorders." Has the company released anything recently? I don't know. Who else did Jemison work with at the company? I don't know.
What types of things did the Center for Excellence get involved with?
What types of things did the Center for Excellence get involved with?
Jemison is a Professor-at-Large at Cornell University and was a professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002. Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science. She sees science and technology as being very much a part of society, and African-Americans as having been deeply involved in U.S. science and technology from the beginning. She has been a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the Association for Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Additionally, she served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992. In 1993 Jemison founded her own company, the Jemison Group that researches, markets, and develops science and technology for daily life. Jemison founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother. "My parents were the best scientists I knew," Jemison said, "because they were always asking questions." One of the projects of Jemison's foundation is The Earth We Share (TEWS), an international science camp where students, ages 12 to 16, work to solve current global problems, like "How Many People Can the Earth Hold" and "Predict the Hot Public Stocks of The Year 2030." The four-week residential program helps students build critical thinking and problem solving skills through an experiential curriculum. Camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines, Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites around the United States. TEWS was introduced internationally to high school students in day programs in South Africa and Tunisia. In 1999, TEWS was expanded overseas to adults at the Zermatt Creativity and Leadership Symposium held in Switzerland. In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and has been working to develop a portable device that allows mobile monitoring of the involuntary nervous system. BioSentient has obtained the license to commercialize NASA's space-age technology known as Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a patented technique that uses biofeedback and autogenic therapy to allow patients to monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for anxiety and stress-related disorders. BioSentient is examining AFTE as a treatment for anxiety, nausea, migraine and tension headaches, chronic pain, hypertension and hypotension, and stress-related disorders." In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship. CANNOTANSWER
The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission, during which she orbited the Earth for nearly eight days on September 12–20, 1992.

Born in Alabama and raised in Chicago, Jemison graduated from Stanford University with degrees in chemical engineering as well as African and African-American studies. She then earned her medical degree from Cornell University. Jemison was a doctor for the Peace Corps in Liberia and Sierra Leone from 1983 until 1985 and worked as a general practitioner.  In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA.

Jemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the 100 Year Starship project funded by DARPA. Jemison also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She holds several honorary doctorates and has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.

Early life and education
Mae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, on October 17, 1956, the youngest of three children of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Jemison (). Her father was a maintenance supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school teacher of English and math at the Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois. The family first lived in Woodlawn and later the Morgan Park neighborhoods. Jemison knew from a young age that she wanted to study science and someday go into space. The television show Star Trek and, in particular, African-American actress Nichelle Nichols' portrayal of Lieutenant Uhura further stoked her interest in space.

Jemison enjoyed studying nature and human physiology, using her observations to learn more about science. Although her mother encouraged her curiosity and both her parents were supportive of her interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers. When Jemison told a kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she wanted to be a nurse. Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the Apollo missions also frustrated Jemison. She later recalled, "everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being  irritated that there were no women astronauts."

Jemison began studying ballet at the age of 8 or 9 and entered high school at 12 years old, where she joined the cheerleading team and the Modern Dance Club. Jemison had a great love for dance from a young age. She learned several styles of dance, including African and Japanese, as well as ballet, jazz, and modern dance. As a child, Jemison had aspirations of becoming a professional dancer. At the age of 14, she auditioned for the leading role of Maria in West Side Story. She did not get the leading role but was selected as a background dancer.

After graduating from Chicago's Morgan Park High School in 1973, Jemison entered Stanford University at the age of 16. Although she was young to be leaving home for college, Jemison later said it did not faze her because she was "naive and stubborn enough". There were very few other African-American students in Jemison's classes and she continued to experience discrimination from her teachers. In an interview with The Des Moines Register in 2008, Jemison said that it was difficult to go to Stanford at 16 but that her youthful arrogance may have helped her; she asserted that some arrogance is necessary for women and minorities to be successful in a white male dominated society.

At Stanford, Jemison served as head of the Black Students Union. She also choreographed a musical and dance production called Out of the Shadows. During her senior year in college, she struggled with the choice between going to medical school or pursuing a career as a professional dancer after graduation; she graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a B.S. degree in chemical engineering. and B.A. degree in African and African-American studies.  While at Stanford, she also pursued studies related to her childhood interest in space and first considered applying to NASA.

Medical career 
Jemison attended Cornell Medical School and during her training, traveled to Cuba, to conduct a study funded by American Medical Student Association and to Thailand, where she worked at a Cambodian refugee camp. She also worked for Flying Doctors stationed in East Africa. During her years at Cornell, Jemison continued to study dance by enrolling in classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After graduating with an M.D. degree in 1981, she interned at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center in 1982, and worked as a general practitioner for Ross–Loos Medical Group.

Jemison joined the staff of the Peace Corps in 1983 and served as a medical officer until 1985. She was responsible for the health of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Jemison supervised the Peace Corps' pharmacy, laboratory, medical staff as well as providing medical care, writing self-care manuals, and developing and implementing guidelines for health and safety issues. She also worked with the Centers for Disease Control helping with research for various vaccines.

NASA career 

Upon returning to the United States after serving in the Peace Corps, Jemison settled in Los Angeles, California. In Los Angeles, she entered into private practice and took graduate level engineering courses. The flights of Sally Ride and Guion Bluford in 1983 inspired Jemison to apply to the astronaut program. Jemison first applied to NASA's astronaut training program in October 1985, but NASA postponed selection of new candidates after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Jemison reapplied in 1987 and was chosen out of roughly 2,000 applicants to be one of the fifteen people in the NASA Astronaut Group 12, the first group selected following the destruction of Challenger. The Associated Press covered her as the "first black woman astronaut" in 1987. CBS featured Jemison as one of the country's "most eligible singles" on Best Catches, a television special hosted by Phylicia Rashad and Robb Weller in 1989.

Jemison's work with NASA before her shuttle launch included launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and verification of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). On September 28, 1989, she was selected to join the STS-47 crew as Mission Specialist 4 and was also designated Science Mission Specialist, a new astronaut role being tested by NASA to focus on scientific experiments.

STS-47 

Jemison flew her only space mission from September 12 to 20, 1992, on STS-47, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, as well as the 50th shuttle mission. Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space and orbited the earth 127 times. The crew was split into two shifts with Jemison assigned to the Blue Shift. Throughout the eight day mission, she began communications on her shift with the salute "Hailing frequencies open", a quote from Star Trek. Jemison took a poster from the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater along with her on the flight. She also took a West African statuette and a photo of pioneering aviator Bessie Coleman, the first African American with an international pilot license.

STS-47 carried the Spacelab Japan module, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan that included 43 Japanese and United States life science and materials processing experiments. Jemison and Japanese astronaut Mamoru Mohri were trained to use the Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a technique developed by Patricia S. Cowings that uses biofeedback and autogenic training to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for motion sickness, anxiety and stress-related disorders.

Aboard the Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce water for injection, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She then used IV bags and a mixing method, developed by Baxter Healthcare, to use the water from the previous step to produce saline solution in space. Jemison was also a co-investigator of two bone cell research experiments. Another experiment she participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the eggs and then see how tadpoles developed in zero gravity.

Resignation from NASA 
After her return to Earth, Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993 with the intention of starting her own company. NASA training manager and author Homer Hickam, who had trained Jemison for her flight, later expressed some regret that she had departed.

Post-NASA career 

Jemison served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, she founded The Jemison Group Inc., a consulting firm which considers the sociocultural impact of technological advancements and design. Jemison also founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother. One of the projects of the foundation is The Earth We Share, a science camp for students aged 12 to 16. Founded in 1994, camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines, Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites in the United States, as well as internationally in South Africa, Tunisia, and Switzerland. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation also sponsors other events and programs, including the Shaping the World essay competition, Listening to the Future (a survey program that targets obtaining opinions from students), Earth Online (an online chatroom that allows students to safely communicate and discuss ideas on space and science), and the Reality Leads Fantasy Gala.

Jemison was a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002 where she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries. In 1999, she also became an Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science. She is a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the Association of Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and obtained the license to commercialize AFTE, the technique she and Mohri tested on themselves during STS-47.

In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.

In 2018, she collaborated with Bayer Crop Science and National 4-H Council for the initiative named Science Matters which was aimed at encouraging young children to understand and pursue agricultural sciences.

Books 
Jemison's first book, Find Where the Wind Goes (2001), is a memoir of her life written for children. She describes her childhood, her time at Stanford, in the Peace Corps and as an astronaut. School Library Journal found the stories about her earlier life to be the most appealing. Book Report found that the autobiography gave a realistic view into her interactions with her professors, whose treatment of was not based on her intelligence but on stereotypes of woman of color.

Her A True Book series of four children's books published in 2013 is co-authored with Dana Meachen Rau. Each book in the series has a "Find the Truth" challenge, true or false questions answers to which are revealed at the end of the story. School Library Journal found the series to be "properly tantalizing surveys" of the Solar System but criticized the inclusion of a few outdated theories in physics and astronomy.

Public profile 

LeVar Burton learned that Jemison was an avid Star Trek fan and asked her if she would be interested in being on the show. In 1993, Jemison appeared as Lieutenant Palmer in "Second Chances", an episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, becoming the first real-life astronaut to appear on Star Trek.

From 1999 to 2005, Jemison was appointed an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.

Jemison is an active public speaker who appears before private and public groups promoting science and technology. "Having been an astronaut gives me a platform," says Jemison, "but I'd blow it if I just talked about the Shuttle." Jemison uses her platform to speak out on the gap in the quality of health-care between the United States and the Third World, saying that "Martin Luther King [Jr.]... didn't just have a dream, he got things done." Jemison has also appeared as host and technical consultant of the science series World of Wonder which aired on the Discovery Channel from 1994 to 1998.

In 2006, Jemison participated in African American Lives, a PBS television miniseries hosted by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., that traces the family history of eight famous African Americans using historical research and genetic techniques. Jemison found to her surprise that she is 13% East Asian in her genetic makeup. She also learned that some of her paternal ancestors were slaves at a plantation in Talladega County, Alabama.

Jemison participated in the Red Dress Heart Truth fashion show, wearing Lyn Devon, during the 2007 New York Fashion Week to help raise money to fight heart disease. In May of the same year, she was the graduation commencement speaker and only the 11th person in the 52-year history of Harvey Mudd College to be awarded an honorary D.Eng. degree.

On February 17, 2008, Jemison was the featured speaker for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first sorority established by African-American college women. Jemison paid tribute to Alpha Kappa Alpha by carrying the sorority's banner with her on her shuttle flight. Her space suit is a part of the sorority's national traveling Centennial Exhibit. Jemison is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.

Jemison participated with First Lady Michelle Obama in a forum for promising girls in the Washington, D.C. public schools in March 2009.

In 2014, Jemison also appeared at Wayne State University for their annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Tribute Luncheon. In 2016, she partnered with Bayer Corporation to promote and advance science literacy in schools, emphasizing hands-on experimentation.

She took part in the Michigan State University's lecture series, "Slavery to Freedom: An American Odyssey," in February 2017. In May 2017, Jemison gave the commencement speech at Rice University. She discussed the 100 Year Plan, science and education and other topics at Western Michigan University also in May 2017.

In 2017, LEGO released the "Women of NASA" set, with minifigures of Jemison, Margaret Hamilton, Sally Ride, and Nancy Grace Roman. The Google Doodle on March 8, 2019 (International Women's Day) featured a quote from Jemison: "Never be limited by other people's limited imaginations."

Personal life 
Jemison built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern jazz and African dance.

In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest. She was pulled over by Nassau Bay police officer Henry Hughes for allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison for a speeding ticket. In the process of arresting her, the officer twisted her wrist and forced her to the ground, as well as having her walk barefooted from the patrol car into the police station. In her complaint, Jemison said the officer physically and emotionally mistreated her. Jemison's attorney said she believed she had already paid the speeding ticket years ago. She spent several hours in jail and was treated at an area hospital after release for deep bruises and a head injury. The Nassau Bay officer was suspended with pay pending an investigation, but the police investigation cleared him of wrongdoing. She filed a lawsuit against the city of Nassau Bay and the officer.

Honors and awards 

 1988 Essence Science and Technology Award
 1990 Gamma Sigma Sigma Woman of the Year
 1991 McCall's 10 Outstanding Women for the 90s
 1992 Johnson Publications Black Achievement Trailblazers Award
 1992 Ebony Black Achievement Award
 1993 National Women's Hall of Fame
 1993 Ebony magazine 50 Most Influential women
 1993 Kilby Science Award
 1993 Montgomery Fellow, Dartmouth College
 1993 People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World"
 1993 Turner Trumpet Award
 2002 listed among the 100 Greatest African Americans according to Molefi Kete Asante
 2002 Texas Women's Hall of Fame inductee
 2003 Intrepid Award by the National Organization for Girls
 2004 International Space Hall of Fame
 2005 The National Audubon Society, Rachel Carson Award
 2017 Buzz Aldrin Space Pioneer Award
 2019 Florida Southern College Honorary Chancellor
 2021 Sylvanus Thayer Award from the United States Military Academy

Institutions 
 1992 Mae C. Jemison Science and Space Museum, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago, Illinois
 1992 Mae C. Jemison Academy, an alternative public school in Detroit, Michigan
 2001 Mae Jemison School, an elementary public school in Hazel Crest, Illinois
 2007 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy, a public charter school in Baltimore, Maryland (closed in 2013)
 2010 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore, Maryland
 2013 Jemison High School, Huntsville, Alabama

Honorary doctorates 
 1991 Doctor of Letters, Winston-Salem College, North Carolina
 1991 Doctor of Science, Lincoln College, Pennsylvania
 2000 Doctor of Humanities, Princeton University
 2005 Doctor of Science, Wilson College, North Carolina
 2006 Doctor of Science, Dartmouth College
 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Harvey Mudd College
 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 2008 Doctor of Humanities, DePaul University
 2009 Doctor of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of NYU
 2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, Florida Southern College

Filmography 
 Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993) – Lieutenant Palmer, episode "Second Chances"
 Susan B. Anthony Slept Here (1995) – herself
 Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond (1996) – herself
 The New Explorers (1998) – episode "Endeavor"
 How William Shatner Changed the World (2005) – herself
 African American Lives (2006) – herself
 No Gravity (2011) – herself
 The Real (2016) – herself

Publications 
 
 
 She contributed the piece "Outer Space: The Worldly Frontier" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.

See also 
 List of African-American astronauts

References

Further reading 
 Blue, Rose J. Mae Jemison: Out of this World, Millbrook Press, 2003 – 
 Burby, Liza N. Mae Jemison: The First African American Woman Astronaut, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1997 – 
 Canizares, Susan. Voyage of Mae Jemison, Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999 – 
 Ceaser, Ebraska D. Mae C. Jemison: 1st Black Female Astronaut, New Day Press, 1992.
 Polette, Nancy. Mae Jemison, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2003 – 
 Sakurai, Gail. Mae Jemison: Space Scientist, Scholastic Library Publishing, 1996 – 
 Yannuzzi, Della A. Mae Jemison: A Space Biography, Enslow Publishers, 1998 –

External links 

 Biography at NASA
 
 
 
 Mae Jemison  – Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
 "Stories of Atlanta – Boldly Going ... And Taking Stuff"

1956 births
African-American women aviators
African-American aviators
African-American physicians
African-American scientists
American bioengineers
American primary care physicians
American women physicians
Engineers from Illinois
Living people
NASA civilian astronauts
Peace Corps volunteers
People from Chicago
People from Decatur, Alabama
People from Houston
Physician astronauts
Physicians from Alabama
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
Women astronauts
Writers from Alabama
African-American women physicians
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST; ) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is an organization established in 1977 as the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science & Technology (SANCST); in 1985, it was renamed King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.

History
In 1977, the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology (SANCST) was established, with Prof. Rida M.S. Obaid being the president. This center was created as an independent scientific organization that is responsible for the promotion of science and technology in Saudi Arabia. However, the name was later changed to King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST). In 1987, KACST has joined the International Council for Science (ICSU) as a National Member.

In 1984, Abdul Rahman Al-Athel was named as the President of the city. In 2007, Mohammed Ibrahim Al-Suwaiyel, who used to be the KACST vice president for research, became the president. HH Dr. Turki Al Saud is the KACST vice president.

Organization

Institutes
The research complex is divided into the following research institutes:

Atomic Energy Research Institute
Computer and Electronics Research Institute
Petroleum and Petrochemical Institute
Energy Research Institute
Resource and Development Institute
Astronomy and Geophysics Institute
Space Research Institute

Centers
KACST has many different research centers, including:

GIS Innovation Center
National Center for Nano Technology Research
The National Robotics and Intelligent Systems Center
The National Center for Water Research
The National Center of Mathematics & Physics
Technology Development Center
The National Center for Astronomy
The National Center for Biotechnology
The National Center for Agricultural Technologies
The National Centre Environmental Technology
The National Center for Radiation Protection
The National Center for Radioactive Waste Management
Center of Excellence for Wireless Applications - CEWA (Working with Intel)
Center of Excellence for Software Development (Working with IBM)
Saudi Lunar and Near-Earth Object Science Center (Working with NASA)
Center of Excellence for Space and Aeronautics (Working with Stanford University)
Center of Excellence for Wildlife Research (Working with the Saudi Wildlife Authority)
Center of Excellence for Nanotechnology (Working with IBM)
Center of Excellence for Nanotechnology Manufacturing (Working with Intel)
Center of Excellence for Green Nanotechnology (Working with UCLA)
Center of Excellence for Bionanotechnology (Working with Northwestern University)
Center of Excellence for Nanomedicines (Working with UCSD)
Center for Excellence in Biomedicine (Working with Brigham and Women's Hospital)
Media Center
Middle East Center for Energy Efficiency (Working with Intel)
Joint Center for Genomics (Working with Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Advanced Sensors & Electronics Defense (ASED) Center
Center for Complex Engineering System - CCES (Working with MIT)

Programs
KACST is now working in the following programs:

National Satellite Technology Program
National ECP Program
National Program for Advanced Materials and Building Systems
National Program for Automobile Technology
Aviation Technology National Program

Projects

The National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan
The National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (NSTIP) is a collaboration between the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and the Ministry of Economy and Planning. This program was approved by the Council of Ministers in 2002. This program has fifteen strategic technologies that will help the future development of Saudi Arabia.

These plans are: Water, Oil and Gas, Petrochemicals Technology, Nanotechnologies, Biotechnology, Information Technology, ECP (Electronics, Communications, Photonics), Space and Aeronautics Technology, Energy, Advanced Materials, Environment, Mathematics and Physics, Medical and Health, Agricultural Technology, Building and Construction

King Abdullah's Initiative for Arabic Content
 is a project that aims to provide high-quality Arabic contents in all disciplines. To achieve this goal, KACST started to work with the local and international organizations. For example:
Nature Arabic Edition: KACST has collaborated with the Macmillan Publishers to translate Nature journal into Arabic. The print issues are freely available to qualified subscribers. Also, the contents of this journal will be available online for free.
Wiki Arabi (): This is another project initiated by King Abdullah's Initiative for Arabic Content. This project aims to improve the content of the Arabic Wikipedia by translating the high-quality articles from other languages of Wikipedia such as English, French and Hebrew Wikipedia. The first Wiki Arabi event was in 2010, where over 2000 articles were translated into Arabic. The second Wiki Arabi was in 2012.

Nuclear technology

In 1988, KACST starts planning to develop nuclear technology in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, KACST decided to open the Atomic Energy Research Institute (AERI). This Institute will help Saudi Arabia to develop the nuclear power along with King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy. The AERI has four different departments: Radiation Protection Department, Industrial Applications, Nuclear Reactors and Safety, and a Materials Department

Scientific achievements
 KACST's Space Research Institute has designed some satellites that are used in scientific purposes. Such as: SaudiSat 5A,5B, SaudiComSat-1, SaudiGeo-1 and the Geostationary Satellite SGS-1 ( 1/Hellas Sat 4) and Arabsat-6A which was recently launched on 4 February 2019.
 In 2006, KACST signed a collaboration agreement with CERN to participate in the construction of LINAC4 project. KACST engineers constructed a warm prototype of it. This prototype was then qualified at CERN. And now, KACST is working build up a high-energy physics community to participate in future CERN programs.
 In September 30, 2008, KACST funded the science team of Gravity Probe B, helping them to complete the project.
 In 2012, KACST announced the first electrostatic accelerator in Saudi Arabia. This accelerator has been designed by the National Center of Mathematics and Physics.
 In April 2013, KACST announced the creation of WaferCatalyst, which is a Multi-project Wafer (MPW) consolidation initiative, which aims to promote Integrated circuit design and related technologies in Saudi Arabia and surrounding regions.

Information Technology Unit (ITU)
Information Technology requirements for research center and city staff is fulfilled by the ITU section situated in building No. 1.

Internet proxy for Saudi Arabia
The King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology operates the Internet backbone in Saudi Arabia as well as the local registry address space. According to RIPE, "all Saudi Arabia web traffic will come from [the] IP block" registered to KACST.

See also
 Communication in Saudi Arabia
 Censorship in Saudi Arabia
 List of things named after Saudi Kings

References

External links
 
The National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan website 
King Abdullah's Initiative for Arabic Content 
KACST high resolution logo (text in black)
KACST high resolution logo (text in white)
GIS Innovation Center 

1977 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Government agencies established in 1977
Science and technology in Saudi Arabia
Scientific organisations based in Saudi Arabia
Government agencies of Saudi Arabia
Organisations based in Riyadh
Members of the International Council for Science
Members of the International Science Council
Censorship in Saudi Arabia A center of excellence (COE) is a team, a shared facility or an entity that provides leadership, best practices, research, support and/or training for a focus area.

Due to its broad usage and vague legal precedent, a "center of excellence" in one context may have completely different characteristics from another. The focus area might be a technology (e.g. Java), a business concept (e.g. BPM), a skill (e.g. negotiation) or a broad area of study (e.g. women's health). A center of excellence may also be aimed at revitalizing stalled initiatives. The term may also refer to a network of institutions collaborating with each other to pursue excellence in a particular area. (e.g. the Rochester Area Colleges Center for Excellence in Math and Science). In contrast, in the European defense community, the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats is a response to hybrid warfare on its periphery; the COE seeks to inform, and also protect its non-NATO components, as well as its non-PESCO members.

Organizations 
Within an organization, a center of excellence may refer to a group of people, a department or a shared facility. It may also be known as a competency center or a capability center. Stephen Jenner and Craig Kilford, in Management of Portfolios, mention COE as a coordinating function which ensures that change initiatives are delivered consistently and well, through standard processes and competent staff. In technology companies, the center of excellence concept is often associated with new software tools, technologies or associated business concepts such as Service-oriented architecture or business intelligence.

Academia 
In academic institutions, a center of excellence often refers to a team with a clear focus on a particular area of research; such a center may bring together faculty members from different disciplines and provide shared facilities.

Australia
In Australia, the Australian Research Council (ARC) funds a competitive grant program for Centres of Excellence which link a number of institutions within the country and internationally in a specific field of research. New centres are funded every three years and each run for seven years.

2020-2027:

 ARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society 
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course 
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics
 ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems

2017-2024:

 ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology

2014-2021:

 ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
 ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrated Coral Reef Studies
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers of Big Data, Big Models, New Insights
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis

2011-2018

 ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid System
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Geotechnical Science and Engineering
 ARC Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-Scale
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Wall Biology
 ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology
 ARC Centre of Excellence for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems

2004/5-2013

 ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation (CCI)
 ARC Centre for Complex Systems

Philippines
In the Philippines, a center of excellence (COE) is a certification given by the Commission on Higher Education to departments within a higher education institution (e.g. a college within a university) which "continuously demonstrates excellent performance in the areas of instruction, research and publication, extension and linkages and institutional qualifications". Candidates for this certification are referred as centers of development (CODs) by the education body.

Russia

In Russia, the Center of Excellence status (in Russian it is used notion Leading scientific school) is granted by the Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation since 1996. To obtain the COE status, a group of scientists, usually based on a department at a university or a laboratory at an academic institute, and its leader should have a high scientific reputation and should submit an application, which presents a plan of scientific and educational work for the period of two years, to the Council. The Council issues a special certificate of the COE status to the leader of the group.

Business
Walmart is designating certain employee healthcare venues as Centers of Excellence. In 2013 several regions of the country (Dallas-Fort Worth; Northern Arkansas; Orlando, FL) Walmart is offering employees free treatment when they use the designated Centers of Excellence. Treatments are administered to covered employees, who travel to the Centers, along with a caregiver, for a course of treatment at the Center. Depending on the budgetary outcome, Walmart will be sharing its operational results with other employers, as a method of controlling its healthcare costs.

Ford Motor Company has announced a battery center of excellence, meant to centralize a cross-functional team to accelerate the development of battery and battery cell technology. Electrical batteries would then serve as the basis for all-electric vehicles. The Center of Excellence is called Ford Ion Park.

Northrup Grumman has invested in its Manned Aircraft Design Center of Excellence in Melbourne, Florida. This investment uses modeling and simulation tools at the Center of Excellence which predict the performance of its test-bed aircraft, as a method for reducing risk during the process of developing the B-21.

Huntington Ingalls Industries is building out an Unmanned Systems Center of Excellence, which is working on Boeing's project for the Navy's Extra Large Unmanned Undersea Vehicle.

Similarly Alliant Techsystems, Otis Elevator, Alcoa, Greatbatch, and GE have all used Centers of Excellence as organizational mechanisms to gain economies of scale, when discovering and sharing efficiencies of operation.

Healthcare 
In the healthcare sector, the term often refers to a center that provides sufficient and easily accessible medical services to patients.
 
In the NHS, the term is almost always used sarcastically, following its popularisation by Dr Peter Gooderham on the Doctors.net.uk fora. It can often be heard being used to describe tertiary centres by staff working in district general hospitals.

United States Army 

The Army maintains a Center of Excellence (CoE) at major training installations and other locations:
  Acquisition COE - Huntsville, Alabama
  Aviation COE - Fort Rucker, Alabama
  Cyber COE - Fort Gordon, Georgia
  Fires COE - Fort Sill, Oklahoma
  Human Resource COE - Fort Knox, Kentucky 
  Initial Military Training COE - Fort Eustis, Virginia
  Intelligence COE - Fort Huachuca, Arizona
  Maneuver COE - Fort Benning, Georgia
  Maneuver Support COE Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri
  Medical COE - Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), Texas
  Mission Command COE - Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 
  NCO Leadership COE - Fort Bliss, Texas
  Space and Missile defense CoE - Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado
  Special Operations COE - Fort Bragg, North Carolina
  Sustainment COE - Fort Lee, Virginia

TRADOC oversees ten of these Centers of Excellence, each focused on a separate area of expertise within the Army. These centers train over 500,000 Soldiers and service members each year.

See also 

 Homeland Security Centers of Excellence
 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance, U.S. Pacific Command
 Rochester Area Colleges Center for Excellence in Math and Science
 Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units
 US Army Sustainment Center of Excellence
 European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats
 Institute of Air Navigation Services (IANS) – ATM training and e-learning

References 

Organizational structure
Medical and health organizations
Scientific organizations
Scientific terminology