Chimú culture Expansion
What city did the Chimu expand their territory in?
What city did the Chimu expand their territory in?
The mature Chimu culture developed in roughly the same territory where the Mochica had existed centuries before. The Chimu was also a coastal culture. It was developed in the Moche Valley north of present-day Lima, northeast of Huarmey, and finishing in central present-day Trujillo. Later, it expanded to Arequipa.  The Chimu appeared in the year 900: Chimor, also known as the Kingdom of Chimor, had its capital "at the great site now called Chanchan, between Trujillo and the sea, and we may assume that Taycanamo founded his kingdom there. His son, Guacri-caur, conquered the lower part of the valley and was succeeded by a son named Nancen-pinco who really laid the foundations of the Kingdom by conquering the head of the valley of Chimor and the neighboring valleys of Sana, Pacasmayo, Chicama, Viru, Chao and Santa."  The estimated founding date of the last Chimu kingdom is in the first half of the 14th century. Nacen-pinco was believed to have ruled around 1370 and was followed by seven rulers whose names are not yet known. Minchancaman followed these rulers, and was ruling around the time of the Inca conquest (between 1462 and 1470). This great expansion is believed to have occurred during the late period of Chimu civilization, called: Late Chimu, but the development of the Chimu territory spanned a number of phases and more than a single generation. Nacen-pinco, "may have pushed the imperial frontiers to Jequetepeque and to Santa, but conquest of the entire region was an agglutinative process initiated by earlier rulers." (17)  The Chimu expanded to include a vast area and many different ethnic groups. At its peak, the Chimu advanced to the limits of the desert coast to the valley of the Jequetepeque River in the north. Pampa Grande in the Lambayeque Valley was also ruled by the Chimu.  To the south, they expanded as far as Carabayallo. Their expansion southward was stopped by the military power of the great valley of Lima. Historians and archeologists contest how far south they managed to expand. CANNOTANSWER
conquering the head of the valley of Chimor and the neighboring valleys of Sana, Pacasmayo, Chicama, Viru, Chao and Santa."
Chimu Airfield or NAB Chimu is a former World War II airfield on the Pacific coast of Okinawa. The airfield was inactivated after October 1945.

History

World War II
The Chimu Wan area was captured during the first week of the Battle of Okinawa. The Chimu Wan area was surveyed for possible airbase construction in late April 1945 and the Seabees of the 40th CB commenced construction of a fighter airstrip there on 6 May. Despite periodic Japanese mortar and sniper fire, by 1 July 1945 the base with its 5000 ft runway was ready for use by US Navy fighters.

Marine Aircraft Group 22 (MAG-22) was based at Chimu in September 1945.

Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) was based at Chimu from 1 July 1945 until moving to Yokosuka for occupation duty on 12 October 1945, MAG-31 squadrons included VMF-224 and VMF-311 operating F4Us.

VMF(N)-533 flying the radar-equipped Grumman F6F-5N Hellcat operated night defense missions; their new Grumman F7F Tigercats arrived on Okinawa too late to see combat.

VMB-612 operating PBJ-1D and PBJ-1Js was based at Chimu from July until the end of the war. The squadron conducted anti-ship operations including use of the Tiny Tim rocket.

A seaplane base at Chimu was established in July 1945. On 14 July VPB-208 operating PBM-5s deployed to Chimu, they were followed by VPB-26 operating PBM-5s on 15 July, VPB-22 operating PBM-3Ds on 16 August and VPB-205 operating PBM-5s on 25 on August. The  and  provided tender support.

VPB-13 operating Consolidated PB2Y Coronados was based at Chimu from 1–22 September 1945.

The seaplane base was disestablished after it was destroyed by typhoons in September and October 1945.

Post war
Post war the base was repurposed by USN Mobile Construction Battalions 3, 9 and 11.  On September 20 1965 the base was reopened by the United States Marine Corps as Camp Hansen.

See also
Camp Hansen
Yonabaru Airfield

References

External links
 http://www.vmb612.com

Airfields of the United States Navy
Airfields in the Pacific theatre of World War II
Japan campaign
Military installations closed in the 1940s
Closed installations of the United States Navy The Huaca La Esmeralda is an archaeological building belonging to the Chimu culture, is located in the Peruvian city of Trujillo. It is estimated that the adobe construction was done during the first stage of development of the Chimu culture, in close link with the capital Chan Chan. It occupies an area of approximately 2,600 square meters.

Chimú shrine
It is said the Huaca La Esmeralda could have been the palace of a great Chimú lord of the Mansiche area. Its architecture has three terraces adorned with zoomorphic and geometric figures (diamonds) all in relief, has a fairly steep ramp that connects its two levels.

Huaca meaning ceremonial cup.  Huaca La Esmeralda translates as the ceremonial cup of Esmeralda.  With little archaeological study done at this site, it seems unclear as to who Esmeralda was and how it was given that name.

See also
Iperu, tourist information and assistance
Tourism in Peru
Huaca del Sol
Chan Chan
Huaca del Dragón

References

Further reading
Kubler, George. (1962). The Art and Architecture of Ancient America, Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia Ltd., pp. 247–274

External links 
 Location of Huaca Esmeralda in Trujillo city (Wikimapia)
 UNESCO World Heritage Center: Chan Chan
 History Channel Classroom: Chan Chan
 Chan Chan information 
 Chan Chan - Chimu's Desert City (Flash)
 Heavy Rains Threaten Ancient City in Northern Peru
 Archaeologists Restore High Adobe Walls in Ancient Chimu City of Chan Chan

Former populated places in Peru
Archaeological sites in Trujillo, Peru
Archaeological sites in Peru The Valley of Moche, or Valley of Santa Catalina, is a large area of the La Libertad Region in northern Peru surrounding the Moche River. It has been farmed since the pre-Columbian era and currently contains rural and urban settlements. Trujillo is the most important city of the valley. It is now the location of several towns and agricultural areas where products such as sugarcane and asparagus are cultivated. The irrigation of its lands is part of the Chavimochic hydraulic engineering project.

History
The pre-Columbian cultures Moche and Chimu emerged here. The Mochicas applied their knowledge of Hydraulic engineering and developed cultivation techniques in the valley and then on the arid coastline of northern Peru. Their culture flourished from 100 AD to 500 AD.

The Chimu developed later, rising from 900 AD to 1370 AD, when they were conquered by the Inca.

Agriculture
It is a territory made fertile by the presence of the Moche river.  One of the techniques applied in the valley is planting "wachaques" - wells dug to find water near the sea. "Totora" reeds (Scirpus californicus) were able to adapt to the brackish waters.

Major products cultivated in the valley are:

Livestock include cattle, horses, alpaca, sheep and Llama.

Notable places
Some interesting places in the valley are:

See also

External links
Location of Moche valley (Wikimapia)
San Jose Festival

Multimedia
  in Trujillo city (Peru).

References

Geography of Trujillo, Peru
Valleys of La Libertad Region