Ryan Dunn Death How did he die? operating his vehicle under the influence of alcohol, operating his vehicle at an excessive speed and violently veering off a road and into a tree, How old was he? Dunn turned 34 nine days prior. Did they find out how fast he was going? between 132 and 140 miles per hour
Were there any passengers?
Were there any passengers in the vehicle?
On June 20, 2011, at around 3:30 a.m. EDT, Dunn and Zachary Hartwell, a production assistant on Jackass Number Two, were killed when Dunn's Porsche 911 GT3 veered off the road, hit a tree, and burst into flames in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Dunn turned 34 nine days prior. He was buried at Highland Drive Cemetery, Brecksville, Ohio.  Hours before the crash, Dunn had posted a photo to his Twitter account of himself and Hartwell drinking at a West Chester bar. Dunn was identified in the police report as the vehicle's driver, and a subsequent toxicology report showed Dunn had a blood alcohol level of 0.196 g/dL - more than twice the state's maximum legal limit of 0.08%. The police report stated "speed may have been a contributing factor in the crash" and preliminary investigations suggested the car had been traveling between 132 and 140 miles per hour (212 and 225 km/h) in a 55 miles per hour (89 km/h) zone.  In August 2012, the parents of Zachary Hartwell filed a civil suit in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, naming the co-administrators of Dunn's estate as defendants, along with Barnaby's West Chester, the Pennsylvania bar where Dunn drank prior to the fatal crash. The suit claims negligence and recklessness, as well as wrongful death in the incident that killed 30-year-old Hartwell.  The plaintiffs claim that Mr. Dunn displayed negligence and recklessness in failing to have his vehicle under adequate and proper control, operating his vehicle under the influence of alcohol, operating his vehicle at an excessive speed and violently veering off a road and into a tree, among other alleged transgressions. They are seeking unspecified punitive and compensatory damages, as well as interest, court costs and "delay damages as the law may allow." CANNOTANSWER
Zachary Hartwell
Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American stunt performer, television personality, actor, comedian, and one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass and its film franchise.

Dunn rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of the CKY crew with his long-time friend Bam Margera, with whom he performed extreme stunts and pranks and recorded them on video, which led to the rise of Jackass. He also hosted the TV series Homewrecker and Proving Ground, and appeared in the feature films Blonde Ambition and Street Dreams, as well as in Margera's films Haggard and Minghags. Dunn died in a car crash in 2011 at the age of 34.

Early life
Dunn was born in Medina, Ohio, and spent much of his childhood in Brecksville, Ohio. He grew up in Williamsville, New York, before moving to West Chester, Pennsylvania, where he went to West Chester East High School and where he met fellow Jackass star Bam Margera on the first day of school.

Career 

Dunn took part in the characteristic stunts that made Jackass famous, and featured in three released films, Jackass: The Movie, Jackass Number Two and Jackass 3D. In 2006, Dunn and Bam Margera participated in the Gumball 3000 road rally in Margera's Lamborghini Gallardo. He later went on a tour with Don Vito called "The Dunn and Vito Rock Tour" for which the DVD was released on March 20, 2007. Dunn and Margera again participated in the rally in 2008.

Bam Margera stated during a December 2, 2008, radio interview with Big O and Dukes of 106.7 WJFK-FM, that he and Dunn would be going to Italy to film Where the F*%# Are My Ancestors. That same month, Dunn appeared on the episode "Smut" of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in December 2008. He is also featured in a movie called Street Dreams which was released in spring 2009. He co-starred along with Rob Dyrdek and Paul Rodriguez Jr. Dunn was also featured on a show with fellow Jackass star Bam Margera about them traveling through Europe in a Viva la Bam-like show called Bam's World Domination for Spike. He appeared in Jackass 3D, which was released on October 15, 2010.

Dunn co-hosted G4's Proving Ground along with Jessica Chobot, which made its premiere on June 14, 2011, six days before his death. However, according to a G4 spokesperson, the channel decided to postpone the airing of further episodes. The spokesperson added, "The show is off the schedule as of today until we discuss next steps." On June 27, G4 announced they would air the remaining episodes starting on July 19, 2011. At the time of his death, Dunn was working on the film Welcome to the Bates Motel. The film was later renamed The Bates Haunting and was released in 2013.

Personal life 
From 2002 to his death, he was in a long-term relationship with Angie Cuturic, who had a part in Margera's directorial debut Haggard: The Movie and later Minghags. Dunn had several tattoos of Cuturic, including in his inner arm and left ring finger.

During shooting of the closing scenes for Jackass Number Two in 2006, Dunn injured his shoulder during one of his final scenes, in which he and co-star Bam Margera are pulled out of shot by a running horse by a rope tied around their feet. Dunn dropped straight onto his shoulder, causing damage to the muscles and leading to a blood clot that was at one point life-threatening, due to its proximity to his heart and brain. While seeking treatment for it and Lyme disease, Dunn became depressed, eventually cutting off all contact with his friends, co-workers, and others for nearly two years, and did not participate in Jackassworld.com: 24 Hour Takeover, or any subsequent events related to the films and series. He eventually returned to the Jackass cast in the production of Jackass 3D and Jackass 3.5 later saying that he was happy to rejoin the cast and had more enjoyment working on Jackass 3D than any previous film endeavors.

Death 

On June 20, 2011, at around 3:30 a.m. EDT, Dunn and Zachary Hartwell, a production assistant on Jackass Number Two, were returning from Barnaby's West Chester, a West Chester bar, in Dunn's Porsche 911 GT3 when Dunn veered off the road and struck a tree, after which the Porsche burst into flames in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Both Dunn, who had turned 34 nine days prior, and 29-year-old Hartwell were killed in the crash. Dunn is buried at Highland Drive Cemetery in Brecksville, Ohio.

Hours before the crash, Dunn had posted a photo to his Twitter account of himself and Hartwell drinking at the bar. He was identified in the police report as the vehicle's driver, and a subsequent toxicology report showed a blood alcohol level of 0.196 g/dL – more than twice the state's legal limit of 0.08%. The police report stated "speed may have been a contributing factor in the crash" and preliminary investigations suggested the car had been traveling between  in a  zone.

Prior to the drunk-driving crash that resulted in his death, Dunn had been convicted for driving under the influence of alcohol, resulting in his completing a treatment program as part of his sentence. "In 2005, Dunn was charged with driving under the influence of alcohol and entered a first-offender program that allowed him to clear his record after a certain period of good behavior," according to Patrick Carmody, Chester County Assistant District Attorney.

Wrongful-death lawsuit 
In August 2012, the parents of Zachary Hartwell filed a civil suit in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, naming the co-administrators of Dunn's estate as defendants, along with Barnaby's West Chester. The suit claims negligence and recklessness, as well as wrongful death in the incident that killed Hartwell.

The plaintiffs claim that Dunn displayed negligence and recklessness in failing to have his vehicle under adequate and proper control, operating his vehicle under the influence of alcohol, operating his vehicle at an excessive speed and violently veering off a road and into a tree, among other alleged transgressions. They are seeking unspecified punitive and compensatory damages, as well as interest, court costs and "delay damages as the law may allow."

Hartwell's parents sought to recover from Dunn's estate the following: the costs of their son's funeral, wages due for his behind-the-scenes and stunt work on various Jackass projects, the projected loss of income from his premature death, pain & suffering, and other damages, but they did not specify an amount. As of February 2022, it is unclear what the resolution of this lawsuit was.

Legacy 
Dunn is remembered by friends and fans alike as the "go-to guy for outrageous stunts that even such stalwarts as Steve-O weren't willing to try" and "the kind of guy who would do anything for a friend," gaining the nickname "Random Hero".

Following the news of his death, Dickhouse Productions and the producers of the show released the following statement:

I don't really know what to say right now everybody, because the sadness is overwhelming, but today we lost one of our own. Our brother Ryan Dunn has passed. He died in a car wreck in West Goshen, Pennsylvania this morning at 3 a.m.
 that's tough to write. Our hearts go out to his family and his beloved Angie. Ryan will be missed and remembered by us all. Thanks for the kind words of support everybody.

Many celebrities expressed their grief and condolences on Twitter, including Sofia Coppola, Tom Green, Carey Hart, Dwayne Johnson, Tony Hawk, and his Jackass cast members.

Kings of Leon also paid homage to Dunn at their London Hyde Park concert by dedicating their song "McFearless" to him. Skrillex dedicated his remix of the song "Cinema" to Dunn after a moment of silence. Alkaline Trio also dedicated their song "Goodbye Forever" to Dunn on their fifteen-year anniversary tour. Singer/songwriter Roger Alan Wade wrote and composed the song "The Light Outlives the Star", while also dedicating it to Dunn. Occasional Jackass member Loomis Fall also wrote the song "Bid Farewell" in memory of Dunn. Both songs were used in a music video tribute by Dickhouse Productions for its official website.

Dunn also came in at number three in top trending searches of 2011 on Google's Zeitgeist report following his death.

On November 28, 2011, MTV aired an hour-long tribute to Dunn, where several details of his life previously unknown to the public were revealed as well as never-before-seen stunts he performed. Dunn's parents, sister, friends and both Jackass and Viva La Bam cast mates recalled his early beginnings to final months.

The 2013 film Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa is dedicated to him.

The 2022 film Jackass Forever included a mid-credits tribute to Dunn.

Filmography

Discography 
The Alter Boys – The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys (2005)

References

External links 

1977 births
2011 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Alcohol-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania
American male film actors
American stunt performers
American television personalities
Burials in Ohio
CKY
People from Chester County, Pennsylvania
People from Medina, Ohio
Pranksters
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
Deaths from fire in the United States
People from Brecksville, Ohio
Gate checking refers to the practice that allows passengers to check in their bags directly at the gate. Gate checking is mostly used on small planes when there isn't enough space to take on board the cabin bags of all passengers.

Some companies offer different incentives for passengers who volunteer to check their bags at the gate instead of taking them on board. Virgin America offered free early boarding to its passengers who offer to gate check their carry-ons.

Airline policies do not allow strollers on board. Passengers travelling with young children can check in their strollers at the gate, free of charge. For each child, airlines allow passengers to check in a stroller and a car seat. Most companies recommend small umbrella-type strollers that fold and many of them have size and weight limits. Almost all airlines return the strollers to the jet bridge upon arriving at destination.

Some companies, such as United Airlines, JetBlue, Southwest Airlines,  assume no liability for any damage produced to gate-checked strollers. For this reason, it is recommended that passengers use Gate Check Bags for strollers and car seats.

See also
Carry-on baggage (in German)

References

Airport infrastructure
Luggage
Aircraft ground handling The Zahro Express disaster occurred on the morning of 1 January 2017 when an Indonesian-flagged wooden passenger vessel caught fire in the waters of Thousands Islands Regency, off the coast of Jakarta. She was travelling from Jakarta's Muara Angke to Tidung Island, a popular tourist destination. The ferry, named as MV Zahro Express, was carrying 216 passengers and 5 crew members. Of the 221 passengers and crews, a total of 24 people on board lost their lives.

The ferry with a destination to Tidung Island was crowded with tourists when the generator on the main deck produced sparks. The generator overheated and caused a fire that managed to spread through the vessel. The crowded condition, aggravated by the lack of emergency exits, poor crew resource management and lack of evacuation plan, caused a pile-up near the vessel’s main access, hampering the evacuation process. The hampered evacuation process caused multiple smoke inhalation and deaths.

The incident was the deadliest ferry disaster in Jakarta since the MV Levina 1 disaster in 2007. Numerous procedural violations were later discovered by the Indonesian police. As such, several officials were summoned and apprehended by the police. The captain was charged for negligence due to “manifest discrepancies”, while the owner of the ferry was only sent a disciplinary note by the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation.

Ship information 

MV Zahro Express was a privately-owned, traditionally-made wooden passenger ferry built in Thousands Islands Regency in 2013. It was conventionally built by local shipbuilders. The designing and production phase was solely based on the shipbuilders’ expertise and was not based on rules that were supposed to be followed by local shipbuilder. The vessel was designed to carry a total of 285 passengers and 5 crew members. There were 2 decks in the vessel, the main deck and the upper deck, with the bridge located at the front of the upper deck. Both decks were connected with stairs located at the back and at the front of the vessel. The engine compartment was located at the lower stern. The main engine, genset, fuel tank, and water tank were all located at the engine compartment. The seats on both decks were made from fiber reinforced plastic. The superstructure was made from various industrial woods.

There were four main access in the ferry. The access of the main deck was located at the front and the back, with the bow access had a width of 77 cm. The upper deck had three main access, of which two were located at the bow and one access, connected directly to the main deck, was located at the stern. The bow access of the main deck and two access of the upper deck would eventually lead the passengers to the forecastle deck.

The vessel was not equipped with an evacuation route, nor was it classified onto the government’s classification board.

Event

Prior to disaster 
Passengers began to board MV Zahro Express as early as 05:00 a.m local time. The crew members then asked permission from local authorities to depart from Muara Angke and was later granted. The manifest ,which was given by the crew to the authorities, listed a total of 100 passengers and 5 crew members on board the ferry. The actual number of passengers on board, however, were over 200 people.

At 07:30 a.m, the Chief Engineer of the ferry turned on the main engine of the ferry. He realized that there were smoke coming out from the engine compartment. As he headed towards the engine compartment, he turned on the outlet fans and discovered that the smoke was produced from a leaking exhaust pipe of the ferry’s generator. The chief engineer then solved the problem by covering the leaking pipe with an asbestos cloth.

MV Zahro Express departed from Muara Angke at 08:15 a.m, with a speed of 10 knots and a destination to Tidung Island. The visibility was excellent and the weather was in very good condition.

Disaster 
The ferry had just departed from Muara Angke for 15 minutes when crew members noticed that there were smoke coming out from the lower left engine compartment, which was located around an electric generator. The crew members then went to the engine compartment to check on the source of the smoke.  The crew then realized that flames had developed around the generator. The Chief Engineer then reported to the Captain on the situation. The engine was stopped and an evacuation order was announced.

Chaos immediately engulfed the entire ferry as the smoke thickened, with screaming and crying could be heard. Passengers on the main deck recalled that visibility deteriorated sharply with the main deck being described as pitch black. Crew members couldn’t contain the crowd as panicking passengers rushed to the exit. As the fire was located at the stern, most of the passengers in the main deck opted to evacuate through the deck’s bow access. Passengers in the upper deck, who noticed that smoke was coming out from the stern, immediately ran to the two main access located at the bow. The main deck and the upper deck bow access would eventually lead the passengers to the forecastle deck. Passengers from the upper deck then poured onto the forecastle deck, many of whom hesitated to jump onto the sea. This caused a pile-up at both decks, far worse in the main deck. Survivors recalled that the fire was very quick and that some explosions were heard. As crew members were busy at saving themselves, the fire wasn’t contained and grew larger. Many passengers didn’t don life jackets and immediately jumped onto the sea.

The rescue operation was swift as there was heavy traffic in the area. Due to the proximity of MV Zahro Express with nearby vessels, many passengers were immediately rescued. As passengers were rescued, the fire managed to intensify and spread to the upper deck. Five minutes after the fire had just started at the lower deck, MV Zahro Express was completely engulfed in flames.

Recovery 
Immediately after the fire was extinguished, rescue personnel towed the burnt wreckage of MV Zahro Express to Muara Angke. She arrived at Muara Angke on 12:30 p.m. Search and rescue personnel then immediately began their work to recover any remains on the vessel. A total of 20 charred bodies were immediately recovered from the vessel. Rescue personnel also managed to recover 4 bodies from the sea, bringing the death toll to 24 people. There were multiple reports that 17 passengers were still missing. As such, rescue personnel deployed divers and more equipment to the area where the ferry had caught fire.

The search and rescue efforts were conducted from 1 January to 8 January. The Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency (BASARNAS) searched a total of 151 nautical square miles of the sea to search for any survivors or remains. Thousands of personnel, including 5 ships and 15 divers, were involved in the operation. As no human remains were recovered from the sea, BASARNAS concluded the search and rescue operation on 8 January.

Casualties 

As the disaster happened on holiday season, most of the passengers were sightseers who were travelling to Tidung Island for vacation. The route was popular among tourists and was frequently used by travel agencies. According to NTSC, the vessel operating the route, MV Zahro Express, was carrying 216 passengers and 5 crew members.  Initially, there were some discrepancies on the exact number of the passengers and crew members on the vessel, as the captain admitted that the crew members didn't count the number of passengers on board. The passenger manifest stated that there were at least 100 passengers on board. In reality, however, there were more than 200 people.The discrepancies on the exact number of passengers and crew members hampered the search and rescue effort.

The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) stated that at least 20 bodies have been found inside the vessel, 4 bodies were recovered from the sea and 17 other passengers were still missing. Officials reported that the missing passengers might have been included in the recovered bodies. Later on, the final tally of the number of victims were 24 deaths and it was revealed that there was no missing passenger. A total of 48 wounded passengers were hospitalized. All of the victims were passengers and no crew members were killed in the incident. By 6 January, all 24 victims have been identified by the police.

Investigation

Cause of fire 
The fire was caused by an overheated generator in the vessel's engine compartment. This was based on eyewitnesses accounts and findings on the burnt generator. An examination on the generator revealed that there were traces of burns on the stator exciter of the generator. Several parts of the stator were found to be a lot darker than the other, suggesting that a generator overheat might have happened. The overheating might have been caused by a short circuit between the stator and the rotor. The rotor, which was not supposed to scrape the stator, had shifted from its initial position due to damage on its bearing. There were also traces of electric sparks on the two electrodes of the generator.

Environmental factors 
Investigation found several contributing factors to the severity of the fire on board the ferry, including the ferry's wooden material, the seating material, and numerous design flaws on the engine compartment and the ferry's superstructure. The fire managed to spread rapidly throughout the ferry's main deck and upper deck.

The engine compartment was consisted of a water tank, a generator, a genset and fuel lines located over the generator. A wooden bearing was placed inside, acting as a seawater filter and cooler. To prevent seawater from entering the compartment, a stuffing box was placed at the generator's stern tube. However, some seawater managed to pore through the barrier. The lower portion of the engine compartment then managed to collect it, forming a contaminated seawater. During the refueling, some fuel managed to drip, creating an oily bilge water. The ferry was equipped with a pump to suck remaining seawater in the compartment. However, the distinct density between fuel and seawater caused the remaining fuel to stick and seep into the floors in the engine compartment.

The lack of ventilation inside the engine compartment caused the temperature to rise. This caused some fuel particles to evaporate. An air tube in the compartment, located directly above the fuel tank, further aggravated the condition. The air tube inside the engine compartment would cause evaporating fuel to mix with oxygen, causing a combustible air. As the generator caught fire, an airtight divider should have prevented the fire from spreading out. The divider was not placed properly, thus the fire managed to spread. The fire could also be immediately contained inside the compartment had the crew installed a quick closing valve on the genset. However, it was not installed. 

Thick smoke rising from the engine compartment then managed to spread into the main deck, causing the temperature to rise. As the ferry was made from industrial woods, the fire managed to burn rapidly. This was worsened by the fibre-reinforced plastic material of the seats and on the interior of the ferry. The lack of fire-fighting equipment on the ferry caused the fire to grow larger.

Evacuation failure 

The fire started at the engine compartment, which was located at the lower stern, directly under the main deck. The engine compartment was connected directly to the main deck. As the generator failed and burst into flames, thick smokes immediately filled the main deck. This immediately caused panic among the passengers in the main deck. NTSC estimated that at the time of the disaster there were around 130 passengers on the main deck. Using pathfinder, investigators managed to reconstruct the evacuation of the passengers during the disaster.

The evacuation started at around 08:35 local time when passengers began to notice that there were thick smokes coming out from the engine compartment. The thickness of the smoke immediately caused panic among the passengers. The engine compartment was located at the back of the main deck and the fire blocked passengers from evacuating through the back door. This caused passengers on the main deck to evacuate through the one and only access at the bow, which had a width of just 77 cm. The narrow access caused a pile-up near the exit.

As passengers on the main deck began to evacuate, passengers on the upper deck also noticed that there were smokes coming out from the main deck. As the smokes came from the back of the deck, the passengers of the upper deck began to evacuate through the deck's two main access on the front. The number of emergency exits on the upper deck made the evacuation of the passengers on the upper deck a lot easier than the main deck. As the bow access of the main deck and the upper deck led the passengers to the forecastle deck, passengers converged on the deck, most were from the upper deck.

Many of the passengers on the forecastle deck didn't jump immediately to the sea, causing a pile-up on both the main deck and the upper deck. Many of the 130 passengers on the main deck, however, had not managed to evacuate from the deck yet. This further worsened the situation as passengers began to scream and push each other. The thick smoke then managed to spread to the entire main deck, causing deterioration on the visibility and causing smoke inhalation injuries.

The Captain of MV Zahro Express claimed that he had ordered his crews to extinguish the flames. However, many of the crews immediately abandoned the ferry and didn't contain the panic. The ferry was also not equipped with an evacuation plan, evacuation route, fire control plan or printed safety and emergency procedure.

Poor training and management failure
Heavy criticisms were launched at the surviving crew members of MV Zahro Express. One survivor reported that one of the crew members of the vessel, who noticed smokes coming from the generator and was supposed to help the passengers to evacuate, immediately evacuated himself and didn’t appropriately handle the crisis. The captain of the vessel immediately abandoned the burning ferry as flames began to develop in the main deck. Panicking passengers were left to handle the crisis all by themselves.

NTSC investigation revealed that the crews didn’t hold any kind of applicable certificates for operating a passenger vessel, not even a competency certificate. All 5 crew members also didn’t hold any basic safety training certificates. The crews were never trained on handling a fire emergency.  Local authorities in Muara Angke claimed that they weren’t informed on the ferry’s departure and claimed that the ferry was an “Illegal vessel”, though this claim was later refuted by NTSC.

Response 
The disaster shocked the public and highlighted Indonesia's poor transportation safety record. It exposed poor supervision on ferries operation and further exposed safety loopholes. As such, there were calls to improve the safety of public transportation. The disaster drew criticisms from politicians and caused a temporary enforcement of stricter laws on ferry operation in Muara Angke.

As reports of several procedural violations began to emerge, the Indonesian police decided to apprehend several crew members for further questioning, including the local authorities who permitted the ferry to depart from Muara Angke. The port master of Muara Angke was immediately fired by the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. In response to the disaster, the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation threatened severe sanctions to the Captain and the crew members. Disciplinary note was sent to both the Captain and the owner of the ferry. On 3 January, the Captain of the ferry, M Nali, was named as the suspect in the disaster.

In the immediate aftermath of the disaster, several politicians visited the survivors and urged the local government to enforce stricter laws and supervision on ferries operation. In response, tighter regulations were immediately implemented days after the disaster.

See also 

 Sinking of MV Sinar Bangun, a ferry disaster in Lake Toba in 2018 that was caused by overloading and passenger manifest discrepancies
 Tampomas II, one of the deadliest ferry fire in Indonesia

Notes

References 

2017 disasters in Indonesia
Ferries of Indonesia
January 2017 events in Malaysia
Maritime incidents in 2017
Maritime incidents in Indonesia
Shipwrecks of Indonesia