Chimú culture Expansion What city did the Chimu expand their territory in? conquering the head of the valley of Chimor and the neighboring valleys of Sana, Pacasmayo, Chicama, Viru, Chao and Santa."
What sort of terrain did the Chimu live on?
What sort of terrain did the Chimu live on?
The mature Chimu culture developed in roughly the same territory where the Mochica had existed centuries before. The Chimu was also a coastal culture. It was developed in the Moche Valley north of present-day Lima, northeast of Huarmey, and finishing in central present-day Trujillo. Later, it expanded to Arequipa.  The Chimu appeared in the year 900: Chimor, also known as the Kingdom of Chimor, had its capital "at the great site now called Chanchan, between Trujillo and the sea, and we may assume that Taycanamo founded his kingdom there. His son, Guacri-caur, conquered the lower part of the valley and was succeeded by a son named Nancen-pinco who really laid the foundations of the Kingdom by conquering the head of the valley of Chimor and the neighboring valleys of Sana, Pacasmayo, Chicama, Viru, Chao and Santa."  The estimated founding date of the last Chimu kingdom is in the first half of the 14th century. Nacen-pinco was believed to have ruled around 1370 and was followed by seven rulers whose names are not yet known. Minchancaman followed these rulers, and was ruling around the time of the Inca conquest (between 1462 and 1470). This great expansion is believed to have occurred during the late period of Chimu civilization, called: Late Chimu, but the development of the Chimu territory spanned a number of phases and more than a single generation. Nacen-pinco, "may have pushed the imperial frontiers to Jequetepeque and to Santa, but conquest of the entire region was an agglutinative process initiated by earlier rulers." (17)  The Chimu expanded to include a vast area and many different ethnic groups. At its peak, the Chimu advanced to the limits of the desert coast to the valley of the Jequetepeque River in the north. Pampa Grande in the Lambayeque Valley was also ruled by the Chimu.  To the south, they expanded as far as Carabayallo. Their expansion southward was stopped by the military power of the great valley of Lima. Historians and archeologists contest how far south they managed to expand. CANNOTANSWER
At its peak, the Chimu advanced to the limits of the desert coast to the valley
Chimu Airfield or NAB Chimu is a former World War II airfield on the Pacific coast of Okinawa. The airfield was inactivated after October 1945.

History

World War II
The Chimu Wan area was captured during the first week of the Battle of Okinawa. The Chimu Wan area was surveyed for possible airbase construction in late April 1945 and the Seabees of the 40th CB commenced construction of a fighter airstrip there on 6 May. Despite periodic Japanese mortar and sniper fire, by 1 July 1945 the base with its 5000 ft runway was ready for use by US Navy fighters.

Marine Aircraft Group 22 (MAG-22) was based at Chimu in September 1945.

Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) was based at Chimu from 1 July 1945 until moving to Yokosuka for occupation duty on 12 October 1945, MAG-31 squadrons included VMF-224 and VMF-311 operating F4Us.

VMF(N)-533 flying the radar-equipped Grumman F6F-5N Hellcat operated night defense missions; their new Grumman F7F Tigercats arrived on Okinawa too late to see combat.

VMB-612 operating PBJ-1D and PBJ-1Js was based at Chimu from July until the end of the war. The squadron conducted anti-ship operations including use of the Tiny Tim rocket.

A seaplane base at Chimu was established in July 1945. On 14 July VPB-208 operating PBM-5s deployed to Chimu, they were followed by VPB-26 operating PBM-5s on 15 July, VPB-22 operating PBM-3Ds on 16 August and VPB-205 operating PBM-5s on 25 on August. The  and  provided tender support.

VPB-13 operating Consolidated PB2Y Coronados was based at Chimu from 1–22 September 1945.

The seaplane base was disestablished after it was destroyed by typhoons in September and October 1945.

Post war
Post war the base was repurposed by USN Mobile Construction Battalions 3, 9 and 11.  On September 20 1965 the base was reopened by the United States Marine Corps as Camp Hansen.

See also
Camp Hansen
Yonabaru Airfield

References

External links
 http://www.vmb612.com

Airfields of the United States Navy
Airfields in the Pacific theatre of World War II
Japan campaign
Military installations closed in the 1940s
Closed installations of the United States Navy "A Sort of Homecoming" is a song by Irish rock band U2, and is the opening track on their 1984 album, The Unforgettable Fire. A live version of the track is found on 1985's four-track EP, Wide Awake in America.

Composition
As the opening track on The Unforgettable Fire, "A Sort of Homecoming" epitomises the new direction U2 had taken. A far more atmospheric album than the previous overt-rock of War, the album has a rich and orchestrated sound. Like much of the album, the song replaces the hard-hitting martial drum sound of War with a subtler polyrhythmic shuffle, and the guitar is no longer as prominent in the mix.

On the War Tour and leading up to recording The Unforgettable Fire, U2 lead singer and lyricist, Bono, had become a voracious reader. He read fiction, philosophy and poetry, and came to realise that his song-writing mission—which up to that point had been a reluctant one on his behalf—was a poetic one. He read works of poet Paul Celan, whose line "poetry is a sort of homecoming" inspired not just the song's title but the song itself. Celan's profound spiritual doubt contrasts with U2 members' previous religious certainties. The song's line "on borderlands we run...and don't look back" suggests the band had become more comfortable with the contradictions between rock and religious beliefs in comparison to during the October-War period. The phrase, "poetry is a sort of homecoming" had additional significance for Bono as a singer who was constantly away from home and travelling.

According to bassist Adam Clayton, Bono's vocals for the song were re-recorded at the last minute. The band had worked overnight to finish The Unforgettable Fire by 8 a.m. on the final day of the recording sessions so producer Daniel Lanois could deliver the tapes for mastering. As they listened back to the song, Bono said that he wanted to record another take of his vocals. With his taxi to the airport waiting outside, Lanois relented and cued up the tapes, allowing Bono one final take. Lanois told the band that he would mix it at the mastering studio in London and then departed.

"A Sort of Homecoming" is in the key of D. The song has a tempo of 118 beats per minute.

Video
A film of U2 on tour in Northern Europe in October–November 1984 was made to accompany a live version  of the song, which was used as a television video to promote The Unforgettable Fire album, showing the band on the road travelling through London, in France and the Low Countries, and in performance at several venues, including the Westfalenhalle in Dortmund, West Germany, returning across the North Sea by ferry boat to the British Isles at the song's conclusion.

Influence
Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin wrote for Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time  the section on U2, saying: "I don't buy weekend tickets to Ireland and hang out in front of their gates, but U2 are the only band whose entire catalogue I know by heart. The first song on The Unforgettable Fire, "A Sort of Homecoming", I know backward and forward—it's so rousing, brilliant and beautiful. It's one of the first songs I played to my unborn baby." Pearl Jam have covered the song on numerous occasions with lead singer Eddie Vedder often playing it by himself on guitar.

Live performances
The live premiere of "A Sort of Homecoming" came during The Unforgettable Fire Tour on 17 September 1984. When played live, the song would start with just The Edge playing while Bono sang. After the first verse, the rest of the band would join in. 

It was performed regularly on the rest of The Unforgettable Fire Tour, typically after "The Electric Co.", and was played occasionally on the first two legs of the next tour, The Joshua Tree Tour. It was dropped from the band's live set on 27 June 1987 and did not reappear again until the second leg of the Elevation Tour in 2001.

It was played live again for the first time in 14 years during the band's homecoming gig at Slane Castle in Ireland on 25 August 2001, however the performance didn't go well with Bono struggling to recall its original lyrical construction. It made only one more Elevation Tour appearance, when at a concert at the Oakland Arena on 16 November 2001 a fan was invited up on stage by the band to perform on an acoustic guitar, and he began playing the song impromptu. U2 played along but Bono's recollection of the lyrics was even worse than at the Slane Castle gig three months earlier, with him admitting as much mid-song to the audience, and he re-coursed to improvised word-play instead, during which he cited Van Morrison's work as a source of inspiration for the song originally. A Sort of Homecoming was not performed again until opening night of The Joshua Tree Tour 2017, where it has been performed occasionally in alternation with "Bad."

A live version of the track is found on 1985's four-track EP, Wide Awake in America. It is also the only song with lyrics inside the sleeve for the album.

Personnel
Bono – lead vocals
The Edge – guitar, backing vocals
Adam Clayton – bass guitar
Larry Mullen Jr. – drums

See also
List of covers of U2 songs - A Sort of Homecoming

Notes

References
 
 
 Parra, Pimm Jal de la U2 Live: A Concert Documentary, 1996, Harper Collins Publishers,

External links
 A Sort of Homecoming's performance history at U2-Vertigo-Tour.com - Lists all known performances of "A Sort of Homecoming".

1984 songs
U2 songs
Songs written by Bono
Songs written by the Edge
Songs written by Adam Clayton
Songs written by Larry Mullen Jr. The Foundation of Trujillo is an example of Spanish colonial expansion that took place in the area known today as the Valley of Moche in northern Peru. The exact date of Trujillo's foundation is still in dispute; according to historian Napoleón Cieza Burga it is November 1534.

Pre-Columbian cultures
A variety of native peoples lived in the Valley of Moche before the Spanish colonization. The Moche people were assimilated by the Chimu, who in turn were assimilated by the Inca, who were ultimately conquered by the Spanish. The Spanish conquistadors arrived in the area of what is today the city of Huanchaco, and found it inhabited by the indigenous people who worked as fishermen.

Spanish foundation
Trujillo was one of the first cities in the Americas to be founded by the Spanish conquistadors.  It fell within the Viceroyalty of Peru, and was established among four Chimu settlements, Huanchaco, Huamán, Moche and Mampuesto. This was done to create an alliance against the Incas. On November 23, 1537, King Charles I of Spain gave the town the rank of "city" and the coat of arms that remains the city's symbol. This made Trujillo the first city in Peru to receive a coat of arms from a Spanish monarch.

Versions of Foundation Date
Some of the suggested dates for the founding of Trujillo city are:

November 1534 by the Spanish conquistador, Diego de Almagro, who founded the first Spanish settlement in Moche Valley, naming it Trujillo of New Castile after the home city of Francisco Pizarro Trujillo of Extremadura. This is supported by historian Napoleon Cieza Burga.
December 6, 1534 by Diego de Almagro
March 5, 1535  by Francisco Pizarro, This date is supported by historian Raúl Porras Barrenechea. On this date, the first Cabildo of Trujillo city was installed. Since 2010, it has been celebrated as the Week Anniversary of Trujillo Municipality, in commemoration of that event.

See also

Historic Centre of Trujillo
Chan Chan
Huanchaco
Puerto Chicama
Chimu
Pacasmayo beach
Plaza de Armas of Trujillo
Moche
Víctor Larco Herrera District
Vista Alegre
Buenos Aires
Las Delicias beach
Independence of Trujillo
Wall of Trujillo
Santiago de Huamán
Lake Conache
Marinera Festival
Trujillo Spring Festival
Wetlands of Huanchaco
Association of Breeders and Owners of Paso Horses in La Libertad
Salaverry beach
Puerto Morín
Virú culture
Marcahuamachuco
Wiracochapampa

External links

Map of Trujillo (Wikimapia)
"Huaca de la luna and Huaca del sol"
"Huacas del Sol y de la Luna Archaeological Complex", Official Website
Information on El Brujo Archaeological Complex
Chan Chan World Heritage Site, UNESCO
Chan Chan conservation project
Website about Trujillo, Reviews, Events, Business Directory
Municipality of Trujillo

Multimedia
 
 
 
 Gallery pictures of Trujillo by Panoramio, Includes Geographical information by various authors
Colonial Trujillo photos

References

History of Trujillo, Peru
1534 in the Spanish Empire