Augusta Jane Evans Critical response what was the response to Augusta Evans? Critics have praised the intellectual competence of her female characters, but as her heroes eventually succumb to traditional values, Wilson has been described as an antifeminist.
what was her most important female character?
what was Augusta Jane Evans's most important female character?
Augusta Evans Wilson was not a professional writer and her style was severely criticized as "pedantic." She wrote in the domestic, sentimental style of the Victorian Age. Critics have praised the intellectual competence of her female characters, but as her heroes eventually succumb to traditional values, Wilson has been described as an antifeminist. Of St. Elmo one critic maintained, "the trouble with the heroine of St. Elmo was that she swallowed an unabridged dictionary." Wilson was the first American woman author to earn over $100,000. This would be a record unsurpassed until Edith Wharton.  Macaria, or Altars of Sacrifice, published in 1864, was popular with Southerners and Northerners alike. Melissa Homestead writes that the transportation of the novel to New York was deliberate, done in installments and nearly simultaneous with the novel's preparation for publication in the South. Thus, while previous critics, scholars and biographers have all treated Macaria's appearance in the North as unauthorized, the truth is much more meaningful. Some scholars say that by dispensing with the romantic notion that the novel appeared in a "bootleg" edition, Homestead debunks the hard and fast distinction between Northern and Southern readerships as an invention of historians and critics rather than an accurate reflection of reading practices of the period. However, a great number of discrepancies exist between the version published in the North and the version published in the South, which remove huge portions of the text which romanticize the Southern heroes that are portrayed.  Her novel St. Elmo was her most famous and it was frequently adapted for both the stage and screen. It inspired the naming of towns, hotels, steamboats, and a cigar brand. The book's heroine, Edna Earl, became the namesake of Eudora Welty's heroine (Edna Earle Ponder) in The Ponder Heart published in 1954. The novel also inspired a parody of itself called St. Twel'mo, or the Cuneiform Cyclopedist of Chattanooga (1867) by Charles Henry Webb. CANNOTANSWER
Edna Earl, became the namesake of Eudora Welty's heroine
Cindy Aurum, known in Japan as  is a fictional character in the video game Final Fantasy XV.

Concept and creation
Cindy Aurum was created for Final Fantasy XV. When someone complained that Cindy was "too sexy" at a presentation in April 2015, director Hajime Tabata notes that they did not intend for her to be an erotic character, and felt that the combination of her personality and appearance made it not too "problematic" if someone saw her while another person was playing the game. Marketing manager Akio Ofuji noted that it was more about her outfit as a mechanic. Tabata stated that he had no intention of changing her design, but noted the value of moderating her presentation to avoid the impression of oversexualization. Tabata expressed confusion by Cindy receiving criticism for her design while being requested to be made a playable character.

Appearances
Cindy Aurum first appears as a minor non-playable character in the 2016 video game Final Fantasy XV, where she serves as a mechanic for protagonist Noctis Lucis Caelum. Players may customize Noctis' vehicle the Regalia by speaking to Cindy, as well as carry out certain side quests on the character's request. Cindy also appears in the multiplayer expansion Final Fantasy XV: Comrades.

The character makes appearances or is otherwise referenced in other video games. Her outfit is available as in-game clothing to customize player characters of Minecraft and Blue Reflection. Cindy appears as a background character in the Hammerhead stage in Tekken 7.

Merchandise
Play Arts produced a figurine of Cindy Aurum in 2016.

Reception
Since her reveal, Cindy Aurum has received mixed reception. She is a popular character for people to cosplay. Shacknews identified her as the best character in Final Fantasy XV. Peter Swann from Comicsverse considered Cindy to be the most important female character of Final Fantasy XV for subverting gender roles, noting that "in a male dominated field like machinery and car repair, the entire male cast is completely inept at this and rely on a badass woman to fix their car".

Her outfit and portrayal was the subject of heated debate. She was criticized for her design from people who felt she showed too much skin for someone in her field. When a poll was done to ask players what they thought of the demo for Final Fantasy XV, the largest complaint from European players was that Cindy was the only female character who interacts with the main party was oversexualized. This led to a backlash from members of the Final Fantasy fandom. Writers Mike Diver and Patrick Klepek were critical of her design. Mike noted her as his biggest negative of the game. They expressed surprise that her design was not toned down following the demo, feeling that it's okay to be sexy but that the way it was done in Final Fantasy XV made them "embarrassed for the medium." Patrick felt similarly embarrassed, avoiding having her on-screen when his mother visited. He felt that she stands out as particularly fanservice that is otherwise not present. MTV.com noted that the decision to change the design of a male character to make it less sexy was surprising given how many characters, such as Cindy, showed similar amounts of skin to this character. Game Revolution felt that her design made Quiet, another character who has received criticism for her design, seem "subtle."

Maxim called her one of the hottest Final Fantasy women, praising her "can-do attitude". Kotaku felt that her outfit was horrible, while GameSpot felt her outfit was impractical and eye candy. USGamer felt that her outfit and window-washing cutscene was "obvious fanservice," noting that the outfit seems inappropriate for the weather she is in, but found it inoffensive because they found Final Fantasy XV to not be about "male wish fulfillment". The Guardian however found her to be a "laughable male fantasy," citing how she is dressed as a "sex symbol" and how she poses during maintenance of the protagonists' vehicle. They note that this draws greater attention to the lack of playable women in the game. Syfy Wire expressed a desire to see her appear as a playable character in Dissidia Final Fantasy NT, though did not feel it likely.

References

Female characters in video games
Fictional female mechanics
Final Fantasy characters
Final Fantasy XV
Video game characters introduced in 2016 Anne Woodrooffe (born Anne Cox; 14 July 1766) was a 19th-century British author. She was best known for her 1824 religious novel Shades of Character.

Life
Woodrooffe was born on 14 July 1766. Her father was John Cox of Harwich. She married vicar Nathaniel George Woodrooffe on 27 July 1803. The couple had two children, Emma Martha (b. 30 May 1807) and Thomas Wood (d. 19 December 1865). The 1900 Dictionary of National Biography indicates she died on 24 March 1830, while 1966's Jane Austen and Some Contemporaries indicates her death was in 1850.

The evangelical cleric Daniel Wilson asked Woodrooffe to foster his only daughter, perhaps in 1827 when he was left a widower.

Works
Woodrooffe's first book was a biography, The History of Michael Kemp - the happy farmers lad (1819). She produced a sequel to this volume in 1827, Michael the Married Man. Her primary impact was in the area of moral reform, with her most important book, according to the Dictionary of National Biography, 1824's Shades of Character, which presented a Christian educational system for girls "designed to promote the formation of the female character" through the means of a series of dialogues connected by a slight story. In a similar vein, she authored Cottage Dialogues in 1821, a book which depicted rural life for the pleasure and improvement of the lower classes. 1855 saw the publication of her First Prayer in Verse.

References

External links
Shades of Character (3rd. ed) full text at Hathi Trust Digital Library

1766 births
Year of death unknown
English women writers is a Japanese term for an online avatar depicting an anime-style female character used by content creators who are often (but not always) male. The term is an abbreviation of  or .

Babiniku may be using an avatar of a cute girl, acting as a virtual girl in a virtual space such as VRChat, or acting as a virtual YouTuber or virtual idol. They may modify their voice into a girl's voice by using a voice changer, or they may simply use their natural voice along with the female 3D model, Live2D model, or static picture. If an adult male uses these sorts of female avatars, he may be called a .

Origin 
In the Japanese virtual YouTuber community, the performer is called the  , the character's model or avatar is called the , and the act of acquiring the model is called . The word "incarnation" originated from what VTuber  said about getting a 3D model of herself.

The "soul" and the "body" is generally the same in the virtual YouTuber community, but the VTuber known as "Virtual -loli  YouTuber " (, "virtual -lolita fox girl YouTuber guy", abbreviation: ) became popular at the end of 2017, and she is a male using a female nikutai. She announced she was a male using a female avatar, showing he could become a cute girl character even if he was a man and his voice was still his natural male voice. Many VTubers and Babiniku VTubers became active after seeing her videos. Her work resulted in an acceptance from viewers, as they didn't care if there was a man behind a character so long as the character itself was cute.

For some, babiniku is not just about seeing a cute character, but also about finding entertainment in the mismatch between the soul (performer) and the gender presented, which can be considered part of the VTuber's content. One difference between a normal VTubers and a babiniku VTuber is that many babiniku VTubers acknowledge the existence of the person behind the character. The difference between a nekama and a babiniku is that a babiniku often acknowledges the gender difference between the user and how they present themselves.

The popularity of taking on female avatars declined after 's appearance on the scene, excluding the work by some such as . At the end of May 2018, however, cartoonist  and illustrator  introduced a method of animating illustrations during live streams by using software called FaceRig and Live2D. This quickly became popular among illustrators. Many VTubers were originally illustrators, which helped the development of a community of those VTubers who made it publicly known that their "soul" was male. In June 2018, there was a live stream titled "Virtual  Self  One Night " (, "Virtual-Girl-Self-Incarnation-Guys Girls' Party, playing One Night Werewolf"), and this title was the source of the term babiniku. One of the participants in the live stream was , who is considered one of the leading babiniku VTubers due to the high number of her subscribers as well as her cuteness.

"Hell" 

"Hellish" is a word often used to indirectly describe babiniku. Rimukoro, Maki-hitsuji, Magurona, and Natori Sana () were all asked in interviews, "what is babiniku?", to which they all responded, "it's hell". They provided a variety of reasons why they thought so, including that it "twists your nature" or "has a deep darkness".

According to Magurona, she made the title "Virtual-Girl-Self-Incarnation-Guys Girls' Party" for the livestream because it was originally meant to be "hellish content where guys who have drawn their own avatars and transformed themselves into cute girls get together and make some noise". Over time, the "self" aspect of Magurona's title—which indicated the performers created their avatars themselves—faded away, and the term babiniku could be applied to any man acting through an avatar depicting a cute girl, regardless of how he obtained the avatar. Magurona's performer has no desire to become more feminine himself.

Vocalization 
It is difficult to convert an ordinary male voice into a female voice through instrumental manipulation alone. It is important that the performer bring their voice closer to a feminine voice by using their falsetto or a mixed voice as the smaller the change in pitch and formant in the voice changer, the more natural the female voice will be. There are also some babiniku VTubers, such as Takehana Nohto (), who speak in female-like voices without using a voice changer. The voice itself is not the only factor in achieving a feminine voice, speech patterns and intonation are important as well.

In television 
On 8 January 2020, NHK Educational TV broadcast about Babiniku in "Nehorin-Pahorin".

Popular Babiniku VTubers

With voice changer 
  (, "Magurona the Demon King") or simply "Magurona" ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator (ukyo_rst; ). She is regarded as a leading figure among the babiniku performers.
  ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator. Her 3D model was created by Han-sode ().
  ()
 Her 3D model was made by Han-sode, the same artist that created Tomari Mari's avatar.
  ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator named Umika Tamano ().
  ()
 Her 3D model was made by Han-sode, the same artist that created Tomari Mari's avatar.
  ()
 Her performer is a novelist, video game writer and graphic designer named  (). One well-known project he worked on was Remake Our Life!.
  ()
 Her performer is a male cartoonist. One well-known project he worked on was No Game No Life.
  ()
 Her performer is a female cartoonist (, ). One well-known project she worked on was Anenarumono (). She uses the voice changer Babi-goe (). She is considered a babiniku because she is a VTuber who creater her own avatar, not because she is a male VTuber using a female avatar.

Without voice changer 
  Note ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator who worked on The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter.
 Fairys ()
 Her performer is a man using a feminine voice. An actor who performers in the voice of the opposite gender is called a  which is a pun on the word . Her character design is made by Yuzuriha (), so she is not the type of babiniku who created their own female incarnation.
 (, "Rimu and Maki")
  ()
 Her performer is a male cartoonist. One well-known project he worked on was The Helpful Fox Senko-san.
  ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator who worked on Azur Lane. 
  ()
 Her performer is a male designer.
  ()
 Her performer is a male illustrator. He drew the avatar for Ogino Minori, who is a virtual YouTuber and Ōta ward assemblyman (Ogino Minoru, ).

References

Annotations

Citations 

Virtual YouTubers
Abbreviations
Japanese words and phrases
Japanese popular culture