George Mallory In Asia
What year(s) was Mallory in Asia?
What year(s) was Mallory in Asia?
Mallory participated in the initial 1921 British Reconnaissance Expedition, organised and financed by the Mount Everest Committee, that explored routes up to the North Col of Mount Everest. The expedition produced the first accurate maps of the region around the mountain, as Mallory, his climbing partner Guy Bullock and E. O. Wheeler of the Survey of India explored in depth several approaches to its peak. Under Mallory's leadership, and with the assistance of around a dozen Sherpas, the group climbed several lower peaks near Everest. His party were almost certainly the first Westerners to view the Western Cwm at the foot of the Lhotse face, as well as charting the course of the Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of the North Face. After circling the mountain from the south side, his party finally discovered the East Rongbuk Glacier--the highway to the summit now used by nearly all climbers on the Tibetan side of the mountain. By climbing up to the saddle of the North Ridge (the 23,030 ft (7,020 m) North Col), they spied a route to the summit via the North-East Ridge over the obstacle of the Second Step. In 1922 Mallory returned to the Himalayas as part of the party led by Brigadier-General Charles Bruce and climbing leader Edward Strutt, with a view to making a serious attempt on the summit. Eschewing their bottled oxygen, which was at the time seen as going against the spirit of mountaineering, Mallory, along with Howard Somervell and Edward Norton almost reached the crest of the North-East Ridge. Despite being hampered and slowed by the thin air, they achieved a record altitude of 26,980 ft (8,225 m) before weather conditions and the late hour forced them to retreat. A second party led by George Finch reached an elevation of approximately 27,300 ft (8,321 m) using bottled oxygen both for climbing and--a first--for sleeping. The party climbed at record speeds, a fact that Mallory seized upon during the next expedition. Mallory organised a third unsuccessful attempt on the summit, departing as the monsoon season arrived. While Mallory was leading a group of porters down the lower slopes of the North Col of Everest in fresh, waist-deep snow, an avalanche swept over the group, killing seven Sherpas. The attempt was immediately abandoned, and Mallory was subsequently accused of poor judgement, including by expedition participants such as Dr. Longstaff. Mallory is famously quoted as having replied to the question "Why did you want to climb Mount Everest?" with the retort "Because it's there", which has been called "the most famous three words in mountaineering". There have been questions over the authenticity of the quote, and whether Mallory actually said it. Some have suggested that it was a paraphrase by a newspaper reporter, but scrutiny of the original report in The New York Times leaves this unresolved. The phrase was certainly consistent with the direct quotes cited in The New York Times report, so it appears not to misrepresent Mallory's attitude. CANNOTANSWER
Mallory participated in the initial 1921 British Reconnaissance Expedition,
George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8 or 9 June 1924) was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920s.

Born in Cheshire, Mallory was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering as a student at Winchester College. After graduating from Magdalene College, Cambridge, he taught at Charterhouse School whilst honing his skills as a climber in the Alps and the English Lake District. He served in the British Army during the First World War and fought at the Somme.

After the war, Mallory returned to Charterhouse before resigning to take part in the 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition. In 1922, he took part in a second expedition to make the first ascent of the world's highest mountain, in which his team achieved a record altitude of  without supplemental oxygen. Once asked by a reporter why he wanted to climb Everest, Mallory famously replied,”Because it’s there.”

During the 1924 expedition, Mallory and his climbing partner, Andrew "Sandy" Irvine, disappeared on the northeast ridge of Everest. The pair was last seen when they were about 800 vertical feet (245 m) from the summit. Mallory's ultimate fate was unknown for 75 years, until his body was discovered on 1 May 1999 by an expedition that had set out to search for the climbers' remains. Whether Mallory and Irvine reached the summit before they died remains a subject of debate, of various theories, and of continuing research.

Early life, education, and teaching career
George Mallory was born in Mobberley, Cheshire, the son of Herbert Leigh-Mallory (1856–1943), a clergyman who changed his surname from Mallory to Leigh-Mallory in 1914. His mother was Annie Beridge (1863–1946), the daughter of a clergyman in Walton, Derbyshire. George had two sisters and a younger brother, Trafford Leigh-Mallory, the World War II Royal Air Force commander. He was raised in a ten-bedroom house on Hobcroft Lane in Mobberley.

In 1896, Mallory attended Glengorse, a boarding school in Eastbourne on the south coast, having transferred from another preparatory school in West Kirby. At the age of 13, he won a mathematics scholarship to Winchester College. In his final year there, he was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering by a master, R. L. G. Irving, who took a few people climbing in the Alps each year. In October 1905, Mallory entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. There, he became good friends with future members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes, James Strachey, Lytton Strachey, and Duncan Grant, who took some portraits of Mallory. Among these friends, particularly Lytton Strachey, his letters attest a flirtatious, homoerotic and "explicitly gay" friendship. Mallory was a keen oarsman, who rowed for his college.

In 1909, Lytton Strachey wrote of Mallory:

After gaining his degree, Mallory stayed in Cambridge for a year writing an essay he published as Boswell the Biographer (1912). He lived briefly in France afterward. In 1910, he began teaching at Charterhouse School, another of England's great public schools, where he met the poet Robert Graves, then a pupil. In his autobiography, Goodbye to All That, Graves remembered Mallory fondly, both for the encouragement of his interest in literature and poetry, and his instruction in climbing. Graves recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted (as a teacher) at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them."

While at Charterhouse, Mallory met his wife, Ruth Turner (1892–1942), who lived in Godalming, Surrey, and they were married in 1914, six days before Britain entered the First World War. George and Ruth had two daughters and a son: Frances Clare (1915–2001), Beridge Ruth, known as "Berry" (1917–1953), and John (b. 1920).

During the First World War, in December 1915, Mallory was commissioned in the Royal Garrison Artillery as a second lieutenant and was promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1917. He served in France and fought at the Battle of the Somme. Mallory relinquished his commission on 21 February 1920, retaining the rank of lieutenant.

After the war, Mallory returned to Charterhouse, but resigned in 1921 to join the first British expedition of Mount Everest. Between expeditions, he attempted to make a living from writing and lecturing, with only partial success. In 1923, he took a job as a lecturer with the Cambridge University Extramural Studies Department. He was given temporary leave so that he could join the 1924 Everest attempt.

Climbing

In Europe
In 1910, in a party led by Irving, Mallory and a friend attempted to climb Mont Vélan in the Alps, but turned back shortly before the summit due to Mallory's altitude sickness. In 1911, Mallory climbed Mont Blanc, and made the third ascent of the Frontier ridge of Mont Maudit in a party again led by Irving. According to Helmut Dumler, Mallory was "apparently prompted by a friend on the Western Front in 1916 [to write] a highly emotional article of his ascent of this great climb"; this article was published as "Mont Blanc from the Col du Géant by the Eastern Buttress of Mont Maudit" in the Alpine Journal and contained his question, "Have we vanquished an enemy?" [i.e., the mountain] to which he responded, "None but ourselves."

By 1913, Mallory had ascended Pillar Rock in the English Lake District, with no assistance, by what is now known as "Mallory's Route"—currently graded Hard Very Severe 5a (Yosemite Decimal Rating 5.9). It is likely to have been the hardest route in Britain for many years.

One of Mallory's closest friends and climbing companions was a young woman named Cottie Sanders, who became a novelist with the pseudonym of Ann Bridge. The nature of their relationship is elusive; Sanders was either a "climbing friend" or a "casual sweetheart". After Mallory died, Cottie wrote a memoir of him, which was never published, but provided much of the material used by later biographers such as David Pye and David Robertson and the novel Everest Dream.

In Asia

Mallory participated in the initial 1921 Mount Everest expedition, organised and financed by the Mount Everest Committee, that explored routes up to Everest's North Col. The expedition produced the first accurate maps of the region around the mountain, as Mallory, his climbing partner Guy Bullock, and E. O. Wheeler of the Survey of India explored in depth several approaches to its peak. Under Mallory's leadership, and with the assistance of around a dozen Sherpas, the group climbed several lower peaks near Everest. His party were almost certainly the first Westerners to view the Western Cwm at the foot of the Lhotse face, as well as charting the course of the Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of the North Face. After circling the mountain from the south side, his party finally discovered the East Rongbuk Glacier—the highway to the summit now used by nearly all climbers on the Tibetan side of the mountain. By climbing up to the saddle of the North Ridge (the  North Col), they spied a route to the summit via the North-East Ridge over the obstacle of the Second Step.

In 1922, Mallory returned to the Himalayas as part of the party led by Brigadier General Charles Bruce and climbing leader Edward Strutt, with a view to making a serious attempt on the summit. Eschewing their bottled oxygen, which was at the time seen as going against the spirit of mountaineering, Mallory, along with Howard Somervell and Edward Norton, almost reached the crest of the North-East Ridge. Despite being hampered and slowed by the thin air, they achieved a record altitude of  before weather conditions and the late hour forced them to retreat. A second party led by George Finch reached an elevation around  using bottled oxygen both for climbing and—a first—for sleeping. The party climbed at record speeds, a fact that Mallory seized upon during the next expedition.

Mallory organised a third unsuccessful attempt on the summit, departing as the monsoon season arrived.  On 7 June 1922, while he was leading a group of porters down the lower slopes of the North Col of Everest in fresh, waist-deep snow, an avalanche swept over the group, killing seven Sherpas. The attempt was immediately abandoned, and Mallory was subsequently accused of poor judgement, including by expedition participants such as Dr. Longstaff.

Mallory is famously quoted as having replied to the question, "Why did you want to climb Mount Everest?" with the retort, "Because it's there", which has been called "the most famous three words in mountaineering". Questions have arisen over the authenticity of the quote, and whether Mallory actually said it. Some have suggested that it was a paraphrase by a newspaper reporter, but scrutiny of the original Times report leaves this unresolved. The phrase was certainly consistent with the direct quotes cited in the report, so it appears not to misrepresent Mallory's attitude.

Mallory's last climb

June 1924 expedition to Everest

Mallory joined the 1924 Everest expedition, led, as in 1922, by Gen. Charles Bruce. Mallory, who was 37 at the time of the expedition, believed his age would make this his last opportunity to climb the mountain, and when touring the US proclaimed that the expedition would successfully reach the summit.

Mallory and Bruce had made the first attempt, which was inexplicably aborted by Mallory at Camp 5. Norton and Somervell then set off from Camp 6, and in perfect weather, Norton managed, without oxygen, to reach , a new record height.

On 4 June 1924, Mallory and Andrew Irvine set off from Advanced Base Camp (ABC) at  and had already begun using oxygen from the base of the North Col, which they climbed in  hours. Mallory had been converted from his original scepticism about oxygen usage by his failure on his initial assault and recalling the very rapid ascent of Finch in 1922.

At 08:40 on 6 June, they set off, climbing to Camp 5. On 7 June, they reached Camp 6. Mallory wrote he had used only  of one bottle of oxygen for the two days, which suggests a climb rate of some 856 vertical feet per hour.

On 8 June, expedition member Noel Odell was moving up behind the pair in a "support role". Around , he spotted the two climbing a prominent rock step, either the First or Second Step, about 13:00, although Odell might, conceivably, have been viewing the higher, then-unknown, "Third Step". Odell later reported:

At 12.50, just after I had emerged from a state of jubilation at finding the first definite fossils on Everest, there was a sudden clearing of the atmosphere, and the entire summit ridge and final peak of Everest were unveiled. My eyes became fixed on one tiny black spot silhouetted on a small snow crest beneath a rock step in the ridge; the black spot moved. Another black spot became apparent and moved up the snow to join the other on the crest. The first then approached the great rock step and shortly emerged at the top; the second did likewise. Then the whole fascinating vision vanished, enveloped in cloud once more.

At the time, Odell observed that one of the men surmounted the Second Step of the northeast ridge. Apart from his testimony, though, no evidence has been found that Mallory and Irvine climbed higher than the First Step; one of their spent oxygen cylinders was found shortly below the First Step, and Irvine's ice axe was found nearby in 1933. They never returned to their camp.

Presumably, Mallory and Irvine died either late the same evening or on 9 June. The news of Mallory and Irvine's disappearance was widely mourned in Britain and the two were hailed as national heroes. A memorial service was held in London at St Paul's Cathedral on 17 October and was attended by a great assembly of family, friends, and dignitaries including King George V and members of the royal family, Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and his entire Cabinet.

Mallory's will was proven in London on 17 December; he bequeathed his estate of £1706 17s. 6d. (roughly equivalent to £ in ) to his wife.

Lost on Everest for 75 years
After their disappearance, several expeditions tried to find their remains, and perhaps, determine if they had reached the summit. Frank Smythe, when on the 1936 expedition, believed he spotted a body below the place where Irvine's ice axe had been found three years earlier, "I was scanning the face from base camp through a high-powered telescope...when I saw something queer in a gully below the scree shelf. Of course, it was a long way away and very small, but I've a six/six eyesight and do not believe it was a rock. This object was at precisely the point where Mallory and Irvine would have fallen had they rolled on over the scree slopes," Smythe wrote in a letter to Edward Felix Norton. He kept the discovery quiet as he feared press sensationalism, and it was not revealed until 2013, after the letter was found by his son when preparing his biography.

In late 1986, Tom Holzel launched a search expedition based on reports from Chinese climber Zhang Junyan that his tent-mate, Wang Hungbao, had stumbled across "an English dead" at  in 1975. On the last day of the expedition, Holzel met with Zhang Junyan, who reiterated that, despite official denials from the Chinese Mountaineering Association, Wang had come back from a short excursion and described finding "a foreign mountaineer" at "8,100 m." Wang was killed in an avalanche the day after delivering his verbal report, so the location was never more precisely fixed.

In 1999, the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, sponsored in part by the TV show Nova and the BBC, and organised and led by Eric Simonson, arrived at Everest to search for the lost pair. Guided by the research of Jochen Hemmleb, within hours of beginning the search on 1 May, Conrad Anker found a frozen body at  on the north face of the mountain. As the body was found below where Irvine's axe had been found in 1933 at , the team expected it to be Irvine's, and were hoping to recover the camera that he had reportedly carried with him. They were surprised to find that name tags on the body's clothing bore the name of "G. Leigh Mallory." The body was well preserved, due to the freezing conditions. A brass altimeter, a stag-handled lambsfoot pocket knife with leather slip-case, and an unbroken pair of snow-goggles were recovered from the pockets of the clothing. Personal effects, including a letter and a bill from a London supplier of climbing equipment, confirmed the identity of the body. The team could not, however, locate the camera that the two climbers took to document their final summit attempt. Experts from Kodak have said that if a camera is ever found, some chance exists that its film could be developed to produce printable images, if extraordinary measures are taken, and have provided guidance as to handling of such a camera and the film inside, in the event that such were found in the investigation. Before leaving the site of Mallory's death, the expedition conducted an Anglican service for the climber and covered his remains with a cairn on the mountain.

Sir Edmund Hillary, who with Tenzing Norgay is credited with reaching the Everest summit first, welcomed news of the discovery of Mallory's body and described as "very appropriate" the possibility that Mallory might turn out to have summited decades earlier. "He was really the initial pioneer of the whole idea of climbing Mount Everest," Hillary said.

The 1999 research team returned to the mountain in 2001 to conduct further research. They discovered Mallory and Irvine's last camp, but failed to find either Irvine or a camera. Another initiative in 2004 also proved fruitless.

In 2007, the Altitude Everest Expedition, led by Conrad Anker, who had found Mallory's body, tried to retrace Mallory's last steps.

Reaching the summit

Whether Mallory and Irvine reached Everest's summit is unknown. The question remains open to speculation and is the topic of much debate and research.

Mallory's body
Judging by a serious rope-jerk injury around Mallory's waist, which was encircled by the remnants of a climbing rope, he and Irvine were apparently roped together when one of them slipped. Mallory's body lay 300 metres (1000 ft) below and about 100 metres (300 ft) horizontal to the location of an ice axe found in 1933, which is generally accepted from three characteristic marks on the shaft as belonging to Irvine. That the body was relatively unbroken, apart from fractures to the right leg (the tibia and fibula were broken just above the boot), as compared to other bodies in the same location that were known to have fallen from the North-East Ridge, strongly suggests that Mallory could not have fallen from the ice axe site, but must have fallen from much lower down. When found, his body was sun-bleached, frozen, and mummified.

The other significant find on Mallory's body was a severe, golf ball-sized puncture wound in his forehead, the likely cause of his death. The unusual puncture wound is consistent with one inflicted by an ice axe, leading some to conclude that, while Mallory was descending in a self-arrest "glissade", sliding down a slope while dragging his ice axe in the snow to control the speed of his descent, his ice axe may have struck a rock and bounced off, striking him fatally.

Two items of circumstantial evidence from the body suggest that he attempted, or reached, the summit:
 Mallory's daughter said he carried a photograph of his wife on his person with the intention of leaving it on the summit. The photograph was not found on Mallory's body. Given the excellent preservation of the body, its garments, and other items including documents in his wallet, this points to the possibility that he reached the summit and left the photo there. On the other hand, Wang (who is known to have taken Mallory's ice axe) might also have taken the photograph for identification purposes, and no one who has subsequently reached the summit has reported seeing any evidence of the photograph or any other trace of their presence there.
 Mallory's unbroken snow goggles were found in his pocket, suggesting that Irvine and he had made a push for the summit and were descending after sunset. On his attempt a few days earlier, Norton had suffered serious snow blindness because he did not wear his goggles, so Mallory would be unlikely to have dispensed with them in daylight, and given their known departure time and movements, it is unlikely that they would have still been out by nightfall had they not attempted the summit pyramid. An alternative scenario is that Mallory carried an extra pair and the pair he was wearing was torn off in his fall.

The difficult "Second Step"
Experienced modern climbers have mixed views on whether Mallory was capable of climbing the Second Step on the North Ridge, now surmounted by a  aluminium ladder first permanently fixed in place by Chinese climbers in 1975 to bridge this very difficult pitch. Austrian Theo Fritsche repeated the free climb solo in 2001 under conditions that resembled those encountered during the 1924 Everest expedition, and assessed the climb as having a grade of 5.6–5.7. Fritsche completed the climb without supplementary oxygen and believes that Mallory could, weather permitting, have reached the summit.

In June 2007, as part of the 2007 Altitude Everest expedition, Conrad Anker and Leo Houlding free-climbed the Second Step, having first removed the Chinese ladder (which was later replaced). Houlding rated the climb at 5.9, just within Mallory's estimated capabilities. The climb was part of an expedition which tried to recreate the 1924 climb. Eight years earlier, Anker had climbed the Second Step as part of the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, but had used one point of aid by stepping on a rung of the ladder, which blocked the only available foothold. At that time, he had rated the climb at 5.10, which he considered to be beyond Mallory's capabilities, but after the June 2007 climb, he changed his view and said that he "could have climbed it".

Noel Odell believed that he had seen Mallory and Irvine ascend the Second Step, but eventually changed his story to say it was the First Step. Towards the end of his life, however, he reaffirmed his original view. Recent observations taken from Odell's vantage point by other climbers suggest that Odell would have probably seen the men at the Second Step as he had initially reported.

Possible sightings of Irvine
In 1979, a Chinese climber named Wang Hungbao reported to a Japanese expedition leader that, in 1975, he had discovered the body of an "English dead" at . Wang was killed in an avalanche the day after this verbal report, so the location was never more precisely fixed. The Chinese Mountaineering Association officially denied the sighting claim. In 1986, Chinese climber Zhang Junyan—who had been sharing the tent with Wang in 1975—confirmed, to Tom Holzel, Wang's report of finding a foreign climber's body. Zhang stated that Wang had been out for only 20 minutes. If this report was accurate, at that altitude and date, the body must have been that of Irvine.

Wang's sighting was the key to the discovery of Mallory's body 24 years later in the same general area, though Wang's reported description of the body he found, face up, with a "hole in cheek", is not consistent with the condition and posture of Mallory's body, which was face down, his head almost completely buried in scree, and with a golf ball-sized puncture wound on his forehead. The 2001 research expedition discovered Wang's campsite location and made an extensive search of its surroundings. Mallory's remained the only ancient body in the vicinity.

In 2001, another Chinese climber, Xu Jing, claimed to have seen the body of Andrew Irvine in 1960—reported in Hemmleb and Simonson's Detectives on Everest—although testimony is uncertain with regard to the location of his find. On two occasions, Xu placed it between Camps VI and VII (the Yellow Band, around ), though later changed it to the NE Ridge between the First and Second Steps (near  and directly on the NE Ridge. In spite of several such rumoured and reported sightings, subsequent searches of these locations on the North Face have failed to find any trace of Irvine.

American researcher Tom Holzel reported that Xu had spotted the body as he descended "by a more direct route" due to exhaustion, while his teammates had continued their ascent. The body was lying on its back in a narrow slot, its feet pointing towards the summit, and its face blackened from frostbite. Holzel has claimed that a location in the Yellow Band, matching this description exactly, has been identified at  by his analysis of high-resolution aerial photography.

In July 2005, the Alpine Club of St. Petersburg, Russia, published an article to commemorate the 45th anniversary of the North Face climb by the Chinese expedition in 1960. The article referred to the presentation by Wang Fuzhou—a member of the group which reached the summit of Everest on 25 May 1960—given by him in Leningrad before the USSR Geographical Society in 1965. It claims that Xu Jing had seen the body of a European climber at an altitude of some , just below the notorious Second Step.

Theories
A range of different outcomes has been proposed, and new theories continue to be put forward. Most views have the two carrying two cylinders of oxygen each, reaching and climbing either the First or Second Step, where they are seen by Odell. At this point, two main alternatives remain: either Mallory takes Irvine's oxygen and goes on alone (and may or may not reach the summit); or both go on together until they turn back (having used up their oxygen, or realising that they will do so before the summit). In either case, Mallory slips and falls to his death while descending, perhaps caught in the fierce snow squall that sent Odell to take shelter in their tent. Irvine either falls with him, or in the first scenario, dies alone of exhaustion and hypothermia high up on the ridge. The hypothesis advanced by Tom Holzel in February 2008 is that Odell sighted Mallory and Irvine climbing the First Step for a final look around while they were actually descending from a failed summit bid.

Assessments by other climbers

Ang Tsering's assessment
Ang Tsering, a Sherpa member of the 1924 British Everest Expedition, was interviewed in 2000 by Jonathan Neale, who recounted:

Climbing partners
Harry Tyndale, one of Mallory's climbing partners, said of Mallory:

Geoffrey Winthrop Young, an accomplished mountain climber, held Mallory's ability in awe:

First "real" ascent, or just to the summit?
If evidence were found that showed that Mallory or Irvine had reached the summit of Everest in 1924, advocates of Hillary and Norgay's first ascent maintain that the historical record should not be changed to state that Mallory and Irvine made the first ascent. 1965 Mount Everest summiteer H. P. S. Ahluwalia claims that without photographic proof, no evidence shows that Mallory reached the summit and "it would be unfair to say that the first man to scale Mount Everest was George Mallory". Mallory's son John Mallory, who was three years old when his father died, said, "To me, the only way you achieve a summit is to come back alive. The job is only half done if you don't get down again". Hillary's daughter, Sarah, when asked about her father's take on the debate, said, "His view was that he had got 50 good years out of being conqueror of Everest, and, whatever happened, he wasn't particularly worried. That's my feeling as well."

Edmund Hillary's assessment
Edmund Hillary echoed John Mallory's opinion, asking:

Chris Bonington's assessment
Chris Bonington, the British mountaineer, argued:

Conrad Anker's assessment
Conrad Anker, who found Mallory's body in 1999, free climbed the Second Step in 2007 and has worn replica 1924 climbing gear on Everest, said he believes it is "possible, but highly improbable, that they made it to the top", citing the difficulty of the Second Step and the position of Mallory's body. He said that, in his opinion:

Robert Graves' tale of Mallory's Pipe
Robert Graves, who climbed with Mallory, in his autobiography recounts this story, at the time famous in climbing circles, about an ascent that Mallory made as a young man in 1908:

The route is now called "Mallory's Slab", a hard V Diff on Y Lliwedd.

Legacy
 Mallory was honoured by having a court named after him at his alma mater, Magdalene College, Cambridge, with an inscribed stone commemorating his death set above the doorway to one of the buildings. The Friends of Magdalene Boat Club was renamed the Mallory Club in recognition of his achievements in exploration and rowing at the college. Two high peaks in California's Sierra Nevada, Mount Mallory and Mount Irvine, located a few miles southeast of Mount Whitney, were named after them.

The Times obituary of George Finch called Mallory and Finch the "two best alpinists of [their] time".

Mallory was captured on film by expedition cameraman John Noel, who released his film of the 1924 expedition, The Epic of Everest. Some of his footage was also used in George Lowe's 1953 documentary The Conquest of Everest. A documentary on the 2001 Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, Found on Everest, was produced by Riley Morton. Mallory was played by Brian Blessed in the 1991 re-creation of his last climb, Galahad of Everest. In Anthony Geffen's 2010 documentary film about Mallory's life and final expedition, The Wildest Dream, Conrad Anker and Leo Houlding attempted to reconstruct the climb, dressed and equipped like Mallory and Irvine.

Everest, a proposed Hollywood version of the 1924 attempt, adapted from Jeffrey Archer's 2009 novel Paths of Glory, to be directed by Doug Liman, had first Tom Hardy and then Benedict Cumberbatch slated to play Mallory, but a June 2014 interview with Liman implied that the film was no longer in production. As of late 2021, it is in production again, with Liman directing and Ewan McGregor starring as Mallory. In April 2015, it was announced that Michael Sheen would play Mallory in a biopic titled In High Places, to be written and directed by James McEachen, but as of 2020, McEachen's website stated that it had not been funded.

Tragedy in the mountains has proved a recurring theme in the Mallory line. Mallory's younger brother, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, met his death on a mountain range when the Avro York carrying him to his new appointment as Air Commander-in-Chief of South East Asia Command crashed in the French Alps in 1944, killing all on board. A memorial window to George Mallory along with a memorial plaque to Trafford can be found at St Wilfrid's Church, Mobberley, where their father, Herbert, grandfather, also called George, and other family members had served as rector. Mallory's daughter, Frances Clare, married physiologist Glenn Allan Millikan, who was killed in a climbing accident in Fall Creek Falls State Park, Tennessee.

Frances Mallory's son, Richard Millikan, became a respected climber during the 1960s and '70s. Mallory's grandson, also named George Mallory, reached the summit of Everest in 1995 via the North Ridge with six other climbers as part of the American Everest Expedition of 1995. He left a picture of his grandparents at the summit, citing "unfinished business".

Belgian rock band Girls in Hawaii's song "Mallory's Height" on their 2013 album Everest is a homage to Mallory. Extracts of the Nova / BBC broadcast can be heard (around 3:35).

Bibliography

See also
 List of people who died climbing Mount Everest
 List of solved missing person cases
 List of unsolved deaths

References

Further reading

 Anker, Conrad & Roberts, David (1999). The Lost Explorer – Finding Mallory on Mount Everest. London: Simon & Schuster
 Archer, Jeffrey (2009). Paths of Glory. New York: St Martin's Press  (novel about Mallory's life and summit attempt)
 Davis, Wade (2011).  Into The Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of Everest Bodley Head 
 Firstbrook, Peter (1999). Lost on Everest: The Search for Mallory & Irvine. BBC Worldwide
 Gillman, Peter and Leni (2000). The Wildest Dream: Mallory, His Life and Conflicting Passions. London: Headline (winner, Boardman Tasker Prize)
 Hemmleb, Jochen; Johnson, Larry A.; Simonson, Eric R. & Nothdurft, William E. (1999.) Ghosts of Everest – the Search for Mallory & Irvine. Seattle: Mountaineers Books (Story of the 1999 expedition that located Mallory's body)
 Hemmleb, Jochen, & Simonson, Eric R. (2002). Detectives on Everest: the Story of the 2001 Mallory & Irvine Research Expedition. Seattle: Mountaineers Books (Sequel to Ghosts of Everest, with new discoveries on Everest and revelations regarding the fate of Andrew Irvine)
 Holzel, Tom & Salkeld, Audrey (1986). The Mystery of Mallory & Irvine. Revised edition: Seattle: Mountaineers Books, 1999
 Neale, Jonathan, "Tigers of the Snow: How One Fateful Climb Made the Sherpas Mountaineering Legends", Thomas Dunne Books, 2002
 Robertson, David (1969). George Mallory. Revised edition 1999. (Biography written by Mallory's son-in-law, married to Beridge.) Faber and Faber Selected edition: Paperback 1999, with foreword by Joe Simpson 
 Summers, Julie (2000). Fearless on Everest: the Quest for Sandy Irvine. (Republished 2008)

External links

 
 
 Ghosts of Everest – New evidence examined. 1999 Expedition finds Mallory's remains; tries to reconstruct Mallory's ascent. From Outside Magazine
 Lost on Everest – In January 2000, PBS broadcast the story of the 1999 Nova expedition to locate the bodies of George Mallory and Andrew Irvine.
 Peter H. Hansen, 'Mallory, George Herbert Leigh (1886–1924)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, brief biographical entry.
 Interactive panorama of The Second Step on Everest's Northeast Ridge.
 2004 Expedition to find the cameras
 Mount Everest 1924 photographs – John Noel's photographs from the 1924 expedition.
 
 Photo of Mallory Court, Magdalene College, Cambridge
 Mallory's rowing career and account of the 1907 Boat Race, with photo [NB that caption incorrectly states that Mallory rowed in Oxford/Cambridge boat race.]
 Tom Holzel's 2008 theory that Odell saw Mallory descending at the First Step
 Mike Parsons and Mary B. Rose. Mallory Myths and Mysteries: The Mallory Replica Project
 Mallory and Irvine Memorials
 
The George Mallory Award – Wasatch Mountain Film Festival

1886 births
1920s missing person cases
1924 deaths
20th-century explorers
Academics of the Institute of Continuing Education
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
English explorers
English mountain climbers
Formerly missing people
LGBT people from England
Missing person cases in China
Mountaineering deaths on Mount Everest
Mummies
People educated at Winchester College
People from Mobberley
Royal Garrison Artillery officers
Sportspeople from Cheshire
Unsolved deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
This is a list of places named Mallory (categorized by geographical region, nation, state, etc.), fictional places and a list of places historically linked to the name.

Antarctica

 Mallory Bluff on the northwest slope of Grindley Plateau, just northeast of the head of Wahl Glacier was named in honor of Roger P. Mallory, Jr. by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names; ()
 Mallory Point includes Australia, USA, and Russia Stations; ()

Asia

China

Shandong
 Kathleen Mallory Hospital for Women, founded in 1901, is a Christian Hospital in Laichowfu; ()

Europe

United Kingdom

England

Leicestershire
 Kirkby Mallory is a small village; ()
 Mallory Park is a motor racing circuit in Kirkby Mallory; ()

North America

Canada

British Columbia
Mallory Islands; ()
Mount Mallory, elevation ca.  ()

Ontario
Long Mallory Lake; ()
Mallory Bay;  ()
Mallory Beach; ()
Mallory Creek; ()
Mallory Hill, elevation ca. ; notable for "Darkest Skies in Southern Canada" ()
Mallory Lake; ()
Mallorytown; ()

Saskatchewan
Mallory Island; ()

United States

Alabama

Coffee County
 Mallory Lake is a reservoir on a tributary of Cripple Creek; ()

Talladega County
 Mallory Mountain, elevation 830' is a summit; ()

Arkansas

Crittenden County
 Mallory Spur is a populated location; ()

Arizona

Apache County
 Mallory Draw is a valley; ()
 Mallory Spring; ()

Gila County
 Mallory Shaft is a mine; ()

Graham County
 Mallory Detention Dam impounds a tributary of the Fort Thomas Canal; ()

Mohave County
 Mallory Fault is a natural geologic feature in the Black Mountains near Oatman; ()

California

Contra Costa County
 Mallory Ridge, a California Data Exchange Center Data Station in the Delta basin near Danville; ()

Inyo County
 Mount Mallory, elevation 13,850' is a summit; ()

Mendocino County
 Mallory House is a farmhouse renovated into a modern bed and breakfast facility and operated by Little River Inn
 Mallory Spring is a natural feature east of Ft. Bragg; ()

Colorado

Boulder County
 Mallory Cave, named for E.C. Mallory after his first visit there in August 1932 is located on Dinosaur Mountain near Boulder; ()

Jefferson County
 Mallory Manor Motel, once advertised as "Denver's Newest and Finest" is located in Lakewood; ()

Connecticut

Litchfield County
 Mallory Brook is a tributary of the Shepaug River; ()

New London County
 Charles Mallory House, the Mystic resident's Greek Revival home from 1828 to his death in 1882; ()
 Charles Mallory Sail Loft, now part of Mystic Seaport, was purchased in 1837 by Charles Mallory for his sailmaking business; ()
 Mallory Exhibit Hall is part of The Museum of America and the Sea at Mystic Seaport; ()
 Mallory Hill, elevation  is a summit near New London; ()

Florida

Alachua County
 Mallory Hall is a University of Florida residence hall in Gainesville named in honor of Angela Mallory (1815–1901); ()

Jackson County
 Mallory Heights, elevation 135' is a community east of Marianna; ()

Lafayette County
 Mallory Swamp, at 30,501 acres in area, is the source of the Steinhatchee River just south of Mayo; ()

Monroe County
 Mallory Dock is located in Key West; ()
 Mallory's Key, located in Florida Bay was named for the Mallory family who were early settlers of Key West; ()
 Mallory Museum, located in the Hospitality House at Mallory Square chronicles the history of the Mallory Docks and surrounding area
 Mallory Square, named in honor of Stephen Russell Mallory located on the waterfront in Key West's historic town; ()

Pinellas County
 Mallory Powell Social Service Center in Clearwater was named in honor of Mr. and Mrs. George L. Mallory and Bernie Powell; ()

Sumter County
 Mallory Hill Country Club consists of three 9-hole golf courses at The Villages; ()

Georgia

Fulton County
 Mallory Estates is a populated area near Mallory Road; ()

Glynn County
 Mallory Park is a neighborhood on St. Simons Island near Mallory Street and Mallory Circle; ()

Lowndes County
 Mallory Field is a private-use turf airstrip in Valdosta; ()

Spalding County
 Mallory Lake is a small reservoir impounded by Mallory Lake Dam; ()

Troup County
 Mallory Lake is a reservoir located between LaGrange and Interstate 85; ()

Twiggs County
 Mallory Lake is a small reservoir on a tributary of Flat Creek; ()

Wilkes County
 Mallorysville was incorporated as a village 9 December 1819 with William Mallory as one of its original commissioners. It was unincorporated 1 July 1995; ()

Wilkinson County
 Mallory Branch is a stream; ()

Idaho

Clearwater County
 Mallory Creek is a tributary of the East Fork of the Potlatch River; ()

Illinois

Lake County
 Mallory Industrial Park is located in Libertyville; ()

Indiana

Fountain County
 Mallory Branch empties into the Wabash River near Covington; ()
 Camp Mallory is a private recreation facility owned by The P.R. Mallory Conservation Club  on Mallory Road; ()

Iowa

Clayton County
 Mallory Township is a populated place named for Allen Horace Mallory who settled in the area in 1838; ()
 Mallory Township Bridge in Osterdock was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998; ()
Franklin County
 Mallory Memorial County Park is located on Mallory Drive south of Hampton; ()

Kentucky

Barren County
 Mallory Capacitor, LLC is an electronics manufacturing facility in Glasgow; ()

Massachusetts

Barnstable County
 Mallory Dock is a restaurant in Barnstable Town ()

Franklin County
 Mallory Brook empties into the Green River near Mt. Hermon Station; ()

Suffolk County
 Mallory Institute of Pathology at Boston City Hospital is named for Frank Burr Mallory, M.D.()

Michigan

Hillsdale County
 Mallory Lake Drain is a stream that flows into Bean Creek; ()
 Mallory Lake is the source of Mallory Lake Drain; ()
St. Clair County, Michigan
 Mallory Drain is a canal; ()
Washtenaw County
 Mallory House, a Victorian residence built in 1872 by W.H. Mallory and restored in 1974 as apartments, located in Ann Arbor; ()

Minnesota

Polk County
 Mallory is a populated place located in Huntsville Township; ()

Missouri

Randolph County
 Mallory Lake is a reservoir near Milton impounded by Mallory Lake Dam; ()
 Mallory Van & Storage Co., Inc. is a private business in Moberly
 Mallory Transfer & Storage Co. is a long-established private business in Moberly

Nebraska

Douglas County
 Mallory Kountze Planetarium in the Durham Science Center on the North Campus of University of Nebraska at Omaha was named in memory of the Hitchcock Foundation president who died in 1984; ()

Nevada

White Pine County
 Mallory Canyon is located near the Utah State line; ()

New Jersey

Essex County
 Mallory Hall is a Montclair State University academic building named in honor of Virgil Mallory in Montclair; ()

Hudson County
 Mallory Avenue is a street on the Jersey City's West Side

New York

Albany County
 Mallorys Corners is a location in the south part of the town of Bethlehem;  ()

Chemung County
 Mallory Creek is a stream; ()
 Mallory Hill is a summit near Sullivanville; ()

Cortland County
 Mallory Brook is a stream; ()

Delaware County
 Mallory Brook is a stream; ()

Nassau County
 Mallory Pier is located near Kings Point;()

Oswego County
 Mallory is a hamlet; ()
 Malory Station is a location in Hastings west of the hamlet of Mallory; ()

Otsego County
 Mallory Corner is located where Ben McCumber and Robert Williams Roads intersect with Wilbur Hill Road; ()

Steuben County
 Mallory Mill in Hammondsport was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999; (),

Sullivan County
 Mallory Brook flows from Mallory Pond into Lake Superior in Lake Superior State Park; ()
 Mallory Pond, named for early settler Daniel Mallory, is west of Lake Superior State Park; ()

Tompkins County
 Malloryville; ()

Warren County
 Mallory Island is located on Lake George in the Adirondack Park Preserve; ()

North Carolina

Brunswick County
 Little Mallory Creek; ()
 Mallory Creek is a tributary of the Cape Fear River; ()

Robeson County
 Mallory Church is located near St. Paul's Township; ()

Ohio

Hamilton County
 Mallory Center for Community Development, 3262 Beekman Street in Cincinnati is a non-profit agency founded by William L. Mallory, Sr.; ()

Ohio County
 Mallory, Ogden House, a federal style residence located in Sandusky was cited for significance between 1825 and 1849 and listed on The National Register of Historic Places in 1982; ()

Monroe County
 The Mallory House, a stately Victorian home located in Woodsfield.

Oregon

Grant County
 Mallory Creek flows from Mallory Spring in the North Fork John Day Wilderness; ()

Klamath County
 Mallory Reservoir; ()
 Mallory Spring; ()

Morrow County
 Mallory Spring; ()

Multnomah County
 Mallory Hotel is the former name of Portland's Hotel deLuxe.  It was built in 1912 and in 2006 the name was changed to DeLuxe.   (Coordinates: 45°31′15.4″N 122°41′15.6″W)
 Mallory Meadows is a City Park in Portland; ()

Pennsylvania

Bradford County
 Mallory Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River; ()

South Carolina

Dillon County
 Mallory Church of God; ()
 Mallory Cross Roads is located at the intersection of Bay Catfish Road and Catfish Church Road; ()

South Dakota

Lawrence County
 Mallory Gulch is a valley along tributaries of Sand Creek that flow from South Dakota into Wyoming; ()

Perkins County
 Mallory Draw is a valley along a tributary of Rabbit Creek()

Tennessee

Cheatham County
 Mallory Church is located in Thomasville; ()

Shelby County
 Mallory is a neighborhood in the southwest part of Memphis; ()
 Mallory Bayou is a stream near Memphis; ()
 Mallory-Neely House in Victorian Village was built in 1852 and the home of Barton Lee Mallory and Daisy Neely after they were married in 1900; ()
 William Neely Mallory Gymnasium, built in 1952 on the Rhodes College campus in Memphis; ()

Williamson County
 Mallory Branch is a stream flowing from a spring house at CoolSprings Galleria; ()

Texas

Delta County
 Mallory Creek, also known as Honey Creek where it arises in Lamar County is a tributary of the North Sulphur River's Old River Channel; ()

Lamar County
 Branch Mallory Creek Bridge, is a pony truss bridge built in 1968 over a branch of Mallory Creek on County Road 24140;()

Vermont

Washington County
 Mallory Brook is a tributary of the Winooski River; ()

Virginia

Buckingham County
 Mallorys Creek is a tributary of the James River; ()

Essex County
 Mallory Point is a cape on the Rappahannock River; ()

Isle of Wight County
 Mallory Todd House, built in 1753 is a private residence in Smithfield; ()

King William County
 Mallory Creek joins Jacks Creek before it flows into the Pamunkey River; ()

Nelson County
 Mallory Creek joins Pauls Creek before it flows into the Rockfish River; ()

Nottoway County
 Mallorys Creek is a tributary of the Little Nottoway River near Mallory Hill Road;()

Rockbridge County
 Mallory Hall is a Virginia Military Institute academic building near the southwest corner of the Parade Grounds in Lexington; ()

Washington

Asotin County
 Mallory Ridge, elevation  et; ()

West Virginia

Kanawha County
 Mallory Airport is a private-use airport located near South Charleston; ()

Logan County
 Mallory is a census-designated place (CDP) named when Mallory Coal Co. began operations there in 1917; ()

Wyoming

Crook County
 Mallory Gulch is a valley along tributaries of Sand Creek that flow into Wyoming from South Dakota; ()

Oceania

New Zealand

South Island, Te Waipounamu
Mallory Peak, elevation ca.  is in the Otago region;
Mount Mallory, elevation ca.  is in the West Coast region;

Fictional places
 Malory Towers is a fictional Cornish seaside boarding school in a series of six novels by British children's author Enid Blyton

Historical
This is a list of historical places named Mallory which no longer exist or are known by other names.

 Charles Henry Mallory House, a clapboard residence built in Mystic, Connecticut in 1884 and razed in the early twentieth century; ()
 Charles Mallory & Sons Shipyards built sail and steam powered ships from 1851 to 1875 on the current site of the Henry B. duPont Preservation Shipyard in Mystic Seaport, New London County, Connecticut; ()
 C.H. Mallory & Co., founded in 1865 by Charles Henry Mallory, operated passenger service, freight shipping and other subsidiaries from its main office 139 Front Street in New York City; (). The Mallory Steamship Lines were incorporated into the New York & Texas Steamship Company which became the Mallory-Clyde Lines after it was sold in 1906. The company's branch office address was 385 Broadway; ().
 D.D. Mallory & Co. was an oyster and fruit cannery owned by Dwight Davidson Mallory based near Fell's Point in Baltimore, Maryland from 1862 to 1882; (). Also a wholesale grocery distributor, other locations retained the name under different owners, including Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan until 1892; ()
 F.B. Mallory, Inc., established in 1908, operated a dairy where duplexes are now located in Springfield, Massachusetts; ()
 George W. Mallory House was an 1880s mansard-roofed residence on what is now a parking lot in Mystic, Connecticut; ()
 Hotel Mallory, commissioned by Rufus Mallory and built in 1912, the 130 room Portland, Oregon landmark was renamed "Hotel deLuxe" after a major renovation in 2006; ()
 Malore Manor House was probably built by Geoffrey Mallory between 1154 and 1189 just north of Kirkby Mallory in Leicestershire, England; all traces of the structure, surrounding moats and fortifications have disappeared; ()
 Mallory Air Force Depot, built in 1943, was the second largest employer in Memphis, Tennessee at over 3,000 civilians, 34 officers and 14 airmen when plans for its gradual closing were announced in 1957; ()
 Mallory and Mallory Post Office were historical place names for a location on the railroad between Defiance and Manila in Shelby County, Iowa; ()
 Mallory Castle, formally known as "Ilion," was a mansion built by Smith H. Mallory north of Chariton, Iowa in 1879 and razed in 1955; ()
 Mallory Dairy Bar served ice cream and sandwiches in Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts; ()
 Mallory Dock, built in 1927 was formally rededicated as The Texas Cruise Ship Terminal 27 September 2000 after a $10.6 million renovation project at Piers 23 through 26 on Galveston Island, Texas; ()
 Mallory Farmhouse, home of Cecil Roy Mallory, built about 1915 on the Pacific Coast in Mendocino County, California is no longer on its original site.  It was moved back from the highway and renovated for use as a modern bed and breakfast facility called "Mallory House"
 Mallory Ford was a crossing point on the North Anna River near present-day State Route 639 in Orange County, Virginia; ()
 Mallory Grove, located on the old Kidder Road about a mile west of Hamilton () in Caldwell County, Missouri, was a woods that was cut down before the 1930s
 Mallory Hat Company, the E.A. Mallory Company, operated in Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut from 1860 until 1969 when its  site was purchased by the Danbury Hat Company; ()
 Mallory House, located on the site of one of the oldest dwellings in downtown Oberlin, Ohio was drastically renovated by Mary Pope Mallory in 1932 and re-dedicated as "Shansi House" in 2002()
 Mallory Mill was located on what is now Old Dowling Mill Road between Choccolocco and Old Davisville in Calhoun County, Alabama; ()
 Mallory Mineral Springs was a popular gathering place east of Berea in Madison County, Kentucky ()
 Mallory Opera House built in 1807 by Charles H. Mallory in Paola, Miami County, Kansas, burned 27 October 1921
 Mallory Post Office in Beaver County, Oklahoma was named for the first postmaster, F.C. Mallory 15 Jul 1905 and abandoned 31 Dec 1907
 Mallory Post Office was located in Louisa County, Virginia;  ()
 Mallory School was founded by Alexander Mallory, Jr. upon his return to Brunswick County, Virginia after the Civil War; ()
 Mallory School was located in Portage County, Wisconsin; ()
 Mallory School was located in Ray County, Missouri; ()
 Mallory School was near Mallory Road in Crawford County, Pennsylvania; ()
 Mallory School was near Mallory Road in Morgan County, Georgia; ()
 Mallory's Opera Block, built by Smith H. Mallory in Chariton, Iowa was destroyed by fire in 1904; ()
 Mallory Spring, a convenient source of fresh water for travellers and their horses on the road between Elkton and Claymour in Todd County, Kentucky  purchased from the Mallory family by the State in 1931 and developed as part of Blue and Gray Park; the spring remains, but the park no longer exists; ()
 Mallory's, or Mallory was a historical place-name in Williamson County, Tennessee, likely taking its name from the Revolutionary War pensioner, Roger Mallory whose homeplace was near present-day Mallory Station Road; ()
 Mallory was a historical place name in Shelby County, Alabama; ()
 Mallory was the historical place name for present-day Riverdale in Sumner County, Kansas; ()
 Mallory Wharf was a series of wooden piers on the east bank of Mystic River adjoining Charles Mallory & Sons Shipyards in Mystic, Connecticut
 Mallory Wharf was located between the foot of Mansfield Street and Monck Street in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia; ()
 Mount Mallory, was a neighborhood in Big Grove Township, Kendall County, Illinois where Elmer F. Mallory's family settled in 1836; It may have been in or near the area known today as Mount Pleasant; ()

See also
 Eponym
 Mallory as a surname
 Toponymy

References

Mallory

de:Mallory
ja:マロリー Charles Shannon Mallory (September 9, 1936 – April 4, 2018), styled C. Shannon Mallory, was the inaugural Bishop of Botswana, consecrated in Gaborone in 1972; and afterwards inaugural Bishop of El Camino Real.

Younger years, education and ordination and family 
Charles Shannon Mallory was born September 9th, 1936,in Texas to Hazel and William Lee Mallory. At a very young age his family moved to California and his childhood and school years were spent in Van Nuys, Los Angeles. He married his childhood sweetheart, Armonda Lou Mallory ("Mondi") on December 18, 1955 in St. Marks Episcopal Church, Van Nuys.  Mallory graduated with a BA degree from the University of California (U.C.L.A.) in 1958. He proceeded to complete a Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus from the General Theological Seminary in New York City in 1961. Ordained deacon in that year by Bishop I.I. Curtis of the United States of America, he became a priest in Damaraland, South West Africa (Namibia) later the same year. Mallory later continued academic work and was awarded an MA from Rhodes University, Grahamstown, in 1971.Shannon and Mondi had five children, four of them born while serving in Namibia, or what was then known as South West Africa.Personal knowledge

Southern Africa
Following ordination, Mallory served in Damaraland, first as Rector of Tsumeb, until 1962, and subsequently as Director of the Ovamboland Mission, also in South West Africa (Namibia), from 1963 to 1969, serving as Archdeacon of Ovamboland from 1964. He spent two years as Chaplain to the Diocesan School for Girls in Grahamstown, South Africa, from 1970 to 1971, while also pursuing academic objectives, this being followed by a lectureship at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, from 1971 to 1972, prior to his election as first Bishop of Botswana.

Inaugural Bishop of Botswana
Elected to head the new See of Botswana in June 1972, it was on 31 December of that year, in Gaborone, that Mallory was consecrated by the Bishop of Mashonaland with the Bishops of Bloemfontein, Zululand, Matabeleland, Swaziland, and the Bishop Suffragan of Cape Town.

The new Diocese, formerly falling under the Diocese of Matabeleland, its Bishop in Bulawayo, had no more than six priests, a few widely scattered congregations, and, in the capital city, no cathedral. Mallory, who for lack of an Anglican cathedral had been consecrated in Gaborone’s Roman Catholic Cathedral, made the building of one amongst the goals of his episcopate, following consultation with his congregations as to immediate priorities. Anglicans and non-Anglicans of Gaborone contributed to the costs, companies and individuals; De Beers gave generously. By 1977 building commenced, and the new Cathedral of Holy Cross was dedicated by Mallory as one of his last official functions as Bishop of Botswana on 26 November 1978. It was not before September 2004, however, that the diocese obtained a title deed to the land on which the cathedral stood and hence it was only in that year, under Theo Naledi, that the cathedral was finally consecrated.

Return to the USA
Mallory resigned from Botswana in 1978 and was, from 1979, Assisting Bishop in the Diocese of Long Island. He was soon after elected to the new Diocese of El Camino Real, California, and appointed in 1980. Mallory served the diocese until his retirement in 1990.

In retirement
While Bishop Mallory's longtime interests and specializations had been in global affairs, and in multi cultural and multi religious practices, more recently he had been developing and teaching on ministry to the dying.

Death
Bishop Mallory died on April 4, 2018, in Monterey, California.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
University of California alumni
General Theological Seminary alumni
Rhodes University alumni
Anglican bishops of Botswana
20th-century Anglican bishops in Africa
20th-century Anglican bishops in the United States
Episcopal bishops of El Camino Real