 
 
 
Exogenous Lactate Augments Exercise-Induced 
Improvement in Memory but not in Hippocampal 
Neurogenesis 
Deunsol Hwang1,2,†, Jisu Kim1,2,†, Sunghwan Kyun1,2, Inkwon Jang1,2, Taeho 
Kim1,2, Hun-Young Park1,2, and Kiwon Lim1,2,3,*  
1Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, 
Konkuk University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea 
2Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea 
3Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea 
*exercise@konkuk.ac.kr 
†These authors have contributed equally to this work 
 
  
 
Supplementary Table 1. Information of used antibodies for immunoblotting in the experiment. 
Primary antibody 
Secondary antibody 
Target 
Molecular 
Weight 
(kDa) 
Concentration 
Cat.No 
(manufacturer) 
Target 
Concentration 
Cat.No 
(manufacturer) 
FNDC5 
24, 48 
1:1000 
ab174833 
(Abcam) 
anti-
rabbit 
1:2000 
sc-2357 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
BDNF 
15 
1:1000 
ab108319 
(Abcam) 
1:4000 
PGC1α 
92 - 105 
1:1000 
ab54481 
(Abcam) 
1:2000 
MCT2 
43 
1:200 
sc-166925 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
anti-
mouse 
1:1000 
sc-516102 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
MCT1 
54 
1:500 
ab93048 
(Abcam) 
anti-
rabbit 
1:1000 
sc-2357 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
VEGFA 
23, 45 
1:1000 
ab46154 
(Abcam) 
1:10000 
HCAR1 
40 
1:2000 
NLS2095 
(NONUS 
Biologicals) 
1:4000 
beta-
actin 
43 
1:2000 
sc-47778 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
anti-
mouse 
1:4000 
sc-516102 
(Santa Cruz 
Biotechnology) 
 
130
93
70
53
41
30
22
18
14
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
No. 1 membrane 
beta-actin
beta-actin
a plantaris muscle sample
14
18
22
30
41
53
70
93
130
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
FNDC5
FNDC5
14
18
22
30
41
53
70
130
93
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
BDNF
BDNF
Supplementary Figure 1. The original blots of hippocampal protein expression of FNDC5 and BDNF that
presented in Fig. 5D. The result of (A) beta-actin, (B) FNDC5, and (C) BDNF is obtained from No. 1
membrane. The result of (D) beta-actin, (E) FNDC5, and (F) BDNF is obtained from No. 2 membrane. To check
analysis conditions of plantaris muscle for another study, one plantaris muscle sample was running together.
VEH, sedentary without lactate; LAC, sedentary with lactate; EXE+VEH, exercise without lactate; EXE+LAC,
exercise with lactate; FNDC5, fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5; BDNF, brain derived
neurotrophic factor.
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
(C)
(F)
No. 1 membrane 
No. 1 membrane 
No. 2 membrane 
No. 2 membrane 
No. 2 membrane 
kDa
kDa
kDa
Supplementary Figure 2. The original blots of hippocampal protein expression of PGC1α that presented in
Fig. 5D. The result of (A) beta-actin and (B) PGC1α is obtained from No. 3 membrane. The result of (C) beta-actin
and (D) PGC1α is obtained from No. 4 membrane. To check analysis conditions of plantaris muscle for another
study, one plantaris muscle sample was running together. VEH, sedentary without lactate; LAC, sedentary with
lactate; EXE+VEH, exercise without lactate; EXE+LAC, exercise with lactate; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-
activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha.
130
130
93
70
53
41
30
22
18
93
70
53
41
30
22
18
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
beta-actin
beta-actin
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
PGC1α
PGC1α
No. 3 membrane
No. 4 membrane
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
No. 3 membrane
No. 4 membrane
kDa
kDa
Supplementary Figure 3. The original blots of hippocampal protein expression of MCT2/1 that presented in
Fig. 6C. The result of (A) beta-actin, (B) MCT2, and (C) MCT1 is obtained from No. 5 membrane. The result of (D)
beta-actin, (E) MCT2, and (F) MCT1 is obtained from No. 6 membrane. To check analysis conditions of plantaris
muscle for another study, one plantaris muscle sample was running together. VEH, sedentary without lactate; LAC,
sedentary with
lactate; EXE+VEH,
exercise
without
lactate;
EXE+LAC,
exercise
with
lactate;
MCT1/2,
monocarboxylate transporter 1/2.
130
93
70
53
41
30
22
18
14
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
No. 5 membrane
No. 6 membrane
beta-actin
beta-actin
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
22
18
14
41
30
130
93
70
53
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
MCT2
MCT2
22
18
14
41
30
130
93
70
53
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
MCT1
MCT1
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
(A)
(D)
(B)
(E)
(C)
(F)
No. 5 membrane
No. 6 membrane
No. 5 membrane
No. 6 membrane
kDa
kDa
kDa
Supplementary Figure 4. The original blots of hippocampal protein expression of VEGFA that presented in
Fig. 7C. The result of (A) beta-actin and (B) VEGFA is obtained from No. 7 membrane. The result of (C) beta-actin
and (D) VEGFA is obtained from No. 8 membrane. To check analysis conditions of plantaris muscle for another
study, one plantaris muscle sample was running together. VEH, sedentary without lactate; LAC, sedentary with
lactate; EXE+VEH, exercise without lactate; EXE+LAC, exercise with lactate; VEFGA, vascular endothelial growth
factor A.
18
30
22
41
70
93
130
53
a plantaris muscle sample
No. 7 membrane
No. 8 membrane
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH EXE+LAC
beta-actin
beta-actin
18
22
30
41
70
93
130
53
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEGFA
VEGFA
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
No. 7 membrane
No. 8 membrane
kDa
kDa
Supplementary Figure 5. The original blots of hippocampal protein expression of HCAR1 that presented in
Fig. 7C. The result of (A) beta-actin and (B) HCAR1 is obtained from No.9 membrane. The result of (C) beta-actin
and (D) HCAR1 is obtained from No. 10 membrane. To check analysis conditions of plantaris muscle for another
study, one plantaris muscle sample was running together. VEH, sedentary without lactate; LAC, sedentary with
lactate; EXE+VEH, exercise without lactate; EXE+LAC, exercise with lactate; HCAR1, hydroxycarboxylic acid
receptor 1.
18
22
30
41
70
93
130
53
14
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
beta-actin
beta-actin
No. 9 membrane 9
No. 10 membrane 
18
22
30
41
70
93
130
53
14
a plantaris muscle sample
a plantaris muscle sample
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
VEH
LAC
EXE+VEH
EXE+LAC
HCAR1
HCAR1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
No. 9 membrane 9
No. 10 membrane 
kDa
kDa

Exogenous lactate augments exercise-induced improvement in memory but not in hippocampal neurogenesis.
Hwang, Deunsol,Kim, Jisu,Kyun, Sunghwan,Jang, Inkwon,Kim, Taeho,Park, Hun-Young,Lim, Kiwon