Full title:  
The Acute Demands of Repeated-Sprint Training on Physiological, 
Neuromuscular, Perceptual and Performance Outcomes in Team Sport Athletes: 
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 
 
Running heading: 
Acute Demands of Repeated-Sprint Training 
 
Authors: 
Fraser Thurlow1,3, Jonathon Weakley1,2,3, Andrew Townshend1,3, Ryan G. 
Timmins1,3, Matthew Morrison1,3, Shaun J. McLaren4,5 
 
Affiliations:  
 
1 School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia 
2 Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett 
University, United Kingdom 
3 Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, 
Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia 
4 Newcastle Falcons Rugby Club, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom 
5 Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK 
 
 
ORCID Identifiers: Fraser Thurlow: 0000-0002-0234-9615 
Jonathon Weakley: 0000-0001-7892-4885 
Andrew D. Townshend: 0000-0002-6714-8304 
Ryan G. Timmins: 0000-0003-4964-1848 
Matthew Morrison: 0000-0002-3535-6707 
Shaun J. McLaren: 0000-0003-0480-3209 
 
Corresponding Author: 
 
Fraser Thurlow 
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, 
Australian Catholic University, 
1100 Nudgee Road, Banyo 4014, 
Queensland, 
AUSTRALIA 
E: fraser.thurlow@acu.edu.au  
 
Supplementary Table S1. Modified Downs and Black scale outcomes for the assessment of 
reporting quality and risk of bias. 
Study 
Item number 
Total score 
(out of 14) 
1 
2 
3 
6 
7 
10 
12 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
23 
25 
Abt et al. [118] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
AbuMoh’D et al. [180] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Aguiar et al. [95] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Akenhead et al. [57] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Alemdaroğlu et al. [23] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Almansba et al. [96] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Alizadeh et al. [167] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Altimari et al. [181] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Archiza et al. [182] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
12 
Attene et al. [115] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Ayarra et al. [183] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Aziz et al. [184] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Baldi et al. [185] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Balsalobre-Fernández et al. [186] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Beato et al. [187] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Beato et al. [188] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Beato & Drust [162] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Beaven et al. [189] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Binnie et al. [190] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Binnie et al. [191] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Binnie et al. [192] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Blasco-Lafarga et al. [108] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Borges et al. [193] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Brahim et al. [97] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Brini et al. [154] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
8 
Brini et al. [98] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Brini et al. [194] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Brini et al. [195] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Brini et al. [46] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Brocherie et al. [196] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Brocherie et al. [54] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Brocherie et al. [197] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
12 
Broderick et al. [141] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Buchheit [198] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Buchheit et al. [59] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Buchheit et al. [60] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Buchheit et al. [99] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Campa et al. [168] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Campos et al. [199] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Campos-Vazquez et al. [200] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Caprino et al. [201] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Castagna et al. [153] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Castagna et al. [202] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Chaouachi et al.  [203] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Charlot et al. [204] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Chen et al. [205] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Clifford et al. [34] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Corrêa et al. [206] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Costello et al. [127] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Cuadrado-Peñafiel et al. [207] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Da Silva et al. [208] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Dal Pupo et al. [116] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Study 
Item number 
Total score 
(out of 14) 
1 
2 
3 
6 
7 
10 
12 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
23 
25 
Dal Pupo et al. [209] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Daneshfar et al. [210] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Dardouri et al. [211] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
de Andrade et al. [212] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Delextrat et al. [213] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Delextrat et al. [214] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
11 
Delextrat et al. [175] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Dellal et al. [61] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Dellal & Wong [100] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Dent et al. [131] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
8 
Donghi et al. [215] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Doyle et al. [216] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Dupont et al. [217] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Dupont et al. [86] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Eliakim et al. [124] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Elias et al. [218] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Elias et al. [219] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Eniseler et al. [220] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Eryilmaz & Kaynak [221] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Eryilmaz et al. [37] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Essid et al. [222] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Farjallah et al. [223] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Figueira et al. [119] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Fornasier-Santos et al. [224] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe et al.[225] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Fortin & Billaut [226] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Freitas et al. [227] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Gabbett [228] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Gabbett et al. [89] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Gabbett et al. [229] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Gabbett et al. [230]  
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Galvin et al. [231] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
12 
Galy et al. [177] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Gantois et al. [232] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
7 
Gantois et al. [14] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Gantois et al. [233] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
García-Unanue et al. [169] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Gatterer et al. [234] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
12 
Gharbi et al. [83] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Gharbi et al. [235] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Gibson et al. [101] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Girard et al.  [236] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Girard et al. [149] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
González-Frutos et al. [237] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Gonzalo-skok et al. [102] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Goodall et al. [238] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Hamlin et al. [239] 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
9 
Hamlin et al. [240] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Hammami et al. [241] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Haugen et al. [62] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Haugen et al. [128] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Hermassi et al. [242] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Higham et al. [90] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Hollville et al. [243] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Howatson et al. [35] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Study 
Item number 
Total score 
(out of 14) 
1 
2 
3 
6 
7 
10 
12 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
23 
25 
Iaia et al. [120] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Iaia et al. [19] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Impellizzeri et al. [170] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Ingebrigtsen et al. [244] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Ingebrigtsen et al. [171] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Iacono et al. [42] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Izquierdo et al. [140] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Jang & Joo [245] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Jiménez-Reyes et al. [246] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Johnston & Gabbett [40] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Joo [110] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Jorge et al. [247] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Kaplan [109] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Keir et al. [25] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Keogh et al. [172] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Kilduff et al. [248] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Klatt et al. [36] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Krakan et al. [249] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Krueger et al. [250] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Lakomy et al. [78] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Lapointe et al. [251]  
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Le Rossignol et al. [173] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Little & Williams [121] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
7 
Lockie et al. [252] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Lockie et al. [253] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Lockie et al. [254] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Lombard et al. [255] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Madueno et al. [24] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Maggioni et al. [16] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Mancha-Triguero et al. [139] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Marcelino et al. [256] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Matzenbacher et al. [257] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
McGawley & Andersson [258] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Meckel et al. [259] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
8 
Meckel et al. [260] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Meckel et al. [261] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Meckel et al. [262] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Meckel et al. [263] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Michalsik et al. [264] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Mohr et al. [265] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Mohr et al. [266] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
10 
Mohr et al. [267] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Moncef et al. [268] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Morcillo et al. [48] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Moreira et al. [269] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Mujika et al. [164] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Müller et al. [270] 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Okuno et al. [271] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Nakamura et al. [272] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Nascimento et al [273] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Nedrehagen & Saeterbakken [274] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Nikolaidis et al. [275] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Padulo et al. [276] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Padulo et al. [277] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Padulo et al. [114] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Notes: 0 = no; 1 = yes; U = unable to determine. Item 1: clear aim/hypothesis; Item 2: outcome measures clearly described; Item 3: patient 
characteristics clearly described; Item 6: main findings clearly described; Item 7: measures of random variability provided; Item 10: actual 
probability values reported; Item 12: participants prepared to participate representative of the entire population; Item 15: blinding of outcome 
measures; Item 16: analysis completed was planned; Item 18: appropriate statistics; Item 20: valid and reliable outcome measures; Item 22: 
participants recruited over the same period; Item 23: randomised; Item 25: adjustment made for confounding variables. 
 
Study 
Item number 
Total score 
(out of 14) 
1 
2 
3 
6 
7 
10 
12 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
23 
25 
Padulo et al [156] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Padulo et al. [150] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Paulauskas et al. [122] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Perroni et al. [103] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Petisco et al. [278] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Purkhús et al. [279] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Pyne et al. [280] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Ramírez-Campillo et al. [281] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Rampinini et al. [282] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Rampinini et al. [174] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Rey et al. [283] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Rodríguez-Fernández et al. [165] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Rodríguez-Fernández et al. [284] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Røksund et al. [285] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Ruscello et al. [286] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Ruscello et al. [104] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Russell et al. [123] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Salleh et al. [287] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Sánchez-Sánchez et al. [117] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
Sánchez-Sánchez et al. [288] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Sánchez-Sánchez et al. [289] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Sanders et al. [290]  
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Scanlan et al. [291] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Scanlan et al. [292] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Selmi et al. [58] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Selmi et al. [293] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Shalfawi et al. [294] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Shalfawi et al. [295] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Shalfawi et al. [296] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Silva et al. [297] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Soares-Caldeira et al. [298] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Spineti et al. [299] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Stojanovic et al. [300] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Suarez-Arrones et al. [105] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Taylor et al. [2] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Teixeira et al. [301] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Thomassen et al. [302] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Tønnessen et al. [303] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
10 
Torreblanca-Martinez et al. [304] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Tounsi et al. [176] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Trecroci et al. [305] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Turki et al. [111] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Ulupinar et al. [126] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Ulupinar et al. [125] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Van den Tillaar et al. [306] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Vasquez-Bonilla et al. [307] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Wadley &  Le Rossignol  [308] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
West et al. [309] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Woolley et al. [33] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
8 
Yanci et al. [310] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
9 
Zagatto et al. [106] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
10 
Zagatto et al. [311] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
11 
Zagatto et al. [107] 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Supplementary Table S2. Summary of participant and study characteristics from all included studies. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Abt et al. [118] 
11 
(NR) 
SOC 
TRA 
NR 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
6 different, time-matched RS protocols (∼60 s), performed 
twice each on an indoor synthetic sports floor, separated by 3−7 
days.  
AbuMoh’d et al. 
[180] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
NR 
NR 
NR 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an athletics track, before an intervention. 
Aguiar et al. [95] 
34 
SOC 
NAT 
INT: 27 ± 5 
CON: 27 ± 5 
INT: 175 ± 5 
CON: 175 ± 6 
INT: 73 ± 5 
CON: 73 ± 7 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test before an intervention 
Akenhead et al. 
[57] 
9 
SOC 
NAT 
26 ± 3 
172 ± 6 
71 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test performed in an indoor sports hall. Test ends when Sdec 
= 5% for 2 consecutive trials.  
Alemdaroğlu et 
al. [23] 
9 
SOC 
TRA 
18 ± 1 
177 ± 5 
74 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS tests performed twice each on an AG pitch, 
separated by 48 hrs. 
Alizadeh et al. 
[167] 
41 
SOC 
NAT 
High: 17 ± 1 
Med: 18 ± 1 
Low: 17 ± 1 
High: 177 ± 3 
Med: 174 ± 5 
Low: 171 ± 5 
High: 71 ± 4 
Med: 66 ± 5 
Low: 67 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test. Results according to the criterion of VO2max 
Almansba et al. 
[96] 
17 
SOC 
NAT 
16 ± 0 
175 ± 1 
67 ± 9 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 RS tests performed on AG, separated by 72 hrs. 
Altimari et al. 
[181] 
46 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 0 
174 ± 5 
64 ± 4 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a SOC field. U17 group only, birth tertiles combined. 
Archiza et al. 
[182] 
18 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT 
Sham: 20 ± 2 
INT: 22 ± 4 
Sham: 160 ± 0 
INT: 160 ± 0 
Sham: 55 ± 5 
INT: 56 ± 6 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on a grass field, before an intervention. 
Attene et al. 
[115] 
36 
(39%) 
BB 
NAT 
M: 16 ± 1; 
F: 16 ± 1 
M: 178 ± 1 
F: 165 ± 1 
M: 66 ± 6 
F: 56 ± 7 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r)  
2 different baseline RS tests on an indoor court, as part of a 
testing battery, before a RST intervention.  
Ayarra et al. 
[183] 
40 
FUT 
TRA 
22 ± 5 
176 ± 7 
70 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test on an indoor wooden surface. 
Aziz et al. [184] 
40 
MIX 
INTL 
23 ± 4 
173 ± 1 
64 ± 6 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on NG, as part of a testing battery. 
Baldi et al. [185] 
26 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 4 
178 ± 6 
72 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG, as part of a testing battery. 
Balsalobre-
Fernández et al. 
[186] 
11 
BB 
NAT 
25 ± 6 
200 ± 11 
99 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test in an indoor hall. 
Beato et al. [187] 
36 
SOC 
TRA 
21 ± 2 
179 ± 7 
74 ± 7 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention and RS training data 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Beato et al. [188] 
20 
SOC 
NAT 
18−21 
177 ± 6 
71 ± 7 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention and RS training data 
Beato & Drust 
[162] 
16 
SOC 
TRA 
21 ± 1 
179 ± 8 
71 ± 8 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on a synthetic outdoor track. Sub-maximal RS test 
excluded from the review. 
Beaven et al. 
[189] 
12 
RUG 
NAT 
22 ± 1  
185 ± 4 
96 ± 9 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on an indoor running track. 
Binnie et al. 
[190] 
24 
(0%) 
HOC 
NR 
SAN: 19 ± 7 
GRA: 21 ± 4 
SAN: 168 ± 12 
GRA: 167 ± 67 
SAN: 66 ± 9 
GRA: 63 ± 6 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test in a gymnasium, before an intervention. 
Participant’s pair-matched by VO2max. 
Binnie et al. 
[191] 
10 
(70%) 
HOC/
NET 
NAT 
M: 23 ± 3  
F: 20 ± 3 
M: 182 ± 5 
F: 176 ± 11 
M: 83 ± 6 
F: 69 ± 15 
 
NC 
 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test in a gymnasium. 
Binnie et al. 
[192] 
10 
(80%) 
HOC/
NET 
NR 
M: 22 ± 2 
F: 21 ± 1 
M; 181 ± 5  
F: 179 ± 14 
M: 78 ± 6  
F: 74 ± 18 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test in a gymnasium 
Blasco-Lafarga 
et al. [108] 
13 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
172 ± 4 
68 ± 6 
 
NC  
CRO  
RS test on a SOC pitch. 
Borges et al. 
[193] 
20 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
175 ± 7 
69 ± 9 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Brahim et al. 
[97] 
27 
SOC 
NAT 
DEF: 18 ± 1 
MID: 18 ± 1 
FWD: 17 ± 1  
DEF: 183 ± 6  
MID: 178 ± 5 
FWD: 180 ± 5  
DEF: 75 ± 9 
MID: 70 ± 7 
FWD: 72 ± 4 
 
NC 
OBS 
3 different RS tests on NG, separated by > 1 day. 
Brini et al. [154] 
16 
BB 
NR  
23 ± 3 
186 ± 10 
78 ± 8 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS protocols, separated by 48-hrs.  
Brini et al. [98] 
16 
BB 
NAT 
22 ± 3 
186 ± 10 
78 ± 8 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test before an intervention. 
Brini et al. [194] 
16 
BB 
NR 
23 ± 2 
186 ± 9 
78 ± 11 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test before an intervention.  
Brini et al. [195]  
16 
BB 
NAT 
23 ± 2 
186 ± 10 
78 ± 8 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on a BB court, separated by > 48-hrs. 
Brini et al. [46] 
40 
BB 
NAT 
27 ± 3 
192 ± 9 
88 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a wooden BB court. 
Brocherie et al. 
[196] 
16 
SOC 
INTL 
27 ± 4 
177 ± 4 
72 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG, as part of a testing battery. 
Brocherie et al. 
[54] 
8 
SOC 
INTL 
28 ± 5 
176 ± 4 
 72 ± 3 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Brocherie et al. 
[197] 
36 
HOC 
NAT 
25 ± 5 
178 ± 6 
76 ± 8 
 
C 
PAG 
(r)  
Baseline RS test on an indoor synthetic floor, before an 
intervention. 
Broderick et al. 
[141] 
19 
MIX 
TRA 
21.0 ± 2.0 
178.8 ± 7.2 
8.1 ± 8.9 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS tests in an indoor gymnasium, separated by 7 days. 
Buchheit [198] 
27 
MIX 
NAT 
HB: 23 ± 3  
TS3: 23 ± 4 
HB: 188 ± 7 
TS3: 180 ± 8 
HB: 88 ± 11 
TS3: 77 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS tests were performed by different groups of athletes on an 
indoor synthetic track.  
Buchheit et al. 
[59] 
13 
 
MIX 
NR 
22 ± 3 
179 ± 5 
75 ± 5 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS protocols on an indoor synthetic track, separated 
by > 48-hrs. 
Buchheit et al. 
[60] 
13 
 
MIX 
NR 
22 ± 3 
179 ± 5 
75 ± 5 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS protocols on an indoor synthetic track, separated 
by > 48-hrs. 
Buchheit et al. 
[99] 
12 
MIX 
NAT 
22 ± 2 
178 ± 8 
76 ± 4 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS protocols on an indoor synthetic track, separated 
by > 48-hrs. 
Campa et al. 
[168] 
36 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
EL: 177 ± 6 
S-EL: 178 ± 6 
EL: 69 ± 4 
S-EL: 70 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on NG. 
Campos et al. 
[199] 
11 
FUT 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
178 ± 7 
71 ± 6 
 
NC 
PAG 
Baseline RS test on an indoor FUT court before an intervention. 
Campos-
Vazquez et al. 
[200] 
21 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
177 ± 6 
70 ± 7 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on AG, before an intervention. 
Caprino et al. 
[201] 
10 
BB 
TRA 
16 ± 1 
184 + 7 
77 + 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test before an official BB match. 
Castagna et al. 
[153] 
16 
BB 
TRA 
17 ± 1 
181 ± 6 
73 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on an indoor wooden BB court, separated 
by > 48-hrs, as part of a testing battery. 
Castagna et al. 
[202] 
18 
BB 
TRA 
17 ± 1 
181 ± 6 
73 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor wooden BB court, separated by > 48-hrs. 
Chaouachi et al.  
[203] 
23 
SOC 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
181 ± 6 
73 ± 4 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on an indoor synthetic track.  
Charlot et al. 
[204] 
10 
FUT 
NAT 
26 ± 4 
170 ± 7 
70 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS* 
RS test before a FUT tournament 
Chen et al. [205] 
26 
SOC 
NAT 
21 ± 1 
173 ± 4 
65 ± 5 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on an indoor synthetic surface.  
Clifford et al. 
[34] 
20 
MIX 
NAT 
CON: 21 ± 2 
INT: 23 ± 3 
CON: 177 ± 1 
INT: 183 ± 1 
CON: 73 ± 12 
INT: 77 ± 10 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention period. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Corrêa et al. 
[206] 
10 
SOC 
TRA 
19 ± 1 
179 ± 0 
71 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS* 
Baseline RS test on outdoor NG. 
Costello et al. 
[127] 
24 
RUG 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
182 ± 5 
88 ± 9 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS protocol (session 1 & day 1 only) 
Cuadrado-
Peñafiel et al. 
[207] 
37 
SOC/
FUT 
NAT 
SOC: 29 ± 1 
FUT: 27 ± 5 
SOC: 178 ± 1 
FUT: 179 ± 1 
SOC: 73 ± 12 
FUT: 75 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test 
Da Silva et al. 
[208] 
29 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1  
179 ± 5 
74 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test. 
Dal Pupo [116] 
14 
FUT 
TRA 
U17 
170 ± 6 
63 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on a FUT court, separated by 48-hrs. 
Dal Pupo et al. 
[209] 
7 
FUT 
TRA 
16 ± 1 
172 ± 9 
65 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on a concrete floor, separated by 48-hrs. 
Daneshfar et al. 
[210] 
20 
HB 
INTL 
16 ± 1 
185 ± 5 
83 ± 6 
 
NC 
 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests were performed indoors, separated by 48-
hrs, as part of a testing battery. 
Dardouri et al. 
[211] 
29 
MIX 
NR 
23 ± 2 
180 ± 10 
69 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test, indoors, as part of a testing battery. 
de Andrade et al. 
[212] 
16 
MIX 
NAT 
22 ± 3 
186 ± 10 
79 ± 23 
 
NC 
OBS  
Single RS test on an indoor rigid surface. 
Delextrat et al. 
[213] 
17 
(53%) 
BB 
TRA 
M: 22 ± 3 
F: 21 ± 3 
M: 19 ± 9  
F: 176 ± 8 
M: 91 ± 10  
F: 74 ± 10 
 
C  
CRO 
(ran) 
(r) 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
Delextrat et al. 
[214] 
31 
BB 
TRA 
FWD: 16 ± 1 
G: 17 ± 1 
CEN: 16 ± 1 
FWD: 183 ± 5  
G: 175 ± 6 
CEN: 191 ± 8 
FWD: 75 ± 7 
G: 69 ± 5  
CEN: 81 ± 3 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
RS test, as part of a testing battery. 
Delextrat et al. 
[175] 
16 
(50%) 
BB 
TRA 
M: 23 ± 3 
F: 22 ± 2 
M: 191 ± 9 
F: 179 ± 9 
M: 90 ± 10 
F: 78 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG 
(ran) 
(r) 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
Dellal et al. [61] 
22 
SOC 
INTL 
24 ± 4 
178 ± 6 
80 ± 6 
 
NC 
OBS 
3 different RS protocols performed indoors, separated by > 48-
hrs, as part of a testing battery. 
Dellal & Wong 
[100] 
39 
SOC 
NAT  
Open age to 
U17  
PRO: 180 ± 4 
U19: 178 ± 7 
U17: 180 ± 6 
PRO: 72 ± 4 
U19: 69 ± 6 
U17: 67 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
2 different RS tests on AG, separated by 1 week. 
Dent et al. [131] 
15 
(47%) 
SOC 
TRA 
M: 20 ± 2  
F: 19 ± 2 
NR 
M: 79 ± 11 
F: 62 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
Single RS protocol. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Donghi et al. 
[215] 
12 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
178 ± 6 
69 ± 4 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test in an indoor gym,  
Doyle et al. [216] 
25 
(0%) 
SOC 
INTL 
19 ± 3 
167 ± 6 
63 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test performed on an indoor surface.  
Dupont et al. 
[217] 
12 
SOC 
TRA 
23 ± 4 
179 ± 6 
72 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor tartan track. 
Dupont et al. 
[86] 
11 
SOC 
TRA 
25 ± 4 
176 ± 6 
68 ± 4 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor tartan track. 
Eliakim et al. 
[124] 
12 
BB 
NAT 
16 ± 1 
186 ± 10 
76 ± 6 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on a BB court, CON condition only. 
Elias et al. [218] 
14 
ARF 
NAT 
21 ± 3  
186 ± 7 
80 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor, wooden surface.  
Elias et al. [219] 
24 
ARF 
NAT 
20 ± 3 
186 ± 6 
81 ± 8 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor wooden sprung floor, before an 
intervention. 
Eniseler et al. 
[220] 
19 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
174 ± 5 
66 ± 6 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on NG before an intervention 
Eryilmaz & 
Kaynak [221] 
16 
VB 
TRA 
21 ± 1 
184 ± 5 
74 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor VB court. 
Eryilmaz et al. 
[37] 
12 
MIX 
TRA 
24 ± 4 
179 ± 6 
73 ± 9 
 
NC 
SG 
Data extracted from one session during a RST intervention. 
Essid et al. [222] 
18 
HB 
NAT 
17 ± 0.3 
190 ± 10 
78 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test (morning session only) 
Farjallah et al. 
[223] 
20 
SOC 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
180 ± 10 
70 ± 11 
 
C 
PAG 
 
RS test on a SOC field, before an intervention. 
Figueira et al. 
[119] 
12 
BB 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
190 ± 7 
86 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests. 
Fornasier-Santos 
et al. [224] 
35 
RUG 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
182 ± 7 
95 ± 15 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor, concrete floor and RS training 
data from the control group.  
Fort-
Vanmeerhaeghe 
et al.[225] 
11 
HB 
(0%) 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
182 ± 7 
70 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a BB court 
Fortin & Billaut 
[226] 
15 
AF 
TRA 
21 ± 2 
188 ± 19 
82 ± 3 
 
NC 
PAG 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Freitas et al. 
[227] 
9 
BB 
NAT 
21 ± 3 
198 ± 8 
93 ± 15 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
Baseline RS test in an indoor centre. 
Gabbett [228] 
19 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT /  
INTL 
18 ± 3 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
OBS 
Same RS test, repeated twice.  
Gabbett et al. 
[89] 
58 
RUG 
NAT 
24 ± 4  
184 ± 6 
97 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a synthetic surface, as part of a testing battery. 
Gabbett et al. 
[229] 
86 
RUG 
NAT 
ST: 25 ± 4 
N-ST: 23 ± 4 
N-SEL: 22 ± 
4 
ST: 185 ± 5 
N-ST: 182 ± 6  
N-SEL: 183 ± 7 
ST: 96 ± 8  
N-ST: 99 ± 12 
N-SEL: 96 ± 11 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a synthetic surface, as part of a testing battery. 
Gabbett et al. 
[230] 
16 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT / 
INTL 
18.3 ± 2.8 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
PAG 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
Galvin et al. 
[231] 
42 
RUG 
NAT 
18 ± 2 
183 ± 7 
88 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test performed outdoors, before an intervention. 
Galy et al. [177] 
22 
FUT 
INTL 
MG: 24 ± 4  
N-MG: 23 ± 
5 
MG: 173 ± 5 | 
N-MG: 180 ± 8 
MG: 72 ± 7  
N-MG: 74 ± 12 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor synthetic court, as part of a testing battery.  
Gantois et al. 
[232] 
20 
BB 
NAT 
18-24 
180 ± 6 
81 ± 13 
 
NC 
 
OBS 
RS test on a BB court. 
Gantois et al. 
[14] 
20 
BB 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
181 ± 8 
74 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on a BB court, before an intervention.  
Gantois et al. 
[233] 
12 
BB 
NAT 
22 ± 3 
180 ± 2 
81 ± 14 
 
NC 
SG 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
García-Unanue et 
al. [169] 
33 
FUT 
NAT / 
TRA 
23 ± 4 
176 ± 6 
73 ± 6 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a FUT field. Results according to playing level. 
Gatterer et al. 
[234] 
14 
SOC 
TRA 
24 ± 2 
178 ± 7 
77 ± 7 
 
C 
PAG 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
Gharbi et al. [83] 
20 
MIX 
TRA 
22 ± 3 
178 ± 7 
71 ± 8 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Series of RS protocols on an indoor synthetic surface, separated 
by >24 hrs. 
Gharbi et al. 
[235] 
16 
MIX 
TRA 
23 ± 2 
178 ± 4  
72 ± 3 
 
C 
OBS 
(ran) 
RS test on an indoor synthetic surface 
Gibson et al. 
[101] 
32 
SOC 
TRA 
18 ± 1 
179 ± 5 
177 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor synthetic surface 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Girard et al.  
[236] 
12 
SOC 
INTL 
28 ± 5 
176 ± 4 
64 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG, wearing normal football boots with 
plantar pressure insoles inserted. 
Girard et al. 
[149] 
13 
SOC 
NAT  
18 ± 1 
190 ± 10 
83 ± 10 
 
NC 
 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG, wearing normal football boots with 
plantar pressure insoles inserted. 
González-Frutos 
et al. [237] 
13 
(0%) 
HOC 
INTL 
25 ± 6 
167 ± 4 
59 ± 4 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test 
Gonzalo-skok et 
al. [102] 
22 
BB 
NAT 
16 ± 1 
180 ± 6 
81 ± 13 
 
C 
 
PAG 
(r) 
2 different RS tests were performed on an indoor BB court, as 
part of a testing battery, before an intervention. 
Goodall et al. 
[238] 
12 
MIX 
NR 
25 ± 6 
180 ± 7 
77 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS protocol. 
Hamlin et al. 
[239] 
20 
(85%) 
RUG 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
180 ± 10 
85 ± 14 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
Baseline RS protocol, before an intervention.  
Hamlin et al. 
[240] 
19 
RUG 
TRA 
CON: 22 ± 4 
INT: 20 ± 2 
CON: 178 ± 5 
INT: 174 ± 5 
CON: 88 ± 14 
INT: 77 ± 10 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test in an indoor stadium, on 2 separate occasions, 
4−5 days apart. 
Hammami et al. 
[241] 
28 
HB 
NAT 
INT: 17 ± 0 
CON: 17 ± 0 
INT: 163 ± 4 
CON: 164 ± 4 
INT: 61 ± 5 
CON: 60 ± 4 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Haugen et al. 
[62] 
25 
(52%) 
SOC 
TRA 
INT: 17 ± 1 
CON: 17 ± 1 
INT: 174 ± 8 
CON: 173 ± 6 
INT: 65 ± 8 
CON: 62 ± 7 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Haugen et al. 
[128] 
42 
SOC 
TRA 
17 ± 1 
178 ± 6 
66 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG  
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Hermassi et al. 
[242] 
22 
HB 
NAT 
19 ± 0 
179 ± 2 
83 ± 1 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests, separated by 3−7 days, as part of a testing 
battery. 
Higham et al. 
[90] 
18 
RUG 
INTL 
22 ± 2 
183 ± 6 
90 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor synthetic track, as part of a testing battery. 
Hollville et al. 
[243] 
10 
HOC 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
180 ± 6 
72 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on AG. Results from the 1st set only.  
Howatson et al. 
[35] 
20 
MIX 
NAT 
22 ± 2 
178 ± 7 
85 ± 14 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS protocol performed on an outdoor track.  
Iaia et al. [120] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
180 ± 7 
74 ± 7 
 
NC 
 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on AG, as part of a testing battery, performed 
by 2 different groups. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Iaia et al. [19] 
29 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
178 ± 10 
69 ± 8 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Data extracted from baseline RS tests on AG and the 1st RS 
training session of an intervention. 
Impellizzeri et al. 
[170] 
22 
SOC 
NAT 
22 ± 1  
177 ± 4 
 
73 ± 5 
 
 
NC 
OBS 
Same RS test on NG, performed twice on different occasions 
Impellizzeri et al. 
[170] 
30 
SOC 
NAT 
25 ± 5 
181 ± 5 
78 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS* 
RS test on NG, performed at different timepoints across a 
regular season. 
Impellizzeri et al. 
[170] 
108 
SOC 
NAT / 
TRA 
24 ± 4 
75 ± 7 
179 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS* 
RS test on NG. Results according to player level.  
Ingebrigtsen et 
al. [244] 
57 
SOC 
NAT 
22 ± 5 
181 ± 5 
75.2 ± 7.6 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG, as part of a testing battery 
Ingebrigtsen et 
al. [171] 
51 
SOC 
NAT 
PRO: 26 ± 7 
SEMI: 20 ± 
3 
PRO: 183 ± 5 
SEMI: 181 ± 5 
NR 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test. Results according to player level. 
Iacono et al. [42] 
18 
HB 
NAT 
25 ± 4 
188 ± 7 
91 ± 9 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on an indoor court before an intervention 
Izquierdo et al. 
[140] 
19 
HB 
NAT 
INT: 21 ± 5 
PLA: 24 ± 5 
INT: 182 ± 8  
PLA: 190 ± 8 
INT: 79 ± 8 
PLA: 87 ± 12 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor HB court, before an intervention.  
Jang & Joo [245] 
12 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 2 
175 ± 6 
71 ± 5 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
Single RS test. 
Jiménez-Reyes et 
al. [246] 
20 
RUG 
INTL 
24 ± 4 
188 ± 5 
96 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor synthetic athletics track. 
Johnston & 
Gabbett [40] 
12 
RUG 
NR 
23 ± 2 
179 ± 10 
85 ± 11 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
The same RS test was performed twice on different occasions.  
Joo [140] 
11 
SOC 
TRA 
22 ± 2 
174 ± 6 
NR 
 
NC 
SG 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Jorge et al. [247]  
43 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
178 ± 8 
74 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS* 
RS test on NG, performed at different timepoints across a 
season. 
Kaplan [109] 
85 
SOC 
TRA 
21 ± 3.8 
176 ± 6 
69 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on NG as part of a testing battery. 
Keir et al. [25] 
8 
SOC 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
176 ± 5 
75 ± 4 
 
NC 
 
OBS 
(ran) 
Single RS test.  
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Keogh [172] 
74 
(0%) 
HOC 
TRA 
REP: 19 ± 1 
Club: 20 ± 2 
REP: 165 ± 1 
Club: 164 ± 1 
REP: 59 ± 1 
Club: 57 ± 1 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test as part of a testing battery 
Kilduff et al. 
[248] 
20 
RUG 
NAT 
26 ± 2 
185 ± 4 
96 ± 8 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor synthetic track, before an 
intervention.  
Klatt et al. [36] 
29 
HB 
NAT 
U20: 18 ± 1 
SEN: 27 ± 6 
U20: 182 ± 8 
SEN: 192 ± 9 
U20: 79 ± 9  
SEN 90 ± 14 
 
NC 
OBS* 
Single RS protocol  
Krakan et al. 
[249] 
41 
(NR) 
MIX 
TRA 
NR 
RS-G, 181 ± 7 
PLY, 175 ± 6 
RS-G, 81 ± 8 
PLY, 77 ± 9 
 
NC 
PAG 
RS test before an intervention 
Krueger et al. 
[250] 
18 
HOC 
INTL 
17 ± 1 
182 ± 6 
74 ± 8 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention.  
Lakomy et al. 
[78] 
18 
HOC 
NAT 
24 ± 4 
179 ± 5 
77 ± 4 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
(r) 
2 different RS protocols on AG 
Lapointe et al. 
[251] 
17 
(71%) 
BB 
NAT 
22 
186 ± 12 
89 ± 17 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Le Rossignol et 
al. [173] 
20 
ARF 
NAT 
22 ± 2 
188 ± 6 
88 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an outdoor synthetic track, as part of a testing battery 
Little & 
Williams [121] 
6 
SOC 
NAT 
18−27 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS protocols, performed on non-consecutive days. 
Lockie et al. 
[252] 
17 
SOC 
INTL 
20 ± 2 
181 ± 6 
78 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG, as part of a testing battery.  
Lockie et al. 
[253] 
19 
(0%) 
SOC 
INTL 
20 ± 1 
164 ± 6 
61 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG, as part of a testing battery. 
Lockie et al. 
[254] 
18 
SOC 
INTL 
21 ± 2 
181 ± 6 
78 ± 6 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG, as part of a testing battery. Results are 
for all players.  
Lombard et al. 
[255] 
23 
HOC 
NAT / 
INTL 
24 ± 3 
178 ± 3 
77 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on AG, as part of a testing battery. Results are for all 
players. 
Madueno et al. 
[24] 
8 
(75%) 
BB 
NAT 
20 ± 2 
183 ± 10 
78 ± 17 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS protocols on an indoor hardwood floor, 
separated by 2−7 days. 
Maggioni et al. 
[16] 
36 
BB 
NAT 
19 ± 1 
182 ± 7  
74 ± 10 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS training data from an intervention. 
Mancha-Triguero 
et al. [139] 
61 
BB 
NAT 
U18 
M: 195  
F: 168 
M: 85 
F: 57 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on BB court.  
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Marcelino et al. 
[256] 
12 
BB 
TRA 
19 ± 1 
193 ± 7 
89 ± 15  
 
NC 
CRO 
Same 2 baseline RS tests, separated by 24-hrs, before an 
intervention. 
Matzenbacher et 
al. [152] 
9 
FUT 
TRA 
17 ± 0 
176 ± 7 
68 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
* 
RS test performed at the beginning and end of the season.   
McGawley & 
Andersson [258] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 4 
180 ± 8 
76 ± 6 
 
NC 
PAG 
Baseline RS test on AG, before an intervention.  
Meckel et al. 
[259] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
22-32 
NR 
77 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS * 
RS test performed at different timepoints across a season. 
Meckel et al. 
[260] 
12 
BB 
NAT  
17 ± 1 
187 ± 9 
78 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on a BB court, after a game day warm-up. 
Meckel et al. 
[261] 
33 
SOC 
NAT  
16-18 
175 ± 4 
67 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on NG, separated by ~1 week, as part of a 
testing battery. 
Meckel et al. 
[262] 
16 
VB 
NAT  
26 ± 5 
192 ± 6  
84 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
(ran) 
RS test in a sports arena, as part of a testing battery. 
Meckel et al. 
[263] 
20 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
174 ± 7 
67 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on a SOC pitch, after a match warm up.  
Michalsik et 
al.[264] 
26 
HB 
INTL 
26 ± 3 
189 ± 6 
91 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor HB court. Results are all players 
combined.  
Mohr et al. [265] 
40 
SOC 
NAT 
22 ± 0 
177 ± 1 
73 ± 1 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on NG, before an intervention.  
Mohr et al. [266] 
18 
SOC 
TRA 
19 ± 1 
179 ± 6 
79 ± 4 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on AG, before an intervention.  
Mohr et al. [267] 
17 
SOC 
NAT 
27 ± 1 
184 ± 1 
80 ± 2 
 
C 
CRO 
Baseline RS test on indoor AG, before an intervention. 
Moncef et al. 
[268] 
44 
HB 
NAT 
22 ± 3 
182 ± 6 
85 ± 2 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test, as part of a testing battery. 
Morcillo et al. 
[48] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
27 ± 4 
180 ± 5 
 78 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test. 
Moreira et al. 
[269] 
10 
FUT 
NAT 
24 ± 3 
174 ± 5 
73 ± 9 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Mujika et al. 
[164] 
28 
SOC 
TRA 
U17 & U18  
U17: 178 ± 6  
U18: 179 ± 9 
U17: 70 ± 7 
U18: 72 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on indoor AG. 
Müller et al. 
[270] 
12 
RUG 
TRA 
25 ± 4 
177 ± 5 
92 ± 12 
 
NC  
CRO 
(ran) 
Single RS test. 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Nakamura et al. 
[272] 
13 
HB 
NAT 
24 ± 4 
187 ± 7 
88 ± 3 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test in a gymnasium. 
Nascimento et al 
[273] 
18 
FUT 
TRA 
17 ± 1 
177 ± 5 
69 ± 7 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before a long-term RS intervention.  
Nedrehagen 
&Saeterbakken 
[274] 
22 
(41%) 
SOC 
TRA 
INT: 20 ± 3 
CON: 22 ± 3 
INT: 20 ± 3 
CON: 22 ± 3 
69 ± 10 
 
C 
PAG  
(r) 
Baseline RS test on indoor AG before an intervention 
Nikolaidis et al. 
[275] 
36 
SOC 
TRA 
22 ± 5 
180 ± 6 
75 ± 8 
 
 NC 
 
OBS 
RS test on AG, as part of a testing battery. 
Okuno et al. 
[271] 
12 
HB 
NAT 
19 ± 2 
185 ± 87 
85 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
Single RS test 
Padulo et al. 
[276] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
16 ± 0 
174 ± 10 
65 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Same RS test, repeated twice, on AG, separated by > 6 days.  
Padulo et al. 
[277] 
17 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
179 ± 5 
69 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Same 2 RS tests and 1 different RS test on AG, separated by 3 
days. 
Padulo et al. 
[114] 
18 
BB 
NAT 
16 ± 1 
178 ± 10 
66 ± 9 
 
NC 
 
CRO 
2 different RS tests on an indoor BB court, repeated twice, 
separated by > 48-hrs, as part of a testing battery. 
Padulo et al 
[156] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
16 ± 0 
174 ± 10 
65 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
The same RS test was repeated twice, and 1 different RS test, 
on AG, separated by 1-week.  
Padulo et al. 
[150] 
17 
SOC 
INTL 
16 ± 0 
181 ± 10 
66 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
3 different RS tests on AG, separated by 5 days.  
Paulauskas et al. 
[122] 
12 
BB 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
190 ± 7 
86 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS protocols, on an indoor wooden BB court, 
separated by 1-week. 
Perroni et al. 
[103] 
12 
SOC 
TRA 
23 ± 6 
177 ± 6 
75 ± 7 
 
NC 
SG 
Baseline RS test on AG, before an intervention. 
Petisco et al. 
[278] 
10 
SOC 
NAT 
22 ± 3 
178 ± 4 
70 ± 3 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test following the regular warm-up protocol.  
Purkhús et al. 
[279] 
25 
(0%) 
VB 
NAT 
18 ± 4 
172 ± 7 
63 ± 11 
 
C  
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor HB court, before an intervention. 
Pyne et al. [280] 
60 
ARF 
NAT 
18 ± 0 
188 ± 7 
 82 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an indoor sprung wooden floor, as part of a testing 
battery. 
Ramírez-
Campillo et al. 
[281] 
30 
(0%) 
SOC 
TRA 
CON: 23 ± 2 
PLA: 23 ± 2 
INT: 23 ± 3 
CON: 161 ± 6 
PLA: 164 ± 9 
CR: 162 ± 4 
CON: 60 ± 8 
PLA: 57 ± 5 
INT: 60 ± 8 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test, before an intervention. 
Rampinini et al. 
[282] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
26 ± 5 
182 ± 4 
81 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG.  
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Rampinini et al. 
[174] 
23 
SOC 
NAT / 
TRA 
PRO: 25 ± 4 
AM: 26 ± 6 
PRO: 180 ± 3 
AM: 177 ± 5 
PRO: 74 ± 5 
AM: 71 ± 8 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on outdoor NG. 
Rey et al. [283] 
19 
SOC 
TRA 
INT: 24 ± 3 
CON: 24 ± 2 
INT: 179 ± 5 
CON: 178 ± 5 
INT: 74 ± 7 
CON: 75 ± 7 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor court, before an intervention. 
Rodríguez-
Fernández et al. 
[165] 
33 
SOC 
NAT 
PRO: 24 ± 3 
YTH: 18 ± 1 
PRO: 180 ± 2 
YTH: 174 ± 10 
PRO: 75 ± 5 
YTH: 65 ± 1 
 
NC  
SG 
Baseline RS test before an intervention.  
Rodríguez-
Fernández et al. 
[284]  
24 
SOC 
TRA 
19 ± 2 
176 ± 6 
67 ± 9 
 
NC 
SG  
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Røksund et al. 
[285] 
75 
SOC 
NAT 
19 ± 3 
181 ± 6 
75 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test as part of a testing battery.  
Ruscello et al. 
[286] 
15 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 6 
165 ± 6 
59 ± 9 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
2 different RS tests on AG, separated by > 48-hrs.  
Ruscello et al. 
[104] 
17 
SOC 
NAT 
22 ± 4 
177 ± 6 
72 ± 10 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
2 different RS tests on AG, separated by > 48-hrs. 
Russell et al. 
[123] 
14 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 2 
178 ± 5 
75 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention.  
Salleh et al. 
[287] 
24 
SOC 
TRA 
21 ± 2 
173 ± 3 
65 ± 3 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test. 
Sánchez-Sánchez 
et al. [117] 
18 
SOC 
TRA 
22 ± 2 
175 ± 6 
74 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on 4 different AG pitches, separated by 72 hrs.  
Sánchez-Sánchez 
et al. [288] 
21 
SOC 
NAT 
U18 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
OBS  
Single RS test. 
Sánchez-Sánchez 
et al. [289] 
16 
SOC 
NAT / 
TRA 
21 ± 1 
69 ± 5 
177 ± 5 
 
C 
PAG 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Sanders et al. 
[290] 
20 
(50%) 
SOC 
INTL 
M: 21 ± 1  
F: 20 ± 1 
M: 178 ± 7  
F: 168 ± 6 
M: 75 ± 5 
F: 63 ± 5 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RS test.  
Scanlan et al. 
[291] 
9 
(67%) 
MIX 
TRA 
22 ± 4 
171 ± 6 
73 ± 12 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
Two different RS protocols on an indoor, sprung, hardwood 
surface.  
Scanlan et al. 
[292] 
8 
(75%) 
BB 
TRA 
20 ± 1 
183 ± 10 
78 ± 17 
 
NC 
CRO 
RS protocol an indoor, hardwood BB court.  
Selmi et al. [58] 
24 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 0 
172 ± 9 
68 ± 7 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
3 different RS tests on outdoor AG, separated by > 48-hrs. 
Selmi et al. [293] 
30 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
178 ± 5 
70 ± 7 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Shalfawi et al. 
[294] 
30 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT 
19 ± 4 
167 ± 4 
58 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test in an indoor arena.  
Shalfawi et al. 
[295] 
15 
SOC 
NAT 
16 ± 1 
179 ± 7 
68 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on indoor AG before an intervention 
Shalfawi et al. 
[296] 
17 
(0%) 
SOC 
TRA 
21 ± 3 
1769 ± 5 
64 ± 6 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on an indoor Mondo track 
Silva et al. [297] 
22 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 1 
175 ± 6 
71 ± 5 
 
NC 
SG 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Soares-Caldeira 
et al. [298] 
14 
FUT 
NAT 
INT: 25 ± 8 
CON: 21 ± 5 
172 ± 6 
 72 ± 9  
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test on an indoor synthetic floor, before an intervention. 
Spineti et al. 
[299] 
22 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 0 
180 ± 8 
70 ± 9 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
RS test before an intervention 
Stojanovic et al. 
[300] 
24 
BB 
NAT 
22. ± 3 
197 ± 6 
96 ± 9 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on a BB court, as part of a testing battery. 
Suarez-Arrones 
et al. [105] 
16 
RUG 
TRA 
27 ± 5 
180 ± 7 
91 ± 16 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Data extracted from baseline RS tests (both groups) and 
training data (RST group).  
Taylor et al. [2] 
15 
SOC 
TRA 
24 ± 4 
179 ± 6 
77 ± 8 
 
NC 
PAG 
Data extracted from a RST intervention. 
Teixeira et al. 
[301] 
20 
(0%) 
FUT 
NAT 
19 ± 2 
162 ± 5  
 59 ± 8 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor FUT court, as part of a testing 
battery, before a long-term training intervention. 
Thomassen et al. 
[302] 
18 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 1 
182 ± 2 
79 ± 2 
 
NC 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on an indoor wooden surface.  
Tønnessen et al. 
[303] 
20 
SOC 
NAT 
16 ± 1 
176 ± 7 
67 ± 9 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention. 
Torreblanca-
Martinez et 
al.[304] 
18 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT 
18 ± 2 
162 ± 5 
56 ± 7 
 
NC 
SG 
RS test on outside AG.  
Tounsi et al. 
[176] 
33 
SOC 
NAT 
17 ± 0 
NR 
NR 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on NG 
Trecroci et al. 
[305] 
9 
SOC 
NAT 
17−19 
177 ± 2 
66 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(r) 
Baseline RS test on NG, before an intervention. 
Turki et al. [111] 
19 
SOC 
NR 
18 ± 1 
175 ± 7 
70 ± 8 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
(r) 
Baseline RS test.  
Study 
Participants 
       Experimental Approach 
N# 
Sport 
Level 
Age (yrs) 
Stature (cm) 
Body mass (kg) 
 
Design 
Type 
Details 
Ulupinar et al. 
[126] 
18 
SOC 
TRA 
20 ± 2 
178 ± 5 
72 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS protocols on outdoor NG, separated by > 48 hrs 
Ulupinar et al. 
[125] 
16 
SOC 
TRA 
19 ± 2 
176 ± 5 
70 ± 6 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
4 different RS protocols on indoor AG, separated by > 48 hrs 
Van den Tillaar 
et al. [306] 
17 
(0%) 
SOC 
NR 
17 ± 1 
168 ± 5 
62 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS  
Single RS test on a track. 
Vasquez-Bonilla 
et al. [307] 
38 
(0%) 
SOC 
NAT 
23 ± 4 
165 ± 11 
61 ± 7 
 
NC 
OBS 
Single RST test on an indoor court 
Wadley &  Le 
Rossignol  [308] 
17 
ARF 
NAT 
21 ± 2 
182 ± 5 
81 ± 10 
 
NC 
OBS 
RS test on an asphalt surface, as part of a testing battery. 
West et al. [309] 
15 
RUG 
NAT 
28 ± 3 
188 ± 6 
99 ± 9 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS test on an indoor sprint track. 
Woolley et al. 
[33] 
10 
MIX 
NR 
27 ± 3 
178 ± 6 
78 ± 8 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
RS protocol on a non-slip indoor surface 
Yanci et al. [310] 
39 
FUT 
TRA 
23 ± 5 
170 ± 10 
69 ± 10 
 
C 
PAG 
(r) 
Baseline RS test before an intervention 
Zagatto et al. 
[106] 
20 
BB 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
191 ± 8 
84 ± 12 
 
NC 
CRO 
(ran) 
2 different RS tests on an indoor court, separated by 2−4 days.  
Zagatto et al. 
[311] 
12 
BB 
NAT 
25 ± 7 
200 ± 10 
97 ± 9 
 
C 
CRO 
(r) 
RS test on a BB court, CON condition only. 
Zagatto et al. 
[107]  
10 
BB 
NAT 
17 ± 1 
191 ± 7 
87 ± 15 
 
C 
CRO 
(ran) 
Single RS protocol on a BB court 
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. 
 
Abbreviations: N# = number of participants (unless stated, the proportion of males was 100%). M = male; F = female; NR = not reported; NA = not applicable; OBS = observational design; CRO = 
crossover design; SG = single group pre-test post-test design; ran = experimental treatment or measurements delivered in a randomised order; r = random assignment of participants to experimental 
groups; C = controlled study; NC = non-controlled study; PLA = placebo; SOC = soccer, FUT = futsal; RUG = rugby; HOC = field hockey; BB = basketball; AF = American football; ARF = Australian 
rules football; VB = volleyball; HB = handball;  NET = netball; MIX = mixture of team sports; TRA = trained/developmental athletes; INT = international/elite athletes; NAT = national/highly trained 
athletes; PRO = professional; SEMI = semi-professional; AM = amateur; YTH = youth; CON = control group; INT = intervention group; Sham = sham group; RS = repeated-sprint; RS-G = repeated-
sprint group; PLY = plyometric group; REP = representative players; Club = club players; MID = midfielders; FWD = forwards; DEF = defenders; G = guards; CEN = centres; U17 = under 17 players; 
U18 = under 18 players; U20 = under 20 players; SEN = senior players; VO2max = maximal oxygen consumption; High = high V02max group; Med = medium VO2max group; Low = low VO2max group; 
SAN = sand training group; GRA = grass training group; TS3 = team sport 3; ST = starting players; N-ST = non-starting players; N-SEL = non-selected players; MG = Melanesian group; N-MG = 
Non-Melanesian group; Sdec = percentage sprint decrement; yrs = years; hrs = hours; AG = artificial grass; NG = natural grass; cm = centimetre; kg = kilogram; ~ = approximately; * = single group 
time series. 
 
 
Supplementary Table S3. Summary of exercise protocol information and outcomes from all studies.  
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Abt et al. 
[118] 
STR 
1 × 22 
15 m 
1:10N  
(~26 s) 
AH 
- 
Savg: 2.64 ± 0.06 s 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 1.3 ± 0.2 to 7.6 ± 
0.6 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 22 
15 m 
1:10N 
(~26 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 2.63 ± 0.07 s 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 1.0 ± 0.1 to 8.7 ± 
0.9 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 22 
30 m 
1:10N 
(~45 s) 
AH 
- 
Savg: 4.57 ± 0.22 s 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 1.2 ± 0.2 to 10.6 ± 
0.7 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 22 
30 m  
1:10N  
(~45 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 4.59 ± 0.15 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 1.3 ± 0.2 to 11.1 ± 
0.8 mmol·L-1 
AbuMoh’d 
[180] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m  
30 s  
P 
- 
INT, Savg: 3.71 ± 0.05;  
PLA, Savg: 3.70 ± 0.05 
- 
- 
INT, B[La] 5’: 9.0 ± 0.1 
mmol·L-1; PLA, B[La] 5’: 9.2 
± 0.2 mmol·L-1 
Akenhead et 
al. [57] 
SHU 
1 × 12  
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 5.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Aguiar et al. 
[95] 
MDA 
1 × 7 
34.2 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
INT, Savg: 6.69 ± 0.20 s 
CON, Savg: 7.31 ± 0.34 s 
- 
- 
- 
Alemdaroğlu 
et al. [23] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
On 25 s 
(~17 s) 
AH 
- 
Sbest: 7.35 ± 0.17 s; Stotal: 45.93 ± 0.84 s; 
Sdec: 4.13 ± 1.81% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’:  9.3 ± 2.5 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 m 
On 25 s 
(~19 s) 
AH 
- 
Sbest: 5.68 ± 0.20 s; Stotal: 34.90 ± 1.21 s; 
Sdec: 2.42 ± 1.43% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’:  7.6 ± 1.4 mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 8 
30 m 
(15 + 15) 
On 25 s 
(~19 s) 
AH 
- 
Sbest: 5.64 ± 0.16 s; Stotal: 46.41 ± 1.32 s; 
Sdec: 2.85 ± 1.51%  
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 7.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 8 
30 m 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AH 
- 
Sbest: 4.50 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 37.21 ± 1.23 s; 
Sdec: 3.29 ± 0.91% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 8.1 ± 1.4 mmol·L-1 
Alizadeh et al. 
[167] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
High, Sbest: 5.34 ± 0.13 s; Stotal: 33.47 ± 
0.99 s; Sdec: 9.6 ± 0.1%;  
Med, Sbest: 5.39 ± 0.14 s; Stotal: 34.77 ± 
0.56 s; Sdec: 9.3 ± 0.2%;  
Low, Sbest: 6.22 ± 0.39 s; Stotal: 40.56 ± 
3.50 s; Sdec: 9.2 ± 0.3% 
- 
- 
High,   B[La]3’: 1.73 to 
6.97 mmol·L-1; MED,  
B[La]3’: 1.9 to 9.0 mmol·L-1 
Almansba et 
al. [96] 
MDY 
1 × 6 
40 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.97 ± 0.39 s; 
Savg: 8.37 ± 0.30 s;  
Sdec: 4.8 ± 2.0% 
6−20: 15.2 ± 1.6 
au 
- 
B[La]2’: 12.9 ± 1.5 mmol·L-1 ; 
HRpeak: 189 ± 7 b·min-1 
HRav: 195 ± 8 b·min-1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.75 ± 0.28 s; Savg: 6.16 ± 0.29 s; 
Sdec: 6.7 ± 3.1% 
6−20: 13.9 ± 1.8 
au 
 
B[La]2’: 11.6 ± 1.2 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 185 ± 6 b·min-1; 
HRavg: 178 ± 9 b·min-1 
Altimari et al. 
[181] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
1TR, Savg: 7.08 ± 0.27 s; Sdec: 5.3 ± 
1.3%; 2TR, Savg: 7.16 ± 0.25 s; Sdec: 5.4 
± 1.2%; 3TR, Savg: 7.08 ± 0.27 s; Sdec: 
5.6 ± 1.5% 
- 
- 
- 
Archiza et al. 
[182] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sham, Sbest: 7.50 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 7.90 ± 
0.20 s; Sdec: 6.3 ± 3.0%; 
INT, Sbest: 7.60 ± 0.30 s; Savg: 8.20 ± 
0.30 s; Sdec: 7.9 ± 2.4% 
- 
- 
- 
Attene et al. 
[115] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
 
30 m (15 
+ 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.41 ± 0.43 s; Stotal: 67.27 ± 4.43 s; 
Sdec: 10.9 ± 4.3% 
CR10: 8.6 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
B[La]3’: 9.5 ± 1.6 mmol·L-1 
Ayarra et al. 
[183] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
25 s 
A 
- 
Stotal: 26.03 ± 2.09 s; Sdec: 1.7 ± 3% 
- 
- 
- 
Aziz et al. 
[184] 
STR 
1 × 8 
40 m  
30 s 
AI 
- 
Sbest: 5.45 ± 0.23 s; Stotal: 45.90 ± 1.64 s; 
Sdec: 5.4 ± 2.7% 
 
- 
- 
Baldi et al. 
[185]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.13 ± 0.24 s; Sdec: 5.2 ± 1.6% 
 
- 
B[La]peak:17.6 ± 2.6 mmol·L-1 
Balsalobre-
Fernández et 
al. [186] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
- 
- 
 CMJAA: -4.2 
cm (-9.2 ± 4.8%) 
- 
Beato et al. 
[187] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
STR-G, Sbest: 7.13 ± 0.17 s,  
Savg:7.46 ± 0.19 s; 
SHU-G group, Sbest: 7.14 ± 0.18 s, 
Savg:7.50 ± 0.21 s 
- 
- 
- 
STR 
3 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
CR10: 6.3 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
- 
SHU 
3 x 7 
40 m 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
CR10: 6.4 ± 0.6 
au 
- 
- 
Beato et al. 
[188] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
STR-G, Sbest: 7.30 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.56 ± 
0.20 s 
SHU-G, Sbest: ± 7.23 ± 0.32 s; Savg: 7.46 
± 0.31 s 
- 
- 
- 
STR 
3 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
CR10: 6.1 ± 0.8 
au 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
SHU 
3 × 7 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
4 min  
p 
- 
CR10: 6.4 ± 0.7 
- 
- 
Beato & Drust 
[162] 
STR 
3 × 7 
30 m  
25 s 
AQ 
3 min 
P 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak: 192 ± 12 b·min-1 
Beaven et al. 
[189] 
STR 
1 × 5 
40 m  
On 30 s 
(~24 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 27.58 ± 1.58 s 
 
- 
HRpost: 139 ± 8 b·min-1 
Binnie et al. 
[190] 
STR 
1 × 8 
20 m 
20 s 
 
AW 
- 
SAN, Stotal: 30.97 ± 1.58 s; Sdec: 4.8 ± 
2.1%; GRA, Stotal: 29.56 ± 1.69 s; Sdec:  
4.5 ± 2.2% 
- 
- 
SAN, B[La]peak: 6.5 ± 2.3 
mmol·L-1; GRA, B[La]peak: 
5.7 ± 2.5 mmol·L-1 
Binnie et al. 
[191] 
STR 
1 × 8 
20 m 
20 s 
AK 
 
- 
Sbest: 3.31 s; Stotal: 27.46 s; Sdec: 3.7% 
 
- 
B[La]post: 8.2 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 160 b·min-1 
Binnie et al. 
[192] 
STR 
1 × 8 
20 m 
20 s 
AK 
 
- 
Sbest: 3.34 s; Stotal: 27.94 s; Sdec: 4.4% 
- 
- 
B[La]post: 7.5 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 163 b·min-1 
Blasco-
Lafarga et al. 
[108] 
MDC 
1 × 7 
34.2 m 
25 s  
AK 
- 
Sbest: 5.72 ± 0.13 s; Savg: 5.91 ± 0.14 s; 
Stotal: 41.41 ± 0.99 s; Sdec: 3.5 ± 1.6% 
CR10: 9.1 ± 2.2 
au 
- 
B[La]3’: 8.5 ± 1.4 mmol·L-1 
Borges et al. 
[193]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
RES, Sbest: 7.35 ± 0.07 s; Savg: 7.70 ± 
0.14 s; PLY, Sbest: 7.21 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 
7.55 ± 0.22 s 
- 
- 
- 
Brahim et al. 
[97]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 2.7 ± 1.3% 
 
- 
- 
MDB 
1 × 12 
20 m  
40 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 3.8 ± 2.3% 
 
- 
- 
MDA 
1 × 7  
34.2 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
Sdec: 4.3 ± 3.4% 
 
- 
- 
Brini et al. 
[154]  
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.80 ± 0.21 s; Stotal: 58.99 ± 1.67 s 
CR10: 4.3 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 5.3 ± 1.7 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 194 ± 2 b·min-1 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
AX 
- 
Sbest: 5.88 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 59.58 ± 1.36 s 
CR10: 5.0 ± 0.6 
au 
 
B[La]post: 5.5 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 195 ± 2 b·min-1 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
AY 
- 
Sbest: 5.91 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 60.02 ± 1.11 s 
CR10: 7.4 ± 0.8 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 6.8 ± 2.2 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 195 ± 2 b·min-1 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
AZ 
- 
Sbest: 5.92 ± 0.11 s; Stotal: 60.10 ± 0.94 s 
CR10: 8.2 ± 0.8 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 6.6 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 196 ± 2 b·min-1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Brini et al. 
[194] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
SSG, Sbest: 5.90 ± 0.11 s; Savg: 5.98 ± 
0.68 s; Stotal: 59.78 ± 0.68 s;  
RS, Sbest: 5.88 ± 0.13 s; Savg: 5.97 ± 
1.14 s; Stotal: 59.72 ± 1.14 s 
- 
- 
SSG, HRpeak: 186 ± 4 b·min-1;  
RS, HRpeak: 189 ± 3 b·min-1 
Brini et al. 
[195] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.89 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 59.60 ± 0.90 s; 
Sdec: 1.2 ± 0.5% 
CR10: 7 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 6.6 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 191 ± 1 b·min-1 
MD 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
-  
Sbest: 5.90 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 59.80 ± 0.90 s; 
Sdec: 1.3 ± 0.5% 
CR10: 8 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 6.8 ± 2.2 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 195 ± 1 
Brini et al. 
[98] 
MD 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
-  
INT, Sbest: 6.91 ± 0.1s; Stotal: 70.90 ± 
0.98 s; CON, Sbest: 6.87 ± 0.12 s; CON, 
Stotal: 69.81 ± 0.62 s 
 
INT, CR10: 5.6 
± 1.4 au;  
CON, CR10: 6.0 
± 1.3 au 
- 
INT, B[La]3’: 5.4 ± 2.1 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 187 ± 3 
b·min-1; CON, B[La]3’: 5.8 ± 
2.4 mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 187 ± 6 
b·min-1 
Brini et al. 
[46] 
MDA 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
PRO, Sbest: 8.07 ± 0.03 s; Stotal: 83.35 ± 
2.19 s;  
SEMI, Sbest: 8.21 ± 0.16 s; Stotal: 83.56 ± 
2.17 s;  
PRO, CR10: 6.8 
± 0.6 
SEMI, CR10: 
6.9 ± 0.6 
- 
PRO, B[La]3’: 8.0 ± 2.0 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 187 ± 2 
b·min-1  
SEMI, B[La]3’: 9.5 ± 0.6 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 189 ± 1 
b·min-1  
Brocherie et 
al. [196] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.87 ± 0.14 s; Stotal 31.73 ± 1.13 s; 
Sdec: 8.7 ± 2.3% 
 
- 
- 
Brocherie et 
al. [54] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.34 ± 0.25 s; Sdec: 9.5 ± 2.4% 
6−20: 15.9 ± 0.9 
au 
 sprint 1−6: 
ΔL: 17.5 ± 2.5 to 
18.0 ± 2.9 cm; 
Δz: 1.9 ± 0.3 to 
2.7 ± 0.3 cm; 
Fzmax: 2.36 ± 
0.18 to 2.41 ± 
0.14 N; Kvert: 
127.6 ± 17.7 to 
91.4 ± 10.4 
kN·m-1; Kleg: 
13.7 ± 1.7 to 
13.8 ± 2.7 kN·m-
1  
B[La]4’: 10.5 ± 2.0 mmol·L-1 
Brocherie et 
al. [197] 
STR 
1 × 8 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
-  
HYP, Stotal: 27.23 ± 1.15 s; Sdec: 4.0 ± 
1.7%; NOR, 27.05 ± 0.81 s; Sdec: 4.3 ± 
1.9%; CON, 26.98 ± 1.03 s; Sdec: 5.2 ± 
2.1% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Broderick et 
al. [141] 
STR 
1 × 3 
15 m  
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 2.58 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 7.82 ± 
0.32 s; CON, Sbest: 2.58 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 
7.84 ± 0.31 s 
- 
- 
- 
Buchheit 
[198] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.73 ± 0.27 s; Savg: 5.90 ± 0.27 s; 
Sdec: 2.8 ± 0.9% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m 
25 s 
AL 
- 
Sbest: 3.96 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 4.09 ± 0.17 s; 
Sdec: 3.2 ± 1.3% 
 
 
 
Buchheit et al. 
[59] 
STR 
1 × 6  
25 m 
On 25s 
(~21 s) 
AL 
- 
Sbest: 3.97 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 4.09 ± 0.16 s 
Sdec: 2.8 ± 1.2% 
CR10: 7 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 9.4 ± 2.4 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 38.1 ± 5.0 ml·min-
1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 76 ± 10%); 
HRpeak: 175 ± 11 b·min-1 (% 
HRmax: 95 ± 6%) 
SHU 
1 × 6  
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
- 
Sbest: 5.186 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 5.29 ± 0.17 s; 
Sdec: 2.5 ± 1.0% 
CR10: 7 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 9.9 ± 2.0 mmol L-1; 
VO2avg: 39.7 ± 5.0 ml·min-
1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 79 ± 10%); 
HRpeak: 177 ± 11.0 b·min-1 (% 
HRmax: 96 ± 6%) 
STR 
1 × 6  
25 m 
On 25 s 
(~21 s) 
AM 
- 
Sbest: 3.98 ± 0.14 s; Savg: 4.14 ± 0.17 s 
Sdec: 3.9 ± 1.5% 
CR10: 8 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 10.2 ± 2.4 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 40.2 ± 4.5 ml·min-
1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 80 ± 9%); 
HRpeak: 176 ± 11 b·min-1 (% 
HRmax: 96 ± 6%) 
SHU 
1 × 6  
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AM 
- 
Sbest: 5.18 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 5.43 ± 0.18 s 
Sdec: 3.4 ± 2.3% 
CR10: 8 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]3’: 10.4 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 42.2 ± 5.0 ml·min-
1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 84 ± 10%); 
HRpeak: 178 ± 11 b·min-1  
(% HRmax: 97 ± 6%) 
Buchheit et al. 
[60] 
STR 
1 × 6 
25 m 
On 25 s 
(~21 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 3.96 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 4.09 ± 0.17 s 
Sdec: 3.2 ± 1.3% 
CR10: 7.2 ± 1.4 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’: 2.2 ± 0.2 to 9.3 ± 
2.4 mmol·L-1; VO2avg: 35.8 ± 
4.7 ml·min-1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 
77.4 ± 9.3%); HRpeak: 173 ± 9 
b·min-1 (% HRmax: 94 ± 5%) 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m  
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 5.16 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 5.30 ± 0.17 s 
Sdec: 2.6 ± 1.2% 
 
CR10: 7.2 ± 0.8 
au 
 
- 
 B[La]3’: 2.2 ± 0.2 to 10.0 ± 
1.7 mmol·L-1; VO2avg: 40.4 ± 
5.2 ml·min-1·kg-1 (% VO2max: 
80.5 ± 10.3%); HRpeak: 173 ± 
10 b·min-1 (% HRmax: 94 ± 
5%) 
Buchheit et al. 
[99] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 4.37 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 4.69 ± 0.20 s 
Sdec: 6.7 ± 2.5% 
CR10: 7.4 ± 1.5 
au 
 
- 
 B[La]3’:  10.1 ± 2.2 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 184 ± 7 
b·min-1 
MDD 
1 × 6 
~27.6 m  
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 4.38 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 4.61 ± 0.29 s 
Sdec: 4.8 ± 3.6% 
CR10: 6.9 ± 1.7 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’:  8 ± 2.3 mmol·L-
1; HRpeak: 181 ± 8 b·min-1 
MDE 
1 × 6 
 ~21.2 m 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 4.36 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 4.69 ± 0.16 s 
Sdec: 7.0 ± 3.2% 
CR10: 6.0 ± 1.6 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’:  6.1 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 178 ± 9 
b·min-1 
MDF 
1 × 6 
~ 19.2 m 
On 25 s 
(~20 s) 
AL 
 
- 
Sbest: 4.39 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 4.73 ± 0.19 s 
Sdec: 7.1 ± 3.0% 
CR10: 6.0 ± 1.1 
au 
- 
 B[La] 3’:  7.4 ± 2.3 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 180 ± 8 
b·min-1 
Campa et al. 
[168] 
SHU 
1 × 6  
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
EL, Sbest: 7.00 ± 0.30 s; Savg: 7.50 ± 
0.40 s; Sdec: 6.3 ± 3.1%; 
S-EL, Sbest: 7.70 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 7.90 ± 
0.20 s; Sdec: 3.4 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
- 
Campos et al. 
[199] 
SHU 
1 × 8 
40m (10 + 
20 + 10) 
20 s 
P 
- 
IT100, Sbest: 8.12 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 8.69 ± 
0.36 s; IT86, Sbest: 8.28 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 
8.50 ± 0.18 s 
- 
- 
- 
Campos-
Vazquez et al. 
[200] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
SQ, Sbest: 6.99 ± 0.11 s; Savg: 7.40 ± 
0.18 s; TG, Sbest: 7.07 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 
7.42 ± 0.15 s 
- 
- 
- 
Caprino et al. 
[201]  
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 58.80 ±2.10 s; Sdec: 2.3 ± 1.0% 
- 
- 
 B[La] 3’: 5.1 ± 1.4 
mmol·L-1 to 12.4 ± 2.8 
mmol·L-1 
Castagna et al. 
[153] 
 
 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Savg: 6.17 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 60.56 ± 1.60 s; 
Sdec: 3.4 ± 2.3% 
- 
- 
 B[La]3’: 2.5 ± 0.7 mmol L-
1 to 14.1 ± 3.5 mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
AZ 
- 
Savg: 6.32 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 62.15 ± 2.99 s 
Sdec: 5.0 ± 2.4% 
- 
- 
 B[La]3’: 2.4 ± 0.5 to 13.2 ± 
2.9 mmol·L-1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Castagna et al. 
[202] 
 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 3.4 ± 2.3% 
- 
- 
 B[La]post: 2.5 ± 0.7 to 13.6 
± 3.1 mmol·L-1;  B[La]3’: 
2.5 ± 0.7 to 14.2 ± 3.5 
mmol·L-1 
Chaouachi et 
al. [203] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m  
25 s 
AQ 
- 
Savg: 4.50 ± 0.13 s; Stotal: 31.21 ± 1.13 s; 
Sdec: 6.0 ± 2.5% 
- 
- 
- 
Charlot et al. 
[204] 
STR 
1 × 6 
25 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
Savg: 3.84 ± 0.17 s: Stotal: 23.10 ± 1.10 s; 
Sdec: 7.4 ± 3.9% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
25 s 
AK 
- 
Savg: 5.32 ± 0.17 s: Stotal: 30.50 ± 2.30 s; 
Sdec: 4.1 ± 1.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Chen et al. 
[205] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m   
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.50 ± 0.50 s; Stotal: 45.9 ± 3.34 s; 
Sdec: 3.5 ± 2.5% 
6−20: 15 ± 3.6 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 9.8 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak:171 ± 12 b·min-1  
Clifford et al. 
[34] 
STR 
1 × 20 
30 m 
 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 4.41 ± 0.23 s; Savg: 4.65 ± 
0.25 s; PLA: 4.48 ± 0.14 s; Savg: 4.70 ± 
0.15 s 
INT, 6−20: 15 ± 
1 au;  
PLA, 6−20: 14 ± 
2 au 
INT,  CMJAA: 
-11.8 ± 8.9%; 
PLA,  CMJAA: 
-9.6 ± 4.8% 
INT, CK 24 h: 188 ± 62 to 
542 ± 461 u·L-1 (188%); 
PLA, CK 24 h: 318 ± 145 to 
592 ± 321 u·L-1 (86%) 
Corrêa et al. 
[206] 
STR 
1 × 6  
35 m  
10 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 31.17 ± 1.03 s; 
Sdec: 8.2 ± 2.77% 
- 
- 
- 
Costello et al. 
[127] 
STR 
1 × 20 
20 m 
20 s 
A 
- 
Savg: 3.43 ± 0.2 s 
CR10: 9 ± 1.1 
- 
B[La]post: 12.4 ± 2.6 mmol·L-
1: HRavg: 178 ± 8 b·min-1  
Cuadrado-
Peñafiel et al. 
[207] 
SHU  
1 × 6  
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
30 s 
P 
- 
SOC, Sbest: 7.01 ± 0.22 s; Sdec: 2.7 ± 
0.6%;  
FUT: 7.26 ± 0.19 s; Sdec: 4.4 ± 1.2% 
- 
- 
SOC, B[La]post: 13.7 ± 2.8 
mmol·L-1 ; 
FUT, B[La]post: 14.3 ± 3.4 
mmol·L-1 
Da Silva et al. 
[208] 
SHU 
1 × 7 
34.2 m  
25 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.30 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 6.56 ± 0.23 s; 
Sdec: 4.0 ± 1.9% 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 15.4 ± 2.2 mmol·L-
1 
Dal Pupo 
[116] 
STR 
 
1 × 6 
25 m 
15 s 
A 
- 
Sbest: 3.80 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 3.98 ± 0.20 s; 
Sdec: 4.7 ± 2.0% 
- 
CMJ AB: 43.52 
± 1.48 to 41.68 ± 
1.25 cm (-4.2%) 
B[La]peak: 11.1 ± 2.4 mmol·L-
1 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
15 s 
A 
- 
Sbest: 5.17 ± 0.23 s; Savg: 5.34 ± 0.23 s; 
Sdec: 3.2 ± 1.4% 
- 
 CMJAB: 43.52 
± 1.48 to 40.37 ± 
1.28 cm (-7.2%) 
B[La]peak: 12.2 ± 3.3 mmol·L-
1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Dal Pupo et al. 
[209] 
STR 
 
1 × 6 
25 m 
15 s 
A 
- 
Sbest: 3.73 ± 0.12 s; Savg: 3.91 ± 0.15 s; 
Sdec: 4.7 ± 1.8% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m 
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
15 s 
A 
- 
Sbest: 5.13 ± 0.22 s; Savg: 5.30 ± 0.20 s; 
Sdec: 3.3 ± 0.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Daneshfar et 
al. [210]  
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m 
(15 + 15)  
30 s 
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 6.35 ± 0.08 s; Stotal: 68.97 ± 
0.23 s; Sdec: 9.1 ± 1.1% 
Retest, Sbest: 6.30 ± 0.08 s; Stotal: 69.25 
± 0.24 s; Sdec: 9.3 ± 1.1% 
CR10: 8.8 ± 0.1 
au 
- 
B[La]3’: 10.0 ± 0.1 mmol·L-1 
Dardouri et al. 
[211] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.15 ± 0.25 s; Stotal: 63.90 ± 2.50 s; 
Sdec: 4.1 ± 1.4% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 14.8 ± 0.4 mmol·L-1 
De Andrade et 
al. [212] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.43 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 4.91 ± 0.23 s; 
Stotal: 29.45 ± 1.39 s; Sdec: 11.3 ± 7.6% 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 13.7 ± 2.4 mmol·L-
1 
Delextrat et al. 
[213]  
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
M, Stotal: 58.40 ± 2.80 s; Sdec: 4.3 ± 
0.4%; F, Stotal: 63.50 ± 2.20 s; Sdec: 3.6 
± 0.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Delextrat et al. 
[214] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
20 m  
(10 + 10) 
On 20 s 
(~15 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 29.00 ± 2.10 s; Sdec: 4.0 ± 2.7% 
- 
- 
- 
Delextrat et al. 
[175] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
M, Stotal: 58.01± 3.01 s; Sdec: 4.3 ± 
1.5%; F, Stotal: 63.34 ± 2.38 s; Sdec: 3.6 
± 0.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Dellal et al. 
[61] 
STR  
1 × 10 
20 m 
30 s 
AK 
- 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak:191 b·min-1  
(% HRmax: 91%) 
STR 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
AK 
- 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak:198 b·min-1 
(% HRmax: 95%) 
STR 
1 × 15 
20 m  
30 s 
AK 
- 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak:198 b·min-1;  
(% HRmax: 95%) 
Dellal & 
Wong [100] 
MDX 
1 × 10 
20 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
U17, Sbest: 5.39 ± 0.03 s; Savg: 5.47 ± 
0.04 s; Stotal: 32.76 ± 0.24 s; Sdec: 1.4 ± 
0.6%;  
U19, Sbest: 5.34 ± 0.03 s; 5.39 ± 0.04 s; 
Stotal: 32.25 ± 0.26 s; Sdec: 1.0 ± 0.4%; 
PRO, Sbest: 5.31 ± 0.05 s; Savg: 5.37 ± 
0.07 s; Stotal: 32.22 ± 0.42 s; Sdec: 1.2 ± 
0.5% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Dent et al. 
[131] 
STR 
4 × 6 
30 m  
On 30 s 
(~25 s) 
AK 
7 min 
P 
M, Sbest: set 1, 4.29 ± 0.05 s; set 2, 4.35 
± 0.02 s; set 3, 4.45 ± 0.10 s; set 4, 4.49 
± 0.11 s;  
Savg: set 1, 4.47 ± 0.9 s; set 2, 4.54 ± 
0.12 s; set 3, 4.60 ± 0.13 s; set 4, 4.54 ± 
0.12 s;  
Sdec:  set 1, 4.7 ± 1.4%; set 2, 4.9 ± 
1.4%; set 3, 5.4 ± 2.0%; set 4, 4.3 ± 
1.1% 
F, Sbest: set 1, 4.74 ± 0.18 s; set 2, 4.87 
± 0.14 s; set 3, 4.96 ± 0.27 s; set 4, 4.97 
± 0.22 s  
Savg: set 1, 5.09 ± 0.21 s; set 2, 5.17 ± 
0.31 s; set 3, 5.24 ± 0.27 s; set 4, 5.23 ± 
0.31 s;  
Sdec: set 1, 7.1 ± 2.1%; set 2, 6.6 ± 
2.8%; set 3, 7.2 ± 1.3%; set 4, 7.2 ± 
2.8% 
- 
- 
M: set 1,  B[La]3’: 0.9 ± 0.4 
to 10.0 ± 1.6 mmol·L-1; set 2, 
B[La]3’: 11.9 ± 2.9 mmol·L-1; 
set 3, 11.6 ± 3.3 mmol·L-1; 
set 4, 11.6 ± 4.0 mmol·L-1; 
HRpost: set 1, 179 ± 20 b·min-
1; set 2, 175 ± 38 b·min-1, set 
3, 188 ± 10 b·min-1; set 4, 
189 ± 10 b·min-1; 
F: set 1,  B[La]3’: 0.8 ± 0.3 
to 10.0 ± 3.5 mmol·L-1; set 2, 
B[La]3’: 12 ± 3.6 mmol·L-1; 
set 3, 12.0 ± 3.3 mmol·L-1; 
set 4, 12.2 ± 3.7 mmol·L-1 
HRpost: set 1, 189 ± 9 b·min-1; 
set 2, 190 ± 8 b·min-1; set 3, 
191 ± 6 b·min-1; set 4, 190 ± 
8 b·min-1 
Donghi et al. 
[215] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
- 
CR10: 5 ± 1.2 au 
- 
- 
Doyle et al. 
[216] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 15 s 
(~12 s) 
AW 
- 
Sbest: 3.43 ± 0.16 s; Stotal: 21.42 ± 0.97 s; 
Sdec: 4.4 ± 0.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Dupont et al. 
[217] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
A  
-  
Savg: 4.60 ± 0.14 s 
- 
- 
- 
Dupont et al. 
[86] 
STR 
1 × 15 
40 m 
25 s 
AZ 
- 
Savg: 6.41 ± 0.31 s; Sdec: 8.6 ± 3.2% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 13.8 ± 3.1 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 60.5 ± 4.3 ml·min-
1·kg-1 
Eliakim et al. 
[124]   
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m  
On 20 s 
(~ 17 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 3.23 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 3.24 ± 0.04 s; 
Stotal: 38.91 ± 0.52 s; Sdec: 2.3 ± 0.6 
CR10: 7 ± 1 au 
- 
HRavg: 177 ± 6 b·min-1  
HRpost: 181 ± 4 b·min-1  
Elias et al. 
[218] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 30 s 
(~27 s) 
P 
- 
PAS, Stotal: 18.53 ± 0.28 s; 
COL, Stotal: 18.62 ± 0.46 s; 
CWT, Stotal: 18.63 ± 0.45 s 
- 
- 
- 
Elias et al. 
[219] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 30 s 
(~27 s) 
P 
- 
PAS, Stotal: 18.66 ± 0.37 s; 
COL, Stotal: 18.50 ± 0.47 s; 
CWT, Stotal: 18.68 ± 0.39 s 
- 
- 
- 
Eniseler et al. 
[220] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
RS, Sbest: 6.75 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 7.13 ± 
0.17 s; Sdec: 5.5 ± 0.8% 
SSG, Sbest: 6.73 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 7.12 ± 
0.17 s; Sdec: 5.8 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Eryilmaz & 
Kaynak [221] 
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m  
20 s 
AK 
- 
Sbest: 2.97 ± 0.10 s; Savg: 3.21 ± 0.10 s; 
Sdec: 8.0 ± 2.7% 
- 
- 
- 
Eryilmaz et al. 
[37] 
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m  
20 s 
AK 
- 
Savg: 4.28 ± 0.10 s 
- 
- 
- 
Essid et al. 
[222] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
On 20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.19 ± 0.03 s; Savg: 6.78 ± 0.03; 
Sdec: 8.7 ± 0.0% 
- 
- 
- 
Farjallah et al. 
[223]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Savg: 7.18 ± 0.23 s; PLA, Savg: 7.34 
± 0.03 s 
- 
- 
- 
Figueira et al. 
[119] 
SHU 
3 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P  
5 min 
P 
Stotal: 59.22 ± 2.10 s; Sdec: 3.6 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 13.0 ± 2.3 mmol·L-1 ; 
HRpeak: 174 ± 7 b·min-1 
STR 
3 × 20 
15 m 
15 s 
P 
5 min 
P 
Stotal: 53.66 ± 1.56 s; Sdec: 4.9 ± 2.1% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 8.5 ± 3.4 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 174 ± 7 b·min-1 
Freitas et al. 
[227] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15)  
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 57. 50 ± 2.89 s; Sdec: 2.9 ± 1.0% 
- 
- 
-  
Fornasier-Santos 
et al. [224] 
STR 
1 × 10 
40 m 
On 30 s 
(~25 s) 
P 
- 
- 
HYP, CR10: 9.2 
± 0.7 au 
NOR, CR10: 9.2 
± 0.7 au 
- 
HYP: 13.7 ± 4.3 mmol·L-1 
NOR: 13.0 ± 4.2 mmol·L-1 
STR 
2 × 8 
40 m 
NR 
P 
3 min 
P 
- 
CR10: 8.3 ± 0.5 
- 
10.2 ± 3.3 mmol·L- 
Fort-
Vanmeerhaeghe 
et al. [225] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P  
- 
Sbest: 6.20 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 6.34 ± 0.19 s 
- 
- 
- 
Fortin & 
Billaut [226] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
20 s 
AK 
- 
Sham, Sbest: 3.07 ± 0.13 s; Stotal: 39.69 ± 
1.34 s; INT, Sbest: 3.05 ± 0.08 s; Stotal: 
39.79 ± 1.65 s 
- 
- 
- 
Gabbett [228] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 15 s 
(~12 s) 
AJ 
 
- 
Stotal: 21.50 ± 1.20 s; Sdec: 5.6 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
B[La]post: 9.3 ± 2.0 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 182 ± 6 b·min-1 
Gabbett et al. 
[89] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 38.70 ± 2.30 s 
- 
- 
- 
Gabbett et al. 
[229] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
ST, Stotal: 38.30 ± 2.80 s; N-ST, Stotal: 
38.90 ± 3.20; N-SEL, Stotal: 39.10 ± 
3.30 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Gabbett et al. 
[230] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 15 s 
(~12 s) 
AJ 
- 
INT, Stotal: 21.16 ± 1.06 s; 
CON, Stotal: 20.71 ± 0.52 s 
- 
- 
- 
Galvin et al. 
[231] 
STR 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
HYP, Stotal: 32.20 ± 1.10 s; Sdec: 4.0 ± 
3.0%; NOR, Stotal: 32.70 ± 1.20 s; Sdec: 
5.1 ± 3 .9% 
- 
- 
- 
Galy et al. 
[177] 
STR 
1 × 6 
25 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
MG, Sbest: 3.77 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 3.99 ± 
0.17 s; Stotal: 23.96 ± 1.05 s; Sdec: 5.9 ± 
3.1%; N-MG, Sbest: 3.92 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 
4.09 ± 0.17 s; Stotal: 24.55 ± 1.01 s; Sdec: 
4.4 ± 1.8% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
1 × 6 
25 m  
(12.5 + 
12.5) 
25 s 
AK 
-  
MG, Sbest: 5.29 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 5.47 ± 
0.19 s; Stotal: 32.79 ± 1.14 s; Sdec: 3.4 ± 
1.0%; N-MG, Sbest: 5.31 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 
5.53 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 33.21 ± 0.92 s; Sdec: 
4.3 ± 0.8% 
- 
- 
- 
Gantois et al. 
[232] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.59 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 4.82 ± 0.31 s; 
Stotal: 27.60 ± 6.77 s; Sdec: 5.3 ± 2.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Gantois et al 
[14] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
20 s 
P 
- 
RS, Sbest: 4.56 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 4.83 ± 
0.38 s; Stotal: 29.00 ± 2.30; Sdec: 6.4 ± 
3.5%;  
CON, Sbest: 4.64 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 4.87 ± 
0.22; Stotal: 29.08 ± 1.56 s; Sdec: 4.1 ± 
1.8% 
- 
- 
- 
Gantois et al. 
[233] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.58 ± 0.21 s; Savg: 4.84 ± 0.31; 
Stotal: 29.00 ± 1.91 s; Sdec: 7.6 ± 5.8% 
- 
- 
- 
García-
Unanue et al. 
[169] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
ELT, Savg: 4.37 ± 0.15 s; Sdec: 4.2 ± 
1.4%; AM, Savg: 4.67 ± 0.18 s; Sdec: 6.4 
± 2.2% 
- 
ELT,  CMJ AA: 
35.7 ± 6.0 to 
34.0 ± 4.3 cm 
(-4.8%) 
AM,  CMJ AA: 
33.8 ± 4.2 to 
31.8 ± 3.6 cm 
(-5.9%) 
- 
Gatterer et al. 
[234] 
SHU  
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
NOR, Sbest: 7.18 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 7.60 ± 
0.19 s; Sdec: 5.8 ± 1.9%; HYP, 7.28 ± 
0.21 s; Savg: 7.66 ± 0.32 s; Sdec: 5.2 ± 
2.6% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Gharbi et al. 
[83] 
SHU 
1 × 2 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.26 ± 0.24 s; Stotal: 12.63 ± 0.47 s; 
Sdec: 1.0 ± 0.7% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 1.8 ± 0.6 to 5.7 ± 1.2 
mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 3 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.18 ± 0.23 s; Stotal: 18.75 ± 0.61 s; 
Sdec: 1.5 ± 1.0% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 1.8 ± 0.6 to 9.4 ± 1.7 
mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 4 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.17 ± 0.21 s; Stotal: 25.05 ± 0.81 s; 
Sdec: 2.0 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’:  1.8 ± 0.6 to 9.6 ± 1.9 
mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 5 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.29 ± 0.20 s; Stotal 32.36 ± 1.23 s; 
Sdec: 2.6 ± 1.4% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’:  1.8 ± 0.6 to 10.5 ± 
2.6 mmol·L-1; 
SHU 
1 × 9 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.28 ± 0.23 s; Stotal: 58.68 ± 2.38 s; 
Sdec: 3.9 ± 1.3% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 1.8 ± 0.6 to 12.6 ± 
2.3 mmol·L-1; 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.23 ± 0.23 s; Stotal: 64.96 ± 2.57 s; 
Sdec: 4.5 ± 1.4% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 1.8 ± 0.6 to 12.7 ± 
1.0 mmol·L-1 
Gharbi et al. 
[235] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.10 ± 0.20 s; Stotal: 63.20 ± 2.20 s; 
Sdec: 3.5 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 15.3 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1 
Gibson et al. 
[101] 
MDA 
1 × 6 
40 m 
25 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.11 ± 0.25 s; Stotal: 44.40 ± 1.62 s; 
Sdec: 3.6 ± 1.2% 
- 
- 
- 
Girard et al. 
[236] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s  
P 
- 
Savg: 5.36 ± 0.29 s; Sdec: 8.6 ± 2.8% 
- 
- 
- 
Girard et al. 
[149] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
Savg: 3.23 ± 0.13 s; Sdec:  2.8 ± 1.7%  
- 
ΔL: 13.6 ± 2.1 to 
15.4 ± 2.7 cm; 
Δz: 1.7 ± 0.4 to 
2.2 ± 0.4 cm; 
Fzmax: 2.0 ± 
0.28 to 2.1 ± 
0.26 N; Kvert: 120 
± 9.3 to 97 ± 5.2 
kN·m-1; Kleg: 
15.0 ± 10.0 to 
13.7 ± 7.0 kN·m-
1 
- 
González-
Frutos et al. 
[237] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
30 s 
AK 
 
Savg: 4.89 ± 0.07 s 
- 
- 
- 
Gonzalo-skok 
et al. [102] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 7.16 ± 0.23 s; Savg: 7.52 ± 
0.23 s; Sdec: 5.1 ± 1.8%; CON, Sbest: 
7.17 ± 0.24 s; 7.50 ± 0.24 s; Sdec: 4.6 ± 
1.8% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
MDG 
1 × 5 
25 m (5 m 
per turn) 
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 6.58 ± 0.21 s; Savg: 6.86 ± 
0.25 s; Sdec: 2.0 ± 0.7; CON, Sbest: 6.56 
± 0.3; Savg: 6.84 ± 0.22 s; Sdec: 2.3 ± 
1.5% 
- 
- 
- 
Goodall et al. 
[238] 
STR 
1 × 12 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.23 ± 0.13 s; Savg: 4.68 ± 0.08 s;  
- 
- 
 B[La]3’: 3.1 ± 1.4 to 12.8 ± 
3.0, mmol∙L-1; B[La]post sprint 
1: 2.7 mmol∙L-1; sprint 3: 4.8 
mmol∙L1; sprint 5: 7.2 
mmol∙L-1; sprint 7: 9.1 
mmol∙L-1; sprint 9: 10.4 
mmol∙L-1; sprint 11: 11.6 
mmol∙L-1 
Hamlin et al. 
[239] 
STR 
1 × 10 
40 m 
On 30 s  
(~24 s) 
P 
- 
CWT, Savg: 6.36 ± 0.40 s; 
ARC: 6.38 ± 0.50 s 
- 
- 
CTWI, B[La]3’: 13.6 ± 2.6 
mmol·L-1; HRavg: 171 ± 9 
b·min-1; AR, B[La]3’: 14.2 ± 
2.3 mmol·L-1; HRavg: 173 ± 
11 b·min-1 
Hamlin et al. 
[240] 
STR 
1 × 8  
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
NOR, Stotal: 27.40 ± 3.20; Sdec: 3.5 ± 
1.2%; HYP, Stotal: 27.50 ± 3.90 s; Sdec: 
3.5 ± 1.3%  
- 
- 
- 
Hammami et 
al. [241] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 7.13 ± 0.32 s; Savg: 7.39 ± 
0.33 s, Stotal: 44.4 ± 2.0 s; Sdec: 3.7 ± 
1.4% 
INT, Sbest: 7.21 ± 0.13 s; Savg: 7.44 ± 
0.15 s, Stotal: 44.6 ± 0.9 s; Sdec: 3.1 ± 
1.7% 
- 
- 
- 
Haugen et al. 
[62] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
60 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 3.11 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 3.16 ± 
0.17 s 
CON, Sbest: 3.02 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 3.07 ± 
0.17 s 
- 
- 
INT, B[La]post: 3.8 ± 1.3 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak (% 
HRmax): 85 ± 4% 
CON, B[La]post: 3.5 ± 1.4 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak (% 
HRmax): 86 ± 4% 
Haugen et al. 
[128] 
STR 
1 × 15 
20 m 
60 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 2.94 ± 0.15; Savg: 2.98 ± 0.15 
CR10: 3.8 ± 1.2 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 4.4 ± 1.8 mmol·L-1 
Hermassi et al. 
[242] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.42 ± 0.14; Savg: 4.57 ± 0.12; 
Stotal: 27.40 ± 0.70 s; 3.4 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
1 × 6 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
On 20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.97 ± 0.36; Savg: 6.23 ± 0.25; 
Stotal: 37.40 ± 1.50 s; Sdec: 4.5 ± 3.3% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Higham et al. 
[90] 
STR  
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 24.76 ± 0.62 s 
- 
- 
- 
Hollville et al. 
[243] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 3.14 s± 0.12 s; Stotal: 19.30 ± 0.60 
s; Sdec: 2.4 ± 1.3% 
CR10: 4.5 ± 1.6 
au 
 
HRpost (% HRmax): 88 ± 5% 
Howatson et 
al. [35] 
STR 
1 × 15 
30 m  
60 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.33 ± 0.21 s; Savg: 4.49 ± 0.09 s; 
Sdec: 4.5 ± 1.5% 
- 
- 
 CK 24 h: 158 ± 56 to 776 
± 312 u·L-1 (385%) 
Iaia et al. 
[120] 
STR 
1 × 15 
40 m 
30 s  
P 
- 
SEP, Stotal: 86.09 ± 6.30 s; Sdec: 5.0 ± 
2.3%; SEM, Stotal: 83.81 ± 2.37 s; Sdec: 
4.1 ± 1.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Iaia et al. [19] 
STR 
1 × 6 
5 s  
(~30 m) 
15 s  
P 
- 
- 
- 
- 
B[La]post : 3.1 ± 0.8 to 9.3 ± 
1.6 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 6 
5 s  
(~30 m) 
30 s  
P 
- 
- 
- 
- 
B[La]post : 3.5 ± 1.1 to 6.6 ± 
1.8 mmol·L-1 
STR 
1 × 15 
40 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
RS15, Stotal: 92.91 ± 4.66 s; Sdec: 5.9 ± 
2.2%; RS30, Stotal: 91.45 ± 4.35 s; Sdec: 
5.2 ± 2.1% 
- 
- 
- 
Impellizzeri et 
al. [170] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 6.90 ± 0.09 s; Savg: 7.20 ± 
0.11; Sdec: 4.3 ± 1.2%;  
Retest, Sbest: 6.92 ± 0.10 s; Savg: 7.19 ± 
0.14 s; Sdec: 3.8 ± 1.4% 
- 
- 
- 
Impellizzeri et 
al. [170] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
PRE, Sbest: 6.94 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.32 ± 
0.13 s; Sdec: 5.4 ± 2.2%;  
ELY, Sbest: 6.87 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 7.16 ± 
0.15 s; Sdec: 4.3 ± 1.7%; 
MID, Sbest: 6.93 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.22 ± 
0.14 s; Sdec: 4.2 ± 1.6%; 
END, Sbest: 6.92 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.20 ± 
0.13 s; Sdec: 4.0 ± 1.7% 
- 
- 
- 
Impellizzeri et 
al. [170] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
PRO, Sbest: 6.88 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 7.12 ± 
0.17 s; Sdec: 3.3 ± 1.5%; 
M-PRO, Sbest: 6.83 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 7.20 
± 0.19 s; Sdec: 5.1 ± 1.8%; 
AM, Sbest: 7.08 ± 0.23 s; Savg: 7.55 ± 
0.25 s; Sdec: 6.1 ± 2.0% 
- 
- 
- 
Ingebrigtsen et 
al. [244] 
STR 
1 × 7 
35 m 
25 s 
A 
- 
Savg: 5.25 ± 0.19 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Ingebrigtsen et 
al. [171] 
STR 
1 × 7 
35 m 
25 s 
A 
- 
EL, Savg:.5.24 ± 0.24 s; Sdec: 8.3 ± 
5.3%; S-EL, Savg: 5.26 ± 0.18 s; Sdec: 
6.4 ± 3.7% 
- 
- 
EL, HRpeak: 179 ± 9; 
S-EL, HRpeak: 188 ± 7 
Iacono et al. 
[42] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
On 20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
SSG, Sbest: 5.30 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 5.48 ± 
0.15; Sdec: 3.4 ± 0.5% 
RS, Sbest: 5.31 ± 0.22 s; Savg: 5.48 ± 
0.18; Sdec: 3.3 ± 1.0% 
- 
- 
- 
Izquierdo et al. 
[140] 
STR 
1 × 6 
15 m  
60 s 
P 
- 
PLA, Savg: 2.45 ± 0.06 s; 
INT, Savg: 2.39 ± 0.06 s 
- 
- 
- 
Jiménez-
Reyes et al. 
[246] 
STR  
1 × 10 
40 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
- 
- 
 sprint 1−10: 
V0:  15.1 ± 
1.3%, F0:  5.9 ± 
4.5%; P0:  20.1 
± 3.3%, RF:  
6.8 ± 2.0%, DRF: 
 14.0 ± 6.0 
- 
Johnston & 
Gabbett [40] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
On 20 s  
(~17 s) 
AW 
- 
Sbest: 3.09 ± 0.04 s; Savg: 3.49 ± 0.14 s; 
Stotal: 41.89 ± 0.20 s; Sdec: 11.4 ± 4.5% 
 
6−20: 12.3 ± 1.2 
au 
 
- 
HRpeak: 166 ± 9 b·min-1 
HRavg: 154 ± 9 b·min-1 
Joo [110] 
MDA 
1 × 7 
34.2 m 
25 s 
A 
- 
Stotal: 45.7 ± 2.6 s 
- 
- 
- 
Jorge et al. 
[247] 
MDA 
1 × 7 
34.2 m  
25  
AL 
- 
U20 ELY, Savg: 6.68 ± 0.16 s; Sdec: 4.3 
± 1.0%; U20 MID, Savg: 6.20 ± 0.13 s; 
Sdec: 4.1 ± 1.0%; U20 END, Savg: 6.40 ± 
0.14 s; Sdec: 4.0 ± 1.0%; U17 ELY, Savg: 
7.01 ± 0.21 s; Sdec: 5.3 ± 2.0%; U17 
MID, Savg: 6.25 ± 0.16 s; Sdec: 4.5 ± 
1.8%; U17 END: Savg: 6.32 ± 0.13 s; 
Sdec: 3.8 ± 1.3% 
- 
 - 
- 
Kaplan [109] 
MDA 
1 × 7 
34.2 m  
25  
AL 
- 
Sbest: 7.37 ± 0.26 s; Savg: 7.57 ± 0.25 s; 
Sdec: 4.4 ± 1.7% 
- 
- 
- 
Keir et al. [25] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
- 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 14.8 ± 2.8 mmol·L-
1; VO2avg: 45.6 ± 9.4 ml·min-
1·kg-1; HRpeak: 182 ± 10 
b·min-1 
Keogh [172] 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 m 
On 30 s 
(~25 s) 
AK 
- 
REP, Sdec: 13.1 ± 1.0; 
Club, Sdec: 12.7 ± 1.4 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Kilduff et al. 
[248] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.72 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 7.01 ± 0.16 s; 
Stotal: 42.09 ± 0.94 s 
- 
- 
- 
Klatt et al. 
[36] 
SHU 
4 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
30 s 
P 
5 min 
P 
U20, Sbest: 6.99 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 7.39 ± 
0.26 s 
SEN, Sbest: 7.12 ± 0.29 s; Savg: 7.65 ± 
0.32 s; 
U20, CR10: 8.7 
± 1.2 au 
SEN, CR10: 8.3 
± 2.0 au 
U20, CMJAC: 
37.5 ± 5.1 cm to 
39 ± 4.7 cm  
(4.0%) 
SEN, CMJAC: 
31.6 ± 3.9 cm to 
34.0 ± 3.9 cm  
(7.6%) 
B[La]post: 10.2 ± 2.6 mmol·L-1 
 
U20,  CK 24 h: 285 ± 155 
to 354 ± 134 u·L-1 (24%) 
SEN,  CK 24 h: 214 ± 82 
to 443 ± 207 u·L-1 (47%) 
Krakan et al. 
[249] 
STR 
1 × 6 
25 m 
25 s 
P 
- 
RS, Sbest: 3.78 ± 0.08 s; Savg: 3.97 ± 
0.10 s; Sdec: 5.0 ± 3.2% 
PLY, Sbest: 3.74 ± 0.11 s; Savg: 3.96 ± 
0.14 s, Sdec: 5.8 ± 0.1 
RS, CR10: 7.3 ± 
1.5 au 
PLY, CR10: 8 ± 
1.1 au 
- 
RS, B[La]post: 13.1 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1 
PLY, B[La]post: 14.8 ± 2.3 
mmol·L-1 
Krueger et al. 
[250] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 25 s 
(~21 s) 
P 
- 
CWI, Stotal: 26.23 ± 1.06 s; 
CON, Stotal: 26.05 ± 0.69 s 
- 
- 
- 
Lakomy et al. 
[78] 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 m  
30 s 
AW 
- 
Savg: 5.97 ± 0.40 s; Sdec: 4.2 ± 2.4% 
- 
- 
- 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 m  
30 s 
PR 
- 
Savg: 6.03 ± 0.52 s; Sdec: 3.9 ± 1.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Lapointe et al. 
[251] 
STR 
1 × 12 
30 m 
20 s 
AK 
- 
CON, Sbest: 4.83 ± 0.36 s; Savg: 5.18 ± 
0.51 s; Sdec: 7.1 ± 3.1%; 
INT, Sbest: 4.80 ± 0.35 s; Savg: 5.16 ± 
0.47 s; Sdec: 7.3 ± 3.2%  
CON, CR10: 8 ± 
1.2 au 
INT, CR10: 7.5 
± 1.1 au 
- 
CON, B[La]1’: 14.0 ± 2.4  
mmol·L-1;  
INT, B[La]1’ : 13.5 ± 1.5 
mmol·L-1  
Le Rossignol 
et al. [173] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
SEL, Stotal: 25.26 ± 0.55 s; 
N-SEL, Stotal: 25.92 ± 0.8 s 
- 
- 
- 
Little & 
Williams 
[121] 
STR 
1 × 15 
40 m 
1:6N 
(~34 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.73 ± 0.07 s 
6−20: 14.4 ± 1.0 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 9.6 ± 0.6 mmol·L-1 ; 
HRavg (% HRmax): 85.8 ± 
0.8% 
STR 
1 × 15 
40 m 
1:4N 
(~22 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.93 ± 0.19 s 
 
6−20: 17.1 ± 0.4 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 14.1 ± 1.0 mmol·L-
1 ; HRavg (% HRmax): 89.2 ± 
1.9% 
STR 
1 × 40 
15 m 
1:6N 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 2.59 ± 0.05 s 
6−20: 17.3 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 8.8 ± 1.1 mmol·L-1 ; 
HRavg (% HRmax) : 86.8 ± 
1.0% 
STR 
1 × 40 
15 m 
1:4N 
(~10 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 2.65 ± 0.10 s 
6−20: 18.8 ± 0.4 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 13.0 ± 1.7 mmol·L-
1 ; HRavg (% HRmax): 89.3 ± 
1.2% 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Lockie et al.  
[252] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
AX 
- 
FSH, Savg: 32.08 ± 1.31 s;  
EXP, Savg: 31.67 ± 0.76 s 
- 
- 
- 
Lockie et al. 
[253] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
On 15 s 
(~11s) 
AX 
- 
Stotal: 31.95 ± 1.06 s 
- 
- 
- 
Lockie et al. 
[254] 
STR 
1 × 7 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~15s) 
AX 
- 
Stotal: 31.95 ± 1.06 s 
- 
- 
- 
Lombard et al. 
[255] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 25 s 
(~21 s) 
AX 
- 
Stotal: 26.77 ± 0.96 s 
- 
- 
- 
Madueno et al. 
[24] 
SHU 
1 × 12 
20 m  
(15 + 5) 
 
20 s 
P 
- 
- 
CR10: 6.5 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
 B[La]post: 2.0 to 6.8 
mmol·L-1;  B[La]5’: 4.8 
mmol·L-1; VO2avg: 33.3 ± 4.0 
mL·kg-1· min-1; VO2avg (% 
VO2max): 73.1 ± 9.8%; HRavg: 
166 ± 8 b·min-1 (% HRmax: 83 
± 6%) 
SHU 
1 × 12 
20 m  
(15 + 5) 
20 s 
AZ 
- 
- 
CR10: 6.0 ± 0.5 
au 
- 
 B[La]post: 2.0 to 8.6 
mmol·L-1; B[La]5’: 6.3 
mmol·L-1; VO2avg: 37.7 ± 7.1 
mL·kg-1·min-1 
(% VO2max: 82.5 ± 14.9%); 
HRavg: 173 ± 5 b·min-1 (% 
HRmax: 86 ± 2%) 
Maggioni et 
al. [16] 
SHU 
3 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
3 min 
P 
- 
CR10: 6.1 ± 2.7 
au 
- 
- 
Mancha-
Triguero et al. 
[139] 
STR 
1 × 5 
14 m 
30 s 
A 
- 
M, Sbest: 2.48 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 2.65 ± 0.16 
s; Stotal: 13.27 ± 0.83 s; 
F, Sbest: 2.70 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 2.99 ± 0.15 
s; Stotal: 14.98 ± 0.73 s 
- 
- 
- 
Marcelino et 
al. [256] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
20 s 
Ak 
- 
SSG 1, Sbest: 3.20 ± 0.10 s; Savg: 3.36 ± 
0.10; Sdec: 5.3 ± 3.9%; SSG 2, Sbest: 
3.18 ± 0.07 s; Savg: 3.37 ± 0.07 s; Sdec:  
6.1 ± 3.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Matzenbacher 
et al. [257] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s  
P 
- 
PRE, Sbest: 7.13 ± 0.26 s; Savg: 7.49 ± 
0.34 s; Sdec: 4.9 ± 1.7%;  
END, Sbest:7.15 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 7.42 ± 
0.27 s; Sdec: 3.8 ± 1.9% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
McGawley & 
Andersson 
[258] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
Condition 1, Sbest: 27.70 ± 0.50 s; Sdec: 
4.7 ± 1.6%;  
Condition 2, Sbest: 26.70 ± 0.90 s; Sdec: 
5.2 ± 1.1% 
-  
- 
- 
Meckel et al. 
[259] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
PRE, Stotal: 22.50 ± 0.60 s; Sdec: 2.9 ± 
0.3%; MID, Stotal: 23.70 ± 0.63 s; 
Sdec: 2.3 ± 0.2%; END, Stotal: 23.51 ± 
0.62 s; Sdec: 2.2 ± 0.2% 
- 
- 
- 
Meckel et al. 
[260] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m  
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 39.70 ± 0.60 s; Sdec: 5.0 ± 0.5% 
CR10: 6.9 ± 0.4 
au 
 
- 
 B[La]2’: 2.0 ± 0.1 to 8.8 ± 
0.7 mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 182 ± 2 
b·min-1 
Meckel et al. 
[261] 
STR 
1 × 6 
40 m  
On 30 s 
(~24 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.60 ± 0.26 s; Stotal: 35.10 ± 1.50 s; 
Sdec: 4.8 ± 1.9% 
CR10: 4.9 ± 1.4 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 11.3 ± 2.5 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 179 ± 8 b·min-1 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 3.10 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 38.80 ± 1.20 s; 
Sdec: 5.0 ± 2.0% 
CR10: 4.0 ± 1.3 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 10.5 ± 1.8 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 184 ± 8 b·min-1 
Meckel et al. 
[262] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 27.71 ± 1.40 s;  
Sdec: 1.6 ± 0.7% 
CR10: 5.4 ± 1.5 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 10.1 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 171 ± 7 b·min-1 
Meckel et al. 
[263] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
On 20 s 
(~17 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 37.80 ± 1.40 s; Sdec: 4.4 ± 1.5% 
CR10: 5.2 ± 1.3 
au 
- 
B[La]2’ : 6.7 ± 1.1 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: 174 ± 9 b·min-1 
Michalsik et 
al. [264] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
25 s 
AQ 
- 
Sbest: 4.09 ± 0.12 s; Savg: 4.30 ± 0.13 s 
- 
- 
- 
Mohr et al. 
[265] 
STR 
1 × 5 
30 m  
25 s 
AK 
- 
Savg: 4.58 ± 0.15 s 
- 
- 
- 
Mohr et al. 
[266] 
STR 
1 × 5 
30 m  
25 s 
AK 
- 
SEP, Sbest: 4.34 ± 0.05 s; Savg: 4.45 ± 
0.05 s; SEM, Sbest: 4.32 ± 0.06 s; Savg: 
4.41 ± 0.07 s 
- 
- 
- 
Mohr et al. 
[267] 
STR 
1 × 3 
30 m  
25 s 
AK 
- 
Stotal: 13.36 ± 0.11 s 
- 
- 
- 
Moncef et al. 
[268] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
On 20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 6.38 ± 0.86 s 
- 
- 
- 
Morcillo et al. 
[48] 
STR 
1 × 12 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.09 ± 0.05 s; 
Sdec: 3.7 ± 1.5% 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 9.5 ± 2.3 mmol·L-1 
Moreira et al. 
[269] 
STR 
1 × 5 
30 m 
25 s 
AQ 
- 
Stotal: 4.65 ± 0.68 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Mujika et al. 
[164] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
On 30 s 
(~26 s) 
AL 
- 
U17, Savg: 4.43 ± 0.11 s; Stotal: 26.61 ± 
0.53 s; Sdec: 4.1 ± 1.1%; U18, Savg: 4.39 
± 0.12 s; Stotal: 26.34 ± 0.94 s; Sdec: 4.6 
± 1.1% 
- 
- 
U17, B[La]peak: 10.9 ± 1.7 
mmol·L-1; U18, B[La]peak: 
12.3 ± 1.5 mmol·L-1 
 Müller et al. 
[270] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m 
10 s 
P 
- 
- 
- 
 CMJ AC: 36.1 
± 5.7 to 34.4 ± 
4.9 cm (-4.8%) 
B[La]post: 11.2 ± 4.4 mmol·L-
1; B[La]5’: 15.0 ± 3.9 
HRpeak: 174 ± 20 b·min-1 
Nakamura et 
al. [272] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
On 20 s 
(~15 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.62 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 6.03 ± 0.18 s; 
Sdec: 7.4 ± 2.5% 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 10.6 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1 ; 
HRpeak: 180 ± 6 b·min-1 
Nascimento et 
al [273] 
SHU 
1 × 8 
40 m 
(10 + 20 + 
10) 
20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
CON, Sbest: 8.53 ± 0.34 s; Savg: 9.09 ± 
0.39 s; Sdec: 6.5 ± 1.1%;  
INT, Sbest: 8.14 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 8.53 ± 
0.15 s; Sdec: 4.8 ± 0.8% 
- 
- 
CON, B[La]peak: 13.2 ± 2.7 
mmol·L-1 
INT, B[La]peak: 16.2 ± 2.8 
mmol·L-1 
Nedrehagen & 
Saeterbakken 
[274] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
30 s 
P 
- 
INT, Savg: 7.79 ± 0.37 s 
CON, Savg: 7.79 ± 0.5 
- 
- 
- 
Nikolaidis et 
al. [275] 
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m 
On 30 s 
(~27 s) 
AQ 
- 
Sbest: 3.14 ± 0.11 s; Savg: 3.24 ± 0.11 s; 
Sdec: 3.4 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
- 
Okuno et al. 
[271] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
On 20 s 
(~14 s) 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.82 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 6.06 ± 0.18; 
Sdec: 4.2 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
- 
Padulo et al. 
[276]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s  
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 7.09 ± 0.18 s; Stotal: 44.84 ± 
1.09 s; Sdec: 5.5 ± 1.6%; Retest, Sbest: 
7.06 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 44.76 ± 1.09 s; Sdec: 
5.7 ± 1.7% 
Test, CR10: 7.2 
± 0.9 au;  
Retest, CR10: 
7.2 ± 0.4 au 
- 
 
Test, B[La]3’: 11.3 ± 2.0 
mmol·L-1; Retest, B[La]3’: 
11.7 ± 1.7 mmol·L-1 
Padulo et al. 
[277] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 6.97 ± 0.12 s; Stotal: 43.76 ± 
0.90 s; Sdec: 4.6 ± 1.5%; 
Retest, Sbest: 7.03 ± 0.15 s; Stotal: 44.08 
± 0.75 s; Sdec: 4.5 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
Test, B[La]3’: 11.6 ± 2.2 
mmol·L-1; 
Retest, B[La]3’: 11.6 ± 2.1 
mmol·L-1 
Padulo et al. 
[114] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s  
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 5.81 ± 0.32 s; Stotal: 60.19 ± 
3.57 s; Sdec: 3.5 ± 1.7%; 
Retest, Sbest: 5.82 ± 0.31 s; Stotal: 60.50 
± 3.56 s; Sdec: 3.8 ± 1.6%; 
Test, CR10: 7.8 
± 1.3 au; 
Retest, CR10: 
8.0 ± 1.2 au 
- 
Test, B[La]3’: 11.9 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1; 
Retest, B[La]3’: 11.9 ± 2.1 
mmol·L-1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(10 + 10 + 
10) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 7.02 ± 0.44 s; Stotal: 72.49 ± 
4.82 s; Sdec: 3.3 ± 1.3%; 
Retest, Sbest 7.01 ± 0.44 s; Stotal: 72.51 ± 
4.77 s; Sdec: 3.4 ± 1.4% 
Test, CR10: 7.8 
± 1.6 au 
Retest, CR10: 
8.1 ± 1.5 au 
- 
 
Test, B[La]3’: 11.3 ± 2.8 
mmol·L-1 Retest, B[La]3’: 
11.4 ± 2.5 mmol·L-1 
Padulo et al. 
[156] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Test, Sbest: 7.10 ± 0.20 s; Stotal: 44.89 ± 
1.14 s; Sdec: 5.5 ± 1.9%; 
Retest, Sbest: 7.09 ± 0.20; Stotal: 44.79 ± 
1.13 s; Sdec: 5.3 ± 1.7% 
Test, CR10: 7.0 
± 1.2 au; 
Retest, CR10: 
7.2 ± 0.7 au 
- 
Test, B[La]3’: 11.2 ± 2.1 
mmol·L-1 
Retest, B[La]3’: 11.3 ± 2.0 
mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
AP 
- 
Sbest: 7.16 ± 0.23; Stotal: 45.77 ± 1.34 s; 
Sdec: 6.6 ± 1.6% 
CR10: 7.9 ± 1.2 
au 
- 
B[La]3’: 13.1 ± 2.1 mmol·L-1 
Padulo et al. 
[150]  
SHU 
 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
15 s  
P 
 
Sbest: 7.36 ± 0.10 s; Stotal: 46.12 ± 0.85 s; 
Sdec: 4.5 ± 1.2% 
- 
 CMJ AA: 39.2 
cm to 35.6 ± 0.9 
cm (-9.0%) 
B[La]3’: 14.5 ± 0.4 mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s  
P 
 
Sbest: 7.35 ± 0.16 s; Stotal: 45.41 ± 0.94 s; 
Sdec: 3.0 ± 0.9% 
- 
 CMJ AA: 39.2 
cm to 37.5 ± 2.7 
cm (-4.3%) 
B[La]3’: 12.7 ± 1.2 mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
25 s  
P 
 
Sbest: 7.33 ± 0.13 s; Stotal: 44.82 ± 0.90 s; 
Sdec: 1.9 ± 0.7% 
- 
 CMJ AA: 39.2 
cm to 38.3 ± 3.7 
cm (-2.3%) 
B[La]3’: 8.0 ± 1.5 mmol·L-1 
Paulauskas et 
al. [122] 
SHU 
3 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
5 min 
P 
Sbest: set 1, 58.45 ± 1.63 s; set 2, 59.25 
± 2.03 s; set 3, 60.02 ± 2.41 s; 
 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 13.02 ± 2.28 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak: set 1, 175 
± 8 b·min-1; set 2, 178 ± 5 
b·min-1; set 3, 182 ± 10 
b·min-1; HRavg: set 1, 163 ± 
9.1 b·min-1; set 2, 169 ± 7 
b·min-1; set 3, 169 ± 6 b·min-1 
SHU 
3 × 20 
15 m  
(7.5 + 7.5) 
15 s 
P 
5 min  
P 
Sbest: set 1, 53.37 ± 1.64 s; set 2, 53.58 
± 1.48 s; set 3, 54.04 s 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 8.5 ± 3.4 mmol·L-1; 
HRpeak: set 1, 174 ± 9 b·min-1; 
set 2, 178 ± 8 b·min-1; set 3, 
179 ± 7 b·min-1; HRavg: set 1, 
161 ± 10 b·min-1; set 2, 170 ± 
9 b·min-1; 171 ± 8 b·min-1 
Perroni et al. 
[103]  
MDA 
1 × 7 
30 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
Savg: 6.12 ± 0.04 s; 
Stotal: 42.84 ± 1.96 s; 
Sdec: 3.7 ± 1.2% 
- 
- 
- 
Petisco et al. 
[278]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
20 s  
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.77 ± 0.15 s; 
Stotal: 35.70 ± 0.65 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Purkhús et al. 
[279] 
STR 
1 × 5 
30 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
CON, Savg: 5.46 ± 0.38 s 
INT, Savg: 5.64 ± 0.29 s 
- 
- 
- 
Pyne et al. 
[280] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m  
On 20 s 
(~16 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 25.83 ± 0.60 s; 
Sdec: 3.8 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
- 
Ramírez-
Campillo et al. 
[281] 
STR 
1 × 6 
35 m  
10 s 
P 
- 
CON, Savg: 7.35 ± 0.50 s; 
PLA, Savg: 7.08 ± 0.60 s; 
INT, Savg: 7.48 ± 1.00 s 
- 
- 
- 
Rampinini et 
al. [312] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.00 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 7.25 ± 0.17 s; 
Sdec: 3.3 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
- 
Rampinini et 
al. [174] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
PRO, Sbest: 6.86 ± 0.13 s; Savg: 7.17 ± 
0.09 s; Sdec: 4.5 ± 1.9%; 
AM, Sbest: 6.97 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.41 ± 
0.19 s; Sdec: 6.0 ± 1.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Rodríguez-
Fernández et 
al. [165] 
STR 
1 × 8 
30 m 
25 s 
A  
- 
YTH, Sbest: 4.03 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 4.19 ± 
0.12 s; Stotal: 33.52 ± 0.97 s; Sdec: 
3.9 ± 1.6% 
PRO, Sbest: 3.92 ± 0.11 s; Savg: 4.12 ± 
0.12 s; Stotal: 32.91 ± 0.91 s; Sdec: 
5.2 ± 1.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Rodríguez-
Fernández et 
al. [284] 
STR 
1 × 8 
30 m 
25 s 
AK 
- 
Sbest: 3.87 ± 0.04 s; Savg: 4.03 ± 0.04 s; 
Stotal: 32.26 ± 0.31 s; Sdec: 4.3 ± 0.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Rey et al. 
[283] 
STR 
1 × 6 
25 m  
25 s 
AK 
- 
INT, Sbest: 3.21 ± 0.08 s; Savg: 3.29 ± 
0.07 s; Stotal: 19.77 ± 0.46 s; Sdec: 2.4 ± 
1.5% 
CON, Sbest: 3.15 ± 0.12 s; Savg: 3.25 ± 
0.15 s; Stotal: 19.53 ± 0.95 s; Sdec: 3.1 ± 
1.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Røksund et 
al.[285] 
STR 
1 × 8 
30 m 
On 30 s 
(~27 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 3.14 ± 0.10 s 
- 
- 
- 
Ruscello et al. 
[286] 
STR 
1 × 7  
30 m 
1:5N 
(~26 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.24 ± 0.33 s 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 10.9 ± 1.8 mmol·L-1 
SHU 
1 × 7  
30 m  
(15 + 15)  
1:3N 
(~21 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 6.84 ± 0.44 s 
- 
- 
B[La]3’: 7.9 ± 2.4 mmol·L-1 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Ruscello et al. 
[104] 
STR  
1 × 7 
30 m 
1:5N 
(~22 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 4.53 ± 0.28 s; 
Sdec: 4.8% 
- 
 CMJ AD: 46.8 
± 4.5 to 43.3 ± 
5.0 cm (-7.5%) 
- 
SHU 
1 × 7 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
1:5N 
(~30 s) 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.89 ± 0.35 s; 
Sdec: 3.4% 
- 
 CMJ AD: 46.9 
± 4.5 to 43.0 ± 
5.1 cm (-8.3%) 
- 
MDC 
1 × 7 
30 m (5 m 
per turn) 
1:5N 
(~42 s) 
P  
- 
Savg: 8.51 ± 0.41 s; 
Sdec: 2.5% 
- 
 CMJ AD: 46.9 
± 4.4 to 43.5 ± 
5.0 cm (-7.1%) 
- 
Russell et al. 
[123] 
STR 
1 × 15 
30 m  
60 s 
P 
- 
CON, Savg: 4.34 ± 0.17 s; Stotal: 65.08 ± 
2.56 s; 
INT, Savg: 4.37 ± 0.23 s; Stotal: 65.56 ± 
3.38 s 
- 
- 
CON,  CK 24 h: 232 ± 44 
u·L-1 to 785 ± 129 u·L-1  
(238%); 
INT  CK 24 h: 232 ± 49 
u·L-1 to 799 ± 141 u·L-1  
(244%) 
Salleh et al. 
[287] 
MDC 
1 × 5 
40 m 
60 s 
AU 
- 
Savg: 7.54 ± 0.65 s; Sdec: 1.9 ± 1.6% 
- 
- 
- 
Sánchez-
Sánchez et al. 
[117]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
A 
- 
Sys1, Sbest: 7.38 ± 0.25 s; Savg: 7.93 ± 
0.30 s; Stotal: 47.55 ± 1.74 s; 
Sys2, Sbest: 7.5 ± 0.26 s; Savg: 7.97 ± 
0.26 s; Stotal: 47.85 ± 1.59 s; 
Sys3, Sbest: 7.74 ± 0.29 s; Savg: 8.24 ± 
0.29 s; Stotal: 49.46 ± 1.75 s; 
Sys4, Sbest: 7.51 ± 0.32 s; Savg: 8.02 ± 
0.25 s; Stotal: 48.14 ± 1.48 s 
- 
Sys1,  CMJAA: 
36.5 ± 4.4 to 
28.3 ± 4.5cm  
(-22.5%);   
Sys2,  CMJAA: 
35.5 ± 5.4 to 
26.0 ± 4.9 cm 
(-26.1%);   
Sys3,  CMJAA: 
36.4 ± 5.7 to 
26.5 ± 5.2 cm 
(-27.1%);   
Sys4,  CMJAA: 
36.9 ± 5.1 to 
30.1 ± 5.9 cm 
(-18.5%)  
Sys1, B[La]1’: 12.9 ± 2.3 
mmol·L-1 ; B[La]3’: 13.0 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak 184 ± 13 
b·min-1; 
Sys2, B[La]1’: 12.4 ± 2.4 
mmol·L-1 ; B[La]3’: 13.0 ± 3.0 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak 185 ± 12 
b·min-1;  
Sys3, B[La]1’: 11.0 ± 2.3 
mmol·L-1 ; B[La]3’: 11.0 ± 1.9 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak 183 ± 13 
b·min-1; 
Sys4, B[La]1’: 11.8 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1 ; B[La]3’: 11.1 ± 2.5 
mmol·L-1; HRpeak 185 ± 12 
b·min-1 
Sánchez-
Sánchez et al. 
[288] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
A 
- 
Savg: 4.46 ± 0.17 s; 
Sdec: 4.7 ± 2.0% 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Sánchez-
Sánchez et al. 
[289] 
STR 
1 × 6 
20 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 3.19 ± 0.11 s; 
Savg: 3.29 ± 0.08 s 
- 
- 
- 
Sanders et al. 
[290] 
STR 
1 × 10 
30 m 
25 s 
P 
- 
- 
- 
- 
HRpost (% HRmax): 93% 
Scanlan et al. 
[291] 
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 35.02 ± 2.1 s; Sdec: 2.7 ± 1.2% 
6−20: 15.2 ± 2.1 
- 
B[La]post: 4.6 ± 0.8 to 11.0 ± 
1.6 mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 169 ± 
12 b·min-1 
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m 
30 s 
AAG 
- 
Stotal: 37.73 ± 2.5 s; Sdec: 9.4 ± 5.2% 
6−20: 18.4 ± 1.3 
au 
- 
B[La]post: 5.0 ± 1.1 to 16.5 ± 
4.5 mmol·L-1; HRpeak: 187 ± 9 
b·min-1 
Scanlan et al. 
[292] 
SHU 
1 × 12 
20 m AE 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 2.8 ± 0.8% 
- 
- 
- 
Selmi et al. 
[58] 
STR 
2 × 5 
20 m 
15 s 
AJ 
 
1 min 
P 
Sbest: set 1, 3.31 ± 0.14 s; set 2, 3.38 ± 
0.12 s; Stotal: set 1, 16.97 ± 0.69 s; set 2, 
17.69 ± 0.58 s; Sdec: Set 1, 2.9 ± 1.6%; 
Set 2, 5.1 ± 2.8% 
CR10: 6.3 ± 1.4 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’: 1.8 ± 0.6 to 8.1 ± 
2.2 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 186 ± 14 b·min-1 
HRavg: 137 ± 12 b·min-1 
STR 
2 × 5 
20 m  
15 s 
AJ 
2 min 
P 
Sbest: set 1, 3.28 ± 0.10 s; set 2, 3.33 ± 
0.11 s; Stotal: set 1, 16.90 ± 0.57 s; set 2, 
17.11 ± 0.47 s; Sdec: Set 1, 3.2 ± 1.6%; 
Set 2, 2.8 ± 1.6% 
CR10: 3.2 ± 1.5 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’: 1.5 ± 0.2 to 8.2 ± 
1.0 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 182 ± 9 b·min-1 
HRavg: 125 ± 11 b·min-1 
STR 
2 × 5 
20 m 
15 s 
AJ 
 
4 min 
P 
Sbest: set 1, 3.31 ± 0.11 s; set 2, 3.31 ± 
0.11 s; Stotal: set 1, 16.97 ± 0.64 s; set 2, 
17.06 ± 0.55 s; Sdec: Set 1, 2.7 ± 1.3%;  
Set 2, 3.1 ± 1.4% 
CR10: 3.4 ± 1.2 
au 
- 
 B[La]3’: 1.6 ± 0.3 to 8.5 ± 
1.8 mmol·L-1 
HRpeak: 180 ± 10 b·min-1 
HRavg: 114 ± 5 b·min-1 
Selmi et al. 
[293] 
SHU 
1 × 20 
40 m 
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 7.53 ± 0.48 s; Stotal: 47.86 ± 
2.81 s; Sdec: 6.0 ± 1.9% 
CON, Sbest: 7.69 ± 0.31 s; Stotal: 49.05 ± 
1.52 s; Sdec: 6.3 ± 2.0% 
- 
- 
- 
Shalfawi et al. 
[294] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 4.93 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 5.04 ± 0.20 s; 
Stotal: 35.35 ± 1.40 s; Sdec: 2.2 ± 1.0% 
- 
- 
- 
Shalfawi et al. 
[295] 
STR 
1 × 10 
40 m 
60 s 
P 
- 
INT, Savg: 5.92 ± 0.26 s 
CON, Savg: 5.84 ± 0.27 s 
- 
- 
- 
Shalfawi et al. 
[296]  
STR 
1 × 10 
40 m 
60 s 
P 
- 
ATG, Savg: 6.15 ± 0.4 s 
RS, Savg: 6.19 ± 0.25 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Silva et al. 
[297] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s  
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.44 ± 0.14 s; Savg: 6.57 ± 0.26 s; 
Stotal: 44.20 ± 0.40 s; Sdec: 9.8 ± 1.4% 
- 
- 
- 
Soares-
Caldeira et al. 
[298]  
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
INT, Sbest: 7.17 ± 0.37 s; Savg: 7.62 ± 
0.35 s; Sdec: 6.3 ± 2.0%;  
CON, Sbest: 6.95 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 7.49 ± 
0.20 s; Sdec: 7.8 ± 4.3% 
- 
- 
- 
Spineti et al. 
[299] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
CCT, Sbest: 6.93 ± 0.15 s; Savg: 7.43 ± 
0.10; Sdec: 7.2 ± 2.2% 
TST, Sbest: 7.11 ± 0.19 s; Savg: 7.54 ± 
0.23; Sdec: 6.1 ± 1.9% 
- 
- 
- 
Suarez-
Arrones et al. 
[105] 
MDAF 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
RS, Sbest: 7.60 ± 0.20 s; Savg: 8.00 ± 
0.20 s; Sdec: 5.3 ± 1.3%; 
SQ, Sbest: 7.50 ± 0.30 s; Savg: 7.90 ± 
0.30 s: Sdec: 5.0 ± 2.0% 
- 
- 
- 
SHU 
3 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
6−20: 13.9 ± 0.4 
au 
- 
- 
Stojanovic et 
al. [300] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(15 + 15) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Savg: 5.77 ± 0.18 s;  
Sdec: 3.5 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
- 
Taylor et al. 
[2] 
STR 
3−4 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak (% HRmax): 92 ± 5% 
SHU 
3−4 × 7 
30 m 
20 s 
P 
4 min 
P 
- 
- 
- 
HRpeak (% HRmax): 89 ± 
11% 
Teixeira et al. 
[301]  
STR 
1 × 8 
40 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
IT7.5, Sbest: 8.86 ± 0.25 s; Savg: 9.39 ± 
0.26 s; Sdec: 6.5 ± 1.4%; 
IT15, Sbest: 8.83 ± 0.36 s; Savg: 9.33 ± 
0.36 s; Sdec: 5.7 ± 3.2% 
- 
- 
- 
Thomassen et 
al. [302]  
STR 
1 × 10 
20 m 
15 s 
AK 
- 
INT, Savg: 3.35 ± 0.07 s; Stotal: 33.44 ± 
0.44 s; Sdec: 5.8 ± 1.0% NT, Savg: 3.34 ± 
0.09 s; Stotal: 33.41 ± 0.32 s; Sdec: 5.9 ± 
0.8% 
- 
- 
- 
Tønnessen et 
al. [303] 
STR 
1 × 10  
40 m 
60 s 
- 
P 
INT, Savg: 5.42 ± 0.18 s; 
CON, Savg: 5.41 ± 0.19 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Torreblanca-
Martinez et al. 
[304] 
STR 
1 × 12 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sdec: 6.5 ± 3.0% 
6−20: 15.2 ± 2.5 
au 
- 
HRpost: 179 ± 12 b·min-1 
Tounsi et al. 
[176] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
M, Sbest: 7.09 ± 0.24 s; Savg: 7.32 ± 
0.28; Sdec: 3.2 ± 1.2% 
F, Sbest: 8.42 ± 0.47 s; Savg: 8.85 ± 0.45; 
Sdec: 5.1 ± 2.5% 
- 
- 
- 
Trecroci et al. 
[305] 
STR 
1 × 5 
30 m 
25 s 
P 
- 
SST, Sbest: 4.26 ± 0.11 s; Stotal: 21.94 ± 
0.67 s; ARC, Sbest: 4.25 ± 0.07 s; Stotal: 
21.91 ± 0.58 s 
- 
- 
- 
Turki et al. 
[111] 
MDX 
1 × 6 
20 m  
(4 m per 
turn) 
25 s  
AK 
-  
PRO, Sbest: 5.39 ± 0.18 s; Savg: 5.52 ± 
0.17 s; Stotal: 33.09 ± 1.00 s; Sdec: 2.4 ± 
1.0%; COL, Sbest: 5.49 ± 0.26 s; Savg: 
5.62 ± 0.27 s; Stotal: 33.70 ± 1.60 s; Sdec: 
2.4 ± 0.6% 
- 
- 
- 
Ulupinar et al. 
[126] 
STR 
1 × 10 
40 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 5.43 ± 0.03 s; Stotal: 56.7 ± 1.6 s; 
Sdec: 4.8 ± 1.7% 
6−20: 17 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]peak: 18.6 ± 1.7 mmol·L-
1; HRpeak: 184 ± 8 b·min-1 
HRavg: 164 ± 7 b·min-1  
STR 
1 × 20 
20 m 
15 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 3.18 ± 0.03 s; Stotal: 67.3 ± 3.0 s; 
Sdec: 6.9 ± 2.8% 
6−20: 19 ± 1 au 
- 
B[La]peak: 16.6 ± 2.2 mmol·L-
1: HRpeak: 188 ± 8 b·min-1 
HRavg: 168 ± 9 b·min-1  
Ulupinar et al. 
[125] 
STR 
1 × 20 
15 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 49.9 ± 1.2; Sdec: 3.6 ± 1.8% 
6−20: 11.5 ± 2.9 
au 
-  
B[La]peak: 9.1 ± 3.0 mmol·L-1: 
HRpeak: 186 ± 9 b·min-1 
HRavg: 168 ± 9 b·min-1  
STR 
1 × 20 
15 m  
1:5N 
(~12 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 52.7 ± 1.3; Sdec: 8.7 ± 2.8% 
6−20: 16.3 ± 1.9 
au 
-  
B[La]peak: 14.9 ± 3.7 mmol·L-
1: HRpeak: 190 ± 11 b·min-1 
HRavg : 178 ± 11 b·min-1  
STR 
1 × 10 
30 m  
30 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 44.9 ± 1.2; Sdec: 7.1 ± 3.8% 
6−20: 13.9 ± 2.4 
au 
-  
B[La]peak: 15.0 ± 4.1 mmol·L-
1: HRpeak: 191 ± 13 b·min-1 
HRavg: 172 ± 10 b·min-1  
STR 
1 × 10 
30 m 
1:5N 
(~22 s) 
P 
- 
Stotal: 45.8 ± 1.1; Sdec: 9.3 ± 2.3% 
6−20: 15.8 ± 2.9 
au 
-  
B[La]peak: 16.9 ± 3.5 mmol·L-
1: HRpeak: 190 ± 12 b·min-1 
HRavg: 177 ± 8 b·min-1  
Van den 
Tillaar et al. 
[306] 
STR 
1 × 7 
30 m 
On 30 s 
(~25 s) 
AK 
- 
Savg: 5.46 ± 0.33 s 
- 
- 
- 
 
Exercise protocol 
Outcomes 
Study 
RST 
Mode 
Sets × 
Reps 
Distance / 
Duration 
Rest 
Time 
Rest 
Mode  
I-set 
Rest 
Performance 
Perceptual 
Neuromuscular 
Physiological 
Vasquez-
Bonilla et al. 
[307] 
STR 
1 × 8 
20 m 
20 s 
AK 
- 
Sbest: 3.81 ± 0.17 s; Savg: 4.08 ± 0.21 s; 
Stotal: 32.64 ± 1.75 s; Sdec: 7 ± 3% 
- 
- 
- 
Wadley &  Le 
Rossignol  
[308] 
STR 
1 × 12 
20 m 
20 s 
P 
- 
Stotal: 39.31 ± 0.12 s;  
Sdec: 5.5 ± 3.3% 
- 
- 
- 
West et al. 
[309] 
SHU 
1 × 6 
40 m  
(20 + 20) 
20 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.60 ± 0.16 s; Savg: 6.87 ± 0.15 s; 
Stotal: 41.23 ± 0.92 s 
- 
- 
- 
Woolley et al. 
[33] 
STR 
1 × 40 
15m 
30s 
PR 
- 
- 
6−20: 16.7 ± 1.8 
au 
- 
 CK 24 h: 279 ± 322 to 
1121 ± 1362 u·L-1 (302%) 
Yanci et al. 
[310] 
STR 
1 × 6 
30 m 
25 s 
A 
- 
CON, Savg: 4.57 ± 0.20 s 
PLY1: Savg: 4.47 ± 0.22 s 
PLY2: Savg: 4.45 ± 0.23 s 
- 
- 
- 
Zagatto et al. 
[106] 
SHU 
1 × 10 
30m  
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 6.56 ± 0.30 s; Savg: 6.84 ± 0.30 s; 
Stotal: 68.40 ± 2.91 s; Sdec: 4.2 ± 1.8%  
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 9.8 ± 2.5 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 37.0 ± 2.9 ml·min-
1·kg-1; HRpeak: 185 ± 9 b·min-1 
MDC 
 
1 × 10 
30 m  
(5 m per 
turn) 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 8.14 ± 0.36 s; Savg: 8.39 ± 0.36 s; 
Stotal: 83.99 ± 3.60 s; Sdec: 3.0 ± 1.1% 
- 
- 
B[La]peak: 8.2 ± 1.9 mmol·L-1; 
VO2avg: 36.1 ± 3.2 ml·min-
1·kg-1; HRpeak: 186 ± 9 b·min-1 
Zagatto et al. 
[311] 
SHU 
2 × 10 
30 m  
(10 + 10 + 
10) 
30 s 
P 
P 
5.50 
min 
Set 1, Sbest: 6.85 ± 0.35 s; Savg: 7.01 ± 
0.31 s; Stotal: 70.15 ± 3.07 s; Sdec: 2.4 ± 
1.5% 
Set 2, Sbest: 6.88 ± 0.32 s; Savg: 7.13 ± 
0.36 s; Stotal: 71.31 ± 3.59 s; Sdec: 3.6 ± 
1.58% 
- 
 CMJ AB: 43.2 
± 9.7 to 37.6 ± 
4.0 cm (-9.4 ± 
18.0%) 
- 
Zagatto et al. 
[107] 
MDC 
1 × 10 
30 m 
30 s 
P 
- 
Sbest: 7.09 ± 0.57 s; Savg: 7.30 ± 0.63 s; 
Stotal: 72.84 ± 6.42 s 
- 
- 
- 
Data are presented as mean ± SD. 
 
Abbreviations: I-set = inter-set; RST = repeated-sprint training; sRPE = session ratings of perceived exertion; au = arbitrary units; CR10 = category ration 0−10 rating of perceived exertion scale; 6−20 = 
6−20 rating of perceived exertion scale; SHU = shuttle repeated-sprint; STR = straight-line repeated-sprint; MD = multi-directional repeated-sprint; A = active recovery; P = passive recovery; M = male; 
F = female; B[La]post = blood lactate measured immediately post-exercise; B[La]peak = highest blood lactate value measured from two or more time-points between 0−10 min post-exercise; B[La]1’ = blood 
lactate measured 1 minutes post-exercise; B[La]2’ = blood lactate measured 2 minutes post-exercise; B[La]3’ = blood lactate measured 3 minutes post-exercise; B[La]4’ = blood lactate measured 4 minutes 
post exercise; B[La]5’ = blood lactate measured 5 minutes post-exercise; CK 24 h = serum creatine kinase measured 24 hours post-exercise Sdec = percentage sprint decrement; Savg = average sprint time; 
Sbest = best sprint time; Stotal = total sprint time; CMJ = counter movement jump height; HRavg = average heart rate; HRpeak =  peak heart rate; HRpost = end-set heart rate recorded immediately post-exercise; 
% HRmax = percentage of maximal heart rate; VO2avg = average oxygen consumption; % VO2max = percentage of maximal oxygen consumption; V0 = theoretical maximal velocity F0 = theoretical maximal 
force; P0 = theoretical maximal power; RFpeak = maximal ratio of force; DRF = slope/rate of decrease in ratio of force with increasing velocity; Kvert vertical stiffness;; Kleg = leg stiffness; ΔL = leg compression; 
Δz = centre of mass vertical displacement; Fzmax = maximal vertical force; PLA = placebo group = CON = control group; STR-G = straight-line repeated-sprints groups; SHU-G = shuttle repeated-sprints 
group; High = high VO2 max group; Med = medium VO2 max group; Low = low VO2 max group;  INT = intervention group; U17 = under 17 players; U18 = under 18 players; U19 = under 19 players; 
U20 = under 20 players; PRE = pre-season; ELY = early/start of season; MID = mid-season; END = end/post of season; YTH = youth players; SEN = senior players; PRO = professional players; SEMI = 
semi-proffessional players; COL = college players; REP = representative players; Club = club players; AM = amateur players; EL = elite players; S-EL = sub-elite players; M-PRO = mid-proffessional 
players; EXP = experienced players; FSH = freshman players; FUT = futsal players; SOC = soccer players; SAN = sand training group; GRA = grass training group; NOR = normoxia group; HYP = 
hypoxia group; MG = Melaneysian group; N-MG = non-Meleynesian group; ARC = active recovery condition; SSG = small sided games group; SEM = speed endurance maintenance group; SEP = speed 
endurance production group; RS15 = repeated-sprint group with 15 s rest; RS30 = repeated-sprint group with 30 s rest; Sys1 = turf system 1; Sys2 = turf system 2; Sys3 = turf system 3; Sys4 = turf system 
4; IT7.5 = interval training 7.5 seconds group; IT15 = interval training 15 seconds group; RS = repeated sprint group; ATG = agility training group; 1TR = under 17 group born 1st tertile; 2TR = under 17 
group born 2nd tertile;  3TR = under 17 group born 3rd tertile; Sham = sham group; RES = resisted sprint training group; PLY = plyometric group; PLY1 = plyometrics one day per week group; PLY2 
plyometrics two days per week group; LLTL = live low-train low group; IT100 = interval training at 100% group; IT86 = interval training at 86% group; SQ = squat group; TG = take-off group; PAS = 
passive recovery group; COL = cold water recovery group; CWT = contrast water therapy group; NT = Non-training group; ST = starting players; N-ST = non-starting players; N-SEL = non-selected 
players; SST = soccer specific training condition;  = change from baseline; - = not applicable. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A 3 × multi-angle turns 
B 4 × multi-angle turns 
C 5 × multi-angle turns 
D 2 × 45° turns 
E 2 × 90° turns 
F 2 × 135° turns 
G 4 × 45° turns 
H Run at 8 km·h-1 back to one way start line 
I Light stretching 
J 10 m deceleration zone + 10m run zone at either end 
K Jog back to one way start line 
L Jogging at 2−2.1 m·s-1 
M Single counter-movement jump following each sprint 
 
 
N Exercise to rest ratio 
O Walking or running to maintain 60-65% of HR maximum 
P 3 × counter-movement jumps following each sprint 
Q Self-paced jogging 
R Short enforced deceleration zone (<10m) 
S Run at 6 km·h-1 
T 4 × 90° turns (quadrangle) 
U Walk for 40 s, stationary rest for 20 s 
V 4 × 100° turns 
W 10m zone at both ends to decelerate, then jog back to two-way 
start line.  
X Run at 20% maximal aerobic speed  
 
 
 
Y Run at 35% maximal aerobic speed 
Z Run at 50% maximal aerobic speed  
AA Measured via an Optojump 
AB Measured via force-platforms 
AC Measured via a contact mat 
AD Measured via FreePower Jump 
AE Repeated 5-0-5 Agility test: total rep distance = 20 m, timed 
distance = 10 m 
AF Change of direction performed around a cone 
AG Run at 50% maximal speed 
Supplementary Table S4. Influence of programming variables on the variance of meta-analysed 
acute physiological, perceptual and performance demands of repeated-sprint training in team sport 
athletes. 
 
 
Total Variance (σ2) 
 
Variance 
Explained by 
Moderators 
(R2META) 
Observed 
(no moderators) 
With 
Moderators 
 
HRavg 
b∙min-1 
335 
- 
 
- 
% HRmax 
19 
- 
 
- 
HRpeak 
b∙min-1 
59 
55 
 
0.07 
VO2avg 
ml∙kg-1∙min-1 
89.6 
- 
 
- 
B[La] 
mmol∙L-1 
9.3 
6.3 
 
0.32 
sRPE 
au (deciMax) 
3.1 
3.0 
 
0.03 
Sbest 
s 
2.71 
1.10 
 
0.60 
Savg 
s 
2.68 
0.69 
 
0.74 
Sdec 
% 
4.8 
3.5 
 
0.27 
Dashed lines indicate outcome measure where moderator analysis could not be performed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Acute Demands of Repeated-Sprint Training on Physiological, Neuromuscular, Perceptual and Performance Outcomes in Team Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Thurlow, Fraser,Weakley, Jonathon,Townshend, Andrew D,Timmins, Ryan G,Morrison, Matthew,McLaren, Shaun J