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name
string | category
string | formula(repeating unit)
string | crystal system
string | color
string | crystal habit
string | fracture
string | mohs scale hardness
string | luster
string | specific gravity
string | polish luster
string | optical properties
string | refractive index
string | birefringence
string | pleochroism
string | ultraviolet fluorescence
string | absorption spectra
string | ima symbol
string | crystal class
string | space group
string | unit cell
string | formula mass
string | cleavage
string | tenacity
string | streak
string | diaphaneity
string | 2v angle
string | fusibility
string | strunz classification
string | twinning
string | dana classification
string | density
string | dispersion
string | solubility
string | satin spar
string | selenite
string | alabaster
string | other characteristics
string | colour
string | lustre
string | melting point
string | common impurities
string | hessonite
string | tsavorite
string | leuco-garnet
string | rosolite
string | alexandrite
string | cymophane
string | diagnostic features
string | alters to
string | demantoid
string | melanite
string | topazolite
string | achroite
string | indicolite
string | rubellite
string | verdelite
string | type
string | subgroups
string | composition
string | total known specimens
string | jmol (3d)
string | pronunciation
string | appearance
string | Unnamed: 64
string | atomic number (z)
float64 | group
string | period
string | block
string | electron configuration
string | electrons per shell
string | phase atstp
string | boiling point
string | density (nearr.t.)
string | whenliquid (atm.p.)
string | critical point
string | heat of fusion
string | heat of vaporization
string | molar heat capacity
string | oxidation states
string | electronegativity
string | ionization energies
string | atomic radius
string | covalent radius
string | van der waals radius
string | natural occurrence
string | crystal structure
string | speed of sound thinrod
string | thermal expansion
string | thermal conductivity
string | electrical resistivity
string | magnetic ordering
string | molar magnetic susceptibility
string | young's modulus
string | shear modulus
string | bulk modulus
string | poisson ratio
float64 | mohs hardness
float64 | vickers hardness
string | brinell hardness
string | cas number
string | discovery
string | first isolation
string | titanclinohumite
string | classification
string | primary
string | secondary
string | fluorcanasite
string | frankamenite
string | mesh
string | ta98
string | ta2
string | th
string | fma
float64 | hackmanite
string | extinction
string | pyrope
string | almandine
string | spessartine
string | andradite
string | grossular
string | uvarovite
string | nickeloan rosasite
string | length fast/slow
string | magnetism
string | use/purpose
string | similar occurrences
string | alternative name
string | allotropes
string | recognized as an element by
string | mineral association
string | sapphire
string | ruby
string | emery
string | troostite
string | chinese
string | hanyu pinyin
string | ipa
string | yale romanization
string | jyutping
string | hokkien poj
string | teochew peng'im
string | vietnamese alphabet
string | hangul
string | hanja
string | revised romanization
string | kanji
string | romanization
string | traditionalchinese
string | simplified chinese
string | literal meaning
string | wade–giles
string | relief
string | optical sign
string | color in ppl
string | fabric
string | protoliths
string | tanzanite
string | thulite
string | manganophyllite
string |
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unakite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
nephrite | inosilicate | ca2(mg,fe)5si8o22(oh)2[1] | monoclinic[1] | translucent to opaque and often mottled. light to dark green, yellow to brown, white, gray, black.[1] | massive[1] | splintery to granular[1] | 6.0 to 6.5[1] | dull[1] | 2.95+0.15−0.05[1] | vitreous to greasy[1] | double refractive with anomalous aggregate reaction[1] | 1.606 to 1.632+0.009−0.006[1] | usually not detectable[1] | none[1] | inert[1] | vague line may be present at 500nm, but rarely any lines. rarely, in stones of exceptional gem quality, vague lines in the red part of the spectrum may be seen.[1] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
pyrophyllite | silicate minerals | al2si4o10(oh)2 | monoclinic[2] or triclinic[3] | brown green, brownish yellow, greenish, gray green, gray white | compact spherulitic aggregates of needlelike radiating crystals; as
fine grained foliated laminae, granular, massive | null | 1.5-2 | pearly to dull | 2.65 - 2.9 | null | biaxial (-) | nα=1.534-1.556, nβ=1.586-1.589, nγ=1.596-1.601 | δ =0.0450-0.0620 | null | null | null | prl[1] | prismatic (2/m) or pinacoidal (1) | c2/c or c1 | a = 5.16å, b = 8.966(3)å, c = 9.347(6)å; α = 91.18°, β = 100.46°, γ = 89.64°; z=2 | 360.31 g/mol | [001] perfect | flexible inelastic | white | translucent to opaque | 53-62 | infusible, exfoliates | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
leucite | tectosilicates | kalsi2o6 | tetragonal | white to grey | commonly as euhedral, pseudocubic crystals; rarely granular, massive | conchoidal | 5.5 - 6 | vitreous | 2.45-2.50 | null | uniaxial (+) | nω = 1.508 nε = 1.509 | δ = 0.001 | null | null | null | lct[1] | dipyramidal (4/m) (same h-m symbol) | i41/a | a = 13.056, c = 13.751[å]; z=16 | null | poor on {110} | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.gb.05 | common and repeated on {110} and {101} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
volcanic ash | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
petrified wood | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
parisite | carbonate | ca(ce,la)2(co3)3f2 | monoclinic | brown, brownish yellow, gray-yellow, grayish yellow, yellow, waxy yellow, colourless to yellow in transmitted light | acicular | null | 4+1⁄2 | vitreous - greasy | 4.34 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | pst[1] | domatic (m) (same h-m symbol) | cc | a = 12.305å, b = 7.1056å, c = 28.2478å; β = 98.246°; z=12 | 537.24 g/mol | null | null | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 5.bd.20b | null | 16a.01.05.01 | 4.38 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
grandidierite | nesosilicate | (mg,fe2+)al3(bo3)(sio4)o2 | orthorhombic | cyan to turquoise; bluish green | tabular | brittle | 7.5 | vitreous, glassy | null | null | biaxial (-) | 1.583 - 1.639 | null | visible | null | null | gdd[1] | dipyramidal h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | null | null | good | null | white | transparent to translucent | measured: 24° to 32°, calculated: 32° | null | 9.aj.05 | none | 54.01.01.01 | 2.976 | strong r < v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
perthite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
gypsum | sulfate minerals | caso4·2h2o | monoclinic | colorless (in transmitted light) to white; often tinged other hues due to impurities; may be yellow, tan, blue, pink, dark brown, reddish brown or gray | massive, flat. elongated and generally prismatic crystals | conchoidal on {100}, splintery parallel to [001] | 1.5–2 (defining mineral for 2) | vitreous to silky, pearly, or waxy | 2.31–2.33 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.519–1.521 nβ = 1.522–1.523 nγ = 1.529–1.530 | δ = 0.010 | none | null | null | gp[1] | prismatic (2/m) h-m symbol: (2/m) | monoclinic space group: i2/a | a = 5.679(5), b = 15.202(14) c = 6.522(6)å; β = 118.43°; z=4 | null | perfect on {010}, distinct on {100} | flexible, inelastic | white | transparent to translucent | 58° | 5 | 7.cd.40 | very common on {110} | null | null | null | hot, dilute hcl | pearly, fibrous masses | transparent and bladed crystals | fine-grained, slightly colored | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
gadolinite | nesosilicate | (ce,la,nd,y)2febe2si2o10 | monoclinic | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | gad[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/n | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 9.aj.20 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
serpentinite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
antigorite | phyllosilicateserpentine-kaolinite group | (mg, fe)3si2o5oh4 | monoclinic | green, yellowish-green, blueish-gray | massive or platy | brittle | 3.5-4 | vitreous - greasy | 2.5-2.6 | null | biaxial (-) | null | δ = 0.005-0.006 | null | null | null | atg[1] | null | null | null | null | (001) perfect | null | greenish white | null | null | null | 9.ed.15 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
humite | nesosilicates | (mg,fe)7(sio4)3(f,oh)2. | orthorhombic | white, yellow, dark orange, brown | null | uneven to subconchoidal | 6–6.5 | vitreous | 3.20 – 3.32 | null | biaxial (+) | nα =1.607-1.643, nβ=1.619-1.653, nγ=1.639-1.675 | 0.0320 | null | null | null | hu[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h–m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | a = 10.24, b = 20.72 c = 4.73[å]; z=4 | null | poor | brittle | white | transparent | calculated = 70-78°, measured = 68-81° | null | 9.af.50 | null | null | null | weak, r > v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
mesolite | tectosilicate zeolite | na2ca2(al2si3o10)3·8h2o | orthorhombic | colorless, white, gray, yellowish brown | as elongated prismatic crystals, commonly in hairlike tufts and aggregates of fibers; radiating compact masses; stalactitic; porcelaneous | uneven | 5 | vitreous, silky when fibrous | 2.26 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.505 nβ = 1.505 nγ = 1.505 | δ = 0.001 | null | null | null | mes[1] | pyramidal (mm2) (same h-m symbol) | fdd2 | a = 18.4049(8)å, b = 56.655(6)å, c=6.5443(4)å; z=8 | null | perfect on {110} and {110} | brittle, masses tough | white | transparent to translucent, opaque | measured: 80° | null | 9.ga.05 | characteristically twinned on {010} or {100} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | may exhibit a small pyroelectric effect; piezoelectric | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
thulite | sorosilicate variety | (ca,mn)2al3(sio4)(si2o7)o(oh) | orthorhombic | pink | massive | uneven to conchoidal | 6.5 | vitreous, pearly on cleavage surfaces | 3.10-3.38 | null | biaxial positive | 1.69-1.70 | 0.006-0.018 | present, dichroism or trichroism depending on color. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | perfect {010} imperfect {100} | null | white or colorless | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
brookite | oxide minerals | tio2 | orthorhombic | deep red, reddish brown, yellowish brown, brown, or black | tabular and striated, pyramidal or pseudohexagonal | subconchoidal to irregular | 5+1⁄2 to 6 | submetallic | 4.08 to 4.18 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 2.583 nβ = 2.584 nγ = 2.700 | δ = 0.117 | very weak, yellowish, reddish, orange to brown | non-fluorescent | null | null | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbca | a = 5.4558å, b = 9.1819å, c = 5.1429å; z=8 | 79.88 g/mol[1] | poor on {120}, in traces on {001} | brittle | white, greyish or yellowish | opaque to translucent | calculated: 12° to 20° | null | 4.dd.10 (10 ed) 4/d.15-10 (8 ed) | on {120}, uncertain | 4.4.5.1 | null | 0.131 (compare to diamond at 0.044) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
inderite | mineral | mgb3o3(oh)5 · 5h2o | monoclinic | colorless, white, pink; colorless in transmitted light | null | uneven | 2.5 - 3 | vitreous, greasy, pearly, dull | null | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.488 nβ = 1.491 nγ = 1.505 | 0.017 | none | none | null | idr[1] | prismatic (2/m) | p21/b | 1,041.64 å³ | 279.85 | perfect on {010}, on {110} good | null | null | transparent, translucent | measured 37°, calculated 52° | null | 6.ca.15 | null | 26.3.1.3 | 1.8 | weak, r > v | soluble in hydrochloric acid | null | null | null | pearly on cleavages | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
diaspore | oxide mineral | α-alo(oh) | orthorhombic | white, pale gray, colorless, greenish gray, brown, pale yellow, pink, purple; may exhibit color change | platey, elongated to acicular crystals; also stalactitic, foliated, scaly, disseminated and massive | conchoidal | 6.5–7.0 | adamantine, vitreous, pearly on cleavage faces | 3.1–3.4 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.682–1.706 nβ = 1.705–1.725 nγ = 1.730–1.752 | δ = 0.048 | strong | null | null | dsp[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h–m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | a = 4.4007(6)å b = 9.4253(13)å c = 2.8452(3)å; z=4 | null | {010} perfect, {110} distinct, {100} in traces | very brittle | null | transparent to translucent | measured: 84° to 86°calculated: 80° to 84° | infusible | 4.fd.10 | forms heart shaped twins on {021} or pseudohexagonal aggregates | null | null | r < v, weak | insoluble | null | null | null | decrepitates releasing water in closed tube on heating | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
apache tears | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
marialite | tectosilicate | na4al3si9o24cl | tetragonal | colorless, white, grey; pink, violet, blue, yellow, brown, orange-brown, pale green or reddish | typically flat, pyramidal striated crystals; massive, granular | uneven to conchoidal | 5+1⁄2–6 | vitreous, pearly, resinous | 2.55–2.74 | null | uniaxial (-) | nω = 1.539–1.550 nε = 1.532–1.541 | δ = 0.007 - 0.009 | null | null | null | mar[1] | dipyramidal (4/m) (same h-m symbol) | i4/m | a = 12.06å, c = 7.572(3)å; z=2 | null | distinct on {100} and {110} | brittle | white | transparent to opaque | null | null | 9.fb.15 | null | null | 2.5–2.62 g/cm3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
riebeckite | silicate mineral | na2(fe2+3fe3+2)si8o22(oh)2 | monoclinic | black, dark blue; dark blue to yellow-green in thin section | as prismatic crystals, commonly fibrous, asbestiform; earthy, massive | conchoidal to uneven | 6 | vitreous to silky | 3.28–3.44 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.680–1.698 nβ = 1.683–1.700 nγ = 1.685–1.706 | δ = 0.005–0.008 | x = blue, indigo; y = yellowish green, yellow brown; z = dark blue | null | null | rbk[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/m | a = 9.76å, b = 18.04å c = 5.33å; β = 103.59°; z=2 | null | perfect on {110}, intersecting at 56° and 124°; partings on {100} and {010} | brittle | pale to bluish gray | semitransparent | measured: 68° to 85°, calculated: 62° to 78° | null | null | simple or multiple twinning parallel to {100} | null | null | strong | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
carletonite | phyllosilicate | kna4ca4(co3)4si8o18(f,oh)·(h2o) | tetragonal | null | prismatic crystals, massive | conchoidal | 4 - 4+1⁄2 | null | 2.45 | null | uniaxial (-) | nω = 1.521 nε = 1.517 | δ = 0.004 | weak; o = pale blue; e = pale pinkish brown | null | null | cto[1] | ditetragonal dipyramidal (4/mmm) h–m symbol: (4/m 2/m 2/m) | p4/mbm | a = 13.17å, c = 16.69å; z=4 | null | perfect on {001}, good on {110} | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.eb.20 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | colourless, light blue, dark blue, or pink | vitreous | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
peridotite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
dendrite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
sapphire | oxide mineral | aluminium oxide, al2o3 | trigonal | typically blue, but varies | as crystals, massive and granular | conchoidal, splintery | 9.0 | vitreous | 3.98–4.06 | null | abbe number 72.2 | nω = 1.768–1.772 nε = 1.760–1.763, birefringence 0.008 | null | strong | null | null | null | hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) h-m symbol: (32/m) | r3c | null | null | poor | null | colorless | transparent to nearly opaque | null | infusible | null | both growth twins (in various orientations) and polysynthetic glide twinning on the rhombohedron [1011 | null | null | null | insoluble | null | null | null | coefficient of thermal expansion (5.0–6.6)×10−6/k[citation needed]
relative permittivity at 20 °c ε = 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic)[1] | null | null | 2,030–2,050 °c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
phlogopite | mica, phyllosilicates | kmg3(alsi3o10)(f,oh)2 | monoclinic | brown, brownish red, dark brown, yellow, yellowish brown, green, white and gray | tabular, scaly masses, rarely perfect phenocryst tablets | none | 2–2.5 | pearly, sometimes slightly metallic on cleavage surfaces | 2.78–2.85 | null | biaxial (-), 2v=12 | nα = 1.530–1.573 nβ = 1.557–1.617 nγ = 1.558–1.618 | δ =0.0280–0.0450 | null | null | null | phl[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/m | null | null | perfect basal (001) | tough, flexible thin laminae | white | transparent to translucent | 16–20° | null | 9.ec.20 | composition twinning | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | fluorescent | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
vesuvianite | sorosilicate | ca10(mg, fe)2al4(sio4)5(si2o7)2(oh,f)4 | tetragonal | yellow, green, brown; colorless to white, brown-black, light green, emerald green, violet, blue-green to blue, pink, purple, red, black, commonly zoned | short pyramidal to long prismatic crystals common, massive to columnar | sub conchoidal to irregular | 6–7 | vitreous to resinous | 3.32–3.43 | null | uniaxial (−) | nω = 1.703–1.752nε = 1.700–1.746 | 0.004–0.006 | slight in colored varieties | null | null | ves[1] | ditetragonal dipyramidal (4/mmm) h-m symbol: (4/m 2/m 2/m) | p4/nnc | a = 15.52å, c = 11.82å z=2 | null | poor on {110} and {100} very poor on {001} | brittle | white | subtransparent to translucent | null | null | 9.bg.35 | fine twin domains observed | null | null | null | vesuvianite is virtually insoluble in acids | null | null | null | striated lengthwise | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
variscite | phosphate minerals | alpo4·2h2o | orthorhombic | pale to emerald-green (pale green in transmitted light), green, blue green, yellow green, pale shades of brown or yellow, rarely red and colourless to white | encrustations and reniform masses | conchoidal to splintery | 4.5 | vitreous to waxy | 2.57 to 2.61 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.563 nβ = 1.588 nγ = 1.594 | δ = 0.031 | null | null | null | var[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbca | null | null | [010] perfect | null | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 8.cd.10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
goethite | oxide minerals hydroxide subgroup | α-feo(oh) | orthorhombic | yellowish to reddish to dark brown or black | radial acicular, mammillary, botryoidal, stalactitic, massive, as encrustation, as pseudomorph; may be banded or iridescent | uneven to splintery | 5.0–5.5 | adamantine to dull | 3.3–4.3 | null | null | opaque to sub-translucent | null | null | null | null | gth[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h–m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | null | null | perfect {010} | null | brown, brownish yellow to orange yellow | null | null | fusible at 5–5.5 | 4.fd.10 | null | null | null | null | hcl soluble | null | null | null | weakly magnetic | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
golden sheen sapphire | oxide mineral | aluminium oxide, al2o3 | trigonal | typically metallic gold, copper or bronze, blue, green but varies | as crystals, massive and granular | conchoidal, splintery | 9.0 | vitreous | 3.95–4.03 | null | abbe number 72.2 | nω=1.768–1.772 nε=1.760–1.763, birefringence 0.008 | null | strong | null | null | null | hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) h-m symbol: (32/m) | r3c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | infusible | null | null | null | null | null | insoluble | null | null | null | coefficient of thermal expansion (5.0–6.6)×10−6/k
relative permittivity at 20°c ε = 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic).[1] | null | null | 2,030–2,050 °c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
xonotlite | inosilicates | ca6si6o17(oh)2 | monoclinic | white, grey, pale pink, lemon white, colorless | null | splintery, tough | 6.5 | vitreous, silky, pearly | 2.70 – 2.72 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.583 nβ = 1.585 nγ = 1.595 | 0.012 | null | short uv = weak gray-white long uv = weak white | null | xon[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p2/a | 879.33 | null | perfect, good | null | white | transparent, translucent | 50° | null | 9.dg.35 | null | 66.3.1.1 | measured: 2.70 – 2.72 calculated: 2.71 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | fe, mn, h2o | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
pezzottaite | cyclosilicate minerals | cs(be2li)al2si6o18 | trigonal | raspberry red, orange-red, pink | flattened, tabular, equant, aggregate | conchoidal to uneven | 8 | vitreous | 3.10 | null | uniaxial | 1.601 to 1.620 | -0.008 to 0.011 | moderate dichroic | null | null | pez[1] | ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) (same h-m symbol) | r3c | null | null | imperfect; basal | brittle | white | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cobaltite | sulfide mineral | coass | orthorhombic | reddish silver white, violet steel gray to black | granular to massive, rarely as striated crystals, pseudocubic. | uneven | 5.5 | metallic | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | cbt[1] | pyramidal (mm2) (same h-m symbol) | pc21b | a = 5.582å, b = 5.582å, c = 5.582å; z=4 | null | perfect on {001} | brittle | grayish-black | opaque | null | null | 2.eb.25 | about [111] creating pseudo-cubic forms and striations | null | 6.33 g/cm3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
whewellite | oxalate minerals | cac2o4·h2o | monoclinic | colorless, yellowish, brownish | equant or stout prismatic crystals | conchoidal | 2.5-3 | vitreous to pearly | 2.23 | null | biaxial (+), colorless (transmitted light) | null | null | null | null | null | whe[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/c (no. 14) | null | null | {101} good, {010} imperfect, {001} indistinct, {110} indistinct | brittle | null | transparent | null | null | 10.ab.45 | e {101} twin plane | null | null | null | insoluble in water, soluble in acids | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
adamite | arsenate mineral | zn2aso4oh | orthorhombic | pale yellow, honey-yellow, brownish yellow, reddish; rarely white, colorless, blue, pale green to green, may be zoned | wedge-like prisms typically in druses and radiating clusters; also smooth botryoidal masses | uneven to subconchoidal | 3.5 | vitreous | 4.32–4.48 measured | null | biaxial (+/−) | nα=1.708 – 1.722, nβ=1.742 – 1.744, nγ=1.763 – 1.773 | δ = 0.055 | null | null | null | ad[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h–m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pnnm | null | null | {101}, good; {010}, poor | brittle | white to pale green | null | null | null | 8.bb.30 | null | 41.06.06.03 olivenite group | null | null | null | null | null | null | may fluoresce and phosphoresce lemon-yellow under sw and lw uv. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
gyrolite | phyllosilicate | naca16(si23al)o60(oh)8·14h2o | triclinic | white, colorless, green, yellow or brown | compact, lamellar, platy | null | 2+1⁄2 | vitreous, pearly | null | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.535 nβ = 1.548 nγ = 1.549 | δ = 0.0140 | null | null | null | gyr[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 | a = 9.74, b = 9.74 c = 22.4[å]; α = 95.71° β = 91.51°, γ = 120.01°; z=4 | null | perfect on {001} | brittle | null | transparent, translucent, opaque | null | null | 9.ee.30 | lamellar | 73.2.2c.1 | 2.45 - 2.51 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
goldstone | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
baltic amber | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
hessonite | nesosilicate | ca3al2(sio4)3 | cubic[2] | light to dark green, light to dark yellow to reddish brown, brown, orange, red, yellow, green, white, occasionally translucent to opaque pink. it is also but rarely
found in colorless form[2] | null | conchoidal to uneven[2] | 6.5 to 7[2] | greasy to vitreous[2] | 3.61 (+.15 -.04) | vitreous[2] | single refractive, often anomalous double refractive[2] | 1.740 (+.12 -.04)[2] | none | none | near colorless to light green – inert to weak orange in longwave and weak yellow-orange in shortwave; yellow – inert to weak orange in longwave and shortwave[2] | hessonite sometimes shows bands at 407 and 430nm | grs[1] | hexoctahedral (m3m) h-m symbol: (4/m 3 2/m) | ia3d | null | null | none | null | brown | null | null | null | 9.ad.25 | null | null | null | .028 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | yellow-red to reddish-orange | intense green to yellowish green | transparent and colorless[3] | translucent to opaque pink grossularite crystals in marble from mexico | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
amazonite | tectosilicate | kalsi3o8 | triclinic | green, blue-green | prismatic | uneven, splintery | 6.0–6.5 | vitreous | 2.56–2.58 | null | null | 1.522–1.530 | −0.008 | absent | weak; olive-green | null | null | null | null | null | null | perfect | brittle | white | translucent, opaque | null | null | null | null | null | null | none | null | null | null | null | radioactive 14.05% (k) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
prasiolite | oxide mineral | null | trigonal | shades of green | hexagonal prisms | conchoidal[1] | 7 – lower in impure varieties[1] | null | 2.65 | null | null | 1.544 to 1.553[2] | 0.009[3] | null | none | null | null | null | null | null | null | none | brittle[1] | null | transparent to nearly opaque | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
quartz | silicate mineral[1] | sio2 | α-quartz: trigonal β-quartz: hexagonal | colorless through various colors (pink, orange, purple, dark brown)
to black | 6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical), drusy, fine-grained to microcrystalline, massive | conchoidal | 7– lower in impure varieties (defining mineral) | vitreous– waxy to dull when massive | 2.65; variable 2.59–2.63 in impure varieties | null | uniaxial (+) | nω = 1.543–1.545 nε = 1.552–1.554 | +0.009 (b-g interval) | none | null | null | qz[2] | α-quartz: trapezohedral (class 3 2) β-quartz: trapezohedral (class 6 2 2)[3] | α-quartz: p3221 (no. 154)[4]β-quartz: p6222 (no. 180) or p6422 (no. 181)[5] | a = 4.9133 å, c = 5.4053 å; z=3 | 60.083g·mol−1 | {0110} indistinct | brittle | white | transparent to nearly opaque | null | null | 4.da.05 (oxides) | common dauphine law, brazil law and japan law | 75.01.03.01 (tectosilicates) | null | null | insoluble at stp; 1ppmmass at 400°c and 500 lb/in2 to 2600ppmmass at 500°c and 1500 lb/in2[3] | null | null | null | lattice: hexagonal, piezoelectric, may be triboluminescent, chiral (hence optically active if not racemic) | null | null | 1670 °c (β tridymite) 1713 °c (β cristobalite)[3] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
euclase | nesosilicate | bealsio4(oh) | monoclinic | colorless, white, pale green to deep yellowish green, greenish blue, pale blue to deep blue, and light red | prismatic crystals | conchoidal | 7.5 | vitreous | 2.99 - 3.1 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.652 nβ = 1.655 nγ = 1.671 | δ = 0.019 | may be marked in shades of deep blue | null | null | ecs[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/a | a = 4.763, b = 14.29 c = 4.618[å]; β = 100.25°; z=4 | null | perfect, perfect on {010}, imperfect on {110} {001} | brittle | white | transparent, translucent | 50° | null | 9.ae.10 | null | null | null | r > v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
jeremejevite | borate mineral | al6b5o15(f,oh)3 | hexagonal | colorless, white, yellowish, blue, light yellow brown, aquamarine blue, rarely violet; colourless in transmitted light | prismatic | conchoidal | 6.5 - 7.5 | vitreous | 3.28 - 3.31 | null | uniaxial (-) | nω = 1.653 nε = 1.640 | 0.0130 | colorless - light blue-violet | null | null | jer[1] | dipyramidal class (6/m)h-m symbol: (6/m) | p63/m | null | null | none observed | null | white | transparent | null | null | 6.ab.15 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | piezoelectric | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
pectolite | inosilicate mineral | naca2si3o8(oh) | triclinic | colorless, whitish, grayish, yellowish | tabular to acicular, radiating fibrous, spheroidal, or columnar; massive | uneven | 4.5 - 5 | silky, subvitreous | 2.84 - 2.90 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.594 - 1.610 nβ = 1.603 - 1.614 nγ = 1.631 - 1.642 | δ = 0.037 | null | null | null | pct[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 | a = 7.99å, b = 7.03å, c = 7.03å; α = 90.51°, β = 95.21°, γ = 102.53°; z=2 | null | perfect on {100} and {001} | brittle; tough when compact | white | translucent to opaque | measured: 50° to 63°, calculated: 42° to 60° | null | null | twin axis [010] with composition plane [100], common | null | null | r > v weak to very strong | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cymophane | oxide minerals | beal2o4 | orthorhombic | various shades of green, emerald-green yellow, blue, brownish to greenish black, may be raspberry-red under incandescent light when chromian; colorless, pale shades of yellow, green, or red in transmitted light | crystals tabular or short prismatic, prominently striated | conchoidal to uneven | 8.5 | vitreous | 3.5–3.84 | null | biaxial (+) | nα=1.745 nβ=1.748 nγ=1.754 | null | x = red; y = yellow-orange; z = emerald-green | null | null | cbrl[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | a = 5.481å, b = 9.415å, c = 4.428å; z=4 | null | distinct on {110}, imperfect on {010}, poor on {001} | brittle | white | null | measured: 70° | null | 4.ba.05 | contact and penetration twins common, often repeated forming rosette structures | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | color change; green to red | chatoyant | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
danburite | tectosilicates | cab2(sio4)2 | orthorhombic | null | euhedral prismatic crystals; disseminated masses | subconchoidal to uneven | 7 – 7.5 | null | 2.93 - 3.02 | null | biaxial (+/-) | nα = 1.627 – 1.633 nβ = 1.630 – 1.636 nγ = 1.633 – 1.639 | δ = 0.006 | null | fluorescent and thermoluminescent (red); short uv=violet blue; long uv=blue to blue-green | null | dbu[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pnam | a = 8.038(3), b = 8.752(5) c = 7.73[å]; z=4 | null | {001} poor | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | 88 to 90° measured | null | 9.fa.65 | null | 56.3.1.1 | null | r < v strong | null | null | null | null | null | colourless, white, gray, brownish white, straw yellow | vitreous – greasy | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
tourmaline | cyclosilicate | (ca,k,na, ▢)(al,fe,li,mg,mn)3(al,cr,fe,v)6(bo3)3(si,al,b)6o18(oh,f)4[1][2] | trigonal | most commonly black, but can range from colorless to brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, pink, or hues in-between. it can also be bi-colored, or even tri-colored. rarely, it can be found as neon green or electric blue. | parallel and elongated; acicular prisms, sometimes radiating; massive; scattered grains (in granite) | uneven, small conchoidal | 7.0–7.5 | vitreous, sometimes resinous | 3.06+0.20−0.06[1] | vitreous[1] | double-refractive, uniaxial negative[1] | nω = 1.635–1.675nε = 1.610–1.650 | −0.018 to −0.040; typically about −0.020 but in dark stones it may reach −0.040[1] |
typically moderate to strong[1]
red: definite; dark red, light red
green: strong; dark green, yellow-green
brown: definite; dark brown, light brown
blue: strong; dark blue, light blue
| pink stones; inert to very weak red to violet in long and short wave[1] | strong narrow band at 498nm, and almost complete absorption of red down to 640nm in blue and green stones; red and pink stones show lines at 458 and 451nm, as well as a broad band in the green spectrum[1] | tur[3] | ditrigonal pyramidal (3m)h-m symbol: (3m) | r3m (no. 160) | null | null | indistinct | brittle | white | translucent to opaque | null | null | null | null | null | 2.82–3.32 | 0.017[1] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fire opal | mineraloid | hydrated silica. sio2·nh2o | amorphous[2] | colorless, white, yellow, red, orange, green, brown, black, blue, pink | irregular veins, in masses, in nodules | conchoidal to uneven[2] | 5.5–6[2] | subvitreous to waxy[2] | 2.15+0.08−0.90[2] | vitreous to resinous[2] | single refractive, often anomalous double refractive due to strain[2] | 1.450+0.020−0.080mexican opal may read as low as 1.37, but typically reads 1.42–1.43[2] | none[2] | none[2] | black or white body color: inert to white to moderate light blue, green, or yellow in long and short wave, may also phosphoresce, common opal: inert to strong green or yellowish green in long and short wave, may phosphoresce; fire opal: inert to moderate greenish brown in long and short wave, may phosphoresce[2] | green stones: 660nm, 470nm cutoff[2] | opl[1] | null | null | null | null | none[2] | null | white | opaque, translucent, transparent | null | null | null | null | null | 2.09 g/cm3 | null | hot salt water, bases, methanol, humic acid, hydrofluoric acid | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | darkening upon heating | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
nepheline | tectosilicate, feldspathoid | (na,k)alsio4 | hexagonal | white, gray, brown, brownish gray, or reddish white | massive granular to prismatic | subconchoidal | 6 | vitreous to greasy | 2.55–2.65 (average: 2.59) | null | uniaxial (−) | nω = 1.529–1.546 nε = 1.526–1.542 | δ = 0.003–0.004 | null | null | null | nph[1] | pyramidal (6) h–m symbol: (6) | p63 | null | 146.08 g/mol | [1010] poor | null | white | null | null | null | 9.fa.05 | on [1010], [3365], and [1122] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | non-radioactive, non-magnetic, non-fluorescent | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
analcime | zeolite | naalsi2o6·h2o | orthorhombic | white, colorless, gray, pink, greenish, yellowish | typically in crystals, usually trapezohedrons, also massive to granular. | uneven to subconchoidal | 5 - 5.5 | vitreous | 2.24 - 2.29 | null | isotropic; anomalously biaxial (-) | n = 1.479 - 1.493 | null | none | short uv = greenish blueish white long uv = green, creamy white-yellow | null | anl | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | ibca | null | 220.15 | indistinct on {001}, {010}, {100} | null | white | transparent to subtransparent to translucent | null | 3.5 | 9.gb.05 | polysynthetic on [001], [110] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | weakly piezoelectric and pyroelectric; weakly electrostatic when rubbed or heated | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
moss agate | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
samarskite | oxide minerals | (yfe3+fe2+u,th,ca)2(nb,ta)2o8 | orthorhombic | black, may have a brownish tint, brown to yellowish brown due to alteration; light to dark brown in transmitted light | crystals elongated with pyramidal terminations; commonly granular to massive | conchoidal fragments | 5 - 6 | vitreous - resinous | null | null | appears isotropic | n = 2.1–2.2 | null | null | null | null | smk-y[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbcn | a = 5.687å, b = 4.925å c = 5.21å; z=2 | null | {010}, indistinct | brittle | reddish brown | opaque, transparent in thin fragments | null | null | 4.db.25 | null | null | 5.6 - 5.8, average = 5.69 | null | null | null | null | null | radioactive (greater than 70 bq / gram) | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | metamict | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
zunyite | sorosilicates | al13si5o20(oh,f)18cl | isometric | grayish white, flesh-red; colorless in thin section | crystalline - occurs as well-formed fine sized crystals | uneven | 7 | vitreous | 2.874(5) (meas.) 2.87 - 2.90 (calc.) | null | isotropic | n = 1.592 - 1.600 | null | null | null | null | znu[1] | hextetrahedral (43m) h-m symbol: (43m) | f43m | a = 13.8654 - 13.8882å; z=4 | null | good on {111} | brittle | white | transparent to translucent with inclusions | null | null | 9.bj.55 | on {111}, contact and penetration | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | may fluoresce red under uv | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fergusonite | oxide minerals | reenbo4 (ree: rare-earth element) | tetragonal | black, black, brown, gray, yellow | metamict – mineral originally crystalline, now amorphous due to radiation damage | subconchoidal – fractures developed in brittle materials characterized by semi-curving surfaces | 5.5–6 | submetallic | null | null | null | 2.05–2.19, isotropic | null | null | null | null | fgs[1] | dipyramidal (4/m) h-m symbol: (4/m) | i41/a | null | 245.81 g/mol (y) | indistinct | null | brown | null | null | null | 7.ga.05 | null | null | 4.3–5.8, average = 5.05 | null | null | null | null | null | nonmagnetic, non-fluorescent, non-radioactive | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
ferroaxinite | cyclosilicates | (ca,fe,mn)3al2bo3si4o12oh or ca2(fe,mn)al2bsi4o15(oh) | triclinic | reddish brown to yellow to colorless. blue, violet, grey. | tabular, wedge shaped crystals | conchoidal | 6.0–7.5 | vitreous | 3.18–3.37 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.672–1.693 nβ = 1.677–1.701 nγ = 1.681–1.704 | δ = 0.011 | strong | null | null | ax[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 | null | null | good on {100} | null | white | null | null | null | 9.bd.20 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
malachite | carbonate mineral | cu2co3(oh)2 | monoclinic | bright green, dark green, blackish green, with crystals deeper shades of green, even very dark to nearly black commonly banded in masses; green to yellowish green in transmitted light | massive, botryoidal, stalactitic, crystals are acicular to tabular prismatic | subconchoidal to uneven | 3.5–4 | adamantine to vitreous; silky if fibrous; dull to earthy if massive | 3.6–4 | null | biaxial (–) | nα = 1.655 nβ = 1.875 nγ = 1.909 | δ = 0.254 | null | null | null | mlc[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/a | null | 221.1 g/mol | perfect on {201} fair on {010} | null | light green | translucent to opaque | null | null | 5.ba.10 | common as contact or penetration twins on {100} and {201}. polysynthetic twinning also present. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cubic zirconia |
oxide minerals
| null | cubic | various | null | null | 8.0-8.5 | null | 5.6-6.0 g/cm3 | null | null | 2.15-2.18 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cryolite | halide mineral | na3alf6 | monoclinic | colorless to white, also brownish, reddish and rarely black | usually massive, coarsely granular. the rare crystals are equant and pseudocubic | uneven | 2.5 to 3 | vitreous to greasy, pearly on {001} | 2.95 to 3.0. | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.3385–1.339, nβ = 1.3389–1.339, nγ = 1.3396–1.34 | δ = 0.001 | null | null | null | crl[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/n | a = 7.7564(3)å, b = 5.5959(2)å, c = 5.4024(2)å; β = 90.18°; z=2 | 209.9 g mol−1 | none observed | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | 43° | null | 3.cb.15 | very common, often repeated or polysynthetic with simultaneous occurrence of several twin laws | 11.6.1.1 | null | r < v | soluble in alcl3 solution, soluble in h2so4 with the evolution of hf, which is poisonous. insoluble in water.[2] | null | null | null | weakly thermoluminescent. small clear fragments become nearly invisible when placed in water, since its refractive index is close to that of water. may fluoresce intense yellow under swuv, with yellow phosphorescence, and pale yellow phosphorescence under lwuv. not radioactive. | null | null | 1012 °c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
ammolite | fossilized, mineralized ammonite shell | caco3 aragonite polymorph, with minor amounts of calcite, pyrite, silica, and other impurities[1] | null | gray to brown, can be radiant blue, with primarily red to green iridescence.[1] | null | uneven to granular[1] | 3.5 - 4.5 | greasy to dull[1] | usually about 2.70 (varies with mineral content)[1] | vitreous[1] | anomalous aggregate reaction[1] | usually 1.52 - 1.68 (varies with mineral content)[1] | 0.135 - 0.145[1] | none[1] | variable[1] | null | null | null | null | null | null | no true cleavage | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
anorthite | feldspar | caal2si2o8 | triclinic | white, grayish, reddish | anhedral to subhedral granular | uneven to conchoidal | 6 | vitreous | 2.72–2.75 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.573–1.577 nβ = 1.580–1.585 nγ = 1.585–1.590 | δ = 0.012–0.013 | null | null | null | an[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 | a = 8.1768, b = 12.8768 c = 14.169[å]; α = 93.17° β = 115.85°, γ = 92.22°; z=8 | 278.203g·mol−1 | perfect [001] good [010] poor [110] | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | 78° to 83° | null | 9.fa.35 | common | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 1553 °c[2] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
marcasite | sulfide mineral | fes2 | orthorhombic | tin-white on fresh surface, pale bronze-yellow, darkening on exposure, iridescent tarnish | crystals typically tabular on {010}, curved faces common; stalactitic,
reniform, massive; cockscomb and spearhead shapes due to twinning on {101}. | irregular/uneven | 6–6.5 | metallic | 4.875 calculated, 4.887 measured | null | null | null | null | [100] creamy white; [010] light yellowish white; [001] white with rose-brown tint. anisotropism: very strong, yellow through pale green to dark green | null | null | mrc[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pnnm | a = 4.436å, b = 5.414å, c = 3.381å; z=2 | 119.98g/mol | cleavage: {101}, rather distinct; {110} in traces | brittle | dark-grey to black. | opaque | null | null | 2.eb.10a | common and repeated on {101}; less common on {011}. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
smithsonite | carbonate mineral | znco3 | trigonal | white, grey, yellow, green to apple-green, blue, pink, purple, bluish grey, and brown | uncommon as crystals, typically botryoidal, reniform, spherulitic; stalactitic, earthy, compact massive | uneven, sub-conchoidal | 4.5 | vitreous, may be pearly | 4.4 - 4.5 | null | uniaxial (-) | nω = 1.842 - 1.850 nε = 1.619 - 1.623 | δ = 0.223 - 0.227 | null | may fluoresce pale green or pale blue under uv | null | smt[1] | hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) h-m symbol: (3 2/m) | r3c | a = 4.6526(7) c = 15.0257(22)[å]; z=6 | null | perfect on [1011] | brittle | white | translucent | null | null | 5.ab.05 | none observed | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fluor-liddicoatite | cyclosilicate tourmaline group | ca(li2al)al6(bo3)3si6o18(oh)3f | trigonal | usually smoky brown, but also pink, red, green, blue, or rarely white. | stout prismatic, with a curved convex trigonal outline | uneven to conchoidal | 7+1⁄2 | vitreous | 3.02 | null | uniaxial (-) | no = 1.637, ne = 1.621 | null | strong: o dark brown or pink, e light brown or pale pink | null | null | fld[1] | ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) (same h-m symbol) | r3m | null | 945.8 g/mol | poor or absent on {0001}[2] | brittle | white to very light brown | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.ck.05 (10 ed) 8/e.19-80 (8 ed) | null | 61.3.1.2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | not fluorescent, not radioactive | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
wollastonite | inosilicate mineral | calcium metasilicate, casio3 | triclinic monoclinic polytype exists | white, colorless or gray | rare as tabular crystals—commonly massive in lamellar, radiating, compact and fibrous aggregates. | splintery to uneven | 4.5 to 5.0 | vitreous or dull to pearly on cleavage surfaces | 2.86–3.09 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.616–1.640 nβ = 1.628–1.650 nγ = 1.631–1.653 | δ = 0.015 max | null | null | null | wo[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 (1a polytype) | a = 7.925å, b = 7.32å, c = 7.065å; α = 90.055°, β = 95.217°, γ = 103.42°; z=6 | 116.159g/mol | perfect in two directions at near 90° | null | white | transparent to translucent | measured: 36° to 60° | null | 9.dg.05 | common | null | null | null | soluble in hcl, insoluble in water | null | null | null | heat of formation (@298): -89.61kj
gibbs free energy: 41.78kj | null | null | 1540 °c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
seashell | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
ballas | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
milarite | mineral | null | hexagonal | null | null | null | 6[2] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | mil[1] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
howlite | inoborates | ca2b5sio9(oh)5 | monoclinic | white, colorless | massive to nodular, occurs as tabular prisms flattened parallel to [100] | conchoidal, uneven | 3.5 | subvitreous, glimmering | 2.53 - 2.59 | null | biaxial (-), colorless (transmitted light) | nα = 1.583 - 1.586 nβ = 1.596 - 1.598 nγ = 1.600 | δ = 0.017 | null | null | null | how[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/c | a = 12.82å, b = 9.351(1)å c = 8.608(2)å; β = 104.84(2)°; z=4 | null | none | null | white | translucent | 73° | null | 6.cb.20 | null | 25.3.5.1 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
charlesite | sulfate mineral ettringite group | ca6(al,si)2(so4)2b(oh4)(o,oh)12*26h2 | trigonal | colorless, white, rarely pale yellow, rarely pink | prismatic, hexagonal dipyramidal crystals | irregular/uneven | 2.5 | vitreous on cleavage and fracture surfaces | null | null | uniaxial (-) | nώ = 1.492(3) n∈ = 1.475(3) | null | nearly colorless to pale golden yellow | there is weak violet or weak green short wave ultraviolet radiation | null | chrl[1] | ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) (same h-m symbol) | p31c | a = 11.16å, c = 21.21å; z=2 | null | perfect on {10bar10} | brittle | white | transparent | null | null | 7.dg.15 | none | 32.4.4.1 | 1.77g/cm3 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
diopside | inosilicate mineral | mgcasi2o6 | monoclinic | commonly light to dark green; may be blue, brown, colorless, white to snow white, grey, pale violet | short prismatic crystals common, may be granular, columnar, massive | irregular/uneven, conchoidal | 5.5 - 6.5 | vitreous to dull | 3.278 | null | biaxial (+) | nα= 1.663 - 1.699, nβ= 1.671 - 1.705, nγ= 1.693 - 1.728 | δ = 0.030 | null | null | null | di[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/c | a = 9.746å, b = 8.899å c = 5.251å; β = 105.79°; z=4 | null | distinct/good on {110} | brittle | white | null | measured: 58° to 63° | null | 9.da.15 | simple and multiple twins common on {100} and {001} | null | null | weak to distinct, r>v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | 1391 °c | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
amblygonite | phosphate minerals | (li,na)alpo4(f,oh) | triclinic | generally white or creamy, but can also be colorless or pale yellow, green, blue, beige, gray, brown or pink. | prismatic to columnar form | irregular/uneven, sub-conchoidal | 5.5 - 6[2] | vitreous to pearly[2] | 2.98 - 3.11 | greasy to vitreous (in gem material)[2] | double refractive, biaxial, may be either positive or negative[2] | na=1.577 - 1.591,nb=1.592 - 1.605,nc=1.596 - 1.613 | .020 - .027[2] | weak to none[2] | very weak green in long wave, light blue phosphorescence in long wave and short wave [2] | null | aby[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | c1 | null | null | [100] perfect, [110] good, [011] distinct | null | null | null | null | null | 8.bb.05 | microscopic polysynthetic twinning common | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
topaz | nesosilicate minerals | al2sio4(f,oh)2 | orthorhombic | colorless (if there are no impurities), white, blue, brown, orange, gray, yellow, yellowish brown, green, pink, reddish pink or even red | prismatic crystal | subconchoidal to uneven | 8 (defining mineral) | vitreous | 3.49–3.57 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.606–1.629nβ = 1.609–1.631nγ = 1.616–1.638 | δ = 0.010 | weak in thick sections x = yellow; y = yellow, violet, reddish; z = violet, bluish, yellow, pink | short uv=golden yellow; long uv=cream | null | tpz[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbnm | a = 4.65å, b = 8.8å, c = 8.4å; z=4 | null | [001] perfect | null | white | transparent | null | null | 9.af.35 | rarely on [111][2] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
spurrite | nesosilicate | ca5(sio4)2co3 | monoclinic | gray, gray white to lilac gray | massive to granular | uneven to splintery | 5 | vitreous to resinous | 3 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.640–1.641 nβ = 1.674–1.676 nγ = 1.679–1.681 | δ = 0.039–0.040 | null | null | null | spu[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/a | null | null | distinct on [100] | null | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.ah.15 | polysynthetic twins on [001] and [101] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | green cathodoluminescence | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
phosphosiderite | phosphate minerals | hydrated iron phosphate fepo4•2h2o | monoclinic | usually red to pink to purple, sometimes green, usually yellow veined | tabular {010} or stout prismatic [001] | uneven | 3.5–4 | vitreous | 2.74-2.76 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.692 nβ = 1.725 nγ = 1.738 | 0.046 | visible | null | null | phsd[1] | prismatic 2/m | p21/n (no. 14) | 454.76 å³ | 186.85 | {010} distinct, {001} indistinct | null | white | transparent, translucent | measured: 62°, calculated: 62° | null | null | common on {101}, typically as interpenetration | null | 2.74 - 2.76 measured, 2.76 calculated | very strong r > v | totally soluble in hydrochloric acid, nearly insoluble in nitric acid | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
melanite | garnet group | ca3fe2(sio4)3 | cubic | yellow, greenish yellow to emerald-green, dark green; brown, brownish red, brownish yellow; grayish black, black; may be sectored | commonly well-crystallized dodecahedra, trapezohedra, or combinations, also granular to massive | conchoidal to uneven | 6.5 to 7 | adamantine to resinous, dull | 3.859 calculated; 3.8–3.9 measured | null | isotropic, typically weakly anisotropic | n = 1.887 | null | null | null | demantoid – 440nm band or complete absorption at 440nm and below, may also have lines at 618, 634, 685, 690nm [2] | adr[1] | hexoctahedral (m3m) h-m symbol: (4/m 3 2/m) | ia3d | a = 12.056å; z=8 | null | none | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.ad.25 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | transparent light to dark green to yellow-green | opaque black | transparent to translucent yellow, may show chatoyancy | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
elbaite | cyclosilicate | na(li1.5al1.5)al6si6o18(bo3)3(oh)4 | trigonal | green, red to pink, blue, orange, yellow, colorless, multicolored | prismatic; striated | sub-conchoidal | 7+1⁄2 | vitreous | null | null | uniaxial (−); moderate relief | nω = 1.635–1.650, nε = 1.615–1.632 | δ = 0.020 | null | null | null | elb[1] | ditrigonal pyramidal (3m) h–m symbol: (3m) | r3m | null | null | poor/indistinct on {1120} and {1011} | null | white | transparent to opaque | null | null | 9.ck.05 | null | null | 2.9–3.2 | null | null | null | null | null | piezoelectric and pyroelectric | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | colorless | blue | red to pink | green | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
fordite | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
turquoise | phosphate minerals | cual6(po4)4(oh)8·4h2o | triclinic | null | massive, nodular | conchoidal | 5–6 | waxy to subvitreous | 2.6–2.9 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.610nβ = 1.615nγ = 1.650 | +0.040 | weak | null | null | tqu[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h–m symbol) | null | null | null | perfect on {001}, good on {010}, but cleavage rarely seen | null | bluish white | opaque | null | fusible in heated hcl | 8.dd.15 | null | null | null | null | soluble in hcl | null | null | null | null | turquoise, blue, blue-green, green | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
descloizite | vanadate mineral | (pb,zn)2vo4oh | orthorhombic | brownish red, red-orange, reddish to blackish brown, nearly black | zoned tabular crystals common, encrustations and plumose aggregates | irregular, sub-conchoidal | 3 - 3.5 | greasy | 6.1 - 6.2 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 2.185 nβ = 2.265 nγ = 2.350 | δ = 0.165 | visible | null | null | dcz[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pnma (no. 62) | a = 7.593, b = 6.057 c = 9.416[å]; z=4 | null | none | brittle | orange to brownish red | transparent to opaque | 85° to 90° | null | 8.bh.40 | null | null | null | strong r > v rarely r < v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
narsarsukite | silicate mineral | na4(ti,fe)4[si8o20](o,oh,f)4[1] | tetragonal | honey to lemon-yellow, reddish brown, brownish gray, tan, pink; may be green from inclusions; may show color zoning | occurs as flat tabular to equant, striated crystals in divergent, radiating groups; massive | uneven to subconchoidal | 5.5 - 7 | vitreous, pearly on {110} | 2.64-2.83 | null | uniaxial (+) | nω = 1.609 nε = 1.630 | δ = 0.021 | weak; o = colorless to yellow; e = colorless to honey-yellow | null | null | nar[2] | dipyramidal (4/m) h-m symbol: (4/m) | i4/m | a = 10.72, c = 7.95[å]; z=4 | null | good on {100} and {110} | brittle | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.dj.05 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
lawsonite | sorosilicate | caal2si2o7(oh)2·h2o | orthorhombic | colorless, white, pale blue to grayish blue | commonly prismatic, tabular; also granular, massive | null | 7.5 | vitreous, greasy | 3.05–3.12 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.665 nβ = 1.672–1.676 nγ = 1.684–1.686 | δ = 0.019–0.021 | weak; x = blue, pale brownish yellow; y = deep bluish green, yellowish green; z = colorless, yellowish | null | null | lws[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | cmcm | a = 5.847, b = 8.79, c = 13.128[å]; z=4 | null | perfect on {100} and {010}, imperfect on {101} | brittle | white | translucent | measured: 84°–85° | null | 9.be.05 | common on {101} lamellar | null | null | strong, r > v | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
tiger's eye | mineral | silica (silicon dioxide, sio2) | null | null | null | null | 6.5-7 | silky | 2.64–2.71 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | golden to red-brown | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
spodumene | inosilicate | lithium aluminium silicate, lial(sio3)2 | monoclinic | highly variable: white, colorless, gray, pink, lilac, violet, yellow and green, may be bicolored; emerald green - hiddenite; lilac - kunzite; yellow - triphane | prismatic, generally flattened and elongated, striated parallel to {100}, commonly massive | uneven to subconchoidal | 6.5–7 | vitreous, pearly on cleavage | 3.03–3.23 | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.648–1.661 nβ = 1.655–1.670 nγ = 1.662–1.679 | δ = 0.014–0.018 | strong in kunzite: α-purple, γ-colorless; hiddenite: α-green, γ-colorless | null | null | spd[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/c | a = 9.46å, b = 8.39å c = 5.22å β = 110.17°; z=4 | null | perfect prismatic, two directions {110} ∧ {110} at 87° | brittle | white | null | 54° to 69° | 3.5 | null | common on {100} | null | null | null | insoluble | null | null | null | tenebrescence, chatoyancy | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
shattuckite | inosilicate | cu5(sio3)4(oh)2 | orthorhombic | dark and light blue, turquoise | commonly spherulitic aggregates of acicular crystals | uneven | 3.5 | dull to silky | 4.1 (rather heavy for a non-metallic mineral) | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.753, nβ = 1.782, nγ = 1.815 | null | x = very pale blue; y = pale blue; z = deep blue | null | null | sha[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pcab | null | null | perfect along [010] and [100] | null | blue | translucent to opaque | null | null | 9.db.40 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
poudretteite | cyclosilicate | kna2b3si12o30 | hexagonal | colorless, light pink | roughly equant barrel-shaped prismatic crystals | conchoidal, splintery | 5 | vitreous (glassy) | 2.51 | null | uniaxial (+) | 1.511 to 1.532 | 0.021 | colorless to pink | null | null | pou[1] | dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/mmm) h-m symbol: (6/m 2/m 2/m) | p6/mcc | 1,221.72 å³ | null | none | brittle | white | transparent | null | null | 9.cm.05 | null | 63.02.01a.08 | 2.51 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cornwallite | arsenate mineral | cu5(aso4)2(oh)4 | monoclinic | verdigis green, blackish-green, emerald-green | microcrystalline radial fibrous, botryoidal to globular crusts | conchoidal | 4.5 | sub-vitreous, resinous, waxy | 4.17 | null | biaxial (+/-) | nα = 1.810 - 1.820 nβ = 1.815 - 1.860 nγ = 1.850 - 1.880 | δ = 0.040 - 0.060 | null | null | null | cnw[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | p21/c | a = 17.33å, b = 5.82å, c = 4.60å; β = 92.22°; z=2 | null | distinct in one direction | brittle | apple green | translucent to opaque | measured: 30° to 50° | null | 8.bd.05 | null | 41.4.2.2 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
palygorskite | phyllosilicate | (mg,al)2si4o10(oh)·4(h2o) | monoclinic | white, grayish, yellowish, gray-green | lath shaped crystals, fibrous and compact masses | null | 2 - 2.5 | waxy, earthy | 1 - 2.6 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.522 - 1.528 nβ = 1.530 - 1.546 nγ = 1.533 - 1.548 | δ = 0.011 - 0.020 | x= pale yellow y=z= pale yellow-green | null | null | plg[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/m | a = 12.78å, b = 17.86å, c = 5.24å; β = 95.78°; z=4 | null | distinct/good, good on {110} | tough | null | translucent | null | null | 9.ee.20 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
agate | chalcedony variety | sio2 silicon dioxide | trigonal or monoclinic | banded | cryptocrystalline silica | conchoidal with very sharp edges | 6.5–7 | waxy | 2.58–2.64 | null | null | 1.530–1.540 | up to +0.004 (b-g) | absent | null | null | aga[1] | null | null | null | null | none | null | white | translucent | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
cerussite | carbonate mineral | lead carbonate: pbco3 | orthorhombic | colorless, white, gray, blue, or green | massive granular, reticulate, tabular to equant crystals | brittle conchoidal | 3 to 3.5 | adamantine, vitreous, resinous | 6.53–6.57 | null | biaxial (-) | nα = 1.803, nβ = 2.074, nγ = 2.076 | δ = 0.273 | null | null | null | cer[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pnma [62] | null | null | good [110] and [021] | null | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 5.ab.15 | simple or cyclic contact twins | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | may fluoresce yellow under lw uv | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
chromite | oxide minerals spinel group spinel structural group | (fe, mg)cr2o4 | isometric | black to brownish black; brown to brownish black on thin edges in transmitted light | octahedral rare; massive to granular | uneven | 5.5 | resinous, greasy, metallic, sub-metallic, dull | 4.5–4.8 | null | isotropic | n = 2.08–2.16 | null | null | null | null | chr[1] | hexoctahedral (m3m) h-m symbol: (4/m 3 2/m) | fd3m (no. 227) | a = 8.344å; z=8 | null | none, parting may develop along {iii} | brittle | brown | translucent to opaque | null | null | 4.bb.05 | spinel law on {ill} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | weakly magnetic | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
tantalite | oxide minerals | (fe,mn)ta2o6 | orthorhombic | dark black, iron-black to dark brown, reddish brown | null | subconchoidal | 6-6.5 | submetallic to almost resinous | 8.0+ | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | ttl[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | pbcn (no. 60) | null | null | good in one direction | null | brownish-red to black | null | null | null | 4.db.35 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
lepidolite | phyllosilicate | k(li,al)3(al,si,rb)4o10(f,oh)2 | monoclinic | pink, light purple, purple, rose-red, violet-gray, yellowish, white, colorless other colors possible but are rare. | tabular to prismatic pseudohexagonal crystals, scaly aggregates and massive | uneven | 2.5–3 | vitreous to pearly | 2.8–2.9 | null | biaxial (-) | nα=1.525–1.548, nβ=1.551–1.58, nγ=1.554–1.586 | 0.0290–0.0380 | x = almost colorless; y = z = pink, pale violet | null | null | lpd[1] | prismatic (2/m) (same h-m symbol) | c2/m, cm | a = 5.209(2)å, b = 9.011(5)å, c = 10.149(5)å; β = 100:77(4)°; z=2 | null | {001} perfect | null | white | transparent to translucent | 0° - 58° measured | null | 9.ec.20 | rare, composition plane {001} | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
thomsonite | tectosilicate | naca2al5si5o20·6h2o | orthorhombic | colorless, white, beige, and pink | null | null | 5-5+1⁄2 | vitreous, pearly | 2.23 - 2.29 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | thm[1] | dipyramidal (mmm) h-m symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) | null | null | null | perfect on {010}; good on {100} | null | white | transparent to translucent | null | null | 9.ga.10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
apatite | phosphate mineral | ca5(po4)3(f,cl,oh) | hexagonal | transparent to translucent, usually green, less often colorless, yellow, blue to violet, pink, brown.[3] | tabular, prismatic crystals, massive, compact or granular | conchoidal to uneven[3] | 5[3] (defining mineral) | vitreous[3] to subresinous | 3.16–3.22[2] | vitreous[3] | double refractive, uniaxial negative[3] | 1.634–1.638 (+0.012, −0.006)[3] | 0.002–0.008[3] | blue stones – strong, blue and yellow to colorless. other colors are weak to very weak.[3] | yellow stones – purplish-pink, which is stronger in long wave; blue stones– blue to light-blue in both long and short wave; green stones– greenish-yellow, which is stronger in long wave; violet stones– greenish-yellow in long wave, light-purple in short wave.[3] | null | ap[1] | dipyramidal (6/m) (same h-m symbol)[2] | p63/m (no. 176) | null | null | [0001] indistinct, [1010] indistinct[2] | null | white | transparent to translucent[2] | null | null | 8.bn.05 | null | null | null | 0.013[3] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
stibiotantalite | oxide minerals | sb(ta,nb)o4 | orthorhombic | null | null | brittle-conchoidal | 5.5 | null | null | null | null | 1.55 - 1.69 | biaxial (+), a=2.3742, b=2.4039 | null | null | null | sttl[1] | null | mm2 | a = 4.9, b = 11.79, c = 5.57å, z = 4; v = 321.78 | 336.70 | null | null | light yellow | transparent to translucent | 75.083 | null | 04.de.30 | null | 08.01.06.02 | 6 to 7.57 | strong | null | null | null | null | null | yellow to dark brown, reddish | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
gaspeite | carbonate mineral, anhydrous subgroup | (ni,fe,mg)co3 | trigonal | pale green, light grass or apple green | rhombic crystal aggregates, nodular concretions (botryoidal), massive | uneven | 4.5 - 5 | vitreous to dull | 3.71 | null | uniaxial (-) | nω = 1.830 nε = 1.610 | δ = 0.220 | null | null | null | gpé[1] | hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) h-m symbol: (3 2/m) | r3c | null | null | {1011} good | null | yellow green | translucnt | null | null | 5.ab.05 | null | 14.01.01.08 calcite group | null | null | hcl soluble | null | null | null | weakly magnetic | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
lizardite | mineral | mg3(si2o5)(oh)4[1] | trigonal | green, brown, light yellow to white | null | null | 2.5 | resinous, waxy, greasy | 2.55 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | lz[2] | null | null | null | null | null | null | white | null | null | null | 9.ed.15 | null | 71.01.2b.02 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
sérandite | inosilicates | na(mn2+,ca)2si3o8(oh) | triclinic | null | null | irregular, uneven | 5 to 5.5 | vitreous to greasy; fibrous aggregates are dull to silky[2] | null | null | biaxial (+) | nα = 1.668nβ = 1.671nγ = 1.703 | δ = 0.035 | null | null | null | srd[1] | pinacoidal (1) (same h-m symbol) | p1 | a = 7.683(1)å, b = 6.889(1)å c = 6.747(1)å, α = 90.53(5)° β = 94.12(2)°, γ = 102.75(2)° z=2 | null | perfect on {001} and {100} | brittle | white | transparent, translucent | 39° | null | 9.dg.05 | around [010] composition plane {100}, less commonly contact twin on {110} | 65.2.1.5 | 3.34 g/cm3 (measured) | r < v moderate | null | null | null | null | null | salmon pink to orange | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |