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At the logical layer , we are seeing a concerted effort , again headed primarily by Hollywood and the recording industry , to shape the software and standards to make sure that digitally encoded cultural products can continue to be sold as packaged goods . Red Hat will assess the current and future computing needs of each school and then install the appropriate open source software and programs . Widespread cooperative networks of volunteers write the software and standards that run most of the Internet and enable what we do with it . Once decisions about topology , layout , hardware , and interconnect technologies have been made ( based primarily on the needs of the software and models you intend to run ) , a considerable amount of work must still be done to forge a working cluster . The industry needs software and standards to make writing parallel applications easier . In a $ 7 billion , long-term deal to maintain the Joint STARS radar aircraft , Northrop Grumman pays Warner Robins about $ 58 million annually for software and avionics repair work . About netGuru , Inc. netGuru is an engineering information technology and services company offering engineering and design collaboration software and solutions , and professional and technical services and support to businesses worldwide . If this is the type of system you use , then a format is an easy process as the master CD will format the hard drive , reinstall your Windows operating system , and install any software and programs which came with the system . We see this battle played out at all layers of the information environment : the physical devices and network channels necessary to communicate ; the existing information and cultural resources out of which new statements must be made ; and the logical resources - - the software and standards - - necessary to translate what human beings want to say to each other into signals that machines can process and transmit . assist with data retrieval , and the uploading / downloading of software and programs , and be responsible for system back ups and general maintenance ' in addition to teaching information literacy ( Lonsdale 2003:11 -12 ) . The Company licenses its engineering software and solutions to more than 20,000 businesses in 85 countries . Covansys , formerly Complete Business Solutions Inc ., provides software and solutions for retirement , health and human services , justice , transportation and an array of emerging markets , including Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance and unemployment insurance , Malhotra said .