[□=□] □
[lemma=□] □
EFA is also opposed to a system of take-down notices that allows copyright holders to exert such wide powers over internet content , forcing content offline without any actual evidence of infringement . The subpoena was issued through a provision of the 1998 DMCA that allows copyright holders to issue subpoenas that have not been reviewed by a judge and requires no notice to , or opportunity to be heard by , the alleged infringer . " The subpoena power in question is issued through a provision of the 1998 DMCA that allows copyright holders to issue subpoenas that have not been reviewed by a judge and requires no notice to , or opportunity to be heard by , the alleged infringer . All of the names for the lawsuits were obtained through more than 1,600 Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DMCA ) subpoenas , which allow copyright holders to issue subpoenas to Internet service providers ( ISPs ) demanding the name , address and telephone numbers of ISP subscribers suspected of illegally downloading copyrighted material . The 1998 DMCA allows copyright holders to issue subpoenas to ISPs demanding the name , address and telephone numbers of ISP subscribers suspected of illegally downloading copyrighted material .