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Once the tree has rough and flaky mature bark , neither winter sun nor chewing animals can harm it , so tree guards will not be necessary . A simple Mogi ( point-source ) model for volcanic deformation , showing displacement rate vs. horizontal distance from the center of deformation . The topics described in this chapter span an enormous variety and are too numerous to discuss in any detail here . Neither the synoptic view nor controlled geometry of a space platform are attainable by airborne or ground techniques , while problems of air space restrictions disappear with a space platform . Plants will tolerate partial shade , but as shade increases , plants produce fewer blossoms and fruit production declines . This can create " mini-epidemics " in the home landscape , and leave the homeowner frustrated.Fig . A soil pH of 5.5 to 7 ( moderately acidic to neutral ) is optimal , but growth is fine in alkaline soils as well . In addition , some of the most dangerous volcanoes are those with very long repose intervals that can lull inhabitants and volcanologists alike into a false sense of security . We focus on two processes where high-resolution topographic data and SAR imagery have an important role to play , namely coastal erosion and the biological and geological processes taking place in tidal and estuarine areas . ( Note that the conservative performance estimates in Table 8.2 have not assumed this synergism nor any resulting reduction in systematic error due to platform orientation . On time scales of years to decades , meter-level or greater changes in topography may occur , but these are not the primary " observable " for many of the studies described here . Together , elevation , slope , and aspect ( north vs. south facing ) exert enormous control on surface hydrology and ecosystems . They often have a crusty or corky appearance , and can occur in irregular patches , or streaks , as well as distinct spots . On the other hand , local changes may be large and observable by simple differencing of " before " and " after " DEMs . This material is not intended to be all-inclusive , but draws examples from a number of ecosystems as recently reported in the literature . In established rose plantings , all dead and dying canes should be pruned out and destroyed . The adults are about the same size as the false Japanese beetles but are more iridescent with a metallic green head and thorax and shiny coppery brown wings . However , this should only be considered a " snap-shot " of a rapidly evolving field , as new results are reported on a continuing basis . 2.3 and 2.4 ) or bad topographic data ( Fig. 2.2 ) , all of which may yield quasiregular areas of " pseudo-deformation " crudely analogous to expected volcanic deformation patterns .