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In a fuel cell , it can produce power with zero emissions while delivering fuel economy that is 100 % better than conventional gasoline powered vehicles and 50 % better than today ’ s hybrids . Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee : Besides providing separators for lithium-based batteries for vehicles , sol gel separators could be used for other lithium-based battery applications such as cell phones , as separator membranes for fuel cells , as optical waveguides for telecommunications , as ultrafiltration membranes for purifying water , as dye-sensitized sol gel coatings for solar splitting of water or methanol to produce hydrogen fuel , and as photoquality ink jet printing materials . The items covered are certain fuel cells , electric heat pump water heaters , natural gas water heaters , electric heat pumps , natural gas heat pumps , and advanced central air conditioners . As part of this four-year competition , students will be encouraged to pursue the gamut of new auto technologies , including hydrogen fuel cells , electric-combustion hybrid engines , lightweight materials and alternative fuels . When coupled with a hydrogen fuel cell , the new device - - small enough to hold in your hand - - could generate one kilowatt of power , almost enough to supply an average home . In a fuel cell , hydrogen and oxygen are fed to the anode and cathode , respectively , of each cell . 3 Another technology that generates electric power , the fuel cell , has experienced steady technical advances over the last four or five decades . In terms of fuel cells , if , several years from now , there is increasing political pressure to reduce greenhouse gases and the price of delivering emission-free fuel cells is still substantially more than current emission-emitting technologies , how much will the body politic be willing to subsidize fuel cells , or other emission-reducing technologies , in order to reduce emissions ? More advanced designs , such as carbonate fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells , are the focus of major electric utility efforts to bring the technology to the market . University of Wisconsin-Madison students won the Hydrogen Vehicle Category by converting a one-seat electric vehicle into a battery-powered car that can accept energy from a hydrogen fuel cell , solar panel or wind turbine . Some renewable energy sources and technologies include solar energy , wind power , hydrogen fuel cells , and “ biofuels .