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The high-level protocols provided to applications are really stacks of tiny protocol `` layers . NetWare Link Services ProtocolThe link state protocol used by IPX routers and servers to share information about their routes with other devices on the network . An innovative feature , and a useful technical device , involves the introduction of a " helper " node - - e.g ., a centralized or trusted server in a key establishment protocol - - which , when appropriate , can serve to facilitate secret key generation by the nodes by furnishing them additional correlated information or computational resources . We plan to take advantage of known and emerging cryptographic techniques and protocols for communications authentication [ 15 ] , integrity , and confidentiality [ 10,11 ] as appropriate . The infrastructure deployed by wireless operators to deliver mobile Internet services represents a unique environment , with networking equipment , protocols , signaling services and computing platforms that differ from corporate Internet deployments . The emphasis is on ensuring that data sets are available to users in standard formats and through agreed communications protocols where applicable , not necessarily that the internal details of individual agency data handling and data archiving systems be common . We develop our own protocols for defining reference genes in RT-PCR experiments ; for using gene ontology for unbiased interpretation of microarray results - - in fact , nearly all publicly available tools are biased in favor of gene sets with co-regulated genes ) ; and for developing statistical models to control for the multiple biological and technical signals that are always blended in real biological samples , often with unknown ratios .