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The optimum radar parameters based on the demonstrated algorithms would be a polarimetric L - band radar system with a resolution on the order of 100 m. There is evidence that suggests that inferring soil moisture in vegetated areas would require some higher frequency SAR data , either C-band or X-band . Particular attention will be paid to Spain ’ s Moorish heritage ; the Christian Reconquest ; the rise and decline of the global Spanish Empire ; the impact of the Enlightenment and the War of Independence ; the ascendancy of Liberalism ; the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship of General Franco . All in all , you should expect to spend about three hours a week of private study time working on your German language ( writing the texts plus grammar and vocabulary work ) . First , based on current estimates of the present-day rates of increases in atmospheric carbon concentrations balanced against oceanic carbon uptake , Tans et al ., ( 1990 ) concluded that a Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink on the order of 2.0 to 3.4 Gt C yr-1 is required to balance the global carbon budget . The spillage of a Winchester of hazardous substance in a laboratory creates a large risk but the same spillage in a main corridor or outside an occupied lecture room creates a risk of a significantly higher magnitude . Likewise , the existing inventory of topographic data has been produced from a variety of data sets with a potpourri of horizontal and vertical datums , accuracies , formats , map projections , and resolutions , making it nearly impossible to produce a uniform data set or to assess the accuracy of the resulting derived product . While some components ( e.g ., the polar ice sheets ) respond very slowly to climate change , with response times of hundreds to thousands of years , other components ( e.g ., mountain glaciers ) respond rapidly , on the order of seasons to decades . In addition , students should expect to spend at least another five hours a week of private study to work on the dossiers ( or to draft a translation or write an essay / summary ) in order to present or argue a case ( or compare and discuss translations ) . It therefore appears that based on the range of projected applications and the available ancillary data bases that a spatial resolution on the order of 100 m to 200 m may be advantageous for processing and interpretation . Assuming that the effects of vegetation could be accounted for in the case of active microwave sensors , and given the fact that the best resolution than could be expected from a spaceborne low frequency radiometer is on the order of tens of kilometers , it is clear that SAR can play an important role in providing remotely sensed surface soil moisture maps .