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In the treatises on the constitutional law of France produced by writers entitled to high respect will be found the advocacy of a new form of decentralisation termed decentralisation par service ,61 which seems to mean the giving to different departments of civil servants a certain kind of independence , e.g . In the eyes , at any rate , of thinkers who share the moral convictions prevalent in most civilised states , it must seem a gain that the Imperial Parliament should have been able in 1834 to prohibit the existence of slavery in any country subject to the British Crown , and should be able to-day to forbid throughout the whole Empire the revival of the Slave Trade , or of judicial torture . Mr. Gardiner 's History of England has suggested to me the conclusion on which , confirmed as I found it to be by all the information I could collect about French administrative law , stress is frequently laid in the course of the following pages , that the views of the prerogative maintained by Crown lawyers under the Tudors and the Stuarts bear a marked resemblance to the legal and administrative ideas which at the present day under the Third Republic still support the droit administratif of France . Thus the Crown , or in other words a British ministry , will now not veto or disallow any Bill passed by the legislature of a Dominion on the ground that such Bill is indirectly opposed to the interests of the United Kingdom , or contradicts legal principles generally upheld in England , e.g . What is the precise moral influence which might be exerted by a wise constitutional monarch ; what are the circumstances under which a Minister is entitled to dissolve Parliament ; whether the simultaneous creation of a large number of Peers for a special purpose is constitutionally justifiable ; what is the principle on which a Cabinet may allow of open questions these and the like are the kind of inquiries raised and solved by writers whom , as being occupied with the conventional understandings of the constitution , we may term conventionalists . Third Objection Proportional representation , just because it aims at the representation of opinions rather than of persons , tends to promote the existence in the House of Commons of numerous party groups and also fosters the admitted evil of log-rolling . Nothing can be more pedantic , nothing more artificial , nothing more unhistorical , than the reasoning by which Coke induced or compelled James to forego the attempt to withdraw cases from the Courts for his Majesty 's personal determination.9 But no achievement of sound argument , or stroke of enlightened statesmanship , ever established a rule more essential to the very existence of the constitution than the principle enforced by the obstinacy and the fallacies of the great Chief-Justice . In 1868 a Conservative Ministry in office suffered an undoubted defeat at a general election . In England , which is after all by far the most important part of the kingdom , the idea of federalism has hitherto been totally unknown .