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Traditionally reactivity ( referring to rate of reaction ) and basicity ( referring to equilibria ) are defined for reaction of nucleophiles with protons ( e.g . Atoms have equal numbers of electrons ( negative charge ) and protons ( positive charge ) . Water ( H2O ) is a solution that contains an equivalent number of proton-acceptor ions ( OH ) and protons ( H + ) . Atoms consist of atomic particles called neutrons ( neutral particles ) , protons ( positively charged particles ) , and electrons ( relatively small in mass , negatively charged particles ) . It can be established from the reconstruction of the muons tracks whether the quark with which a muon collided represents a proportionally large or a small amount of mass and impulse of the proton ( or neutron ) . Current projects involve lead ( Pb-207 ) nmr , deuterium ( H-2 ) nmr and proton ( H-1 ) nmr in a variety of ionic and covalent solids . Kuala Lumpur hawked its stake in Hicom Holdings , which controls the country 's premier carmaker , Proton ( No. 812 ) . If there is a relatively low concentration of protons ( and therefore a relatively high concentration of proton-acceptor molecules ) , the pH number is above 7 and the solution is called a base .