[lemma=by] [□]?
[lemma=by] [□=□]?
[lemma=by] [□ & □]?
The studies of the first era , by Karl Von Frisch ( 1915 ) and Hertz ( 1929 ) , were carried out by cutting two or more patterns out of black paper , placing them flat on a horizontal table , and training a group of bees to collect a reward of sugar water at one of the patterns . Successful candidates will have , by Fall 2007 , a Ph.D. in mathematics , applied mathematics , statistics , or other mathematical science . Furthermore , the initial rapid OKN response to visual motion onset is thought to be controlled by the pursuit system ( e.g ., Cohen et al ., 1977 ; Robinson , 1981 ) , although this notion remains controversial ( for a discussion , see Fuchs and Mustari , 1993 ) . This cryptic language translates to the following : Gregori Charczuk was excluded ( i.e ., barred from entry ) by U.S. officers at Halifax . The third main category of records , Foreign Service Post Files , are all of the records originally filed at American embassies nd legations ( arranged by country ) and consulates ( arranged by city ) .