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As relevant here , applicable credits are " reduction [ s ] of expenditure-type transactions that offset or reduce expense items allocable to Federal awards . Applicable credits is defined in the Circular as " those receipts , or reduction of expenditures which operate to offset or reduce expense items that are allocable to awards as direct or indirect costs . Any position in one market may be used to offset or complement their position in another . Estimate their effectiveness for child passengers , small adult drivers , and in offset or oblique frontal crashes .