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Agree , you must pay your non-exempt employees in accordance with the law , i.e ., with $ for every hour they work , and 1.5 x regular $ rates for every hour they work over 40 in a given week . For instance , chop ( $ inputLine = <INPUT_FILE> ) ;. This statement reads a line from the input file , assigns its value to $ inputLine and then removes that last character from $ inputLine - which is almost guaranteed to be a newline character . This yields to an notion of rigidity [ roughly , dense all over ] that has intriguing properties and leads to the Zero-One Law [ plus some open problems ] on $ G \ sim G ( n , p ) $ , $ p = n ^ { - \ alpha } $ , $ \ alpha $ irrational . You already know this means Perl assigns the value on the right of the assignment operator to $ areaOfFirstCircle . Associative array elements are accessed a little differently , curly braces are used instead of parentheses ( for example , $ associativeArray { " Jack B. " } ) .