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The importance of body temperature as a sign of disease or health was established in 1868 and has since become as a routine part of physical examinations . The E-Rate program helps bridge the gap between wealthy and poor in urban and rural communities , by providing the deepest discounts to those with the greatest need . The main issues are whether public libraries violate the First Amendment freedom of speech rights of library users or web publishers , by installing blocking software on computer terminals in the libraries . Michael E. Johns , M.D ., dean of the medical faculty and vice president for medicine at The Johns Hopkins University , said , " The naming of Jean Kan as director of the division of pediatric cardiology reflects our belief in her nationally respected talents as a clinician .