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Because the patent originals are supplied out of sequence , they must be produced out of sequence necessitating a very extensive patent filing system . The patented algorithm is now being applied to dozens of applications . Each record in the database contains the patent number or trademark registration number and date of issue ; patent title or trademark name ; name ( s ) of inventors , owners , and assignees ; and classification title and class number . Still , the lower courts said that Schmeiser " knew or should have known " that he planted the patented seed . At the NIH , we transfer technology through publications of research results , exchange of data , sharing materials , public-private partnerships , as well as the patenting and licensing of technologies . Prior to Bayh-Dole , the Federal Government held the patent rights to new technologies that were developed using Federal funds . That result strikes at " the very purpose of the patent laws " by preventing inventions claimed in expired patents from becoming " available as the building blocks of further innovation . Sources close to AOL , however , said that the media conglomerate is likely to seek some form of licensing revenue from its rivals instead of filing lawsuits outright - - but , the sources added , AOL is still considering its strategy with regard to the patents . While patents are important for protecting the original work of researchers , the patenting process makes them protective of their information . Software patents are counter productive because in many cases it is the small development houses , who cannot afford the patenting costs , that are willing to take risks for innovative ideas . The patenting of medicines has become more prevalent after the establishment of the Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS ) Agreement in the World Trade Organisation in 1995 . An application for a patent delivered on digital media must be accompanied by a paper document identifying : that the digital media contains an application for a patentthe person applying for a patent or contain information sufficient to enable that person to be contacted by the Office ; a list of the Patents Forms and documents making up the application ( or which can be delivered at the same time as the application ( as listed in paragraph 18 or 19 ) ) which are stored on the digital media.Acknowledgment and time of delivery26 . Earlier this year , the Government of India promulgated a temporary ordinance to meet its obligations , and then last month , it enacted permanent legislation entitled the Patents ( Amendment ) Act 1999 . " At the end of its life , the patent becomes less valuable . It is asserted by agrochemical-pharmaceutical conglomerates , that IPR are essential for research and development and those countries who have contested the patenting of plant material taken from their territories have been subjected to economic sanctions . The owner of a patent concerning an improvement on an invention already patented on behalf of another person may not work his invention without the consent of the owner of the earlier patent ; the latter owner may not work the patented improvement without the consent of the owner of the patent of improvement . The doctrine of equivalents provides that a product or process that does not literally infringe upon the express terms of a patent claim may nevertheless be found to infringe if there is an equivalence between the elements of the accused product or process and the claimed elements of the patented invention . ) It is a demonstrative truth , therefore , that the patents of one set of men could not be increased in value without diminishing the value of the patents of some other set of men .