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[ Education philosophers ] have argued that there must be a sequence to learning , that perseverance and a certain measure of perspiration and indispensable , that individual pleasures must frequently be submerged to the interests of group cohesion , and that learning to be critical and to think conceptually and rigorously do not come ewasily to the young but are hard-fought victories . Indeed , Graf and Vidal ( 1996 ) have argued that there is no relationship between the shape of the semicircular canals and locomotion , although Spoor et al. ( 1996 ) dispute this . In addition to economic concerns , â € œ traditional â €  academics ( i.e ., arts and sciences colleagues ) have argued that many professors of medicine are not entitled to tenure because they do not perform the same kind of work that they do , given that clinical responsibilities form a large part of what many academic physicians do .