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In central India 's Chhattisgarh state , clashes between Maoist insurgents , Indian security forces and anti-Maoist militias , also known as Salwa Judum , has been occurring for more than 25 years , resulting in the displacement , sometimes reportedly forced , of more than 50,000 civilians . In Kashmir , Indian security forces used draconian counterinsurgency measures , including arbitrary arrest , torture , and staged " encounter killings " , against Muslim citizens who were suspected of supporting guerrilla activity , while armed Islamists were believed responsible for mass killings of Hindu civilians . Nor have the Indian security forces been able to crush the insurgents militarily . Indications are that the Hizbul has not increased its militant activities as promised when it ended the ceasefire , and Indian security forces are careful to not antagonize Hizbul cadres . In Kashmir , the incursion into Indian-held Kashmir by Pakistani-backed militants in May and the resultant fighting between India and Pakistan diverted attention from a pattern of systematic abuse in Kashmir by Indian security forces and former militants working with them called " renegades , " but those abuses continued .