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Dense mode operation was based on a flood and prune approach , whereas sparse mode waits for requests for multicast traffic before forwarding traffic to sites ' multicast routers . Routing tables are maintained as a background process to the forwarding task . However , it is not easy to determine the correct time to start forwarding traffic from the MAP to the mobile node 's new location , which has an impact on how smooth the handoff will be . Mirage provides these additional services and imposes an overhead of only 7 % beyond that of a simple IP forwarding router . The Company will bear the cost of the solicitation of the proxy cards , including postage , printing and handling , and will reimburse the reasonable expenses of brokerage firms and others for forwarding material to beneficial owners of shares . This approach has the advantage that it provides load feedback to all upstream SIP entities that are currently forwarding traffic to a SIP server with very little overhead . The Cisco Express Forwarding architecture places only the routing prefixes in its Cisco Express Forwarding tables-the only information it requires to make the Layer 3 forwarding decisions-relying on the routing protocols to do route selection .