[!lemma=progress] [□]
[!lemma=progress] [□ | □]
[!lemma=progress] [□=□]
The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation , agreed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 , includes commitments to diversify energy supply and to increase substantially the global share of renewable energy sources ; to improve access to reliable , affordable , economically viable , socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services and resources ; and to establish domestic programmes for energy efficiency , among other things . The collapse in society , polity and infrastructure in the Fortress World scenario underlies very sluggish growth in per capita income , which grows just barely over the rate of population growth over the scenario period . Rather than focusing on health-damaging pollution , improved stove and fuel subsidy programmes in the past have been mainly directed toward reducing pressures on forests , improving the efficiency of crop residue utilization , alleviating fuel poverty in urban slums , and reducing the need for gathering fuel . " " Amplification of the Earth ’ s natural greenhouse effect by the build-up of various gases introduced by human activity has the potential to produce dramatic changes in climate . More efficient household appliances can reduce emissions , but they are usually more expensive and the majority of consumers buy the cheaper , but less efficient ones . There are incidences of this in Africa , including promotion of the energy sector and urban development , with a risk of overexploitation of forest resources ; promotion of the agriculture , mining and infrastructure sectors , leading to woodland and forest clearance ; and promotion of industrial and manufacturing sectors , which generate wastes and pollutants that undermine environmental quality .