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A recent study on the effects of global warming on rice yields in the Philippines found that yields declined by ten per cent for each 1 ° C increase in mean daily minimum ( night-time ) temperature in the growing season ( Peng and others 2004 ) . Farms create conditions for the spread of disease and parasites and , through the escape of farmed fish , introduce invasive species . " The Piedmontese government was unwilling to allow so potent a symbol of revolution to return home , and Garibaldi remained in exile , in Tangier , Staten Island , and Peru until 1854 when Cavour , the Piedmontese prime minister , allowed his return with the purposes of separating him from Mazzini and the republican faction and of using his prestige and talents to further unification of Italy under the auspices of the Piedmontese monarchy . Evidence of accelerating climate change in both Polar Regions , including notable shrinking of Arctic sea ice , continued to accumulate while current and planned expansion of commercial exploitation in both regions raised concerns for sustainability . The Campanella Collection contains a number of examples , among them W. B. Brooke 's Out with Garibaldi ( cover title Campaigns and Exploits of Garibaldi ) , a Ward & Lock yellowback of 1861 , published in the wake of the Sicilian expedition . From 1861 to 1863 , following the death of Cavour , he served as prime minister of united Italy . Environmental sustainability was further integrated into overall economic planning in the region . Fortress World scenario : as socioeconomic and environmental stresses mount , the world descends toward fragmentation , extreme inequality and widespread conflict ; and Great Transitions scenario : a new development paradigm emerges in response to the challenge of sustainability , distinguished by pluralism , planetary solidarity , and new values and institutions . This situation has to change if sustainability is to be achieved .