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In the particular case of a cold plasma with immobile ions the solutions we find are the same as the results well known from hydrodynamical considerations . The transport of ions mediated by specific membrane proteins underlies control of cell volume , epithelial transport , and the maintenance of transmembrane ion gradients which underlie electrical activity in nerve and muscle cells . However , the strengthand nature ofthese interactionsare poorly characterized and not thouroughlyunderstood.It has recently beendemonstrated that biomolecules with over100 water moleculesattached canbe readily formed by the electrospray process.For small peptidesand proteins , these gas-phase ions are sufficiently hydratedthat they shouldhave solution-phasestructures . In crystals 2 , 3 and 4 , the data will be protected by charge neutrality of combined ion and electron patterns , and the holograms should be directly recoverable upon reexposure to uniform illumination . All atoms and molecules have excited states where one electron is bound in a nearly circular orbit to the remaining positive ion . We are pursuing the synthesis of organic macromolecules capable of mediating transmembrane ion flow in response to signals such as redox chemistry , light , or chemical modification .