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Patterns of GDP growth are nearly the inverse of the patterns of population growth . The Africa region is characterized by diverse patterns of elevation , geology , climatic variability and vegetation types . To steer the world to safer patterns of production and use , decisive national and global policies are needed . Improvement of infrastructure and sustainable human settlement patterns in Africa Improvements are needed in infrastructure and sustainable human settlement patterns in Africa , in order to reduce congestion and pollution . The city is situated in the heartlands of the indigenous Sami culture , and has a history inextricably linked with the marine resources of the frozen North . In the environs of Hurghada , festivities began in the morning with an underwater clean-up of a snorkeling reef at Small Magawish Island , followed by an afternoon clean-up around a shipwreck on Sheraton Reef . Monitoring of climatic patterns and strategies to alleviate the pressures that economic growth places on terrestrial resources are additional priorities if Africa is to achieve sustainable development and protect its resource base . What we have provided in this work , therefore , is both the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the future of our region , in the hope that the minds of people in positions of authority , who can make and execute policies , are drawn to the crucial issues raised regarding desirable and undesirable trends . Reducing air pollution in urban centres by regulating the industrial and transport sectors , as well as reducing domestic air pollution through improved access to electricity and ventilation would also make significant inroads in reducing the disease burden in Africa .