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DOE research focuses on specific processes that are creating significant uncertainties in predicting the climatic impacts of emissions from energy generation and use . Therefore , additional controls on emissions of sulfur dioxide are needed . It will be a significant challenge to achieve these dramatic reductions in emissions while still preserving a healthy economy and economic growth in the U.S. How and whether these goals can be achieved are sources of great controversy in the United States and many other nations . Instead of using a cost-benefit analysis to measure the program 's effectiveness , EPA uses data on national trends in emissions of all air toxics . Innovations for Existing PlantsThis is an invaluable program designed to produce dramatic short-term reductions in emissions of mercury , nitrogen oxide , particulate matter from existing coal plants .