□
[□]
□ □
In many countries , this observance provides an opportunity to sign or ratify international conventions and sometimes leads to the establishment of permanent government structures dealing with environmental management and economic planning . In both cases , there is a direct inverse relationship between infant mortality and the increasing percentage of the population that has access to safe water and sanitation . This is an indication of policy failures which have to be addressed if Africa is to move towards sustainable development . Climate change is likely to bring increased frequency and severity of flooding and drought to those areas already experiencing variability in rainfall . The challenge today is therefore to increase energy efficiency , and meet the rising demand by urgently promoting forms of energy that reduce or eliminate harmful emissions , without compromising energy needs – particularly those of the poor . Hard was the heart , stony and seared the eye , that had no tear for that moment . The root causes of environmental change have both natural and humanmade factors , and include interactions between them . We have constructed scenarios from : our understanding of current conditions and driving forces ; a vision of the future ; and a coherent story of a process of change , leading to that future . They may operate with different magnitudes and directions than those of the initial stage , and they may emerge or disappear as circumstances dictate . An equally pressing issue , addressed in Chapter 3 , concerns the fact that vast proportions of the population in various African countries are vulnerable to disasters resulting from the use of the environment and from social tensions which often develop when multitudes of people live together . Economic policies , particularly those relating to energy , can have a significant impact on the level of outdoor air pollution . User groups experience disparities in access to water resources , with Southern African countries showing the widest disparity in terms of both access and consumption . There are both direct and indirect economic implications of human vulnerability to environmental change which involve costs . Though women could make a living as authors , it was still not considered an entirely respectable female occupation , and women 's writings were often published anonymously , as here . This volume , an epistolary work which , like Cooper 's , includes observations on travels in the Alps and in Italy , was published as " by the author of ' Hope Leslie , ' ' The Poor Rich Man and the Rich Poor Man , ' ' Live and Let Live , ' etc. " Perhaps Angelica 's taste in fiction , or reading tastes generally , grew more moralistic in mid-century . However , there were 14 times more deaths in India and 34 times more deaths in Bangladesh than in the United States in that year . Cataloging has started at the two ends of the collection - -17 th century editions , and modern scholarship . The reverse is true for those lacking such endowments . The popularity and hero-worship of Garibaldi in the nineteenth-century English-speaking world is reflected in the inexpensive but attractively packaged popular biographies published at that time . In Europe and North America , forests are growing faster now than earlier this century , and at least part of that increase has been attributed to increased atmospheric nitrogen inputs ( Matson and others 2002 ) .