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Undeveloped fish reserves have disappeared altogether since the mid-1980s . Examples are : imposition of relatively lower tax rates on agricultural land uses ( Barnes and de Jager 1995 ) ; subsidies to inputs ; government intervention in marketing ; preferential credit arrangements ; relief on taxes and duties ; and high spending on research , extension , development and marketing ( Mogaka and others 2001 ) . These were used to play a fortune-telling parlor game ; a series of questions are followed by numbered quotations as answers . It will show which of these scenarios has the greatest promise for the region over the next 30 years . In Southern Africa , loss of indigenous knowledge and inadequate protection of intellectual property rights are hampering conservation measures , as are overharvesting ( legal and illegal ) of medicinal plant species , rare and endangered plants , and " trophy " animals and exotic pets . HEV ’ s have been available to the public since 1997 in Japan . " " As an island nation comprised mostly of low-lying small islands with large coastal areas , the FSM is vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change . The International Action Programme agreed at the International Conference for Renewable Energies in Bonn , in 2004 , lists over 200 commitments and actions to promote more sustainable forms of energy by governments and others ( Renewables 2004 ) . Pastoralism and subsistence agriculture are the traditional practices but commercial plantation agriculture has been promoted over the past 30 years , particularly in Western and Central Africa , as the foundation of economic growth . Falling RLI values indicate increases in overall threat status over time – that is , proportionally more species becoming more threatened . The RLI for the world ’ s birds shows that that their overall threat status has deteriorated steadily since 1988 , in all ecosystems and biogeographic realms . Other gaseous and liquid fuels made from biomass or coal show possibilities for providing clean , efficient fuels to households in some parts of the world , but more research is needed to establish the technology , economy , and safety of these fuel cycles ( Larson and Yang 2004 ) . Since the private sector has failed to assume many of the more extension-based roles of government , many farmers remain uninformed about sustainable farming practices and agricultural expansion has often occurred at the expense of the environment . Water use grows under each of the scenarios , as populations expand and incomes grow . By the 1890 's , the French artists Jules Cheret and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , the Czech Alphonse Mucha , and the American Edward Penfield had married lettering and images to advertise both entertainment ( caberet and circus ) and commercial products . About 40 per cent of Tanzania 's land area is covered by forests and woodlands.Macroeconomic reforms introduced over the past two decades have impacted on these forest and woodland resources . Commodore Perry , the naval officer and hero of the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812 , is best known for his wartime report that " We have met the enemy and they are ours . These are generally conservative estimates , as they monetize only some of the benefits of improved human health . Data availability to monitor the trends is improving , as the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network East Asia ( EANET ) , formed in 1998 by 12 countries , has a monitoring programme in place since 2003 . For example , many African countries in arid and semi-arid areas depend on food aid during some parts of the year . As is often the case , increased poverty made people more reliant on natural resources to meet their daily needs or to generate income , and this increased pressure led to overexploitation of resources .