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Freshmen may not initiate a transfer until the end of their second semester ( or until they have completed eight course units at Penn , whichever comes later ) , which means the effective date of transfer will be their third semester . To enable two or more end users to communicate , several things must be resolved : 1 ) the communicating parties must use the same language ; 2 ) they must agree on how to conduct themselves during the information flow ; and 3 ) they must be able to signal the beginning and the end of communication . Additional students may apply after one semester and up to the end of their sophomore year . My book discusses humans primarily in terms of their impact on the bison . These types of activities can have a very negative impact on the learning experience . The department seeks to give undergraduates both specific mastery of particular times , places and aspects of the human condition and the critical skills to think historically about both long-term and modern phenomena , emphasizing the dynamics of change and continuity over time . In 1990 , behavioral ecologist Pat Monaghan and colleagues teamed up with scientists at the Scottish Office Agricultural and Fisheries Department to examine the usefulness of seabird studies to assess fish populations in the Shetlandarea of the North Sea . Credits earned during the summer at another college or university by current Penn students may be used toward a Penn degree according to limits defined in the regulations of each undergraduate School .